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Zhou B, Guo X, Yang N, Huang Z, Huang L, Fang Z, Zhang C, Li L, Yu C. Surface engineering strategies of gold nanomaterials and their applications in biomedicine and detection. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5583-5598. [PMID: 34161402 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00181g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanomaterials have potential applications in biosensors and biomedicine due to their controllable synthesis steps, high biocompatibility, low toxicity and easy surface modification. However, there are still various limitations including low water solubility and stability, which greatly affect their applications. In addition, some synthetic methods are very complicated and costly. Therefore, huge efforts have been made to improve their properties. This review mainly introduces the strategies for surface modification of gold nanomaterials, such as amines, biological small molecules and organic small molecules as well as the biological applications of these functionalized AuNPs. We aim to provide effective ideas for better functionalization of gold nanomaterials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiaolu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Naidi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhongxi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lihua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhijie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.
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2
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Saxena S, Kandasubramanian B. Glycopolymers in molecular recognition, biomimicking and glycotechnology: a review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1900181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shatakshi Saxena
- Centre for Converging Technologies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Pune, India
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3
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Zhang W, Wu Y, Liu L, Xiao X, Cong Z, Shao N, Qiao Z, Chen K, Liu S, Zhang H, Ji Z, Shao X, Dai Y, He H, Xia J, Fei J, Liu R. The membrane-targeting mechanism of host defense peptides inspiring the design of polypeptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles exhibiting effective antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5092-5101. [PMID: 34128037 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00533b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are a grand challenge to global medical and health systems. Therefore, it is urgent to develop versatile antibacterial strategies that can combat bacterial resistance without displaying toxicity. Here, we synthesize antibacterial polypeptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles that exhibit potent antibacterial activities against clinically isolated multiple drug resistance Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and excellent in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. The antibacterial mechanism study indicates that over-production of reactive oxygen species results in the killing of bacteria. The overall antibacterial performance of these polypeptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles and the convenient synthesis of these polypeptides via lithium hexamethyldisilazide-initiated fast ring-opening polymerization on α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride imply the potential application of this strategy in treating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yueming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Longqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ximian Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihao Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ning Shao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhongqian Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhemin Ji
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shao
- Shanghai Ruijin Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai 200023, China
| | - Yidong Dai
- Shanghai Ruijin Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai 200023, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. and Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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4
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Couturaud B, Georgiou PG, Varlas S, Jones JR, Arno MC, Foster JC, O'Reilly RK. Poly(Pentafluorophenyl Methacrylate)-Based Nano-Objects Developed by Photo-PISA as Scaffolds for Post-Polymerization Functionalization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800460. [PMID: 30062711 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of a functional fluorine-containing block copolymer using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer dispersion polymerization in DMSO as a "platform/scaffold" is explored. The nanostructures, comprised of poly(ethyleneglycol)-b-poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate) or PEG-b-P(PFMA), are formulated via photo-initiated polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) followed by post-polymerization modification using different primary amines. A combination of light scattering and microscopy techniques are used to characterize the resulting morphologies. It is found that upon varying the degree of polymerization of the core-forming block of PFMA, only uniform spheres (with textured surfaces) are obtained. These nanostructures are subsequently modified by cross-linking using a non-responsive and a redox-responsive diamine, thus imparting stability to the particles in water. In response to intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration, destabilization of the micelles occurs as evidenced by dynamic light scattering. The well-defined size, inherent reactivity of the nanoparticles toward nucleophiles, and GSH-responsiveness of the nanospheres make them ideal scaffolds for drug delivery to intracellular compartments with reductive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Couturaud
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Panagiotis G Georgiou
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Spyridon Varlas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joseph R Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maria C Arno
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jeffrey C Foster
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
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5
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Rossner C, Letofsky-Papst I, Fery A, Lederer A, Kothleitner G. Thermoreversible Surface Polymer Patches: A Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8622-8628. [PMID: 29958497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid core-shell type nanoparticles from gold nanoparticle cores and poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) shells were investigated with regard to their structural plasticity. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used to synthesize well-defined polymers that can be readily anchored onto the gold nanoparticle surface. The polymer shell morphologies were directly visualized in their native solution state at high resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and the microscopic results were further corroborated by dynamic light scattering. Different environmental conditions and brush architectures are covered by our experiments, which leads to distinct thermally induced responses. These responses include constrained dewetting of the nanoparticle surface at temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide), leading to surface polymer patches. This effect provides a novel approach toward breaking the symmetry of nanoparticle interactions, and we show first evidence for its impact on the formation of colloidal superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Fery
- Cluster of Excellence Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
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6
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Pereira SO, Barros-Timmons A, Trindade T. Polymer@gold Nanoparticles Prepared via RAFT Polymerization for Opto-Biodetection. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E189. [PMID: 30966225 PMCID: PMC6415202 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been used in several biological applications, which include the exploitation of size- and shape-dependent Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) in biosensing devices. In order to obtain functional and stable Au NPs in a physiological medium, surface modification and functionalization are crucial steps in these endeavors. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization meets this need offering the possibility of control over the composition and architecture of polymeric shells coating Au NPs. Furthermore, playing with a careful choice of monomers, RAFT polymerization allows the possibility to design a polymer shell with the desired functional groups aiming at Au based nanocomposites suitable for biorecognition and biotargeting. This review provides important aspects concerning the synthesis and optical properties of Au NPs as well as concepts of RAFT polymerization. Understanding these concepts is crucial to appreciate the chemical strategies available towards RAFT-polymer coated Au core-shell nanostructures, which are here reviewed. Finally, examples of applications in opto-biodetection devices are provided and the potential of responsive "smart" nanomaterials based on such structures can be applied to other biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia O Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Barros-Timmons
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tito Trindade
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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7
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Richards SJ, Isufi K, Wilkins LE, Lipecki J, Fullam E, Gibson MI. Multivalent Antimicrobial Polymer Nanoparticles Target Mycobacteria and Gram-Negative Bacteria by Distinct Mechanisms. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:256-264. [PMID: 29195272 PMCID: PMC5761047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance to traditional small-molecule drugs, cationic antimicrobial polymers are appealing targets. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a particular problem, with multi- and total drug resistance spreading and more than a billion latent infections globally. This study reports nanoparticles bearing variable densities of poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and the unexpected and distinct mechanisms of action this multivalent presentation imparts against Escherichia coli versus Mycobacterium smegmatis (model of M. tuberculosis), leading to killing or growth inhibition, respectively. A convergent "grafting to" synthetic strategy was used to assemble a 50-member nanoparticle library, and using a high-throughput screen identified that only the smallest (2 nm) particles were stable in both saline and complex cell media. Compared with the linear polymers, the nanoparticles displayed two- and eight-fold enhancements in antimicrobial activity against M. smegmatis and E. coli, respectively. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the antimicrobial particles were bactericidal against E. coli due to rapid disruption of the cell membranes. Conversely, against M. smegmatis the particles did not lyse the cell membrane but rather had a bacteriostatic effect. These results demonstrate that to develop new polymeric antituberculars the widely assumed, broad spectrum, membrane-disrupting mechanism of polycations must be re-evaluated. It is clear that synthetic nanomaterials can engage in more complex interactions with mycobacteria, which we hypothesize is due to the unique cell envelope at the surface of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Klea Isufi
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E. Wilkins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Lipecki
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Fullam
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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8
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Li Y, Wang J, Zhao F, Bai B, Nie G, Nel AE, Zhao Y. Nanomaterial libraries and model organisms for rapid high-content analysis of nanosafety. Natl Sci Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Safety analysis of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) presents a formidable challenge regarding environmental health and safety, due to their complicated and diverse physicochemical properties. Although large amounts of data have been published regarding the potential hazards of these materials, we still lack a comprehensive strategy for their safety assessment, which generates a huge workload in decision-making. Thus, an integrated approach is urgently required by government, industry, academia and all others who deal with the safe implementation of nanomaterials on their way to the marketplace. The rapid emergence and sheer number of new nanomaterials with novel properties demands rapid and high-content screening (HCS), which could be performed on multiple materials to assess their safety and generate large data sets for integrated decision-making. With this approach, we have to consider reducing and replacing the commonly used rodent models, which are expensive, time-consuming, and not amenable to high-throughput screening and analysis. In this review, we present a ‘Library Integration Approach’ for high-content safety analysis relevant to the ENMs. We propose the integration of compositional and property-based ENM libraries for HCS of cells and biologically relevant organisms to be screened for mechanistic biomarkers that can be used to generate data for HCS and decision analysis. This systematic approach integrates the use of material and biological libraries, automated HCS and high-content data analysis to provide predictions about the environmental impact of large numbers of ENMs in various categories. This integrated approach also allows the safer design of ENMs, which is relevant to the implementation of nanotechnology solutions in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiye Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - André E Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Kang M, Ahn MS, Lee Y, Jeong KH. Bioplasmonic Alloyed Nanoislands Using Dewetting of Bilayer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37154-37159. [PMID: 28949500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Unlike monometallic materials, bimetallic plasmonic materials offer extensive benefits such as broadband tuning capability or high environmental stability. Here we report a broad range tuning of plasmon resonance of alloyed nanoislands by using solid-state dewetting of gold and silver bilayer thin films. Thermal dewetting after successive thermal evaporation of thin metal double-layer films readily forms AuAg-alloyed nanoislands with a precise composition ratio. The complete miscibility of alloyed nanoislands results in programmable tuning of plasmon resonance wavelength in a broadband visible range. Such extraordinary tuning capability opens up a new direction for plasmonic enhancement in biophotonic applications such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering or plasmon-enhanced fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Kang
- Smart Healthcare & Device Research Center, Samsung Medical Center , 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), SungKyunKwan University , 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Su Ahn
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseop Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Jeong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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10
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Highly Stabilized Core-Satellite Gold Nanoassemblies in Vivo: DNA-Directed Self-Assembly, PEG Modification and Cell Imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8553. [PMID: 28819188 PMCID: PMC5561241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Au nanoparticles (NPs) have important applications in bioimaging, clinical diagnosis and even therapy due to its water-solubility, easy modification and drug-loaded capability, however, easy aggregation of Au NPs in normal saline and serum greatly limits its applications. In this work, highly stabilized core-satellite Au nanoassemblies (CSAuNAs) were constructed by a hierarchical DNA-directed self-assembly strategy, in which satellite Au NPs number could be effectively tuned through varying the ratios of core-AuNPs-ssDNA and satellite-AuNPs-ssDNAc. It was especially interesting that PEG-functionalized CSAuNAs (PEG-CSAuNAs) could not only bear saline solution but also resist the enzymatic degradation in fetal calf serum. Moreover, cell targeting and imaging indicated that the PEG-CSAuNAs had promising biotargeting and bioimaging capability. Finally, fluorescence imaging in vivo revealed that PEG-CSAuNAs modified with N-acetylation chitosan (CSNA) could be selectively accumulate in the kidneys with satisfactory renal retention capability. Therefore, the highly stabilized PEG-CSAuNAs open a new avenue for its applications in vivo.
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11
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Ieong NS, Biggs CI, Walker M, Gibson MI. Comparison of RAFT derived Poly(vinylpyrolidone) verses Poly(oligoethyleneglycol methacrylate) for the Stabilization of Glycosylated Gold Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART A, POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2017; 55:1200-1208. [PMID: 29225417 PMCID: PMC5718293 DOI: 10.1002/pola.28481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates dictate many biological processes including infection by pathogens. Glycosylated polymers and nanomaterials which have increased affinity due to the cluster glycoside effect, are therefore useful tools to probe function, but also as prophylactic therapies or diagnostic tools. Here, the effect of polymer structure on the coating of gold nanoparticles is studied in the context of grafting density, buffer stability and in a lectin binding assay. RAFT polymerization is used to generate poly(oligoethyleneglycol methacrylates) and poly(N-vinyl pyrolidones) with a thiol end-group for subsequent immobilization onto the gold. It is observed that poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylates), despite being widely used particle coatings, lead to low grafting densities which in turn resulted in lower stability in biological buffers. A depression of the cloud point upon nanoparticle immobilization is also seen, which might compromise performance. In comparison poly(vinyl pyrolidones) resulted in stable particles with higher grafting densities due to the compact size of each monomer unit. The higher grafting density also enabled an increase in the number of carbohydrates which can be installed per nanoparticle at the chain ends, and gave increased binding in a lectin recognition assay. These results will guide the development of new nanoparticle biosensors with enhanced specificity, affinity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Sze Ieong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Caroline I. Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mark Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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12
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Serkhacheva NS, Smirnov OI, Tolkachev AV, Prokopov NI, Plutalova AV, Chernikova EV, Kozhunova EY, Khokhlov AR. Synthesis of amphiphilic copolymers based on acrylic acid, fluoroalkyl acrylates and n-butyl acrylate in organic, aqueous–organic, and aqueous media via RAFT polymerization. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03203j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic and amphiphilic polymeric trithiocarbonates based on polyacrylic acid are able to provide polymerization-induced self-assembly in copolymerization of butyl and fluoroalkyl acrylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Serkhacheva
- Moscow Technological University
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - O. I. Smirnov
- Moscow Technological University
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - A. V. Tolkachev
- Moscow Technological University
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
| | - N. I. Prokopov
- Moscow Technological University
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - A. V. Plutalova
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - E. V. Chernikova
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - E. Yu. Kozhunova
- Faculty of Physics
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - A. R. Khokhlov
- Faculty of Physics
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
- Institute of Advanced Energy Related Nanomaterials
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13
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Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers respond to a variety of external stimuli, which include optical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, redox, pH, chemical, environmental and biological signals. This paper is concerned with the process of forming such polymers by RAFT polymerization.
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14
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Anspach L, Unger RE, Gibson MI, Klok HA, Kirkpatrick CJ, Freese C. Impact of polymer-modified gold nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells: exclusion of endoplasmic reticulum stress as a potential risk factor. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1341-50. [PMID: 27492761 PMCID: PMC5166978 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1214761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A library of polymer-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) differing in size and surface modifications was examined for uptake and induction of cellular stress responses in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress) in human brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). ER stress is known to affect the physiology of endothelial cells (ECs) and may lead to inflammation or apoptosis. Thus, even if applied at non-cytotoxic concentrations ER stress caused by nanoparticles should be prevented to reduce the risk of vascular diseases and negative effects on the integrity of barriers (e.g. blood-brain barrier). We exposed hCMEC/D3 to twelve different AuNPs (three sizes: 18, 35, and 65 nm, each with four surface-modifications) for various times and evaluated their effects on cytotoxicity, proinflammatory mediators, barrier functions and factors involved in ER stress. We demonstrated a time-dependent uptake of all AuNPs and no cytotoxicity for up to 72 h of exposure. Exposure to certain AuNPs resulted in a time-dependent increase in the proinflammatory markers IL-8, MCP-1, sVCAM, sICAM. However, none of the AuNPs induced an increase in expression of the chaperones and stress sensor proteins BiP and GRP94, respectively, or the transcription factors ATF4 and ATF6. Furthermore, no upregulation of the UPR stress sensor receptor PERK, no active splicing product of the transcription factor XBP1 and no upregulation of the transcription factor CHOP were detectable. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that effects of different-sized gold nanoparticles modified with various polymers were not related to the induction of ER stress in brain microvascular endothelial cells or led to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Anspach
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ronald E. Unger
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C. James Kirkpatrick
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Freese
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Mainz, Germany
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15
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Biggs CI, Walker M, Gibson MI. "Grafting to" of RAFTed Responsive Polymers to Glass Substrates by Thiol-Ene and Critical Comparison to Thiol-Gold Coupling. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2626-33. [PMID: 27409356 PMCID: PMC4979048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface-grafted polymers have been widely applied to modulate biological interfaces and introduce additional functionality. Polymers derived from reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization have a masked thiol at the ω-chain end providing an anchor point for conjugation and in particular displays high affinity for gold surfaces (both flat and particulate). In this work, we report the direct grafting of RAFTed polymers by a "thiol-ene click" (Michael addition) onto glass substrates rather than gold, which provides a more versatile surface for subsequent array-based applications but retains the simplicity. The immobilization of two thermoresponsive polymers are studied here, poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (pOEGMA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM). Using a range of surface analysis techniques the grafting efficiency was compared to thiol-gold and was quantitatively compared to the gold alternative using quartz crystal microbalance. It is shown that this method gives easy access to grafted polymer surfaces with pNIPAM resulting in significantly increased surface coverage compared to pOEGMA. The nonfouling (protein resistance) character of these surfaces is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline I. Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, Warwick Medical School, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Warwick Medical School, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Warwick Medical School, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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16
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Luan B, Friedrich T, Zhai J, Streltsov VA, Lindsey BW, Kaslin J, de Jonge MD, Zhu J, Hughes TC, Hao X. A library of AuNPs modified by RAFT polymers of different charge and chain length: high throughput synthesis and synchrotron XFM imaging using a zebrafish larvae model. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02801b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A PAuNPs library was constructed via high throughput methods and PAuNPs were visualized in PAuNPs injected zebrafish larvae by synchrotron XFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Luan
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Timo Friedrich
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jan Kaslin
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | | | - Jin Zhu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
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17
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Degger N, Tse ACK, Wu RSS. Silver nanoparticles disrupt regulation of steroidogenesis in fish ovarian cells. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 169:143-151. [PMID: 26546908 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the influx of silver nanoparticles (nAg) into the marine environment, their effects on fish reproduction remain completely unexplored. Using ovarian primary cells from marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma), in vitro studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of two differently coated nAg particles (Oleic Acid, (OA) nAg and Polyvinylpyrrolidone, (PVP) nAg) on fish ovarian tissues, using AgNO3 as a positive control. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay and expression of key genes regulating steroidogenesis (StAR, CYP 19a, CYP 11a, 3βHSD and 20βHSD) were determined by Q-RT-PCR. EC50 values for PVP nAg, OA nAg and AgNO3 were 7.25μgL(-1), 924.4μgL(-1), and 42.0μgL(-1) respectively, showing that toxicity of silver was greatly enhanced in the PVP coated nano-form. Down regulation of CYP 19a was observed in both nAg and AgNO3 treatments, while down regulation of 3βHSD was only found in the OA nAg and AgNO3 treatments. For the first time, our results demonstrated that nAg can affect specific genes regulating steroidogenesis, implicating nAg as a potential endocrine disruptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Degger
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Anna C K Tse
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Rudolf S S Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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18
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Das A, Theato P. Activated Ester Containing Polymers: Opportunities and Challenges for the Design of Functional Macromolecules. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1434-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Institute
for Technical and
Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute
for Technical and
Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Wilkins LE, Phillips DJ, Deller RC, Davies GL, Gibson MI. Synthesis and characterisation of glucose-functional glycopolymers and gold nanoparticles: study of their potential interactions with ovine red blood cells. Carbohydr Res 2015; 405:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Rossner C, Vana P. Nanocomposites and Self-Assembled Structures via Controlled Radical Polymerization. CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION AT AND FROM SOLID SURFACES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization from Surfaces. CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION AT AND FROM SOLID SURFACES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Phillips DJ, Davies GL, Gibson MI. Siderophore-inspired nanoparticle-based biosensor for the selective detection of Fe3+. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:270-275. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01501k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Au nanoparticles modified with catechol-functionalised polymers provide a strong optical response which is highly specific to Fe3+ ions at physiologically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Warwick Medical School
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23
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Evaluation of gold nanoparticles toxicity towards human endothelial cells under static and flow conditions. Microvasc Res 2014; 97:147-55. [PMID: 25446009 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A new in vitro model system, adding advection and shear stress associated with a flowing medium, is proposed for the investigation of nanoparticles uptake and toxicity towards endothelial cells, since these processes are normally present when nanoparticles formulations are intravenously administered. In this model system, mechanical forces normally present in vivo, such as advection and shear stress were applied and carefully controlled by growing human umbilical vein endothelial cells inside a microfluidic device and continuously infusing gold nanoparticle (Au NPs) solution in the device. The tests performed in the microfluidic device were also run in multiwells, where no flow is present, so as to compare the two model systems and evaluate if gold nanoparticles toxicity differs under static and flow culture conditions. Full characterization of Au NPs in water and in culture medium was accomplished by standard methods. Two-photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy was also employed to map the flow speed of Au NPs in the microfluidic device and characterize Au NPs before and after interactions with the cells. Au NPs uptake in both in vitro systems was investigated through electron and fluorescence microscopy and ICP-AES, and NPs toxicity measured through standard bio-analytical tests. Comparison between experiments run in multiwells and in microfluidic device plays a pivotal role for the investigation of nanoparticle-cell interaction and toxicity assessment: our work showed that administration of equal concentrations of Au NPs under flow conditions resulted in a reduced sedimentation of nanoparticle aggregates onto the cells and lower cytotoxicity with respect to experiments run in ordinary static conditions (multiwells).
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24
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Duong HTT, Adnan NNM, Barraud N, Basuki JS, Kutty SK, Jung K, Kumar N, Davis TP, Boyer C. Functional gold nanoparticles for the storage and controlled release of nitric oxide: applications in biofilm dispersal and intracellular delivery. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5003-5011. [PMID: 32261833 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00632a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (size 10 nm) were designed to store and release nitric oxide (NO), by functionalizing their surfaces with functional polymers modified with NO-donor molecules. Firstly, block copolymer chains consisting of poly(oligoethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate)-b-poly(vinyl benzyl chloride) (P(OEGMA)-b-PVBC)) were prepared using RAFT polymerization. The chloro-functional groups were then reacted with hexylamine, to introduce secondary amine groups to the copolymer chains. The block copolymers were then grafted onto the surface of gold nanoparticles, exploiting the end-group affinity for gold - attaining grafting densities of 0.6 chain per nm2. The secondary amine functional groups were then converted to N-diazeniumdiolate NO donor molecules via exposure to NO gas at high pressure (5 atm). The NO-bearing, gold nanoparticles were characterized using a range of techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nanoparticles displayed slow release of the nitric oxide in biological media. Proof of potential utility was then demonstrated in two different application areas: Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm dispersal and cancer cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien T T Duong
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052.
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25
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Cao-Milán R, Liz-Marzán LM. Gold nanoparticle conjugates: recent advances toward clinical applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:741-52. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.891582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Lu J, Zhang W, Richards SJ, Gibson MI, Chen G. Glycopolymer-coated gold nanorods synthesised by a one pot copper(0) catalyzed tandem RAFT/click reaction. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01526b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Li X, Bao M, Weng Y, Yang K, Zhang W, Chen G. Glycopolymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles: shape-controlled synthesis and cellular uptake. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5569-5575. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00852a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Serum-stable glyco-nanoparticles with controlled shape were easily obtained and exhibit shape-dependent cell uptake behaviors as well as enhanced activity toward specific lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Meimei Bao
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Weng
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
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28
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Basuki JS, Duong HTT, Macmillan A, Whan R, Boyer C, Davis TP. Polymer-Grafted, Nonfouling, Magnetic Nanoparticles Designed to Selectively Store and Release Molecules via Ionic Interactions. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401171d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas P. Davis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville,
VIC 3052, Australia
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29
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Ebeling B, Vana P. RAFT-Polymers with Single and Multiple Trithiocarbonate Groups as Uniform Gold-Nanoparticle Coatings. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4008626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Ebeling
- Institut für Physikalische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstr. 6, D-37077,
Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Vana
- Institut für Physikalische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstr. 6, D-37077,
Göttingen, Germany
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30
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Freese C, Uboldi C, Gibson MI, Unger RE, Weksler BB, Romero IA, Couraud PO, Kirkpatrick CJ. Uptake and cytotoxicity of citrate-coated gold nanospheres: Comparative studies on human endothelial and epithelial cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012; 9:23. [PMID: 22759355 PMCID: PMC3407003 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for diagnostic applications and for drug and gene-delivery is currently under intensive investigation. For such applications, biocompatibility and the absence of cytotoxicity of AuNPs is essential. Although generally considered as highly biocompatible, previous in vitro studies have shown that cytotoxicity of AuNPs in certain human epithelial cells was observed. In particular, the degree of purification of AuNPs (presence of sodium citrate residues on the particles) was shown to affect the proliferation and induce cytotoxicity in these cells. To expand these studies, we have examined if the effects are related to nanoparticle size (10, 11 nm, 25 nm), to the presence of sodium citrate on the particles' surface or they are due to a varying degree of internalization of the AuNPs. Since two cell types are present in the major barriers to the outside in the human body, we have also included endothelial cells from the vasculature and blood brain barrier. Results Transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that the internalized gold nanoparticles are located within vesicles. Increased cytotoxicity was observed after exposure to AuNPs and was found to be concentration-dependent. In addition, cell viability and the proliferation of both endothelial cells decreased after exposure to gold nanoparticles, especially at high concentrations. Moreover, in contrast to the size of the particles (10 nm, 11 nm, 25 nm), the presence of sodium citrate on the nanoparticle surface appeared to enhance these effects. The effects on microvascular endothelial cells from blood vessels were slightly enhanced compared to the effects on brain-derived endothelial cells. A quantification of AuNPs within cells by ICP-AES showed that epithelial cells internalized a higher quantity of AuNPs compared to endothelial cells and that the quantity of uptake is not correlated with the amount of sodium citrate on the nanoparticles’ surface. Conclusions In conclusion the higher amount of citrate on the particle surface resulted in a higher impairment of cell viability, but did not enhance or reduce the uptake behavior in endothelial or epithelial cells. In addition, epithelial and endothelial cells exhibited different uptake behaviors for citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles, which might be related to different interactions occurring at the nanoparticle-cell-surface interface. The different uptake in epithelial cells might explain the higher reduction of proliferation of these cells after exposure to AuNPs treatment although more detailed investigations are necessary to determine subcellular events. Nevertheless an extrinsic effect of sodium-citrate stabilized particles could not be excluded. Thus, the amount of sodium citrate should be reduced to a level on which the stability of the particles and the safety for biomedical applications are guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Freese
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, 55101, Germany.
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31
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Freese C, Gibson MI, Klok HA, Unger RE, Kirkpatrick CJ. Size- and Coating-Dependent Uptake of Polymer-Coated Gold Nanoparticles in Primary Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1533-43. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300248u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Freese
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse
1, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station
12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Warwick, Institute of Chemistry,
Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station
12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ronald E. Unger
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse
1, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - C. James Kirkpatrick
- REPAIR-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse
1, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
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32
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Saaka Y, Deller RC, Rodger A, Gibson MI. Exploiting Thermoresponsive Polymers to Modulate Lipophilicity: Interactions With Model Membranes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:779-84. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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33
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Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH. Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 825] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a third update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669) and the second in December 2009 (Aust. J. Chem. 2009, 62, 1402). This review cites over 700 publications that appeared during the period mid 2009 to early 2012 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization which include reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and a diverse range of applications. This period has witnessed further significant developments, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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34
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Beija M, Li Y, Duong HT, Laurent S, Elst LV, Muller RN, Lowe AB, Davis TP, Boyer C. Polymer–gold nanohybrids with potential use in bimodal MRI/CT: enhancing the relaxometric properties of Gd(iii) complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34999j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Boyer C, Whittaker M, Davis TP. Synthesis and postfunctionalization of well-defined star polymers via “double” click chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Ieong NS, Brebis K, Daniel LE, O'Reilly RK, Gibson MI. The critical importance of size on thermoresponsive nanoparticle transition temperatures: gold and micelle-based polymer nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11627-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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