Simple three-component method for the synthesis of spiroindeno[1,2-b]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5,3'-indolines

Tetrazol-Cu(i) immobilized on nickel ferrite catalyzed green synthesis of indenopyridopyrimidine derivatives in aqueous media

After the initial study of different protocols in the synthesis of indeno[2′,1′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines, herein, a new method is presented using cheaper and more accessible starting materials to produce high-efficiency products. In this protocol, the novel nanocatalyst is very effective in the progression of the reaction and increasing the efficiency. This green approach in aqueous media has several advantages as compared with other methods, such as easier work-up, very mild reaction conditions, reusability of the catalyst, and eco-friendliness. The products of this four-component condensation were evaluated using IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR spectra, and C. H. N. analyses, and the catalyst structure was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TGA and VSM techniques.

In this protocol, a novel nanocatalyst was very effective in progression of the reaction and increasing efficiency. This green approach in aqueous media has several advantages compared with the reported methods.

Synthesis of heterocyclic scaffolds through 6-aminouracil-involved multicomponent reactions

There is a wide range of multicomponent reactions that include 6-aminouracil in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. This review highlights the advances in the use of 6-aminouracil in the synthesis of various organic compounds.

A highly efficient one-pot synthesis of indenopyridine-fused spirocyclic systems

Structurally diverse spirooxindols incorporating medicinally privileged indenopyridine moiety have been synthesized regioselectively via green multi-component reactions.

Molecular diversity of spirooxindoles. Synthesis and biological activity

Spirooxindoles are important synthetic targets possessing extended biological activity and drug discovery applications. This review focuses on the various strategies for the enantioselective synthesis of spirocyclic oxindoles relying on reports over the past decade and from earlier work. The spirooxindoles in this review are separated into three structural classes, and then further categorized into the method type from which the spirocycle is generated.

FeCl3-Catalyzed Combinatorial Synthesis of Functionalized Spiro[Indolo-3,10'-indeno [1,2-b]quinolin]-trione Derivatives

An efficient, inexpensive, environmentally friendly and high yield one-pot route to new spiro[indolo-3,10'-indeno [1,2-b]quinolin]-trione derivatives has been developed, involving three-component reaction of enaminones, N-substituted isatins and Indane-1,3-dione catalyzed by FeCl3. The approach to this spiro-heterocycle is noteworthy because it results in the formation of three new σ (two C-C and one C-N) bonds in a single operation, leading to the construction of novel spiro skeleton. This method works on a large scale in excellent yields.

A Green, Facile Approach for the Multicomponent Synthesis of Bioactive Spiro[Indoline-3,7′-Pyrrolo[1,2-c]Imidazole] Derivatives

An efficient synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,7′-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole] is achieved through a three-component reaction of isatins, malononitrile, and hydantoin/2-thiohydantoin in water catalysed by NaHCO3. All the target compounds were screened for the Cell Division Cycle 25 Phosphatase B (CDC25B) inhibitory activities.

A facile approach to the synthesis of structurally diverse 6,8a-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives via a three-component domino reaction

A concise and efficient approach to the synthesis of structurally diverse 6,8a-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives has been accomplished for the first-time by a three-component reaction involving alkylsulfonyl acetonitrile, an aromatic aldehyde, and 6-aminouracil.

Simultaneous virtual prediction of anti-Escherichia coli activities and ADMET profiles: A chemoinformatic complementary approach for high-throughput screening

Escherichia coli remains one of the principal pathogens that cause nosocomial infections, medical conditions that are increasingly common in healthcare facilities. E. coli is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics, and multidrug-resistant strains have emerged recently. Chemoinformatics has been a great ally of experimental methodologies such as high-throughput screening, playing an important role in the discovery of effective antibacterial agents. However, there is no approach that can design safer anti-E. coli agents, because of the multifactorial nature and complexity of bacterial diseases and the lack of desirable ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity) profiles as a major cause of disapproval of drugs. In this work, we introduce the first multitasking model based on quantitative-structure biological effect relationships (mtk-QSBER) for simultaneous virtual prediction of anti-E. coli activities and ADMET properties of drugs and/or chemicals under many experimental conditions. The mtk-QSBER model was developed from a large and heterogeneous data set of more than 37800 cases, exhibiting overall accuracies of >95% in both training and prediction (validation) sets. The utility of our mtk-QSBER model was demonstrated by performing virtual prediction of properties for the investigational drug avarofloxacin (AVX) under 260 different experimental conditions. Results converged with the experimental evidence, confirming the remarkable anti-E. coli activities and safety of AVX. Predictions also showed that our mtk-QSBER model can be a promising computational tool for virtual screening of desirable anti-E. coli agents, and this chemoinformatic approach could be extended to the search for safer drugs with defined pharmacological activities.

Synthesis of spiro[dihydropyridine-oxindoles] via three-component reaction of arylamine, isatin and cyclopentane-1,3-dione

A fast and convenient protocol for the synthesis of novel spiro[dihydropyridine-oxindole] derivatives in satisfactory yields was developed by the three-component reactions of arylamine, isatin and cyclopentane-1,3-dione in acetic acid at room temperature. On the other hand the condensation of isatin with two equivalents of cyclopentane-1,3-dione gave 3,3-bis(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-cyclopent-1-enyl)oxindole in high yields. The reaction mechanism and substrate scope of this novel reaction is briefly discussed.

Synthesis of 2,6'-dioxo-1',5',6',7'-tetrahydrospiro[indoline-3,4'-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine]-5'-carbonitriles via a one-pot, three-component reaction in water

A one-pot, three-component condensation reaction of an isatin, aminopyrazole, and alkyl cyanoacetate in water to give 2,6'-dioxo-1',5',6',7'-tetrahydrospiro[indoline-3,4'-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine]-5'-carbonitrile with good yields, at 90 °C, using a Et(3)N as catalyst, is described.

One-pot, three-component synthesis of a library of spirooxindole-pyrimidines catalyzed by magnetic nanoparticle supported dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid in aqueous media

Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-DDBSA) were readily prepared and identified as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of a library of spirooxindole-pyrimidine derivatives by three-component condensation reaction of barbituric acids, isatins and cyclohexane-1,3-diones. The aqueous reaction medium, easy recovery of the catalyst using an external magnet, and high yields make the protocol sustainable and economic.

An Efficient, One-Pot Synthesis of Spiro[Dihydropyridine-Oxindole] Compounds under Catalyst-Free Conditions

An efficient one-pot synthesis of the biologically important spiro[dihydropyridine-oxindole] scaffolds from isatins, 2-naphthylamine and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in poly (ethylene glycol) 400/H2O under catalyst-free conditions is described. The reaction is free of catalysts and toxic solvents, operates under neutral conditions and allows for ease of product isolation, making it more environmentally friendly and suitable for large-scale operations.