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Mishra S, Raikwar S, Baire B. Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrimidines from Propargylic alcohols and their Derivatives: Two Decades of Developments. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300316. [PMID: 37247350 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pyrimidine is a six-membered diaza-heterocycle i.e., 1,3-diazine. It is found to be present in many biologically and pharmacologically active scaffolds like nucleotides, natural products, and drugs. The bioactivities of pyrimidine include anti-tubercular, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-neoplastic and many more. In this review article we summarized various synthetic approaches that involve the synthesis of these privileged building blocks by employing propargylic alcohols and their derivatives like propargylic esters and propargylic ynones as three carbon-components. Here, we have confined ourselves to the developments appeared during the period of 23 years i.e., 2000-2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beeraiah Baire
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chemistry, CYB-313, Department of Chemsitry, IIT Madras, Adyar, Chennai, India, 600036, Chennai, INDIA
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Sayed AR, Gomha SM, Abdelrazek FM, Farghaly MS, Hassan SA, Metz P. Design, efficient synthesis and molecular docking of some novel thiazolyl-pyrazole derivatives as anticancer agents. BMC Chem 2019; 13:116. [PMID: 31572983 PMCID: PMC6760062 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazoles, thiazoles and fused thiazoles have been reported to possess many biological activities. 3-Methyl-5-oxo-4-(2-arylhydrazono)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamides 3a,b (obtained from the reaction of ethyl 3-oxo-2-(2-arylhydrazono)butanoates 1a,b with thiosemicarbazide) could be transformed into a variety of thiazolyl-pyrazole derivatives 6a–h, 10a–c, 15a–c, 17, 19 and 21 via their reaction with a diversity hydrazonoyl chlorides as well as bromoacetyl derivatives. Moreover, the computational studies were carried out for all new compounds. The results indicated that five compounds showed promising binding affinities (10a: − 3.4 kcal/mol, 6d: − 3.0 kcal/mol, 15a: − 2.2 kcal/mol, 3a: − 1.6 kcal/mol, and 21: − 1.3 kcal/mol) against the active site of the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (EGFR). The cytotoxicity of the potent products 3a, 6d, 10a, 15a, and 21 was examined against human liver carcinoma cell line (HepG-2) and revealed activities close to Doxorubicin standard drug. There was an understanding between the benefits of restricting affinities and the data obtained from the practical anticancer screening of the tested compounds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelwahed R Sayed
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.,3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sobhi M Gomha
- 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Almadinah Almonawara, Almadinah Almonawara, 42351 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fathy M Abdelrazek
- 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt.,Science and Technology Center of Excellence, Ministry of Military Production, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Farghaly
- 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt.,Science and Technology Center of Excellence, Ministry of Military Production, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A Hassan
- 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Peter Metz
- 6Fakultat Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, TU-Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Nosova EV, Lipunova GN, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2-Amino- and 2-aryl (Heteryl) Substituted 1,3-Benzothiazin-4-ones. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:999-1014. [PMID: 30324881 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181015151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) takes the second place among the reasons for mortality from infectious diseases. For this reason, the problem of tuberculosis treatment requires urgent attention all over the world. Some 2-amino substituted 1,3-benzothiazin-4-ones (2-amino-1,3-BTZs) represent a promising new class of antitubercular agents. Other 1,3-benzothiazin-4-one derivatives, mostly 2-aryl and 2- (pyridin-2-yl) ones, are attractive due to their ability to suppress oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This review covers the synthetic approaches to 2-amino- and 2-aryl(heteryl) substituted 1,3-benzothiazin-4-ones (1,3-BTZs). A brief overview of structure-activity relationships is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliya V Nosova
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation.,Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian F ederation
| | - Galina N Lipunova
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Valery N Charushin
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation.,Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian F ederation
| | - Oleg N Chupakhin
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation.,Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian F ederation
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Baji Á, Kovács F, Mótyán G, Schneider G, Wölfling J, Sinka I, Zupkó I, Ocsovszki I, Frank É. Investigation of pH and substituent effects on the distribution ratio of novel steroidal ring D- and A-fused arylpyrazole regioisomers and evaluation of their cell-growth inhibitory effects in vitro. Steroids 2017; 126:35-49. [PMID: 28803210 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel androstanopyrazoles have been efficiently synthesized from steroidal β-ketoaldehydes with different arylhydrazine hydrochlorides both under acidic and basic conditions. Knorr-type transformations of 16-hydroxymethylene-dehydroepiandrosterone containing its 1,3-dicarbonyl moiety on ring D, proved to be regioselective in pyridine at room temperature, while mixtures of regioisomers were obtained in acidic EtOH under reflux. Contrarily, the cyclocondensation reactions of 2-hydroxymethylene-dihydrotestosterone bearing its reactive functionalities on ring A, led to a mixture of pyrazole regioisomers in varying ratio depending on the applied medium. The regioisomeric distribution was found to depend on the electronic character of the substituent of the phenylhydrazine applied. After separating the related isomers by column chromatography, they were subjected to in vitro pharmacological studies to investigate their antiproliferative activities against three human breast malignant cell lines (MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231). Flow cytometry revealed that the most potent agents elicited a cell cycle disturbance on MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Baji
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Kovács
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergő Mótyán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Schneider
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Izabella Sinka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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Salem ME, Ahmed AA, Shaaban MR, Shibl MF, Farag AM. Regioselective synthesis and ab initio calculations of fused heterocycles thermally and under microwave irradiation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 148:175-183. [PMID: 25879987 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, and pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole, pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole ring systems incorporating phenylsulfonyl moiety were synthesized via the reaction of 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)prop-2-en-1-one derivatives with the appropriate aminoazoles as 1,3-binucleophiles and 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylacetonitrile using conventional methods as well as microwave irradiation. The regioselectivity of the cyclocondensation reactions was confirmed both experimentally by alternative synthesis of reaction products and theoretically using ab initio quantum chemical calculations namely the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The theoretical work was carried out using the Becke, three parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr hybrid functional (B3LYP) combined with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. It was found that the final cyclocondensation reaction product depends mainly on the initial addition to the activated double bond by the nitrogen atom of the 1,3-binucleophiles that has the higher electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa E Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ashour A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Institute of Physics, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany; Steinbeis GmbH & Co. KG für Technologietransfer, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mohamed R Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukkarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Shibl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ahmad M Farag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Washington C, Maxwell J, Stevenson J, Malone G, Lowe EW, Zhang Q, Wang G, McIntyre NR. Mechanistic studies of the tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidative cyclocondensation of 2-aminophenol to 2-aminophenoxazin-3-one. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 577-578:24-34. [PMID: 25982123 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) catalyzes the monophenolase and diphenolase reaction associated with vertebrate pigmentation and fruit/vegetable browning. Tyrosinase is an oxygen-dependent, dicopper enzyme that has three states: Emet, Eoxy, and Edeoxy. The diphenolase activity can be carried out by both the met and the oxy states of the enzyme while neither mono- nor diphenolase activity results from the deoxy state. In this study, the oxidative cyclocondensation of 2-aminophenol (OAP) to the corresponding 2-aminophenoxazin-3-one (APX) by mushroom tyrosinase was investigated. Using a combination of various steady- and pre-steady state methodologies, we have investigated the kinetic and chemical mechanism of this reaction. The kcat for OAP is 75 ± 2s(-1), K(OAP)M = 1.8 ± 0.2mM, K(O2)M =25 ± 4 μM with substrates binding in a steady-state preferred fashion. Stopped flow and global analysis support a model where OAP preferentially binds to the oxy form over the met (k7 ≫ k1). For the met form, His269 and His61 are the proposed bases, while the oxy form uses the copper-peroxide and His61 for the sequential deprotonation of anilinic and phenolic hydrogens. Solvent KIEs show proton transfer to be increasingly rate limiting for kcat/K(OAP)M as [O2] → 0 μM (1.38 ± 0.06) decreasing to 0.83 ± 0.03 as [O2] → ∞ reflecting a partially rate limiting μ-OH bond cleavage (E met) and formation (E oxy) following protonation in the transition state. The coupling and cyclization reactions of o-quinone imine and OAP pass through a phenyliminocyclohexadione intermediate to APX, forming at a rate of 6.91 ± 0.03 μM(-1)s(-1) and 2.59E-2 ± 5.31E-4s(-1). Differences in reactivity attributed to the anilinic moiety of OAP with o-diphenols are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Washington
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Jamere Maxwell
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Joenathan Stevenson
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Gregory Malone
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Edward W Lowe
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Neil R McIntyre
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
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