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Singh K, Sharma S, Tyagi R, Sagar R. Recent progress in the synthesis of natural product inspired bioactive glycohybrids. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108975. [PMID: 37871479 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a basic structural component that are indispensable to all cellular processes. In addition to being employed as chiral starting materials in the synthesis of a variety of natural products, carbohydrates are recognized as naturally occurring molecules having an enormous variety of functional, stereochemical, and structural properties. The understanding and biological roles of carbohydrate derived molecules can be greatly improved by selectively synthesizing functional carbohydrates through incorporating them with privileged scaffolds. For a deeper understanding of their roles and the development of functional materials based on sugar, it is crucial to develop new techniques for efficiently synthesizing, functionalizing, and modifying carbohydrates. Glycohybrids have a wide range of structural and functional characteristics along with protein-carbohydrate interactions that are crucial to mammalian biology and a number of disease states. This review, consisting the literature from January 2017 to July 2023 and provide an overview of recent developments in the chemical synthesis of glycohybrids based on natural product scaffolds of coumarin, quinolone, naphthalene diimide, indole, isatin, naphthoquinone, imidazole and pyrimidine. The biological activity of active glycohybrids are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Singh
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Gordon CP, Tadros J, Dankers C, Jurisinec A, Menti M, Aldrich-Wright J. A Comparison of Immobilised Triphenylphosphine and 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole as Mediators of Catch-and-Release Acylation Under Flow Conditions. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101308. [PMID: 35048529 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is a comparative study of immobilised triphenylphosphine (PS-PPh3) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (PS-HOBt) to mediate amide couplings under continuous flow. Compared to Appel-type amidations (PS-PPh3), the developed 'catch-and-release' approach (PS-HOBt) afforded near-quantitative amide conversions. Utilising this strategy, sulfonyl chloride amenability enabled facile access to an expanded library of sulfonate and sulfonamides. Post-constructional peptide modification was also demonstrated, affording two Nβ-functionalised pentapeptides in high yields and purities. In contrast to frequently utilised coupling agents, the PS-HOBt resin could be recycled six times without a reduction in efficacy or regeneration requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Peter Gordon
- Western Sydney University, School of Science and Health, Goldsmith Ave, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia, 2560, Campbelltown, AUSTRALIA
| | - Joseph Tadros
- Western Sydney University, School of Science and Health, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Ashley Jurisinec
- Western Sydney University, School of Science and Health, AUSTRALIA
| | - Maria Menti
- Western Sydney University, School of Science and Health, AUSTRALIA
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Scala A, Piperno A, Micale N, Christ F, Debyser Z. Synthesis and Anti-HIV Profile of a Novel Tetrahydroindazolylbenzamide Derivative Obtained by Oxazolone Chemistry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:398-401. [PMID: 30996769 PMCID: PMC6466547 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
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A new
tetrahydroindazolylbenzamide derivative has been synthesized, characterized,
and evaluated as HIV-inhibitor. The biological data revealed the ability
to inhibit HIV proliferation with low cytotoxicity allowing for significant
selectivity (EC50 2.77 μM; CC50 118.7
μM; SI = 68). The compound did not inhibit the viral integrase
as demonstrated by in vitro studies. QPCR experiments
showed that the block of viral replication occurred at early replication
steps, prior to integration, profiling it as a late reverse transcription
inhibitor. An efficient multistep strategy was adopted for the synthesis
of the scaffold, consisting of a sequential ring-opening reaction
of oxazol-5-(4H)-one with 1,3-diketone, followed
by cyclocondensation with hydrazine and hydrolysis of the nitrile
to the desired carboxamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Scala
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, Messina I-98166, Italy
| | - Anna Piperno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, Messina I-98166, Italy
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, Messina I-98166, Italy
| | - Frauke Christ
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, UZ St. Rafael, Kapucijnenvoer 33, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, UZ St. Rafael, Kapucijnenvoer 33, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Mishnev A, Mengots A, Turks M. Crystal structure of 3,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetra-hydro-1 H-indazol-7-aminium chloride and its monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2017; 73:1931-1936. [PMID: 29250418 PMCID: PMC5730255 DOI: 10.1107/s205698901701667x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The title compounds, C15H19N4O+·Cl- and C15H19N4O+·Cl-·H2O, obtained in attempts to synthesize metal complexes using tetra-hydro-indazole as a ligand, were characterized by NMR, IR and X-ray diffraction techniques. The partially saturated ring in the tetra-hydro-indazole core adopts a sofa conformation. An intra-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bond formed by the protonated amino group and the N atom of the pyridyl substituent is found in the first structure. In the hydro-chloride, the organic moieties are linked by two N-H⋯Cl- hydrogen bonds, forming a C(4) graph-set. In the hydrate crystal, a Cl- anion and a water mol-ecule assemble the moieties into infinite bands showing hydrogen-bond patterns with graph sets C(6), R64(12) and R42(8). Organic moieties form π-π stacked supra-molecular structures running along the b axis in both structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Mishnev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Alvis Mengots
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Māris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga LV-1048, Latvia
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Baji Á, Kovács F, Mótyán G, Schneider G, Wölfling J, Sinka I, Zupkó I, Ocsovszki I, Frank É. Investigation of pH and substituent effects on the distribution ratio of novel steroidal ring D- and A-fused arylpyrazole regioisomers and evaluation of their cell-growth inhibitory effects in vitro. Steroids 2017; 126:35-49. [PMID: 28803210 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel androstanopyrazoles have been efficiently synthesized from steroidal β-ketoaldehydes with different arylhydrazine hydrochlorides both under acidic and basic conditions. Knorr-type transformations of 16-hydroxymethylene-dehydroepiandrosterone containing its 1,3-dicarbonyl moiety on ring D, proved to be regioselective in pyridine at room temperature, while mixtures of regioisomers were obtained in acidic EtOH under reflux. Contrarily, the cyclocondensation reactions of 2-hydroxymethylene-dihydrotestosterone bearing its reactive functionalities on ring A, led to a mixture of pyrazole regioisomers in varying ratio depending on the applied medium. The regioisomeric distribution was found to depend on the electronic character of the substituent of the phenylhydrazine applied. After separating the related isomers by column chromatography, they were subjected to in vitro pharmacological studies to investigate their antiproliferative activities against three human breast malignant cell lines (MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231). Flow cytometry revealed that the most potent agents elicited a cell cycle disturbance on MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Baji
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Kovács
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergő Mótyán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Schneider
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Izabella Sinka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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Efficient synthesis of highly substituted tetrahydroindazolone derivatives. Mol Divers 2015; 19:473-80. [PMID: 25784276 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and efficient method for the synthesis of novel highly substituted and diversely functionalized indazolone derivatives has been developed. The transformation consists of a cyclocondensation of selected 1,3,3'-tricarbonyls with monosubstituted hydrazines. The starting β-triketones were prepared by an efficient chemo- and regioselective method under MW irradiation, exploiting the oxazolone chemistry. The reaction is easily accomplished under mild conditions and appears versatile, providing a synthetic diversification method with potential for drug-like compounds preparation.
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Cherkupally P, Ramesh S, de la Torre BG, Govender T, Kruger HG, Albericio F. Immobilized coupling reagents: synthesis of amides/peptides. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:579-601. [PMID: 25330282 DOI: 10.1021/co500126y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The primary idea of using immobilized reagents in organic synthetic chemistry is to simplify the downstream process, product workup and isolation, and therefore avoiding time-consuming and expensive chromatographic separations, which are intrinsic to every synthetic process. Numerous polymer-bounded reagents are commercially available and applicable to almost all kinds of synthetic chemistry conversions. Herein, we have covered all known supported-coupling reagents and bases which have had a great impact in amide/peptide bond formation. These coupling reagents have been used for the activation of a carboxyl moiety; thus generating an active acylating species that is ready to couple with an amine nucleophile liberating the amide/peptide and polymeric support which can be regenerated for reuse. This also addresses a large variety of anchored coupling reagents, additives, and bases that have only been employed in amide/peptide syntheses during the last six decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Cherkupally
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Suhas Ramesh
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- School of Chemistry, Yachay Tech, Yachay City of Knowledge, 100119 Urcuqui, Ecuador
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- School of Chemistry, Yachay Tech, Yachay City of Knowledge, 100119 Urcuqui, Ecuador
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine-Barcelona (IRB-Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Kim J, Lee WS, Koo J, Lee J, Park SB. Synthesis and library construction of privileged tetra-substituted Δ5-2-oxopiperazine as β-turn structure mimetics. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:24-32. [PMID: 24215277 DOI: 10.1021/co400128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed an efficient and practical procedure for the synthesis of tetra-substituted Δ5-2-oxopiperazine that mimics the bioactive β-turn structural motif of proteins. This synthetic route is robust and modular enough to accommodate four different substituents to obtain a high level of molecular diversity without any deterioration in stereochemical enrichment of the natural and unnatural amino acids. Through the in silico studies, including a distance calculation of side chains and a conformational overlapping of our model compound with a native β-turn structure, we successfully demonstrated the conformational similarity of tetra-substituted Δ5-2-oxopiperazine to the β-turn motif. For the library construction in a high-throughput manner, the fluorous tag technology was adopted with the use of a solution-phase parallel synthesis platform. A 140-membered pilot library of tetra-substituted Δ5-2-oxopiperazines was achieved with an average purity of 90% without further purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biophysics and Chemical
Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151−747, Korea
| | - Won Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biophysics and Chemical
Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151−747, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Koo
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biophysics and Chemical
Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151−747, Korea
| | - Jeongae Lee
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biophysics and Chemical
Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151−747, Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biophysics and Chemical
Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151−747, Korea
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