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Uzal-Varela R, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Lalli D, Valencia L, Maneiro M, Botta M, Iglesias E, Esteban-Gómez D, Angelovski G, Platas-Iglesias C. Endeavor toward Redox-Responsive Transition Metal Contrast Agents Based on the Cross-Bridge Cyclam Platform. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1575-1588. [PMID: 38198518 PMCID: PMC10806912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
We present the synthesis and characterization of a series of Mn(III), Co(III), and Ni(II) complexes with cross-bridge cyclam derivatives (CB-cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane) containing acetamide or acetic acid pendant arms. The X-ray structures of [Ni(CB-TE2AM)]Cl2·2H2O and [Mn(CB-TE1AM)(OH)](PF6)2 evidence the octahedral coordination of the ligands around the Ni(II) and Mn(III) metal ions, with a terminal hydroxide ligand being coordinated to Mn(III). Cyclic voltammetry studies on solutions of the [Mn(CB-TE1AM)(OH)]2+ and [Mn(CB-TE1A)(OH)]+ complexes (0.15 M NaCl) show an intricate redox behavior with waves due to the MnIII/MnIV and MnII/MnIII pairs. The Co(III) and Ni(II) complexes with CB-TE2A and CB-TE2AM show quasi-reversible features due to the CoIII/CoII or NiII/NiIII pairs. The [Co(CB-TE2AM)]3+ complex is readily reduced by dithionite in aqueous solution, as evidenced by 1H NMR studies, but does not react with ascorbate. The [Mn(CB-TE1A)(OH)]+ complex is however reduced very quickly by ascorbate following a simple kinetic scheme (k0 = k1[AH-], where [AH-] is the ascorbate concentration and k1 = 628 ± 7 M-1 s-1). The reduction of the Mn(III) complex to Mn(II) by ascorbate provokes complex dissociation, as demonstrated by 1H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion studies. The [Ni(CB-TE2AM)]2+ complex shows significant chemical exchange saturation transfer effects upon saturation of the amide proton signals at 71 and 3 ppm with respect to the bulk water signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Uzal-Varela
- Centro
Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Galicia, Spain
| | - Aurora Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Centro
Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Galicia, Spain
| | - Daniela Lalli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Magnetic Resonance Platform
(PRISMA-UPO), Universitá del Piemonte
Orientale, Viale T. Michel
11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Laura Valencia
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Marcelino Maneiro
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus
Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Galicia, Spain
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Magnetic Resonance Platform
(PRISMA-UPO), Universitá del Piemonte
Orientale, Viale T. Michel
11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Emilia Iglesias
- Centro
Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Galicia, Spain
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro
Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Galicia, Spain
| | - Goran Angelovski
- Laboratory
of Molecular and Cellular Neuroimaging, International Center for Primate
Brain Research (ICPBR), Center for Excellence in Brain Science and
Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese
Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201602, PR China
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro
Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Galicia, Spain
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2
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Theillet FX, Luchinat E. In-cell NMR: Why and how? PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 132-133:1-112. [PMID: 36496255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy has been applied to cells and tissues analysis since its beginnings, as early as 1950. We have attempted to gather here in a didactic fashion the broad diversity of data and ideas that emerged from NMR investigations on living cells. Covering a large proportion of the periodic table, NMR spectroscopy permits scrutiny of a great variety of atomic nuclei in all living organisms non-invasively. It has thus provided quantitative information on cellular atoms and their chemical environment, dynamics, or interactions. We will show that NMR studies have generated valuable knowledge on a vast array of cellular molecules and events, from water, salts, metabolites, cell walls, proteins, nucleic acids, drugs and drug targets, to pH, redox equilibria and chemical reactions. The characterization of such a multitude of objects at the atomic scale has thus shaped our mental representation of cellular life at multiple levels, together with major techniques like mass-spectrometry or microscopies. NMR studies on cells has accompanied the developments of MRI and metabolomics, and various subfields have flourished, coined with appealing names: fluxomics, foodomics, MRI and MRS (i.e. imaging and localized spectroscopy of living tissues, respectively), whole-cell NMR, on-cell ligand-based NMR, systems NMR, cellular structural biology, in-cell NMR… All these have not grown separately, but rather by reinforcing each other like a braided trunk. Hence, we try here to provide an analytical account of a large ensemble of intricately linked approaches, whose integration has been and will be key to their success. We present extensive overviews, firstly on the various types of information provided by NMR in a cellular environment (the "why", oriented towards a broad readership), and secondly on the employed NMR techniques and setups (the "how", where we discuss the past, current and future methods). Each subsection is constructed as a historical anthology, showing how the intrinsic properties of NMR spectroscopy and its developments structured the accessible knowledge on cellular phenomena. Using this systematic approach, we sought i) to make this review accessible to the broadest audience and ii) to highlight some early techniques that may find renewed interest. Finally, we present a brief discussion on what may be potential and desirable developments in the context of integrative studies in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Theillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Enrico Luchinat
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CERM - Magnetic Resonance Center, and Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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3
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Wei H, Frey AM, Jasanoff A. Molecular fMRI of neurochemical signaling. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 364:109372. [PMID: 34597714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most widely applied technique for brain-wide measurement of neural function in humans and animals. In conventional functional MRI (fMRI), brain signaling is detected indirectly, via localized activity-dependent changes in regional blood flow, oxygenation, and volume, to which MRI contrast can be readily sensitized. Although such hemodynamic fMRI methods are powerful tools for analysis of brain activity, they lack specificity for the many molecules and cell types that play functionally distinct roles in neural processing. A suite of techniques collectively known to as "molecular fMRI," addresses this limitation by permitting MRI-based detection of specific molecular processes in deep brain tissue. This review discusses how molecular fMRI is coming to be used in the study of neurochemical dynamics that mediate intercellular communication in the brain. Neurochemical molecular fMRI is a potentially powerful approach for mechanistic analysis of brain-wide function, but the techniques are still in early stages of development. Here we provide an overview of the major advances and results that have been achieved to date, as well as directions for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wei
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Abigail M Frey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States; Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States.
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4
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Ozbakir HF, Miller ADC, Fishman KB, Martins AF, Kippin TE, Mukherjee A. A Protein-Based Biosensor for Detecting Calcium by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3163-3169. [PMID: 34420291 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-responsive contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer a promising approach for noninvasive brain-wide monitoring of neural activity at any arbitrary depth. Current examples of MRI-based calcium probes involve synthetic molecules and nanoparticles, which cannot be used to examine calcium signaling in a genetically encoded form. Here, we describe a new MRI sensor for calcium, based entirely on a naturally occurring calcium-binding protein known as calprotectin. Calcium-binding causes calprotectin to sequester manganese ions, thereby limiting Mn2+ enhanced paramagnetic relaxation of nearby water molecules. We demonstrate that this mechanism allows calprotectin to alter T1 and T2 based MRI signals in response to biologically relevant calcium concentrations. The resulting response amplitude, i.e., change in relaxation time, is comparable to existing MRI-based calcium sensors as well as other reported protein-based MRI sensors. As a preliminary demonstration of its biological applicability, we used calprotectin to detect calcium in a lysed hippocampal cell preparation as well as in intact Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with a calcium ionophore. Calprotectin thus represents a promising path toward noninvasive imaging of calcium signaling by combining the molecular and cellular specificity of genetically encodable tools with the ability of MRI to image through scattering tissue of any size and depth.
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5
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Miller ADC, Ozbakir HF, Mukherjee A. Calcium-responsive contrast agents for functional magnetic resonance imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:021301. [PMID: 34085055 DOI: 10.1063/5.0041394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions represent one of the key second messengers accompanying neural activity and synaptic signaling. Accordingly, dynamic imaging of calcium fluctuations in living organisms represents a cornerstone technology for discovering neural mechanisms that underlie memory, determine behavior, and modulate emotional states as well as how these mechanisms are perturbed by neurological disease and brain injury. While optical technologies are well established for high resolution imaging of calcium dynamics, physical limits on light penetration hinder their application for whole-brain imaging in intact vertebrates. Unlike optics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables noninvasive large-scale imaging across vertebrates of all sizes. This has motivated the development of several sensors that leverage innovative physicochemical mechanisms to sensitize MRI contrast to intracellular and extracellular changes in calcium. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art in MRI-based calcium sensors, focusing on fundamental aspects of sensor performance, in vivo applications, and challenges related to sensitivity. We also highlight how innovations at the intersection of reporter gene technology and gene delivery open potential opportunities for mapping calcium activity in genetically targeted cells, complementing the benefits of small molecule probes and nanoparticle sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D C Miller
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Harun F Ozbakir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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6
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Geng W, Zheng Z, Guo D. Supramolecular design based activatable magnetic resonance imaging. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin P. R. China
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7
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Adams CJ, Krueger R, Meade TJ. A Multimodal Ca(II) Responsive Near IR-MR Contrast Agent Exhibiting High Cellular Uptake. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:334-341. [PMID: 31967770 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ca(II) ions are critical for the proper function of neurons by contributing to synaptic signaling and regulating neuronal plasticity. Dysregulation of Ca(II) is associated with a number of pathologies that cause neurodegeneration; therefore the ability to monitor Ca(II) intracellularly is an important target for molecular imaging. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging is a promising modality for imaging changes in Ca(II) concentrations. However, the majority of Ca(II) responsive MR agents are limited to the extracellular space or hindered by poor cellular uptake. Here, we describe a new class of multimodal, bioresponsive Ca(II) magnetic resonance agents that are coupled to the NIR probe IR-783. This new design is based on previous generations of our Ca(II) MR agents but overcomes two significant challenges: (1) the presence of the NIR probe dramatically increases cellular uptake of the agent and (2) provides histological validation of the MR signal using NIR fluorescence imaging. IR-783 targets organic anion transporter polypeptides, and we demonstrate that the agents are not toxic in HT-22 or U-87 MG cells up to 20 μM. The cellular uptake of complex 1 was measured to be greater than 16 femtomoles per cell (where ∼1 femtomole/cell is detectable in acquired MR images). Complex 1 is simultaneously detectable by both MR and NIR fluorescence imaging in vitro and is activated (turned on) by intracellular Ca(II) at concentrations between 1 and 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J. Adams
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ruby Krueger
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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8
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Connah L, Angelovski G. Solid phase synthesis in the development of magnetic resonance imaging probes. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00921k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We review the use of the solid phase synthesis methodology for the preparation of diverse and potent MRI probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Connah
- MR Neuroimaging Agents
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics
- Tuebingen
- Germany
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics
- Tuebingen
- Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroimaging
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9
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Savić T, Gambino G, Bokharaie VS, Noori HR, Logothetis NK, Angelovski G. Early detection and monitoring of cerebral ischemia using calcium-responsive MRI probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20666-20671. [PMID: 31548425 PMCID: PMC6789561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908503116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability in infants and adults and its timely diagnosis is essential for an efficient treatment. We present a methodology for fast detection and real-time monitoring of fluctuations of calcium ions associated with focal ischemia using a molecular functional MRI approach. We used a dinuclear paramagnetic gadolinium(III) complex chelate that changes MR image contrast through its reversible interaction with extracellular calcium ions, while applying a remote transient middle cerebral artery occlusion as a model for ischemic stroke. Our method sensitively recognizes the onset and follows the dynamics of the ischemic core and penumbra with submillimeter spatial and second-scale temporal resolution, thus paving the way for noninvasive monitoring and development of targeted treatment strategies for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Savić
- MR Neuroimaging Agents Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Gambino
- MR Neuroimaging Agents Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Vahid S Bokharaie
- Neuronal Convergence Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hamid R Noori
- Neuronal Convergence Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nikos K Logothetis
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
- Department of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
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10
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Connah L, Joshi R, Vibhute S, Gambino G, Correia JD, Angelovski G. Solid-Phase-Supported Approach for the Preparation of Bioresponsive and Multifunctional MRI Probes. Org Lett 2019; 21:5378-5382. [PMID: 31150258 PMCID: PMC6750874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of bifunctional imaging probes can often be challenging with difficult and time-consuming solution phase chemistry protocols and purification techniques. A solid phase synthetic protocol was therefore utilized to produce a functionalized derivative of a potent bismacrocyclic calcium-responsive contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. Through a convenient building block approach, the applicability of this methodology in the preparation and simple future development of multifunctional imaging probes was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Connah
- MR Neuroimaging
Agents and Physiology of Cognitive Processes, MPI
for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rajendra Joshi
- MR Neuroimaging
Agents and Physiology of Cognitive Processes, MPI
for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sandip Vibhute
- MR Neuroimaging
Agents and Physiology of Cognitive Processes, MPI
for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Gambino
- MR Neuroimaging
Agents and Physiology of Cognitive Processes, MPI
for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - João D.
G. Correia
- Centro
de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento de Engenharia
e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging
Agents and Physiology of Cognitive Processes, MPI
for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
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11
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Klass SH, Truxal AE, Fiala TA, Kelly J, Nguyen D, Finbloom J, Wemmer DE, Pines A, Francis MB. Rotaxane Probes for the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide by 129 Xe HyperCEST NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9948-9953. [PMID: 31004389 PMCID: PMC6660407 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of sensitive and chemically selective MRI contrast agents is imperative for the early detection and diagnosis of many diseases. Conventional responsive contrast agents used in 1 H MRI are impaired by the high abundance of protons in the body. 129 Xe hyperCEST NMR/MRI comprises a highly sensitive complement to traditional 1 H MRI because of its ability to report specific chemical environments. To date, the scope of responsive 129 Xe NMR contrast agents lacks breadth in the specific detection of small molecules, which are often important markers of disease. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a rotaxane-based 129 Xe hyperCEST NMR contrast agent that can be turned on in response to H2 O2 , which is upregulated in several disease states. Added H2 O2 was detected by 129 Xe hyperCEST NMR spectroscopy in the low micromolar range, as well as H2 O2 produced by HEK 293T cells activated with tumor necrosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H. Klass
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Ashley E. Truxal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Tahoe A. Fiala
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Joseph Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Dang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Joel Finbloom
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - David E. Wemmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720
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12
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Klass SH, Truxal AE, Fiala TA, Kelly J, Nguyen D, Finbloom JA, Wemmer DE, Pines A, Francis MB. Rotaxane Probes for the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide by
129
Xe HyperCEST NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H. Klass
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley USA
| | | | - Tahoe A. Fiala
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley USA
| | - Joseph Kelly
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley USA
| | - Dang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley USA
| | | | - David E. Wemmer
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley USA
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories Berkeley California 94720 USA
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13
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Abstract
Many elegant inorganic designs have been developed to aid medical imaging. We know better now how to improve imaging due to the enormous efforts made by scientists in probe design and other fundamental sciences, including inorganic chemistry, physiochemistry, analytical chemistry, and biomedical engineering. However, despite several years being invested in the development of diagnostic probes, only a few examples have shown applicability in MRI in vivo. In this short review, we aim to show the reader the latest advances in the application of inorganic agents in preclinical MRI.
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14
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Gündüz S, Vibhute S, Botár R, Kálmán FK, Tóth I, Tircsó G, Regueiro-Figueroa M, Esteban-Gómez D, Platas-Iglesias C, Angelovski G. Coordination Properties of GdDO3A-Based Model Compounds of Bioresponsive MRI Contrast Agents. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5973-5986. [PMID: 29718660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a detailed characterization of the thermodynamic stability and dissociation kinetics of Gd3+ complexes with DO3A derivatives containing a (methylethylcarbamoylmethylamino)acetic acid (L1), (methylpropylcarbamoylmethylamino)acetic acid (L2), 2-dimethylamino- N-ethylacetamide (L3), or 2-dimethylamino- N-propylacetamide (L4) group attached to the fourth nitrogen atom of the macrocyclic unit. These ligands are model systems of Ca2+- and Zn2+-responsive contrast agents (CA) for application in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results of the potentiometric studies ( I = 0.15 M NaCl) provide stability constants with log KGdL values in the range 13.9-14.8. The complex speciation in solution was found to be quite complicated due to the formation of protonated species at low pH, hydroxido complexes at high pH, and stable dinuclear complexes in the case of L1,2. At neutral pH significant fractions of the complexes are protonated at the amine group of the amide side chain (log KGdL×H = 7.2-8.1). These ligands form rather weak complexes with Mg2+ and Ca2+ but very stable complexes with Cu2+ (log KCuL = 20.4-22.3) and Zn2+ (log KZnL = 15.5-17.6). Structural studies using a combination of 1H NMR and luminescence spectroscopy show that the amide group of the ligand is coordinated to the metal ion at pH ∼8.5, while protonation of the amine group provokes the decoordination of the amide O atom and a concomitant increase in the hydration number and proton relaxivity. The dissociation of the complexes occurs mainly through a rather efficient proton-assisted pathway, which results in kinetic inertness comparable to that of nonmacrocyclic ligands such as DTPA rather than DOTA-like complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Gündüz
- MR Neuroimaging Agents , Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics , D-72076 Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Sandip Vibhute
- MR Neuroimaging Agents , Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics , D-72076 Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Richard Botár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1 , H-4032 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Ferenc K Kálmán
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1 , H-4032 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Imre Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1 , H-4032 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Gyula Tircsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1 , H-4032 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Martín Regueiro-Figueroa
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química , Universidade da Coruña , Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10 , 15008 A Coruña , Spain
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química , Universidade da Coruña , Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10 , 15008 A Coruña , Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química , Universidade da Coruña , Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10 , 15008 A Coruña , Spain
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents , Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics , D-72076 Tuebingen , Germany
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15
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Angelovski G. Heading toward Macromolecular and Nanosized Bioresponsive MRI Probes for Successful Functional Imaging. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2215-2224. [PMID: 28841293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The quest for bioresponsive or smart contrast agents (SCAs) in molecular imaging, in particular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is progressively increasing since they allow for the monitoring of essential biological processes on molecular and cellular levels in a dynamic fashion. These are offshoot molecules of common contrast agents that are sensitive to biochemical changes in their environment, capable of reporting on such changes by inducing MRI signal alteration. Various mechanistic approaches and different types of SCAs have been developed in order to visualize desired processes, using diverse imaging protocols and methods. To date, the most frequently exploited probes are paramagnetic molecules that change longitudinal or transverse relaxation at proton frequency, or so-called T1- and T2-weighted probes, respectively. Moreover, SCAs operating by the chemical exchange saturation transfer mechanism, suitable for 19F MRI or possessing hyperpolarized nuclei have also appeared in the past decade, slowly finding their role in functional imaging studies. Following these mechanistic principles, a large number of SCAs suitable for diverse targets have been reported to date. This Account condenses this exciting progress, particularly focusing on probes designed for abundant targets that are suitable for practical, in vivo utilization. To date, the greatest advancements have been certainly made in the preparation of pH sensitive probes, which usually contain protonable groups that interact with paramagnetic centers, or take advantage of supramolecular (dis)assembling to induce the MRI signal change, thereupon enabling pH mapping in vivo. In a complementary approach, a combination of metal chelating ligands for Ca2+ or Zn2+ with MR reporting units results in a wide variety of SCAs that operate with different contrast mechanisms and can be used for initial functional experiments. Finally, the first examples of molecular sensing by creating host-guest complexes to track neurotransmitter flux have also been recently reported, allowing the study of brain function in an unprecedented manner. Nevertheless, wider SCA utilization in vivo has not yet been achieved. There are a few reasons for this disparity between their nominal potential and practical usage, with one of the major reasons being the low sensitivity of the MRI technique. Subsequently, the production of detectable signal change can be achieved using higher concentrations of the bioresponsive probe; however, the biocompatibility of these probes then starts to play an important role. An elegant solution to these practical challenges has been found with the integration of multiple small-sized SCAs into macromolecular and nanosized probes. In such case, the multivalent SCAs are able to circumvent the sensitivity issue, thus enhancing the MR signal and desired contrast changes. Moreover, they prolong the probe tissue retention time, while often reducing their toxicity. Finally, with altered size and properties, they allow for exploitation of mechanisms that induce the contrast change which is not possible with small-sized SCAs. To this end, this Account also discusses the current approaches that aim to develop macromolecular and nanosized SCAs suitable for practical MRI applications. With these, further progress of this exciting field is affirmed, with remarkable results expected in the near future on both the probe preparation and their utilization in functional molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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16
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17
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique with widespread use in diagnosis. Frequently, contrast in MRI is enhanced with the aid of a contrast agent, among which smart, responsive, OFF/ON or activatable probes are of particular interest. These kinds of probes elicit a response to selective stimuli, evidencing the presence of enzymes or acidic pH, for instance. In this review, we will focus on smart probes that are detectable by both 1H and 19F MRI, frequently based on nanomaterials. We will discuss the triggering factors and the strategies employed thus far to activate each probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Carril
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
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18
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Preslar AT, Tantakitti F, Park K, Zhang S, Stupp SI, Meade TJ. (19)F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signals from Peptide Amphiphile Nanostructures Are Strongly Affected by Their Shape. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7376-84. [PMID: 27425636 PMCID: PMC5036169 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging modality that provides excellent spatial and temporal resolution. The most commonly used MR probes face significant challenges originating from the endogenous (1)H background signal of water. In contrast, fluorine MRI ((19)F MRI) allows quantitative probe imaging with zero background signal. Probes with high fluorine content are required for high sensitivity, suggesting nanoscale supramolecular assemblies containing (19)F probes offer a potentially useful strategy for optimum imaging as a result of improved payload. We report here on supramolecular nanostructures formed by fluorinated peptide amphiphiles containing either glutamic acid or lysine residues in their sequence. We identified molecules that form aggregates in water which transition from cylindrical to ribbon-like shape as pH increased from 4.5 to 8.0. Interestingly, we found that ribbon-like nanostructures had reduced magnetic resonance signal, whereas their cylindrical counterparts exhibited strong signals. We attribute this drastic difference to the greater mobility of fluorinated tails in the hydrophobic compartment of cylindrical nanostructures compared to lower mobility in ribbon-like assemblies. This discovery identifies a strategy to design supramolecular, self-assembling contrast agents for (19)F MRI that can spatially map physiologically relevant changes in pH using changes in morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Preslar
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, Medicine, and Biomedical Engineering, and Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Faifan Tantakitti
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, Medicine, and Biomedical Engineering, and Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kitae Park
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shanrong Zhang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, Medicine, and Biomedical Engineering, and Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.
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19
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Gündüz S, Savić T, Pohmann R, Logothetis NK, Scheffler K, Angelovski G. Ratiometric Method for Rapid Monitoring of Biological Processes Using Bioresponsive MRI Contrast Agents. ACS Sens 2016; 1:483-487. [PMID: 29261290 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioresponsive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents hold great potential for noninvasive tracking of essential biological processes. Consequently, a number of MR sensors for several imaging protocols have been developed, attempting to produce the maximal signal difference for a given event. Here we introduce an approach which could substantially improve the detection of physiological events with fast kinetics. We developed a nanosized, calcium-sensitive dendrimeric probe that changes longitudinal and transverse relaxation times with different magnitudes. The change in their ratio is rapidly recorded by means of a balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging protocol. The employed methodology results in an almost four times greater signal gain per unit of time as compared to conventional T1-weighted imaging with small sized contrast agents. Furthermore, it is suitable for high resolution functional MRI at high magnetic fields. This methodology could evolve into a valuable tool for rapid monitoring of various biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nikos K. Logothetis
- Department
of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department
for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Garello F, Vibhute S, Gündüz S, Logothetis NK, Terreno E, Angelovski G. Innovative Design of Ca-Sensitive Paramagnetic Liposomes Results in an Unprecedented Increase in Longitudinal Relaxivity. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1303-11. [PMID: 26956911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioresponsive MRI contrast agents sensitive to Ca(II) fluctuations may play a critical role in the development of functional molecular imaging methods to study brain physiology or abnormalities in muscle contraction. A great challenge in their chemistry is the preparation of probes capable of inducing a strong signal variation that could be detected in a robust way. To this end, the incorporation of small molecular weight bioresponsive agents into nanocarriers can improve the overall properties in a few ways: (i) the agent can be delivered into the tissue of interest, increasing the local concentration; (ii) its biokinetic properties and retention time will improve; (iii) the high molecular weight and size of the nanocarrier may cause additional changes in the MRI signal and raise the chances for their detection in functional experiments. In this work, we report the preparation of the new class of liposome-based, Ca-sensitive MRI agents. We synthesized a novel amphiphilic ligand which was incorporated into the liposome bilayer. A remarkable increase of ∼420% in longitudinal relaxivity r1, from 7.3 mM(-1) s(-1) to 38.1 mM(-1) s(-1) at 25 °C and 21.5 MHz in the absence and presence of Ca(II), respectively, was achieved by the most active liposomal formulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest change in r1 observed for Ca-sensitive agents at physiological pH and can be explained by simultaneous Ca-triggered increase in hydration and reduction of local motion of Gd(III) complex, which can be followed at low magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Garello
- Molecular & Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Sandip Vibhute
- Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics , 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Serhat Gündüz
- MR Neuroimaging Agents, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics , Spemannstrasse 41, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nikos K Logothetis
- Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics , 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Enzo Terreno
- Molecular & Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics , Spemannstrasse 41, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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21
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MacRenaris KW, Ma Z, Krueger RL, Carney CE, Meade TJ. Cell-Permeable Esterase-Activated Ca(II)-Sensitive MRI Contrast Agent. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:465-73. [PMID: 26689452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium [Ca(II)] is a fundamental transducer of electrical activity in the central nervous system (CNS). Influx of Ca(II) into the cytosol is responsible for action potential initiation and propagation, and initiates interneuronal communication via release of neurotransmitters and activation of gene expression. Despite the importance of Ca(II) in physiology, it remains a challenge to visualize Ca(II) flux in the central nervous system (CNS) in vivo. To address these challenges, we have developed a new generation, Ca(II)-activated MRI contrast agent that utilizes ethyl esters to increase cell labeling and prevent extracellular divalent Ca(II) binding. Following labeling, the ethyl esters can be cleaved, thus allowing the agent to bind Ca(II), increasing relaxivity and resulting in enhanced positive MR image contrast. The ability of this probe to discriminate between extra- and intracellular Ca(II) may allow for spatiotemporal in vivo imaging of Ca(II) flux during seizures or ischemia where large Ca(II) fluxes (1-10 μM) can result in cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W MacRenaris
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Zhidong Ma
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Ruby L Krueger
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Christiane E Carney
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208 , United States
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22
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Morrow JR. Editorial for the ACS Select Virtual Issue on Emerging Investigators in Bioinorganic Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Regueiro-Figueroa M, Gündüz S, Patinec V, Logothetis NK, Esteban-Gómez D, Tripier R, Angelovski G, Platas-Iglesias C. Gd(3+)-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent Responsive to Zn(2+). Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10342-50. [PMID: 26468992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the heteroditopic ligand H5L, which contains a DO3A unit for Gd(3+) complexation connected to an NO2A moiety through a N-propylacetamide linker. The synthesis of the ligand followed a convergent route that involved the preparation of 1,4-bis(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane following the orthoamide strategy. The luminescence lifetimes of the Tb((5)D4) excited state measured for the TbL complex point to the absence of coordinated water molecules. Density functional theory calculations and (1)H NMR studies indicate that the EuL complex presents a square antiprismatic coordination in aqueous solution, where eight coordination is provided by the seven donor atoms of the DO3A unit and the amide oxygen atom of the N-propylacetamide linker. Addition of Zn(2+) to aqueous solutions of the TbL complex provokes a decrease of the emission intensity as the emission lifetime becomes shorter, which is a consequence of the coordination of a water molecule to the Tb(3+) ion upon Zn(2+) binding to the NO2A moiety. The relaxivity of the GdL complex recorded at 7 T (25 °C) increases by almost 150% in the presence of 1 equiv of Zn(2+), while Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) induced very small relaxivity changes. In vitro magnetic resonance imaging experiments confirmed the ability of GdL to provide response to the presence of Zn(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Regueiro-Figueroa
- Grupo QUICOOR, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña , Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Serhat Gündüz
- MR Neuroimaging Agents, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics , Spemannstr. 41, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Véronique Patinec
- UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-CNRS 6521 , 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 BREST Cedex 3, France
| | - Nikos K Logothetis
- Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics , Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester , Manchester, U.K
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Grupo QUICOOR, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña , Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-CNRS 6521 , 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 BREST Cedex 3, France
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics , Spemannstr. 41, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Grupo QUICOOR, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña , Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
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24
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Moussaron A, Vibhute S, Bianchi A, Gündüz S, Kotb S, Sancey L, Motto-Ros V, Rizzitelli S, Crémillieux Y, Lux F, Logothetis NK, Tillement O, Angelovski G. Ultrasmall Nanoplatforms as Calcium-Responsive Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4900-4909. [PMID: 26179212 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of ultrasmall and rigid platforms (USRPs) that are covalently coupled to macrocycle-based, calcium-responsive/smart contrast agents (SCAs), and the initial in vitro and in vivo validation of the resulting nanosized probes (SCA-USRPs) by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is reported. The synthetic procedure is robust, allowing preparation of the SCA-USRPs on a multigram scale. The resulting platforms display the desired MRI activity—i.e., longitudinal relaxivity increases almost twice at 7 T magnetic field strength upon saturation with Ca(2+). Cell viability is probed with the MTT assay using HEK-293 cells, which show good tolerance for lower contrast agent concentrations over longer periods of time. On intravenous administration of SCA-USRPs in living mice, MRI studies indicate their rapid accumulation in the renal pelvis and parenchyma. Importantly, the MRI signal increases in both kidney compartments when CaCl2 is also administrated. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy experiments confirm accumulation of SCA-USRPs in the renal cortex. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first studies which demonstrate calcium-sensitive MRI signal changes in vivo. Continuing contrast agent and MRI protocol optimizations should lead to wider application of these responsive probes and development of superior functional methods for monitoring calcium-dependent physiological and pathological processes in a dynamic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Moussaron
- Laboratoire MATEIS, INSA de Lyon, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Sandip Vibhute
- Department for Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Bianchi
- CRMSB, UMR 5536, Université Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Serhat Gündüz
- MR Neuroimaging Agents Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shady Kotb
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR CNRS 5306 - Université Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Lucie Sancey
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR CNRS 5306 - Université Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Motto-Ros
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR CNRS 5306 - Université Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Francois Lux
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR CNRS 5306 - Université Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Nikos K Logothetis
- Department for Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR CNRS 5306 - Université Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstr. 41, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Gündüz S, Nitta N, Vibhute S, Shibata S, Mayer ME, Logothetis NK, Aoki I, Angelovski G. Dendrimeric calcium-responsive MRI contrast agents with slow in vivo diffusion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2782-5. [PMID: 25383973 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07540d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report a methodology which enables the preparation of dendrimeric contrast agents sensitive to Ca(2+) when starting from the monomeric analogue. The Ca-triggered longitudinal relaxivity response of these agents is not compromised by undertaking synthetic transformations, despite structural changes. The in vivo MRI studies in the rat cerebral cortex indicate that diffusion properties of dendrimeric contrast agents have great advantages as compared to their monomeric equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Gündüz
- MR Neuroimaging Agents Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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