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Cherukuri R, Kammala AK, Thomas TJ, Saylor L, Richardson L, Kim S, Ferrer M, Acedo C, Song MJ, Gaharwar AK, Menon R, Han A. High-Throughput 3D-Printed Model of the Feto-Maternal Interface for the Discovery and Development of Preterm Birth Therapies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:41892-41906. [PMID: 39078878 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) affects around 11% of births, posing significant risks to neonatal health due to the inflammation at the fetal-maternal interface (FMi). This inflammation disrupts immune tolerance during pregnancy, often leading to PTB. While organ-on-a-chip (OOC) devices effectively mimic the physiology, pathophysiology, and responses of FMi, their relatively low throughput limits their utility in high-throughput testing applications. To overcome this, we developed a three-dimensional (3D)-printed model that fits in a well of a 96-well plate and can be mass-produced while also accurately replicating FMi, enabling efficient screening of drugs targeting FMi inflammation. Our model features two cell culture chambers (maternal and fetal cells) interlinked via an array of microfluidic channels. It was thoroughly validated, ensuring cell viability, metabolic activity, and cell-specific markers. The maternal chamber was exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce an inflammatory state, and proinflammatory cytokines in the culture supernatant were quantified. Furthermore, the efficacy of anti-inflammatory inhibitors in mitigating LPS-induced inflammation was investigated. Results demonstrated that our model supports robust cell growth, maintains viability, and accurately mimics PTB-associated inflammation. This high-throughput 3D-printed model offers a versatile platform for drug screening, promising advancements in drug discovery and PTB prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Cherukuri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Ananth Kumar Kammala
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Tilu Jain Thomas
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Leah Saylor
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Lauren Richardson
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Marc Ferrer
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory, National Centre for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Cristina Acedo
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory, National Centre for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Min Jae Song
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory, National Centre for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
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El-Araby RE, Wasif K, Johnson R, Tu Q, Aboushousha T, Zhu ZX, Chen J. Establishment of a novel cellular model for Alzheimer's disease in vitro studies. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114820. [PMID: 38789025 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss, cognitive impairment, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. The limited efficacy of drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases reflects their complex etiology and pathogenesis. A novel in vitro model may help to bridge the gap between existing preclinical animal models and human clinical trials, thus identifying promising therapeutic targets that can be explored in upcoming clinical trials. By assisting in the identification of the mechanism of action and potential dangers, in vitro testing can also shorten the time and expense of translation. AIM As a result of these factors, our objective is to develop a powerful and informative cellular model of AD within a short period of time. Through triggering the MAPK and NF-κβ signaling pathways with the aid of small chemical compounds (PAF C-16 and BetA), respectively, in mouse microglial (SIM-A9) and neuroblast Neuro-2a (N2a) cell lines. RESULTS PAF C-16, initiated an activation effect at a concentration of 3.12 nM to 25 nM in the SIM-A9 and N2a cell lines after 72 h. BetA, activated the NF-κβ pathway with a concentration of 12.5 nM to 25 nM in the SIM-A9 and N2a cell lines after 72 h. The combination of the activator chemicals provided suitable activation for MEK1/2-ERK and NF-κβ in more than three subcultures. Activators significantly initiate APP and MAPT gene expression, as well as the expression of proteins APP, β. Amyloid, tau, and p-tau. The activation of the targeted pathways leads to significant morphological changes. CONCLUSION We can infer that the MEK1/2-ERK and NF-κβ pathways, respectively, are directly activated by the PAF C-16 and BetA chemicals. The activation of MEK1/2-ERK pathway results in the activation of the APP gene, which in turn activates the β. Amyloid protein, which in turn results in plaque. Furthermore, NF-κβ activation results in the activation of the MAPT gene, which leads to Tau and p-Tau protein activation, which ultimately results in tangles. This can be put into practice in just three days, with a high level of activity and stability that is passed down to the next three generations (subculture), with significant morphological changes. In microglial and neuroblast cell lines, we were successful in creating a novel AD-cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rady E El-Araby
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Ministry of scientific Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Komal Wasif
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Human Physiology, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rebecca Johnson
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Human Physiology, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tarek Aboushousha
- Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Ministry of scientific Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zoe Xiaofang Zhu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jake Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. 136 Harrison Ave, M&V 830, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Noonan ML, Muto Y, Yoshimura Y, Leckie-Harre A, Wu H, Kalinichenko VV, Humphreys BD, Chang-Panesso M. Injury-induced Foxm1 expression in the mouse kidney drives epithelial proliferation by a cyclin F-dependent mechanism. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e175416. [PMID: 38916959 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) strongly upregulates the transcription factor Foxm1 in the proximal tubule in vivo, and Foxm1 drives epithelial proliferation in vitro. Here, we report that deletion of Foxm1 either with a nephron-specific Cre driver or by inducible global deletion reduced proximal tubule proliferation after ischemic injury in vivo. Foxm1 deletion led to increased AKI to chronic kidney disease transition, with enhanced fibrosis and ongoing tubule injury 6 weeks after injury. We report ERK mediated FOXM1 induction downstream of the EGFR in primary proximal tubule cells. We defined FOXM1 genomic binding sites by cleavage under targets and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) and compared the genes located near FOXM1 binding sites with genes downregulated in primary proximal tubule cells after FOXM1 knockdown. The aligned data sets revealed the cell cycle regulator cyclin F (CCNF) as a putative FOXM1 target. We identified 2 cis regulatory elements that bound FOXM1 and regulated CCNF expression, demonstrating that Ccnf is strongly induced after kidney injury and that Foxm1 deletion abrogates Ccnf expression in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of CCNF also reduced proximal tubule proliferation in vitro. These studies identify an ERK/FOXM1/CCNF signaling pathway that regulates injury-induced proximal tubule cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Noonan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yoshiharu Muto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshimura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aidan Leckie-Harre
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Haojia Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Phoenix Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Monica Chang-Panesso
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Zurawska G, Jończy A, Niklewicz M, Sas Z, Rumieńczyk I, Kulecka M, Piwocka K, Rygiel TP, Mikula M, Mleczko-Sanecka K. Iron-triggered signaling via ETS1 and the p38/JNK MAPK pathway regulates Bmp6 expression. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:543-554. [PMID: 38293789 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BMP6 is an iron-sensing cytokine whose transcription in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is enhanced by high iron levels, a step that precedes the induction of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. While several reports suggested a cell-autonomous induction of Bmp6 by iron-triggered signals, likely via sensing of oxidative stress by the transcription factor NRF2, other studies proposed the dominant role of a paracrine yet unidentified signal released by iron-loaded hepatocytes. To further explore the mechanisms of Bmp6 transcriptional regulation, we used female mice aged 10-11 months, which are characterized by hepatocytic but not LSEC iron accumulation, and no evidence of systemic iron overload. We found that LSECs of aged mice exhibit increased Bmp6 mRNA levels as compared to young controls, but do not show a transcriptional signature characteristic of activated NFR2-mediated signaling in FACS-sorted LSECs. We further observed that primary murine LSECs derived from both wild-type and NRF2 knock-out mice induce Bmp6 expression in response to iron exposure. By analyzing transcriptomic data of FACS-sorted LSECs from aged versus young mice, as well as early after iron citrate injections, we identified ETS1 as a candidate transcription factor involved in Bmp6 transcriptional regulation. By performing siRNA-mediated knockdown, small-molecule treatments, and chromatin immunoprecipitation in primary LSECs, we show that Bmp6 transcription is regulated by iron via ETS1 and p38/JNK MAP kinase-mediated signaling, at least in part independently of NRF2. Thereby, these findings identify the new components of LSEC iron sensing machinery broadly associated with cellular stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Zurawska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Jończy
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Niklewicz
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Sas
- Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Rumieńczyk
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz P Rygiel
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Mikula
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Lv D, Lin Z, Liao X, Peng R, Liu H, Wu T, Wu K, Sun Y, Zhang Z. Sfrp2 promotes renal dysfunction of diabetic kidney disease via modulating Fzd5-induced cytosolic calcium ion concentration and CaMKII/Mek/Erk pathway in mesangial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166933. [PMID: 37951508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesangial cells (MCs) in the kidney play central role in maintaining glomerular integrity, and their abnormal proliferation leads to major glomerular diseases including diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although high blood glucose elicits MCs impairment, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (Sfrp2) from single-nucleus RNA profiling on MC proliferation of DKD in vitro and in vivo and explored the specific mechanisms. RESULTS By snRNA-seq analysis of isolated renal cells from leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice and control db/m mice, we found that Sfrp2 was increased in the MCs of DKD in comparison to other intrinsic renal cells, which was further verified in vitro and in vivo. We also found that the expression of Sfrp2 was significantly upregulated in DKD patients and correlated with renal function, demonstrating that Sfrp2 might serve as an independent biomarker for DKD patients. Functionally, we showed the loss and acquisition of Sfrp2 affected cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, cell proliferation and fibrosis of MC, albuminuria and kidney injury in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we identify c-Jun as a transcription factor of Sfrp2 promoting its transcription, and the Ca2+ signaling related protein frizzled receptor 5 (Fzd5) as the binding protein of Sfrp2. And we further found Sfrp2 promoted Fzd5-induced cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and the downstream CaMKII/Mek/Erk pathway activation, leading to MC proliferation and fibrosis in DKD. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a novel involvement for Sfrp2 in the regulation of MC function and the effect of Sfrp2 on cell proliferation and fibrosis of MC via the Fzd5/Ca2+/CaMKII/Mek/Erk pathway, implying that Sfrp2 may be a possible biomarker and therapeutic target for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lv
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ziyue Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaohui Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Handeng Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tianhui Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Keqian Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Ying H, Zhang Z, Wang W, Yang Z, You C, Li Y, Cai X, Li X. Inhibition of Calcium-Sensing Receptor Alleviates Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction via CaSR-PKC-ERK1/2 Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2099-2115. [PMID: 36600080 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is typically characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), associated with cognitive dysfunction in children. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) mediates the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in various diseases. However, the effect of CaSR on OSAHS remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the role of CaSR in CIH-induced memory dysfunction and underlying mechanisms on regulation of PKC-ERK1/2 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. CIH exposures for 4 weeks in mice, modeling OSAHS, contributed to cognitive dysfunction. CIH accelerated apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and resulted in the synaptic plasticity deficit via downregulated synaptophysin (Syn) protein level. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with CaSR inhibitor (NPS2143) 30 min before CIH exposure and the results demonstrated CaSR inhibitor alleviated the apoptosis and synaptic plasticity deficit in the hippocampus of CIH mice. We established intermittent hypoxia PC12 cell model and found that the activation of CaSR accelerated CIH-induced PC12 apoptosis and synaptic plasticity deficit by upregulated p-ERK1/2 and PKC. Overall, our findings revealed that CaSR held a critical function on CIH-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice by accelerating hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and reducing synaptic plasticity via augmenting CaSR-PKC-ERK1/2 pathway; otherwise, inhibition of CaSR alleviated CIH-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiya Ying
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zijing Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cancan You
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanai Li
- Department of Pediatric Sleep, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Cai
- Department of Pediatric Sleep, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiucui Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou, China.
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Zhang Y, Chi Z, Cui Z, Chang S, Wang Y, Zhao P. Inflammatory response triggered by avian hepatitis E virus in vivo and in vitro. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161665. [PMID: 37063902 PMCID: PMC10098337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is relevant to public health worldwide, and it affects a variety of animals. Big liver and spleen disease (BLS) and hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HSS) associated with avian HEV (aHEV) were first reported in 1988 and in 1991, respectively. Here, cell culture–adapted aHEV genotype 3 strain, YT-aHEV (YT strain), a typical genotype isolated in China, was used for basic and applied research. We evaluated liver injury during the early stages of infection caused by the YT strain in vivo. Both in vivo and in vitro experimental data demonstrated that viral infection induces innate immunity, with mRNA expression levels of two key inflammatory factors, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, significantly upregulated. The YT strain infection was associated with the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), caspase-1, and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) in the liver and primary hepatocellular carcinoma epithelial cells (LMH). Moreover, inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK1 or 2), P38, NF-κB, or caspase-1 activity has different effects on NLRs, and there is a mutual regulatory relationship between these signaling pathways. The results show that SB 203580, U0126, and VX-765 inhibited IL-1β and IL-18 induced by the YT strain, whereas Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) had no significant effect on the activity of IL-1β and IL-18. Pretreatment of cells with SP600125 had an inhibitory effect on IL-18 but not on IL-1β. The analysis of inhibition results suggests that there is a connection between Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB, and the NLRs signaling pathways. This study explains the relationship between signaling pathway activation (TLRs, NF-κB, MAPK, and NLR–caspase-1) and viral-associated inflammation caused by YT strain infection, which will help to dynamic interaction between aHEV and host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Zengna Chi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Zhao,
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Newman SA, Short JL, Nicolazzo JA. Reduction in ABCG2 mRNA Expression in Human Immortalised Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells by Ferric Ammonium Citrate is Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species and Activation of ERK1/2 Signalling. Pharm Res 2023; 40:651-660. [PMID: 36539667 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport protein ABCG2 (also known as breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)) is expressed at the luminal face of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), where it limits the brain uptake of a number of therapeutic drugs. We recently reported that the ABC efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was downregulated in human immortalised brain endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cells treated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). The aim of the present study, therefore, was to assess whether BCRP expression is also affected by FAC and identify any signalling mechanisms involved. METHODS ABCG2 mRNA was assessed by RT-qPCR. Protein levels of BCRP, phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (p-ERK1/2) and total ERK 1/2 were assessed by Western blot. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. RESULTS Treatment of hCMEC/D3 cells with FAC (250 µM, 72 h) significantly reduced ABCG2 mRNA levels (32.2 ± 3.7%) without a concomitant reduction in BCRP protein expression. ABCG2 mRNA levels were restored to control levels when co-treated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), suggesting the effect of FAC was mediated by a ROS-sensitive pathway. We also found that FAC-treatment was associated with increased levels of p-ERK1/2, suggesting involvement of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway in the observed ABCG2 mRNA downregulation. The ERK1/2 signalling pathway inhibitor U0126 restored p-ERK1/2 levels and partially attenuated the FAC-induced reduction in ABCG2 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that FAC-induced downregulation of ABCG2 mRNA is driven by ROS and ERK1/2 signalling, mechanisms which may be exploited to modulate BCRP expression at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Newman
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Short
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Dahchour A. Anxiolytic and antidepressive potentials of rosmarinic acid: A review with a focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106421. [PMID: 36096427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders that have emerged as global health concerns. Anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, such as benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and tricyclics, are the first line used in treating anxiety and depression. Although these drugs lack efficacy and have a delayed response time and numerous side effects, their widespread abuse and market continue to grow. Over time, traditional practices using natural and phytochemicals as alternative therapies to chemical drugs have emerged to treat many pathological conditions, including anxiety and depression. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that the phenolic compound, rosmarinic acid, is effective against several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. In addition, rosmarinic acid showed various pharmacological effects, such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, lung protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the potentialities of the use of rosmarinic acid in the treatment of nervous system-related disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are less or not yet reviewed. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to present several preclinical and clinical studies, when available, from different databases investigating the effects of rosmarinic acid on anxiety and depression. These studies showed that rosmarinic acid produces advantageous effects on anxiety and depression through its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review will examine and discuss the possibility that the anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects of rosmarinic acid could be associated with its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Dahchour
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco.
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10
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Leu JI, Murphy ME, George DL. Targeting ErbB3 and Cellular NADPH/NADP + Abundance Sensitizes Cutaneous Melanomas to Ferroptosis Inducers. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1038-1044. [PMID: 35420772 PMCID: PMC9208338 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a serious health challenge. Ferroptosis is a regulated form of oxidative cell death that shows varied efficacy in melanoma. We aimed to better understand the molecular basis for this differential ferroptosis sensitivity. We find that elevated expression of ErbB3 (V-Erb-B2 Avian Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homologue 3) associates with ferroptosis resistance and that ErbB3 knockdown sensitizes to ferroptosis inducers. ErbB3 depletion also promotes a marked reduction in the cellular ratio of GSH/GSSG (reduced/oxidized glutathione) and that of NADPH/NADP+ (reduced/oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), together with an increase in the abundance of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA). We identify several small molecule inhibitors targeting ErbB3 signaling pathways that also reduce the NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSG ratios, concomitantly sensitizing the melanomas to ferroptosis activators. These findings point to a previously unrecognized role of ErbB3 in ferroptosis sensitivity and provide new insight into pathways that regulate this cell death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia I. Leu
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Donna L George
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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11
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L-Carnitine reduces reactive oxygen species/endoplasmic reticulum stress and maintains mitochondrial function during autophagy-mediated cell apoptosis in perfluorooctanesulfonate-treated renal tubular cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4673. [PMID: 35304586 PMCID: PMC8933466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) causes autophagy-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells (RTCs) through a mechanism dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase. This study extended our findings and determined the therapeutic potency of l-Carnitine in PFOS-treated RTCs. l-Carnitine (10 mM) reversed the effects of PFOS (100 µM) on autophagy induction and impaired autophagy flux. Furthermore, it downregulated the protein level of p47Phox, which is partly related to PFOS-induced increased cytosolic ROS in RTCs. Moreover, l-Carnitine reduced ROS production in mitochondria and restored PFOS-impeded mitochondrial function, leading to sustained normal adenosine triphosphate synthesis and oxygen consumption and reduced proton leakage in a Seahorse XF stress test. The increased inositol-requiring enzyme 1α expression by PFOS, which indicated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation, was associated with PFOS-mediated autophagy activation that could be attenuated through 4-phenylbutyrate (5 mM, an ER stress inhibitor) and l-Carnitine pretreatment. Therefore, by reducing the level of IRE1α, l-Carnitine reduced the levels of Beclin and LC3BII, consequently reducing the level of apoptotic biomarkers including Bax and cleaving PARP and caspase 3. Collectively, these results indicate that through the elimination of oxidative stress, extracellular signal–regulated kinase activation, and ER stress, l-Carnitine reduced cell autophagy/apoptosis and concomitantly increased cell viability in RTCs. This study clarified the potential mechanism of PFOS-mediated RTC apoptosis and provided a new strategy for using l-Carnitine to prevent and treat PFOS-induced RTC apoptosis.
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12
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Zille M, Oses-Prieto JA, Savage SR, Karuppagounder SS, Chen Y, Kumar A, Morris JH, Scheidt KA, Burlingame AL, Ratan RR. Hemin-Induced Death Models Hemorrhagic Stroke and Is a Variant of Classical Neuronal Ferroptosis. J Neurosci 2022; 42:2065-2079. [PMID: 34987108 PMCID: PMC8916756 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0923-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a caspase-independent, iron-dependent form of regulated necrosis extant in traumatic brain injury, Huntington disease, and hemorrhagic stroke. It can be activated by cystine deprivation leading to glutathione depletion, the insufficiency of the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase-4, and the hemolysis products hemoglobin and hemin. A cardinal feature of ferroptosis is extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation culminating in its translocation to the nucleus. We have previously confirmed that the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 inhibits persistent ERK1/2 phosphorylation and ferroptosis. Here, we show that hemin exposure, a model of secondary injury in brain hemorrhage and ferroptosis, activated ERK1/2 in mouse neurons. Accordingly, MEK inhibitor U0126 protected against hemin-induced ferroptosis. Unexpectedly, U0126 prevented hemin-induced ferroptosis independent of its ability to inhibit ERK1/2 signaling. In contrast to classical ferroptosis in neurons or cancer cells, chemically diverse inhibitors of MEK did not block hemin-induced ferroptosis, nor did the forced expression of the ERK-selective MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP)3. We conclude that hemin or hemoglobin-induced ferroptosis, unlike glutathione depletion, is ERK1/2-independent. Together with recent studies, our findings suggest the existence of a novel subtype of neuronal ferroptosis relevant to bleeding in the brain that is 5-lipoxygenase-dependent, ERK-independent, and transcription-independent. Remarkably, our unbiased phosphoproteome analysis revealed dramatic differences in phosphorylation induced by two ferroptosis subtypes. As U0126 also reduced cell death and improved functional recovery after hemorrhagic stroke in male mice, our analysis also provides a template on which to build a search for U0126's effects in a variant of neuronal ferroptosis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent mechanism of regulated necrosis that has been linked to hemorrhagic stroke. Common features of ferroptotic death induced by diverse stimuli are the depletion of the antioxidant glutathione, production of lipoxygenase-dependent reactive lipids, sensitivity to iron chelation, and persistent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Unlike classical ferroptosis induced in neurons or cancer cells, here we show that ferroptosis induced by hemin is ERK-independent. Paradoxically, the canonical MAP kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 blocks brain hemorrhage-induced death. Altogether, these data suggest that a variant of ferroptosis is unleashed in hemorrhagic stroke. We present the first, unbiased phosphoproteomic analysis of ferroptosis as a template on which to understand distinct paths to cell death that meet the definition of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Zille
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Sara R Savage
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Saravanan S Karuppagounder
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
| | - Yingxin Chen
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
| | - Amit Kumar
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
| | - John H Morris
- Resource on Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Rajiv R Ratan
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
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13
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Wang J, Li X, Wang C, Li Y, Wang J, Fang R, Wang J, Chen J, Dong J. Exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate reduces secretion of GDNF via interfering with estrogen pathway and downregulating ERK/c-fos signaling pathway in astrocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112592. [PMID: 34624416 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a typical endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that can increase the risk of central nervous system disease. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of DEHP exposure on GDNF secretion and the underlying mechanisms. Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups and administered 0, 30, 300, or 750 mg/kg DEHP daily by oral gavage. In addition, primary astrocytes were exposed to mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the main metabolite of DEHP. Our results showed that DEHP exposure reduced GDNF levels and downregulated the ERK/c-fos signaling pathway in the cerebral cortex of male, but not female, offspring. Moreover, exogenous estrogen could overcome the decreased GDNF levels in astrocytes caused by MEHP exposure. MEHP also decreased p300 levels and downregulated the ERK/c-fos signaling pathway in primary astrocytes. Honokiol restored GDNF levels following MEHP exposure by activating the ERK/c-fos signaling pathway, while the inhibitor U0126 further reduced the GDNF levels. These results suggested that DEHP exposure could interfere with the normal effects of estrogen in the brain and downregulate the ERK/c-fos signaling pathway to decrease the GDNF secretion from astrocytes in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Jinmiao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Jingsi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, PR China.
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, PR China.
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14
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ERK: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer. ERK-Dependent Apoptosis as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102509. [PMID: 34685488 PMCID: PMC8533760 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway regulates diverse cellular processes as exemplified by cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Activation of ERK1/2 generally promotes cell proliferation, and its deregulated activity is a hallmark of many cancers. Therefore, components and regulators of the ERK pathway are considered potential therapeutic targets for cancer, and inhibitors of this pathway, including some MEK and BRAF inhibitors, are already being used in the clinic. Notably, ERK1/2 kinases also have pro-apoptotic functions under certain conditions and enhanced ERK1/2 signaling can cause tumor cell death. Although the repertoire of the compounds which mediate ERK activation and apoptosis is expanding, and various anti-cancer compounds induce ERK activation while exerting their anti-proliferative effects, the mechanisms underlying ERK1/2-mediated cell death are still vague. Recent studies highlight the importance of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) in determining the pro- versus anti-apoptotic function of ERK in cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent major findings in understanding the role of ERK in apoptosis, focusing on the major compounds mediating ERK-dependent apoptosis. Studies that further define the molecular targets of these compounds relevant to cell death will be essential to harnessing these compounds for developing effective cancer treatments.
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15
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Wang D, Shi S, Ren T, Zhang Y, Guo P, Wang J, Wang W. U0126 pretreatment inhibits cisplatin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in HEI-OC1 cells and cochlear hair cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 415:115447. [PMID: 33577918 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Deafness is the most common sensory disorder in the world. Ototoxic drugs are common inducing factors of sensorineural hearing loss, and cochlear hair cell (HC) damage is the main concern of the present studies. Cisplatin is a widely used, highly effective antitumor drug, but some patients have experienced irreversible hearing loss as a result of its application. This hearing loss is closely related to HC apoptosis and autophagy. U0126 is a specific inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway and has neuroprotective effects. For example, the neuroprotective effect of U0126 on ischemic stroke has been widely recognized. In neural cells, U0126 can prevent death due to excess glutamate, dopamine, or zinc ions. However, no studies of U0126 and ototoxic drug-induced injury have been reported to date. In the present study, we found that U0126 pretreatment significantly reduced the apoptosis and autophagy of HCs in auditory House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells and cochlear HCs. In addition, U0126 reduced the cisplatin-induced production of reactive oxygen species as well as the cisplatin-induced decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings suggest that U0126 may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Suming Shi
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tongli Ren
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ping Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wuqing Wang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai 200031, China.
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Luteolin Protects Pheochromocytoma (PC-12) Cells against A β 25-35-Induced Cell Apoptosis through the ER/ERK/MAPK Signalling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2861978. [PMID: 33335556 PMCID: PMC7723489 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2861978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory effect of luteolin on the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear from the perspective of apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of luteolin against Aβ 25-35-induced cell apoptosis in pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. Aβ 25-35 was used to induce an in vitro model of AD. Estradiol was used as a positive control. The PC-12 cells were incubated with luteolin alone or in combination with fulvestrant or U0126. The results showed that luteolin treatment significantly prevents Aβ 25-35-induced decrease in cell viability and inhibits Aβ 25-35-induced cell apoptosis. After the addition of fulvestrant and U0126, the apoptosis rate of PC-12 cells increased significantly. In addition, luteolin treatment significantly upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of Bax and caspase-3, whereas fulvestrant and U0126 partially reversed the effects of luteolin. Moreover, luteolin treatment upregulated the expression of ERβ and p-ERK1/2, whereas fulvestrant blocked the expression of p-ERK1/2. The study showed that luteolin could activate the ER/ERK/MAPK signalling pathway to protect PC-12 cells against Aβ 25-35-induced cell apoptosis via selectively acting on ERβ. Thus, luteolin may be considered as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for AD.
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17
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Hirata Y, Kuwabara K, Takashima M, Murai T. Hormetic Effects of Binaphthyl Phosphonothioates as Pro-oxidants and Antioxidants. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2892-2902. [PMID: 33118805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorous compounds with such a wide variety in structure, application, and biochemical activities include pesticides, herbicides, nerve agents, medicines, reagents in organic chemistry, and additives for polymers. Binaphthyl phosphono-, phosphorothioates, and their derivatives, are useful chiral catalysts for various asymmetric reactions and are expected to act as heavy metal scavengers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the neurotoxicity and biochemical properties of a new series of binaphthyl phosphonothioates called KK compounds using the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Despite negligible structural difference, the compounds exhibited differential general cytotoxic activity which was independent of acetylcholine esterase inhibition; on the other hand, all compounds tested prevented endogenous oxidative stress by suppressing generation of reactive oxygen species. Among them, KK397, KK387, KK410, and KK421 showed hormesis, i.e., biphasic dose responses to endogenous oxidative stress, characterized by beneficial effect at low dose and toxic effect at high dose. At cytotoxic concentrations, these compounds were potent radical generators and activated intracellular signaling molecules such as the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153, X-box binding protein 1, and heme oxygenase 1, which are preferentially activated by cell stress-inducing signals, including oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These findings indicated that novel binaphthyl phosphonothioates can exhibit multiple biochemical properties, functioning as antioxidants and/or pro-oxidants, depending on the concentration, and chemical modification of binaphthyl organophosphorus compounds endowed them with unique characteristics and multiple beneficial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hirata
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kuwabara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Madoka Takashima
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,NAGARAGAWA Research Center, API Co., Ltd., Gifu 502-0071, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Murai
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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18
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Heterometrus Spinifer: An Untapped Source of Anti-Tumor Molecules. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070150. [PMID: 32630812 PMCID: PMC7408436 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite intensive research, cancer incidence and mortality continue to rise. Consequently, the necessity to develop effective anti-cancer therapy is apparent. We have recently shown that the gut bacteria of animals living in polluted environments, such as crocodiles, are a potential source of novel anti-tumor molecules. To extend this work to other resilient species, we investigated the anti-tumor effects of gut bacteria of Heterometrus spinifer (a scorpion). Bacteria from the feces and gut were isolated, identified and evaluated for their anti-tumor effects. Bacterial-conditioned media was prepared in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 media, and cytotoxicity and growth inhibitory properties were examined against cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was conducted to establish the identity of the molecules. Eighteen bacteria species from the gut (HSG01-18) and ten bacteria species from feces (HSF01-10) were tested for anti-tumor effects. Bacterial-conditioned media from scorpion gut and feces exhibited significant growth inhibitory effects against HeLa cells of 66.9% and 83.8%, respectively. Microscopic analysis of cancer cells treated with conditioned media HSG12 and HSG16 revealed apoptosis-like effects. HSG12 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and HSG16 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Both conditioned media exhibited 100% growth inhibitory effects versus a selection of cancer cells, comprising cervical, breast and prostate cancer cells. LC–MS indicated the presence of 72 and 38 compounds, detected from HSG12 and HSG16, respectively. Out of these compounds, 47 were successfully identified while the remainder were unidentified and are possibly novel. This study suggests that the fecal and gut microbiota of scorpions might possess molecules with anti-cancer properties, however, further intensive research is needed to assess these expectations.
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Brown CN, Atwood DJ, Pokhrel D, Ravichandran K, Holditch SJ, Saxena S, Miyazaki M, Nemenoff R, Weiser-Evans MCM, Ljubanovic DG, Joy MS, Edelstein CL. The effect of MEK1/2 inhibitors on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and cancer growth in mice. Cell Signal 2020; 71:109605. [PMID: 32194168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In a clinically-relevant model of 4 week, low-dose cisplatin-induced AKI, mice were injected subcutaneously with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells that harbor an activating Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)G12V mutation. Phospho extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (pERK1/2) expression in kidney and tumors was decreased by the MEK1/2 inhibitors, U0126 and trametinib, that potently inhibit pERK1/2. U0126 resulted in a significant improvement in kidney function, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and tubular cell apoptosis in mice with AKI. Genes that were significantly decreased by U0126 were heat shock protein 1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and stratifin (14-3-3σ). U0126 resulted in a significant decrease in tumor weight and volume and significantly increased the chemotherapeutic effect of cisplatin. Trametinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor that is FDA-approved for the treatment of cancer, did not result in functional protection against AKI or worse AKI, but dramatically decreased tumor growth more than cisplatin. Smaller tumors in cisplatin or MEK1/2 inhibitor-treated mice were not related to changes in microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3-II), p62, cleaved caspase-3, granzyme B, or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). In summary, despite ERK inhibition by both U0126 and trametinib, only U0126 protected against AKI suggesting that the protection against AKI by U0126 was due to an off-target effect independent of ERK inhibition. The effect of U0126 to decrease AKI may be mediated by inhibition of heat shock protein 1, CDK4 or stratifin (14-3-3σ). Trametinib was more effective than cisplatin in decreasing tumor growth, but unlike cisplatin, trametinib did not cause AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn N Brown
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Univ. of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel J Atwood
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Univ. of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Deepak Pokhrel
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Univ. of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kameswaran Ravichandran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sara J Holditch
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Univ. of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sanskriti Saxena
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Univ. of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Univ. of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Raphael Nemenoff
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Univ. of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Univ. of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Melanie S Joy
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charles L Edelstein
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Univ. of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Rieber M, Gomez-Sarosi LA, Rieber MS. Nitroprusside induces melanoma ferroptosis with serum supplementation and prolongs survival under serum depletion or hypoxia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:626-632. [PMID: 32122653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When proliferating tumor cells expand to areas distant from vascular sites, poor diffusion of oxygen and nutrients occur, generating a restrictive hypoxic gradient in which susceptible tumor cells die. The heterogeneous population surviving hypoxia and metabolic starvation include de-differentiated cancer stem cells (CSC), capable of self-renewing tumor-initiating cells (TICs), or those that divide asymmetrically to produce non-tumor-initiating differentiated (NTI-D) cell progeny. Under such restrictive conditions, both populations slowly proliferate, entering quiescence or senescence, when exiting from cell cycle progression. This may drive chemoresistance and tumor recurrence, since most anti-cancer treatments target rapidly proliferating cells. PURPOSE Since persistent or additional stress may increase NTI-D cells conversion to TICs, we investigated whether nutrient depletion or hypoxia influence expression of tyrosinase, a crucial enzyme for melanin synthesis, and B16 melanoma survival, when exposed to iron-dependent cell death oxidative stress produced by the Fenton reaction, resembling ferroptosis. RESULTS -a) proliferating B16 melanoma with 10% serum-supplementation (10%S) normoxically express hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) but lose tyrosinase, in contrast to those transiently exposed to (SF) serum-free medium, in which both HIF1α and tyrosinase are co-expressed; b) in contrast to the resistance to SNP toxicity in (SF) cells with higher tyrosinase expression, those in (10%S) are killed by iron from nitroprusside/ferricyanide (SNP) irrespective of exogenous H2O2, in a reaction antagonized by the anti-oxidant and MEK inhibitor UO126; c) Moreover, under transient serum depletion, SNP cooperates with hypoxia (1.5% oxygen), prolonging B16 melanoma (SF) survival; d) the hypoxia mimetic CoCl2 inhibits proliferation-associated cyclin A, irrespective of SNP, in (10%S) cells or in transiently serum-depleted (SF) cells. However, only in the latter cells, CoCl2 but not SNP, induce loss of HIF1α and apoptosis-associated PARP cleavage; e) longer term adaptation to survive serum depletion, generates (SS) cells resistant to SNP toxicity, which aerobically co-express HIF1α and tyrosinase. In SS B16 melanoma, exogenous non-toxic 100 μM H2O2 super-induces the ratio of tyrosinase to HIF1α. However, co-treatment of SS-B16 cells with SNP plus exogenous H2O2, partly increases PARP cleavage by reciprocally decreasing tyrosinase expression. SIGNIFICANCE - These results suggest that a phenotypic plasticity in response to depletion of nutrients and/or oxygen, helps decide whether melanoma cells undergo either death by ferroptosis, or resistance to it, when challenged by the same exogenous oxidative stress (iron ± H2O2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rieber
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), CMBC, Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Apartado 21827, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela.
| | - Luis A Gomez-Sarosi
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), CMBC, Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Apartado 21827, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Mary Strasberg Rieber
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), CMBC, Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Apartado 21827, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela
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21
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Jiang W, Yan Y, Chen M, Luo G, Hao J, Pan J, Hu S, Guo P, Li W, Wang R, Zuo Y, Sun Y, Sui S, Yu W, Pan Z, Zou K, Zheng Z, Deng W, Wu X, Guo W. Aspirin enhances the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to cisplatin by abrogating the binding of NF-κB to the COX-2 promoter. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:611-627. [PMID: 31905343 PMCID: PMC6977689 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of colon cancer. Nevertheless, the unavoidability of the notable toxicity and the development of the acquired resistance severely restricted its clinical application. Aspirin and some other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been used to prevent colon tumorigenesis as chemopreventive agents. Here, we explored the possibility of aspirin as an adjuvant drug to boost the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin for colon cancer. We found that aspirin significantly enhanced the cisplatin-mediated inhibitions of cell proliferation, migration and invasion and the induction of apoptosis in colon cancer cells. The combined treatment of aspirin and cisplatin suppressed the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the EMT-related proteins, up-regulated the levels of the cleaved PARP and Bax, and blocked the PI3K/AKT and RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. In addition, we demonstrated that the enhanced effect of aspirin on the cisplatin-induced inhibition of tumor cell growth was also mediated through the suppression of the binding activity of NF-κB to the COX-2 promoter. The combination of aspirin and cisplatin effectively attenuated the translocation of NF-κB p65/p50 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and abrogated the binding of NF-κB p65/p50 to the COX-2 promoter, thereby down-regulating COX-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis. Moreover, the in vivo study also verified the enhanced anti-tumor activity of such combined therapy in colon cancer by targeting the NF-κB/COX-2 signaling. Our results provided new insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms of aspirin in sensitizing cisplatin-mediated chemotherapeutic effect in colon cancer and indicated a great potential of this combined therapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manyu Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangyu Luo
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Hao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinjin Pan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruozu Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zuo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Silei Sui
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wendan Yu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhe Pan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zongheng Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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22
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Hou B, Wang G, Gao Q, Wei Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Huo Y, Yang H, Jiang X, Xi Z. SQSTM1/p62 loss reverses the inhibitory effect of sunitinib on autophagy independent of AMPK signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11087. [PMID: 31366950 PMCID: PMC6668422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib (ST), a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of renal carcinoma. It has been reported that ST is involved in the mediation of autophagy; however, its regulatory role in the autophagic process remains controversial. Furthermore, the mechanism by which activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) negatively regulates autophagy remains nearly unexplored. In the present study, we revealed that ST inhibited AMPK activity and regulated autophagy in a cell type- and dose-dependent manner. In a number of cell lines, ST was demonstrated to inhibit H2O2-induced autophagy and the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), whereas alone it could block the autophagic flux concurrent with increased expression of p62. An immunoprecipitation assay revealed that LC3 directly interacted with p62, whereas ST increased punctate LC3 staining, which was well colocalized with p62. Taken together, we reveal a previously unnoticed pathway for ST to regulate the autophagic process, and p62, although often utilized as a substrate in autophagy, plays a critical role in regulating the inhibition of ST in both basal and induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Quan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yanjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Caining Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yange Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, Georgia, USA
| | - Huaiyi Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Zhijun Xi
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
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23
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Chen W, Peng R, Sun Y, Liu H, Zhang L, Peng H, Zhang Z. The topological key lncRNA H2k2 from the ceRNA network promotes mesangial cell proliferation in diabetic nephropathyviathe miR‐449a/b/Trim11/Mek signaling pathway. FASEB J 2019; 33:11492-11506. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900522r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Chen
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of BioinformaticsChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yan Sun
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Handeng Liu
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Luyu Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huimin Peng
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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24
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Li Z, Liu H, Xu B, Wang Y. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Interferes FATP4-Dependent Long-Chain Fatty Acid Uptake of Intestinal Epithelial Enterocytes via Phosphorylation of ERK1/2-PPARγ Pathway. Front Physiol 2019; 10:798. [PMID: 31281267 PMCID: PMC6596317 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufficient fatty acid (FA) uptake from jejunal lumen is closely associated with pediatric growth. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which poses a big threat to young mammals’ health, is also targeted on the jejunum, however, the effects on FA uptake is not understood yet. To explore the impacts of ETEC on the FA uptake ability of jejunum epithelial enterocytes during early life, we orally gavaged weaning piglets with ETEC K88 and found intestinal inflammation combined with compromised uptake of LCFA (C16:0, C18:0, C20:3, C20:4) except for C14:0 whose chain length is similar to medium chain fatty acid (MCFA). Furthermore, we observed reduced protein expression of TJs, fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and upregulated expression of p-PPARγ. In the in vitro study, we challenged polarized porcine intestine jejunum cell line IPEC-J2 with ETEC K88 and discovered similar results on intestinal barrier and expression of associated genes combined with morphological changes. Based on the constructed cellular model, we then determined lower uptake of BODIPY-labeled C16:0 without any difference in the uptake of BODIPY-labeled C12:0. The content of intracellular triglyceride which was mainly synthesized by LCFA concomitantly lowered down. Using gene knock down and overexpression, FATP4 was confirmed to be responsible for LCFA uptake. Moreover, ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 and PPARγ antagonist T0070907 revealed ETEC could initiate cascaded phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PPARγ resulting in hindered expression of FATP4. These results indicate ETEC challenge will cause dysfunction in FATP4-dependent LCFA uptake by phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PPARγ. Furthermore, intestinal uptake of MCFA is in a FATP4-independent manner which is not easily disturbed by ETEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heyuan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bocheng Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Al Dera H, Alassiri M, Eleawa SM, AlKhateeb MA, Hussein AM, Dallak M, Sakr HF, Alqahtani S, Khalil MA. Melatonin Improves Memory Deficits in Rats with Cerebral Hypoperfusion, Possibly, Through Decreasing the Expression of Small-Conductance Ca 2+-Activated K + Channels. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1851-1868. [PMID: 31187398 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the expression pattern, regulation of expression, and the role of hippocampal small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels in memory deficits after cerebral hypoperfusion (CHP) with or without melatonin treatment, in rats. Adults male Wistar rats (n = 20/group) were divided into (1) a sham (2) a sham + melatonin (3) a two-vessel occlusion (2-VO) model, and (4) a 2-VO + melatonin. Melatonin was administered (i.p.) to all rats at a daily dose of 10 mg kg-1 for 7 days starting at the time of 2-VO-induction. In contrast to 2-VO rats, melatonin increased the latency of the passive avoidance learning test and decreased time to find the hidden platform in Water Morris Test in all tested rats. In addition, it concomitantly downregulated SK1, SK2, and SK3 channels, downregulated mRNA levels of TNFα and IL-1β, enhanced BDNF levels and activity of PKA levels, and restored the levels of cholinergic markers in the hippocampi of the treated-rats. Mechanistically, melatonin significantly prevented CHP-induced activation of ERK1/2, JNK, and P38 MAPK at least by inhibiting ROS generation and enhancing the total antioxidant potential. In cultured hypoxic hippocampal neurons, individual blockage of MAPK signaling by the MEK1/2 inhibitor (U0126), but not by the P38 inhibitor (SB203580) or JNK inhibitor (SP600125), completely prevented the upregulation of all three kinds of SK channels. These data clearly confirm that upregulation of SK channels plays a role in CHP-induced memory loss and indicate that melatonin reverses memory deficits after CHP in rats, at least by, downregulation of SK1, SK2, and SK3 channels in their hippocampi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Al Dera
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine At King Saud, Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Alassiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine At King Saud, Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Eleawa
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Dept., PAAET, Adailiyah, Kuwait
| | - Mahmoud A AlKhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine At King Saud, Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaziz M Hussein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Dallak
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hussein F Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alqahtani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine At King Saud, Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Khalil
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Fahid Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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26
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Calderon-Aparicio A, Cornejo A, Orue A, Rieber M. Anticancer response to disulfiram may be enhanced by co-treatment with MEK inhibitor or oxaliplatin: modulation by tetrathiomolybdate, KRAS/BRAF mutations and c-MYC/p53 status. Ecancermedicalscience 2019; 13:890. [PMID: 30792807 PMCID: PMC6369974 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2019.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) and disulfiram (DSF) are copper (Cu) chelators in cancer clinical trials partly because Cu chelation: a) restricts the activity of Cu-binding MEK1/2 enzymes which drive tumourigenesis by KRAS or BRAF oncogenic mutations and b) enhances uptake of oxaliplatin (OxPt), clinically used in advanced KRAS-mutant colorectal carcinomas (CRC). Whereas TTM decreases intracellular Cu trafficking, DSF can reach other Cu-dependent intracellular proteins. Since the use of individual or combined Cu chelation may help or interfere with anti-cancer therapy, this study investigated whether TTM modifies the response to DSF supplemented with: 1) UO126, a known MEK1/2 inhibitor; 2) other Cu chelators like neocuproine (NC) or 1, 10-o-phenanthroline (OPT) in wt p53 melanoma cells differing in BRAF or KRAS mutations; 3) OxPt in mutant p53 CRC cells devoid of KRAS and BRAF mutations or harbouring either KRAS or BRAF mutations. TTM was not toxic against V600E-mut-BRAF A375 and G12D-mut-KRAS/high c-myc C8161 melanoma cells. Moreover, TTM protected both melanoma types from toxicity induced by DSF, NC and co-treatment with sub-lethal levels of DSF and the MEK inhibitor, UO126. Toxicity by co-treatment with DSF+OPT was poorly reversed by TTM in C8161 melanoma cells. In contrast to the greater toxicity of 0.1 μM DSF against mutant p53 CRC cells irrespective of their KRAS mutation, TTM did not protect G12V-mut-KRAS/high c-myc SW620 CRC from DSF+OxPt compared to KRAS-WT/BRAF-WT Caco-2 CRC. Our results show that DSF co-treatment with: a) MEK inhibitors may enhance tumour suppression; b) OxPt in CRC may counteract impaired response to cetuximab by KRAS/BRAF mutations and c) as a single treatment, TTM may be less effective than DSF and decreases the efficacy of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Orue
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Manuel Rieber
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.,These authors contributed equally to this work
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27
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Rencüzoğullari Ö, Arısan ED, Obakan Yerlikaya P, Çoker Gürkan A, Keskin B, Palavan Ünsal N. Inhibition of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase potentiates the apoptotic and antimetastatic effects of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors on metastatic DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5558-5569. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Özge Rencüzoğullari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus Istanbul Turkey
| | - Elif Damla Arısan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus Istanbul Turkey
| | - Pinar Obakan Yerlikaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ajda Çoker Gürkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus Istanbul Turkey
| | - Buse Keskin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus Istanbul Turkey
| | - Narçin Palavan Ünsal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus Istanbul Turkey
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28
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Elkahloun AG, Rodriguez Y, Alaiyed S, Wenzel E, Saavedra JM. Telmisartan Protects a Microglia Cell Line from LPS Injury Beyond AT1 Receptor Blockade or PPARγ Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3193-3210. [PMID: 30105672 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) Telmisartan reduces inflammation through Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation. However, in a mouse microglia-like BV2 cell line, imitating primary microglia responses with high fidelity and devoid of AT1 receptor gene expression or PPARγ activation, Telmisartan reduced gene expression of pro-injury factors, enhanced that of anti-inflammatory genes, and prevented LPS-induced increase in inflammatory markers. Using global gene expression profiling and pathways analysis, we revealed that Telmisartan normalized the expression of hundreds of genes upregulated by LPS and linked with inflammation, apoptosis and neurodegenerative disorders, while downregulating the expression of genes associated with oncological, neurodegenerative and viral diseases. The PPARγ full agonist Pioglitazone had no neuroprotective effects. Surprisingly, the PPARγ antagonists GW9662 and T0070907 were neuroprotective and enhanced Telmisartan effects. GW9226 alone significantly reduced LPS toxic effects and enhanced Telmisartan neuroprotection, including downregulation of pro-inflammatory TLR2 gene expression. Telmisartan and GW9662 effects on LPS injury negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory factors and upstream regulators, including TLR2, and positively with known neuroprotective factors and upstream regulators. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of the Telmisartan and GW9662 data revealed negative correlations with sets of genes associated with neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders and toxic treatments in cultured systems, while demonstrating positive correlations with gene sets associated with neuroprotection and kinase inhibition. Our results strongly suggest that novel neuroprotective effects of Telmisartan and GW9662, beyond AT1 receptor blockade or PPARγ activation, include downregulation of the TLR2 signaling pathway, findings that may have translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel G Elkahloun
- Microarray Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Dr, MSC 4435, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4435, USA
| | - Yara Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Seham Alaiyed
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Erin Wenzel
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Juan M Saavedra
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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29
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Cao CY, Zhang CC, Shi XW, Li D, Cao W, Yin X, Gao JM. Sarcodonin G Derivatives Exhibit Distinctive Effects on Neurite Outgrowth by Modulating NGF Signaling in PC12 Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1607-1615. [PMID: 29653489 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcodonin G, one of the cyathane diterpenoids isolated from the mushroom Sarcodon scabrosus, possesses pronounced neurotrophic activity but ambiguous mechanical understanding. In this work, sarcodonin G was chosen as a lead compound to prepare a series of 19- O-benzoyl derivatives by semisynthesis and their neuritogenic activities were evaluated. 6 and 15 (10 μM) were investigated with opposite effects in PC12 cells. 6 exhibited a superior activity to sarcodonin G by promoting NGF-induced neurite outgrowth, while 15 showed an inhibitory effect. Supportingly, 6 and 15 (20 μM) significantly induced and suppressed neurite extension in primary cultured rat cortical neurons, respectively. In mechanism, the two derivatives were revealed to influence NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells through the regulation of PKC-dependent and -independent ERK/CREB signaling as well as the upstream TrkA receptor phosphorylation. Furthermore, a possible pattern of interaction among NGF, 6/15 and TrkA was presented using molecular simulations. It revealed that 6/15 may contribute to the stabilization of the NGF-TrkAd5 complex by establishing several hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond interactions with NGF and TrkA, respectively. Taken together, 6 and 15 modulate PKC-dependent and -independent ERK/CREB signaling pathways possibly by influencing the binding affinity of NGF to the receptor TrkA, and finally regulate neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Cao
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Cheng-Chen Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Xin-Wei Shi
- Xi'an Botanical Garden , Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province , Xi'an 710061 , Shaanxi China
| | - Ding Li
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Wei Cao
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Xia Yin
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Labotory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
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30
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You R, Ho YS, Hung CHL, Liu Y, Huang CX, Chan HN, Ho SL, Lui SY, Li HW, Chang RCC. Silica nanoparticles induce neurodegeneration-like changes in behavior, neuropathology, and affect synapse through MAPK activation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:28. [PMID: 29970116 PMCID: PMC6029039 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) are naturally enriched and broadly utilized in the manufacturing industry. While previous studies have demonstrated toxicity in neuronal cell lines after SiO2-NPs exposure, the role of SiO2-NPs in neurodegeneration is largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the effects of SiO2-NPs-exposure on behavior, neuropathology, and synapse in young adult mice and primary cortical neuron cultures. Results Male C57BL/6 N mice (3 months old) were exposed to either vehicle (sterile PBS) or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-tagged SiO2-NPs (NP) using intranasal instillation. Behavioral tests were performed after 1 and 2 months of exposure. We observed decreased social activity at both time points as well as anxiety and cognitive impairment after 2 months in the NP-exposed mice. NP deposition was primarily detected in the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. Neurodegeneration-like pathological changes, including reduced Nissl staining, increased tau phosphorylation, and neuroinflammation, were also present in the brains of NP-exposed mice. Furthermore, we observed NP-induced impairment in exocytosis along with decreased synapsin I and increased synaptophysin expression in the synaptosome fractions isolated from the frontal cortex as well as primary neuronal cultures. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were also activated in the frontal cortex of NP-exposed mice. Moreover, inhibition of ERK activation prevented NP-mediated changes in exocytosis in cultured neurons, highlighting a key role in the changes induced by NP exposure. Conclusions Intranasal instillation of SiO2-NPs results in mood dysfunction and cognitive impairment in young adult mice and causes neurodegeneration-like pathology and synaptic changes via ERK activation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-018-0263-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran You
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Present address: Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Clara Hiu-Ling Hung
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chun-Xia Huang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hei-Nga Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - See-Lok Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Sheung-Yeung Lui
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hung-Wing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Rm. L4-49, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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31
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Novel oxindole derivatives prevent oxidative stress-induced cell death in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:242-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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32
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Lewerenz J, Ates G, Methner A, Conrad M, Maher P. Oxytosis/Ferroptosis-(Re-) Emerging Roles for Oxidative Stress-Dependent Non-apoptotic Cell Death in Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:214. [PMID: 29731704 PMCID: PMC5920049 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nerve cell death is the hallmark of many neurological diseases, the processes underlying this death are still poorly defined. However, there is a general consensus that neuronal cell death predominantly proceeds by regulated processes. Almost 30 years ago, a cell death pathway eventually named oxytosis was described in neuronal cells that involved glutathione depletion, reactive oxygen species production, lipoxygenase activation, and calcium influx. More recently, a cell death pathway that involved many of the same steps was described in tumor cells and termed ferroptosis due to a dependence on iron. Since then there has been a great deal of discussion in the literature about whether these are two distinct pathways or cell type- and insult-dependent variations on the same pathway. In this review, we compare and contrast in detail the commonalities and distinctions between the two pathways concluding that the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of ferroptosis and oxytosis are highly similar if not identical. Thus, we suggest that oxytosis and ferroptosis should be regarded as two names for the same cell death pathway. In addition, we describe the potential physiological relevance of oxytosis/ferroptosis in multiple neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lewerenz
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gamze Ates
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Axel Methner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
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33
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Sato SB, Sugiura M, Kurihara T. Dimer-monomer equilibrium of human HSP27 is influenced by the in-cell macromolecular crowding environment and is controlled by fatty acids and heat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1866:692-701. [PMID: 29635040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is an essential element of the proteostasis network in human cells. The HSP27 monomer coexists with the dimer, which can bind unfolded client proteins. Here, we evaluated the in-cell dimer-monomer equilibrium and its relevance to the binding of client proteins in a normal human vascular endothelial cell line. When cells were treated with a membrane-permeable crosslinker, the protein existed primarily as a free monomer (27 kDa) with a markedly smaller percentage of dimer (54 kDa), hetero-conjugates, and minor smear-like bands. When the protein was crosslinked in a cell-free lysate, two of the hetero-conjugates that were crosslinked in live cells were also detected, but the dimer and other complexes were absent. However, when cells were pretreated with fatty acid (FA) and/or heat (42.5 °C), dissociation of the dimer was selectively prevented and two types of covalently linked dimers were increased. These changes occurred most prominently in cells treated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and heat, which appeared to intensify the heat resistance of the cell. Both the formation of covalently linked dimers and heat resistance were prevented by N-acetylcysteine. By contrast, nearly all of the free monomers in the lysate converted to disulfide bond-linked dimers by a simple, long incubation at 4 °C. These results strongly suggest that the monomer-dimer equilibrium of HSP27 was inversed between the in-cell and cell-free systems. Temperature- and amphiphile-regulated dimerization was restricted probably due to the low hydration of the in-cell crowding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi B Sato
- Department of Biophysics, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Miwa Sugiura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kurihara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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34
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Feng X, Bao L, Wu M, Zhang D, Yao L, Guo Z, Yan D, Zhao P, Hao H, Wang Z. Inhibition of ERK1/2 downregulates triglyceride and palmitic acid accumulation in cashmere goat foetal fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1480486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manlin Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingping Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
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35
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How do we fit ferroptosis in the family of regulated cell death? Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1991-1998. [PMID: 28984871 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years many new cell death modalities have been described. To classify different types of cell death, the term 'regulated cell death' was introduced to discriminate it from 'accidental cell death'. Regulated cell death involves the activation of genetically encoded molecular machinery that couples the presence of some signal to cell death. These forms of cell death, like apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis have important physiological roles in development, tissue repair, and immunity. Accidental cell death occurs in response to physical or chemical insults and occurs independently of molecular signalling pathways. Ferroptosis, an emerging and recently (re)discovered type of regulated cell death occurs through Fe(II)-dependent lipid peroxidation when the reduction capacity of a cell is insufficient. Ferroptosis is coined after the requirement for free ferrous iron. Here, we will consider the extent to which ferroptosis is similar to other regulated cell deaths and explore emerging ideas about the physiological role of ferroptosis.
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36
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Prevention of oxytosis-induced c-Raf down-regulation by (arylthio)cyclopentenone prostaglandins is neuroprotective. Toxicology 2017; 390:83-87. [PMID: 28888848 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of glutamate leads to cell type specific glutathione depletion and resulting oxidative stress, known as oxytosis. As a result of glutathione depletion, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ influx are increased; however, the specific target of oxytosis has yet to be identified. In the present study, we focused on the effect of glutamate-induced oxidative stress on the extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway using the murine hippocampal HT22 cell line. Although the contribution of the ERK pathway to glutamate-induced oxytosis in HT22 cells is controversial, Western blot analysis revealed that glutamate caused down-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (c-Raf) and a resulting decrease in the phosphorylation of c-Raf, as well as of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase1/2 (MEK1/2) and ERK1/2, downstream components of the c-Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Furthermore, neuroprotective (arylthio)cyclopentenone prostaglandins prevented glutamate-induced c-Raf down-regulation and consequently maintained the basal activity of c-Raf and its downstream signaling components. A pull-down assay using biotin-labeled cyclopentenone prostaglandins revealed that they preferentially bound to c-Raf relative to other signaling molecules of the ERK pathway, including Ras, MEK1/2, and ERK. These results suggest that neuroprotective (arylthio)cyclopentenone prostaglandins directly bind to c-Raf protein and protect cells from down-regulation of the c-Raf protein itself, resulting in neuroprotection against oxidative stress.
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37
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Liao YY, Tsai HC, Chou PY, Wang SW, Chen HT, Lin YM, Chiang IP, Chang TM, Hsu SK, Chou MC, Tang CH, Fong YC. CCL3 promotes angiogenesis by dysregulation of miR-374b/ VEGF-A axis in human osteosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4310-25. [PMID: 26713602 PMCID: PMC4826207 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent bone tumor, characterized by a high metastatic potential. However, the crosstalk between chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3), which facilitates tumor progression and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), an angiogenesis inducer and a highly specific mitogen for endothelial cells, has not been well explored in human osteosarcoma. Here we demonstrate the correlation of CCL3 and VEGF-A expressions, quantified by immunohistochemistry, with the tumor stage of human osteosarcoma tissues. Furthermore, CCL3 promotes VEGF-A expression in human osteosarcoma cells that subsequently induces human endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) migration and tube formation. Phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 was found after CCL3 stimulation. In addition, JNK, ERK, and p38 inhibitors also abolished CCL3-induced VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis. We noted that CCL3 reduces the expression of miR-374b and miR-374b mimic by reversing CCL3-promoted VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. This study shows that CCL3 promotes VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis in human osteosarcoma cells by down-regulating miR-374b expression via JNK, ERK, and p38 signaling pathways. Thus, CCL3 may be a new molecular therapeutic target in osteosarcoma angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ya Liao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chou
- Department of Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Te Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Lin
- Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ping Chiang
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Keh Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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38
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Ong Q, Guo S, Duan L, Zhang K, Collier EA, Cui B. The Timing of Raf/ERK and AKT Activation in Protecting PC12 Cells against Oxidative Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153487. [PMID: 27082641 PMCID: PMC4833326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute brain injuries such as ischemic stroke or traumatic brain injury often cause massive neural death and irreversible brain damage with grave consequences. Previous studies have established that a key participant in the events leading to neural death is the excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Protecting neuronal cells by activating their endogenous defense mechanisms is an attractive treatment strategy for acute brain injuries. In this work, we investigate how the precise timing of the Raf/ERK and the AKT pathway activation affects their protective effects against oxidative stress. For this purpose, we employed optogenetic systems that use light to precisely and reversibly activate either the Raf/ERK or the AKT pathway. We find that preconditioning activation of the Raf/ERK or the AKT pathway immediately before oxidant exposure provides significant protection to cells. Notably, a 15-minute transient activation of the Raf/ERK pathway is able to protect PC12 cells against oxidant strike that is applied 12 hours later, while the transient activation of the AKT pathway fails to protect PC12 cells in such a scenario. On the other hand, if the pathways are activated after the oxidative insult, i.e. postconditioning, the AKT pathway conveys greater protective effect than the Raf/ERK pathway. We find that postconditioning AKT activation has an optimal delay period of 2 hours. When the AKT pathway is activated 30min after the oxidative insult, it exhibits very little protective effect. Therefore, the precise timing of the pathway activation is crucial in determining its protective effect against oxidative injury. The optogenetic platform, with its precise temporal control and its ability to activate specific pathways, is ideal for the mechanistic dissection of intracellular pathways in protection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunxiang Ong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
| | - Shunling Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
| | - Liting Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States of America
| | - Eleanor Ann Collier
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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Stepanenko AA, Andreieva SV, Korets KV, Mykytenko DO, Baklaushev VP, Chekhonin VP, Dmitrenko VV. mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus and MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 promote chromosomal instability and cell type-dependent phenotype changes of glioblastoma cells. Gene 2015; 579:58-68. [PMID: 26748241 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the RAF/mitogen-activated and extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways are frequently deregulated in cancer. Temsirolimus (TEM) and its primary active metabolite rapamycin allosterically block mTOR complex 1 substrate recruitment. The context-/experimental setup-dependent opposite effects of rapamycin on the multiple centrosome formation, aneuploidy, DNA damage/repair, proliferation, and invasion were reported. Similarly, the context-dependent either tumor-promoting or suppressing effects of RAF-MEK-ERK pathway and its inhibitors were demonstrated. Drug treatment-mediated stress may promote chromosomal instability (CIN), accelerating changes in the genomic landscape and phenotype diversity. Here, we characterized the genomic and phenotypic changes of U251 and T98G glioblastoma cell lines long-term treated with TEM or U0126, an inhibitor of MEK1/2. TEM significantly increased clonal and non-clonal chromosome aberrations. Both TEM and U0126 affected copy number alterations (CNAs) pattern. A proliferation rate of U251TEM and U251U0126 cells was lower and higher, respectively, than control cells. Colony formation efficiency of U251TEM significantly decreased, whereas U251U0126 did not change. U251TEM and U251U0126 cells decreased migration. In contrast, T98GTEM and T98GU0126 cells did not change proliferation, colony formation efficiency, and migration. Changes in the sensitivity of inhibitor-treated cells to the reduction of the glucose concentration were observed. Our results suggest that CIN and adaptive reprogramming of signal transduction pathways may be responsible for the cell type-dependent phenotype changes of long-term TEM- or U0126-treated tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Stepanenko
- Department of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zabolotnogo Str. 150, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine.
| | - S V Andreieva
- Department of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zabolotnogo Str. 150, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - K V Korets
- Department of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zabolotnogo Str. 150, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - D O Mykytenko
- Department of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zabolotnogo Str. 150, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - V P Baklaushev
- Department of Medicinal Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian State Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Centre, FMBA of Russia, Orekhoviy bulvar str. 28, Moscow 115682, Russia
| | - V P Chekhonin
- Department of Medicinal Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian State Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - V V Dmitrenko
- Department of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zabolotnogo Str. 150, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
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40
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Stepanenko AA, Dmitrenko VV. Pitfalls of the MTT assay: Direct and off-target effects of inhibitors can result in over/underestimation of cell viability. Gene 2015; 574:193-203. [PMID: 26260013 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The MTT assay (to a less degree MTS, XTT or WST) is a widely exploited approach for measuring cell viability/drug cytotoxicity. MTT reduction occurs throughout a cell and can be significantly affected by a number of factors, including metabolic and energy perturbations, changes in the activity of oxidoreductases, endo-/exocytosis and intracellular trafficking. Over/underestimation of cell viability by the MTT assay may be due to both adaptive metabolic and mitochondrial reprogramming of cells subjected to drug treatment-mediated stress and inhibitor off-target effects. Previously, imatinib, rottlerin, ursolic acid, verapamil, resveratrol, genistein nanoparticles and some polypeptides were shown to interfere with MTT reduction rate resulting in inconsistent results between the MTT assay and alternative assays. Here, to test the under/overestimation of viability by the MTT assay, we compared results derived from the MTT assay with the trypan blue exclusion assay after treatment of glioblastoma U251, T98G and C6 cells with three widely used inhibitors with the known direct and side effects on energy and metabolic homeostasis - temozolomide (TMZ), a DNA-methylating agent, temsirolimus (TEM), an inhibitor of mTOR kinase, and U0126, an inhibitor of MEK1/2 kinases. Inhibitors were applied shortly as in IC50 evaluating studies or long as in studies focusing on drug resistance acquisition. We showed that over/underestimation of cell viability by the MTT assay and its significance depends on a cell line, a time point of viability measurement and other experimental parameters. Furthermore, we provided a comprehensive survey of factors that should be accounted in the MTT assay. To avoid result misinterpretation, supplementation of the tetrazolium salt-based assays with other non-metabolic assays is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Stepanenko
- Department of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo str. 150, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine.
| | - V V Dmitrenko
- Department of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo str. 150, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
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41
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Yin R, Liu X, Bi Y, Xie G, Zhang P, Meng X, Ai L, Xu R, Sun Y, Stoeger T, Ding Z. Expression of Raf kinase inhibitor protein is downregulated in response to Newcastle disease virus infection to promote viral replication. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2579-2586. [PMID: 26297355 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a severe and economically significant disease affecting almost the entire poultry industry worldwide. However, factors that affect NDV replication in host cells are poorly understood. Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is a physiological inhibitor of c-RAF kinase and NF-κB signalling, known for their functions in the control of immune response as well as tumour invasion and metastasis. In the present study, we investigated the consequences of overexpression of host RKIP during viral infection. We demonstrate that NDV infection represses RKIP expression thereby promoting virus replication. Experimental upregulation of RKIP in turn acts as a potential antiviral defence mechanism in host cells that restricts NDV replication by repressing the activation of Raf/MEK/ERK and IκBα/NF-κB signalling pathways. Our results not only extend the concept of linking NDV-host interactions, but also reveal RKIP as a new class of protein-kinase-inhibitor protein that affects NDV replication with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfu Yin
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- College of Quartermaster Technology Science, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guangyao Xie
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Pingze Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Lili Ai
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Rongyi Xu
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Yuzhang Sun
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Nanjing Road 369, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, PR China
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
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