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Kulinich AV, Ishchenko AA. Merocyanines: Electronic Structure and Spectroscopy in Solutions, Solid State, and Gas Phase. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39423353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Merocyanines, owing to their readily tunable electronic structure, are arguably the most versatile functional dyes, with ample opportunities for tailored design via variations of both the donor/acceptor (D/A) end groups and π-conjugated polymethine chain. A plethora of spectral properties, such as strong solvatochromism, high polarizability and hyperpolarizabilities, and sensitizing capacity, motivates extensive studies for their applications in light-converting materials for optoelectronics, nonlinear optics, optical storage, fluorescent probes, etc. Evidently, an understanding of the intrinsic structure-property relationships is a prerequisite for the successful design of functional dyes. For merocyanines, these regularities have been explored for over 70 years, but only in the past three decades have these studies expanded beyond the theory of their color and solvatochromism toward their electronic structure in the ground and excited states. This Review outlines the fundamental principles, essential for comprehension of the variable nature of merocyanines, with the main emphasis on understanding the impact of internal (chemical structure) and external (intermolecular interactions) factors on the electronic symmetry of the D-π-A chromophore. The research on the structure and properties of merocyanines in different media is reviewed in the context of interplay of the three virtual states: nonpolar polyene, ideal polymethine, and zwitterionic polyene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii V Kulinich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademika Kukharya St., Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Alexander A Ishchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademika Kukharya St., Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
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2
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Li Z, Deng J, Ma P, Bai H, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Dong A, Burenjargal M. Stimuli-Responsive Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Mechanism and Applications. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e202400441. [PMID: 39385447 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are very suitable for extraction, drug delivery systems, and sensors due to their good selective adsorption ability, but the difficulty of eluting templates during synthesis and the limitation of application scenarios put higher demands on MIPs. Stimuli-responsive MIPs (SR-MIPs) can actively respond to changes in external conditions to realize various functions, which provides new ideas for the further development of MIPs. This paper reviews the multiple response modes of MIPs, including the common temperature, pH, photo, magnetic, redox-responsive and rare gas, biomolecule, ion, and solvent-responsive MIPs, and explains the mechanism, composition, and applications of such SR-MIPs. These SR-MIPs and the resulting dual/multiple-responsive MIPs have good selectivity, and controllability, and are very promising for isolation and extraction, targeted drug delivery, and electro-sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Peirong Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
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Jiang C, He L, Xuan Q, Liao Y, Dai JG, Lei D. Phase-change VO 2-based thermochromic smart windows. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:255. [PMID: 39294120 PMCID: PMC11410829 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Thermochromic coatings hold promise in reducing building energy consumption by dynamically regulating the heat gain of windows, which are often regarded as less energy-efficient components, across different seasons. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) stands out as a versatile thermochromic material for smart windows owing to its reversible metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) alongside correlated structural and optical properties. In this review, we delve into recent advancements in the phase-change VO2-based thermochromic coatings for smart windows, spanning from the macroscopic crystal level to the microscopic structural level (including elemental doping and micro/nano-engineering), as well as advances in controllable fabrication. It is notable that hybridizing functional elements/materials (e.g., W, Mo/SiO2, TiN) with VO2 in delicate structural designs (e.g., core-shell, optical cavity) brings new degrees of freedom for controlling the thermochromic properties, including the MIT temperature, luminous transmittance, solar-energy modulation ability and building-relevant multi-functionality. Additionally, we provide an overview of alternative chromogenic materials that could potentially complement or surpass the intrinsic limitations of VO2. By examining the landscape of emerging materials, we aim to broaden the scope of possibilities for smart window technologies. We also offer insights into the current challenges and prospects of VO2-based thermochromic smart windows, presenting a roadmap for advancing this field towards enhanced energy efficiency and sustainable building design. In summary, this review innovatively categorizes doping strategies and corresponding effects of VO2, underscores their crucial NIR-energy modulation ability for smart windows, pioneers a theoretical analysis of inverse core-shell structures, prioritizes practical engineering strategies for solar modulation in VO2 films, and summarizes complementary chromogenic materials, thus ultimately advancing VO2-based smart window technologies with a fresh perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancheng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Functional Photonics, and Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Lanyue He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Functional Photonics, and Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qingdong Xuan
- Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Functional Photonics, and Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jian-Guo Dai
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Functional Photonics, and Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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Shiraishi Y, Oshima T, Hirai T. Isomerization, Protonation, and Hydrolysis Properties of Naphthalimide-Containing Spiropyran in Aqueous Media. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:8797-8806. [PMID: 39215717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c03894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Synthesis of spiropyrans exhibiting ring-opening/closing isomerization driven by external stimuli is a challenging subject for the development of molecular sensors. A napthalimide-containing spiropyran (1) promotes rapid isomerization between the spirocyclic (SP) form and ring-opened merocyanine (MC) form by the change in solvent polarity even under the dark condition at room temperature. In this work, the effect of water on the isomerization behavior of 1 was studied. The addition of water caused an MC-water H-bonding interaction and shifted the resonance MC structure to the zwitterionic form with a lower ground-state energy. The stabilized MC form promoted spontaneous SP → MC isomerization and increased the equilibrium MC concentration. The effect of pH on the behavior of 1 was also studied. In acidic-neutral media, protonation/deprotonation of the naphthalimide moiety led to rapid and reversible changes in the absorption spectra. In contrast, strongly basic media (pH > 12) promoted irreversible base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the alkene moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shiraishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taku Oshima
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hirai
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
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Jiang Z, Dai X, Zhou L, Yang Z, Yu F, Kong X. Development of a polarity-sensitive ratiometric fluorescent probe based on the intramolecular reaction of spiro-oxazolidine and its applications for in situ visualizing the fluctuations of polarity during ER stress. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 316:124337. [PMID: 38676988 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Polarity is a vital element in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) microenvironment, and its variation is closely related to many physiological and pathological activities of ER, so it is necessary to trace fluctuations of polarity in ER. However, most of fluorescent probes for detecting polarity dependent on the changes of single emission, which could be affected by many factors and cause false signals. Ratiometric fluorescent probe with "built-in calibration" can effectively avoid detection errors. Here, we have designed a ratiometric fluorescent probe HM for monitoring the ER polarity based on the intramolecular reaction of spiro-oxazolidine. It forms ring open/closed isomers driven by polarity to afford ratiometric sensing. Probe HM have manifested its ratiometric responses to polarity in spectroscopic results, which could offer much more precise information for the changes of polarity in living cells with the internal built-in correction. It also showed large emission shift ( 133 nm), high selectivity and photo-stability. In biological imaging, HM could selectively accumulate in ER with high photo-stability. Importantly, HM has ability for in situ tracing the changes of ER polarity with ratiometric behavior during the ER stress process with the stimulation of tunicamycin, dithiothreitol and hypoxia, suggesting that HM is an effective molecule tool for monitoring the variations of ER polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Lina Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Zheng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Faqi Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China.
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China.
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Hassan F, Tang Y, Bisoyi HK, Li Q. Photochromic Carbon Nanomaterials: An Emerging Class of Light-Driven Hybrid Functional Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401912. [PMID: 38847224 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Photochromic molecules have remarkable potential in memory and optical devices, as well as in driving and manipulating molecular motors or actuators and many other systems using light. When photochromic molecules are introduced into carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), the resulting hybrids provide unique advantages and create new functions that can be employed in specific applications and devices. This review highlights the recent developments in diverse photochromic CNMs. Photochromic molecules and CNMs are also introduced. The fundamentals of different photochromic CNMs are discussed, including design principles and the types of interactions between CNMs and photochromic molecules via covalent interactions and non-covalent bonding such as π-π stacking, amphiphilic, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonding. Then the properties of photochromic CNMs, e.g., in photopatterning, fluorescence modulation, actuation, and photoinduced surface-relief gratings, and their applications in energy storage (solar thermal fuels, photothermal batteries, and supercapacitors), nanoelectronics (transistors, molecular junctions, photo-switchable conductance, and photoinduced electron transfer), sensors, and bioimaging are highlighted. Finally, an outlook on the challenges and opportunities in the future of photochromic CNMs is presented. This review discusses a vibrant interdisciplinary research field and is expected to stimulate further developments in nanoscience, advanced nanotechnology, intelligently responsive materials, and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathy Hassan
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, El-Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Yuqi Tang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, China
| | - Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Quan Li
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, China
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Zimmermann CA, Amouzou KN, Sengupta D, Kumar A, Demarquette NR, Ung B. Novel elastomeric spiropyran-doped poly(dimethylsiloxane) optical waveguide for UV sensing. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2024; 17:21. [PMID: 39008156 PMCID: PMC11250767 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-024-00124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Novel poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) doped with two different spiropyran derivatives (SP) were investigated as potential candidates for the preparation of elastomeric waveguides with UV-dependent optical properties. First, free-standing films were prepared and evaluated with respect to their photochromic response to UV irradiation. Kinetics, reversibility as well as photofatigue and refractive index of the SP-doped PDMS samples were assessed. Second, SP-doped PDMS waveguides were fabricated and tested as UV sensors by monitoring changes in the transmitted optical power of a visible laser (633 nm). UV sensing was successfully demonstrated by doping PDMS using one spiropyran derivative whose propagation loss was measured as 1.04 dB/cm at 633 nm, and sensitivity estimated at 115% change in transmitted optical power per unit change in UV dose. The decay and recovery time constants were measured at 42 and 107 s, respectively, with an average UV saturation dose of 0.4 J/cm2. The prepared waveguides exhibited a reversible and consistent response even under bending. The sensor parameters can be tailored by varying the waveguide length up to 21 cm, and are affected by white light and temperatures up to 70 ℃. This work is relevant to elastomeric optics, smart optical materials, and polymer optical waveguide sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koffi Novignon Amouzou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Dipankar Sengupta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Aashutosh Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | | | - Bora Ung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, H3C 1K3, Canada.
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Zhan L, Xu W, Hu Z, Fan J, Sun L, Wang X, Zhang Y, Shi X, Ding B, Yu J, Ma Y. Full-Color "Off-On" Thermochromic Fluorescent Fibers for Customizable Smart Wearable Displays in Personal Health Monitoring. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310762. [PMID: 38366074 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Responsive thermochromic fiber materials capable of miniaturization and integrating comfortably and compliantly onto the soft and dynamically deforming human body are promising materials for visualized personal health monitoring. However, their development is hindered by monotonous colors, low-contrast color changes, and poor reversibility. Herein, full-color "off-on" thermochromic fluorescent fibers are prepared based on self-crystallinity phase change and Förster resonance energy transfer for long-term and passive body-temperature monitoring, especially for various personalized customization purposes. The off-on switching luminescence characteristic is derived from the reversible conversion of the dispersion state and fluorescent emission by fluorophores and quencher molecules, which are embedded in the matrix of a phase-change material, during the crystallizing/melting processes. The achievement of full-color fluorescence is attributed to the large modulation range of fluorescence colors according to primary color additive theory. These thermochromic fluorescent fibers exhibit good mechanical properties, fluorescent emission contrast, and reversibility, showing their great potential in flexible smart display devices. Moreover, the response temperature of the thermochromic fibers is controllable by adjusting the phase-change material, enabling body-temperature-triggered luminescence; this property highlights their potential for human body-temperature monitoring and personalized customization. This work presents a new strategy for designing and exploring flexible sensors with higher comprehensive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Textiles Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Wanxuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Textiles Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zixi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Textiles Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Jiayin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Textiles Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Luping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Textiles Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Xingchi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textiles Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Textiles Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaodi Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Textiles Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
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Bag SK, Pal A, Jana S, Thakur A. Recent Advances on Diarylethene-Based Photoswitching Materials: Applications in Bioimaging, Controlled Singlet Oxygen Generation for Photodynamic Therapy and Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400238. [PMID: 38578057 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoswitching materials have emerged as a promising class of compounds that possess manifold interesting properties rendering their widespread use from photoswitches, regulators to optoelectronic devices, security technologies and biochemical assays. Diarylethenes (DAE) constitute one such category of photoswitchable compounds, where the key features of stability, photoisomerization wavelengths, quantum yield and variability in the photoisomers significantly depend on their derivatization. The last decade has witnessed a surge in the engagement of DAEs in different areas of chemical and biological sciences, like biomarkers, controlled generation of singlet oxygen, photo-dynamic therapy, chemosensing, catalysis, etc. In all the cases, the photoswitchability of DAE is the principal regulating factor along with its emission properties according to the appended groups. Previous reviews on applications of DAE-based systems did not predominantly cover all the aspects of biological and industrial implementations. They have covered only one field of application either in the biological science or in the synthetic aspect or photochromic aspects only. This review is a coalition of all those aspects in last six years. Here the variation of properties of the DAE systems with respect to structural diversifications have been discussed in detail along with their potential applications in bioimaging of cells, regulating singlet oxygen generation for photodynamic therapy and catalysis of organic reactions, and their future prospects. A tabular presentation of the photophysical properties of DAE derivatives adds to the basic understanding of this subject at a glance. We hope that this cumulative collection of contemporary research on DAE, as presented in this review, will enhance the knowledge of the readers about synthetic design anticipating their properties well in advance, and will certainly motivate researchers to generate new DAE architectures with superior chemical and biological properties in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Kumar Bag
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhendu Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
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Chen X, Chen J, Song X, Du T, Deng X, Deng Z, Hu XG, Zeng X, Yang Z, Yang H, Lan R. Bioinspired Mechanochromic Liquid Crystal Materials: From Fundamentals to Functionalities and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403766. [PMID: 38780131 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by intriguing color changeable ability of natural animals, the design and fabrication of artificial mechanochromic materials capable of changing colors upon stretching or pressing have attracted intense scientific interest. Liquid crystal (LC) is a self-organized soft matter with anisotropic molecular alignment. Due to the sensitivity to various external stimulations, LC has been considered as an emerging and appealing responsive building block to construct intelligent materials and advanced devices. Recently, mechanochromic LC materials have becoming a hot topic in multifields from flexible artificial skins to visualized sensors and smart biomimetic devices. In this review, the recent progress of mechanochromic LCs is comprehensively summarized. Firstly, the mechanism and functionalities of mechanochromic LC is introduced, followed by preparation of various functional materials based on mechanochromic LCs. Then the applications of mechanochromic LCs are provided. Finally, the conclusion and outlooks of this field is given. This overview is hoped to provide inspiration in fabrication of advanced functional soft materials for scientists and engineers from multidisciplines including materials science, elastomers, chemistry, and physical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xinyue Song
- Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Tongji Du
- Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xinrui Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zhaoping Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiang-Guo Hu
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xingping Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Huai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ruochen Lan
- Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
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Chaturvedi AK, Shukla RK, Volla CMR. Rh(iii)-catalyzed sp 3/sp 2-C-H heteroarylations via cascade C-H activation and cyclization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6544-6551. [PMID: 38699273 PMCID: PMC11062110 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of an efficient strategy for facile access to quinoline-based bis-heterocycles holds paramount importance in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we describe a unified approach for accessing 8-(indol-3-yl)methyl-quinolines by integrating Cp*Rh(iii)-catalyzed C(sp3)-H bond activation of 8-methylquinolines followed by nucleophilic cyclization with o-ethynylaniline derivatives. Remarkably, methoxybiaryl ynones under similar catalytic conditions delivered quinoline tethered spiro[5.5]enone scaffolds via a dearomative 6-endo-dig C-cyclization. Moreover, leveraging this method for C8(sp2)-H bond activation of quinoline-N-oxide furnished biologically relevant oxindolyl-quinolines. This reaction proceeds via C(sp2)-H bond activation, regioselective alkyne insertion, oxygen-atom-transfer (OAT) and intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization in a cascade manner. One C-C, one C-N and one C[double bond, length as m-dash]O bond were created with concomitant formation of a quaternary center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul K Chaturvedi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Rahul K Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Chandra M R Volla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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12
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Hrebonkin A, Afonin S, Nikitjuka A, Borysov OV, Leitis G, Babii O, Koniev S, Lorig T, Grage SL, Nick P, Ulrich AS, Jirgensons A, Komarov IV. Spiropyran-Based Photoisomerizable α-Amino Acid for Membrane-Active Peptide Modification. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400066. [PMID: 38366887 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Photoisomerizable peptides are promising drug candidates in photopharmacology. While azobenzene- and diarylethene-containing photoisomerizable peptides have already demonstrated their potential in this regard, reports on the use of spiropyrans to photoregulate bioactive peptides are still scarce. This work focuses on the design and synthesis of a spiropyran-derived amino acid, (S)-2-amino-3-(6'-methoxy-1',3',3'-trimethylspiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indolin-6-yl])propanoic acid, which is suitable for the preparation of photoisomerizable peptides. The utility of this amino acid is demonstrated by incorporating it into the backbone of BP100, a known membrane-active peptide, and by examining the photoregulation of the membrane perturbation by the spiropyran-containing peptides. The toxicity of the peptides (against the plant cell line BY-2), their bacteriotoxicity (E. coli), and actin-auxin oscillator modulation ability were shown to be significantly dependent on the photoisomeric state of the spiropyran unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Hrebonkin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Nikitjuka
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oleksandr V Borysov
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Gundars Leitis
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oleg Babii
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Serhii Koniev
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Theo Lorig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan L Grage
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aigars Jirgensons
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Igor V Komarov
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Lumobiotics, Auerstraße 2, 76227, Karlsruhe., Germany
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13
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Martínez-Orts M, Pujals S. Responsive Supramolecular Polymers for Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4077. [PMID: 38612886 PMCID: PMC11012635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymers are ordered nanosized materials that are held together by non-covalent interactions (hydrogen-bonding, metal-ligand coordination, π-stacking and, host-guest interactions) and can reversibly undergo self-assembly. Their non-covalent nature endows supramolecular polymers with the ability to respond to external stimuli (temperature, light, ultrasound, electric/magnetic field) or environmental changes (temperature, pH, redox potential, enzyme activity), making them attractive candidates for a variety of biomedical applications. To date, supramolecular research has largely evolved in the development of smart water-soluble self-assemblies with the aim of mimicking the biological function of natural supramolecular systems. Indeed, there is a wide variety of synthetic biomaterials formulated with responsiveness to control and trigger, or not to trigger, aqueous self-assembly. The design of responsive supramolecular polymers ranges from the use of hydrophobic cores (i.e., benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide) to the introduction of macrocyclic hosts (i.e., cyclodextrins). In this review, we summarize the most relevant advances achieved in the design of stimuli-responsive supramolecular systems used to control transport and release of both diagnosis agents and therapeutic drugs in order to prevent, diagnose, and treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Pujals
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
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14
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Wang D, Chen J, Wang Y, Hao X, Peng H, Liao Y, Zhou X, Smalyukh II, Xie X. Photoswitching in a Liquid Crystalline Pt(II) Coordination Complex. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304366. [PMID: 38296805 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Photoswitching of photoluminescence has sparked tremendous research interests for super-resolution imaging, high-security-level anti-counterfeiting, and other high-tech applications. However, the excitation of photoluminescence is usually ready to trigger the photoswitching process, making the photoluminescence readout unreliable. Herein, we report a new photoswitch by the marriage of spiropyran with platinum(II) coordination complex. Viable photoluminescence can be achieved upon excitation by 480 nm visible light while the photoswitching can be easily triggered by 365 nm UV light. The feasible photoswitching may be benefited from the formed liquid crystalline (LC) phase of the designed photoswitch as a crystalline spiropyran is normally unable to implement photoswitching. Compared to the counterparts, this LC photoswitch can show distinct and reliable apparent colors and emission colors before and after photoswitching, which may promise the utility in high-security-level anti-counterfeiting and other advanced information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xingtian Hao
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
- National Anti-counterfeit Engineering Research Center, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yonggui Liao
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
- National Anti-counterfeit Engineering Research Center, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
- National Anti-counterfeit Engineering Research Center, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, United States
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
- National Anti-counterfeit Engineering Research Center, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
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15
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Tulyabaev AR, Khuzin AA, Lukmanov TI, Sabirov DS. Is this how bromine spiropyran salt is converted to merocyanine under UV irradiation? A look through the prism of quantum chemical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10336-10342. [PMID: 38501209 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The stability of merocyanine forms formed under UV irradiation of a solution of a spiropyran salt, in which an organic part acts as a cation and a compact bromide ion as an anion, their photophysical properties, and the formation mechanism are studied in this work using time-dependent density functional theory. Theoretical calculations show that TTC and CTT are the most stable open forms (the difference in stability energies is 10.5 and 12.0 kcal mol-1 relative to the formation energy of spiropyran, respectively). The simulated absorption bands in the UV spectrum of the merocyanine forms are observed both in the UV region at 308-366 nm and in the visible region at 544-757 nm due to n → π* and π → π* type transitions. We found that the isomerisation mechanism of spiropyran into merocyanine forms includes two key stages: the ring opening to form cisoid merocyanine forms (except unstable TCC) through conical intersection and their subsequent isomerisation to form stable transoid isomers. The length of the Cspiro-O bond is 1.97 Å and the C1'-C2'-C3'-C4' angle is 70° in the structure close to conical intersection. The stage that determines the rate of this process is the isomerisation between transoid forms, as in the case of transformation of open merocyanine forms into spiropyran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur R Tulyabaev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia.
| | - Artur A Khuzin
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia.
| | - Timur I Lukmanov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia.
| | - Denis Sh Sabirov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, Russia.
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16
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Thai LD, Kammerer JA, Mutlu H, Barner-Kowollik C. Photo- and halochromism of spiropyran-based main-chain polymers. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3687-3697. [PMID: 38455007 PMCID: PMC10915860 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06383f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced functional polymeric materials based on spiropyrans (SPs) feature multi-stimuli responsive characteristics, such as a change in color with exposure to light (photochromism) or acids (halochromism). The inclusion of stimuli-responsive molecules in general - and SPs in particular - as main-chain repeating units is a scarcely explored macromolecular architecture compared to side chain responsive polymers. Herein, we establish the effects of substitution patterns on SPs within a homopolymer main-chain synthesized via head-to-tail Acyclic Diene METathesis (ADMET) polymerization. We unambiguously demonstrate that varying the location of the ester group (-OCOR) on the chromophore, which is essential to incorporate the SPs in the polymer backbone, determines the photo- and halochromism of the resulting polymers. While one polymer shows effective photochromism and resistance towards acids, the opposite - weak photochromism and effective response to acid - is observed for an isomeric polymer, simply by changing the position of the ester-linker relative to the benzopyran oxygen on the chromene unit. Our strategy represents a simple approach to manipulate the stimuli-response of main-chain SP bearing polymers and highlights the critical importance of isomeric molecular constitution on main-chain stimuli-sensitive polymers as emerging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Duy Thai
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jochen A Kammerer
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361 CNRS/Université de Haute Alsace 15 Rue Jean Starcky Mulhouse Cedex 68057 France
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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17
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Lvov AG, Klimenko LS, Bykov VN, Hecht S. Revisiting Peri-Aryloxyquinones: From a Forgotten Photochromic System to a Promising Tool for Emerging Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303654. [PMID: 38085655 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Emerging applications of photochromic compounds demand new molecular designs that can be inspired by some long-known yet currently forgotten classes of photoswitches. In the present review, we remind the community about Peri-AryloxyQuinones (PAQs) and their unique photoswitching behavior originally discovered more than 50 years ago. At the heart of this phenomenon is the light-induced migration of an aromatic moiety (arylotropy) in peri-aryloxy-substituted quinones resulting in ana-quinones. PAQs feature absorbance of both isomers in the visible spectral region, photochromism in the amorphous and crystalline state, and thermal stability of the photogenerated ana-isomer. Particularly noticeable is the high sensitivity of the ana-isomer towards nucleophiles in solution. In addition to the mechanism of molecular photochromism and the underlaying structure-switch relationships, we analyze potential applications and prospects of aryloxyquinones in optically switchable materials and devices. Due to their ability to efficiently photoswitch in the solid state, PAQs are indeed attractive candidates for such materials and devices, including electronics (optically controllable circuits, switches, transistors, memories, and displays), porous crystalline materials, crystalline actuators, photoactivated sensors, and many more. This review is intended to serve as a guide for researchers who wish to use photoswitchable PAQs in the development of new photocontrollable materials, devices, and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky, St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University 83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
| | - Lyubov S Klimenko
- Yugra State University, 16 Chekhov St., Khanty-Mansiysk, 628012, Russia
| | - Vasily N Bykov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky, St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University 83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Minkovska S, Hadjichristov GB, Neacsu A, Chihaia V, Fedorov YV. Photoswitchable Photochromic Chelating Spironaphthoxazines: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, Quantum-Chemical Calculations, and Complexation Ability. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:4144-4161. [PMID: 38313484 PMCID: PMC10831966 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The stable and efficient photochromic and photoswitchable molecular systems designed from spirooxazines are of increasing scientific and practical interest because of their present and future applications in advanced technologies. Among these compounds, chelating spironaphthoxazines have received widespread attention due to their efficient optical response after complexation with some metal ions being of biomedical interest and environmental importance, as well as their good cycle performance and high reliability, especially by metal ion sensing. In this mini-review, we summarize our results in the design of novel photoswitchable chelating spironaphthoxazines with specific substituents in their naphthoxazine or indoline ring systems in view of recent progress in the development of such molecular systems and their applications as metal ion sensors. The design, synthesis methods, and photoresponse of such spirooxazine derivatives relevant to their applications, as well as quantum-chemical calculations for these compounds, are presented. Examples of various design concepts are discussed, such as sulfobutyl, hydroxyl, benzothiazolyl, or ester and carboxylic acid as substituents in the chelating spironaphthoxazine molecules. Further developments and improvements of this interesting and promising kind of molecular photoswitches are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Minkovska
- Institute
of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl.11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi B. Hadjichristov
- Georgi
Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Andreea Neacsu
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Viorel Chihaia
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Yury V. Fedorov
- A.
N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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19
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Zheng PX, Ou SL, Qu LY, Zhang Y, Jiang SQ, Li X, Wan JX, Zhang M, Bao X. Enriched switching in a donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct via reversible covalent bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1333-1336. [PMID: 38197312 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03160h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
We have utilized reversible covalent bonding to expand the accessible states of a molecular switch. Introducing a hydroxyl group onto the donor moiety of a donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct (DASA) imparts an acidity response by forming an oxazolidine ring through intramolecular nucleophilic addition. Furthermore, we observed distinct color changes under cryogenic conditions, extending the thermal responsiveness beyond the cyclization equilibrium observed at elevated temperatures. These unique responses present promising prospects for diverse applications compared to traditional photoinduced binary isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xuan Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Song Lin Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lei Yu Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shi Qing Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun Xiong Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xin Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
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20
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Khuzin AA, Galimov DI, Khuzina LL, Tukhbatullin AA. New Triphenylphosphonium Salts of Spiropyrans: Synthesis and Photochromic Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:368. [PMID: 38257281 PMCID: PMC10821322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The most important area of modern pharmacology is the targeted delivery of drugs, and one of the most promising classes of chemical compounds for creating drugs of this kind are the photochromic spiropyrans, capable of light-controlled biological activity. This work is devoted to the synthesis and study of the photochromic properties of new triphenylphosphonium salts of spiropyrans. It was found that all the synthesized cationic spiropyrans have high photosensitivity, increased resistance to photodegradation and the ability for photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur A. Khuzin
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Oktyabrya Prospect, 450075 Ufa, Russia; (D.I.G.); (L.L.K.); (A.A.T.)
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21
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Sheng J, Perego J, Bracco S, Czepa W, Danowski W, Krause S, Sozzani P, Ciesielski A, Comotti A, Feringa BL. Construction of Multi-Stimuli Responsive Highly Porous Switchable Frameworks by In Situ Solid-State Generation of Spiropyran Switches. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305783. [PMID: 37643306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive molecular systems support within permanently porous materials offer the opportunity to host dynamic functions in multifunctional smart materials. However, the construction of highly porous frameworks featuring external-stimuli responsiveness, for example by light excitation, is still in its infancy. Here a general strategy is presented to construct spiropyran-functionalized highly porous switchable aromatic frameworks by modular and high-precision anchoring of molecular hooks and an innovative in situ solid-state grafting approach. Three spiropyran-grafted frameworks bearing distinct functional groups exhibiting various stimuli-responsiveness are generated by two-step post-solid-state synthesis of a parent indole-based material. The quantitative transformation and preservation of high porosity are demonstrated by spectroscopic and gas adsorption techniques. For the first time, a highly efficient strategy is provided to construct multi-stimuli-responsive, yet structurally robust, spiropyran materials with high pore capacity which is proved essential for the reversible and quantitative isomerization in the bulk as demonstrated by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The overall strategy allows to construct dynamic materials that undergoes reversible transformation of spiropyran to zwitterionic merocyanine, by chemical and physical stimulation, showing potential for pH active control, responsive gas uptake and release, contaminant removal, and water harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Włodzimierz Czepa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61614, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, Poznań, 61614, Poland
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Simon Krause
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, Poznań, 61614, Poland
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG, 9747, The Netherlands
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22
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Giuri D, Ravarino P, Tomasini C. Transparent Organogels as a Medium for the Light-Induced Conversion from Spiropyran to Merocyanine. Gels 2023; 9:932. [PMID: 38131918 PMCID: PMC10742928 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight peptide gelators are a versatile class of compounds able to form gels under a variety of conditions, even via simple ultrasound sonication. In this paper, the ability of Boc-L-Phe-D-Oxd-L-Phe-OBn to gelate three organic solvents (toluene, tert-butyl methyl ether, and ethanol) was evaluated. The rheological behaviour of the materials was assessed via strain sweep analysis, while the fibrous network was analysed via optical microscopy on the wet gels. The gel obtained from toluene is a highly transparent material, and the one from ethanol appears translucent, while the one from tert-butyl methyl ether is opaque. These gels were used to study the reversible light-induced transformation from spyropiran (SP) to merocyanine (MC) and back, as a model system to check the effect of the gel medium onto the rection kinetic. We observed that the solvent used to form the organogels has a crucial effect on the reaction, as gels from aprotic solvents stabilize the SP form, while the ones from protic solvents stabilize the MC form. We thus obtained a solid support to stabilize the two photochromic species just by changing the solvent polarity. Moreover, we could demonstrate that the self-assembled gels do not interfere with the light-driven conversion process, either starting from SP or MC, thus representing a valid and economical photochromic material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Tomasini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (D.G.); (P.R.)
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23
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Jamali R, Rad VF, Razaghi M, Mohamadnia Z, Khorasani M, Moradi AR. Digital holographic microscopy of spiropyran-based dynamic materials. J Microsc 2023; 292:78-89. [PMID: 37694978 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Spiropyran (SP)-based dynamic materials undergo structural changes in response to external stimuli. In this paper, we show that digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an effective candidate for characterisation of SPs (embedded in polymer matrices) and for monitoring of their dynamical changes. The polymer matrices are polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films, which are decorated with SPs and immobilised on graphene quantum dots (GQDs). GQDs are modified by benzylamines prior to the loading of SP species because of the enhancement of hydrophobic characteristics. UV irradiation is used as the external stimulus and the dynamical changes of the samples before and after UV irradiation are measured. DHM is arranged on a novel self-referencing setup, which substantially reduces the sensitivity of DHM to environmental vibrations. Morphometric information for characterisation of the samples is obtained by analysis of the recorded digital holograms. The experimental results demonstrate the potential of the presented technique to serve as an alternative technique for surface measurement methodologies such as atomic force microscope and stylus profiler for surface characterisation of similar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Jamali
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Vahideh Farzam Rad
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Razaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohamadnia
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Khorasani
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
- Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali-Reza Moradi
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
- School of Nano Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
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24
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Chatterjee S, Molla S, Ahmed J, Bandyopadhyay S. Light-driven modulation of electrical conductance with photochromic switches: bridging photochemistry with optoelectronics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12685-12698. [PMID: 37814882 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04269c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic conducting molecules have emerged because of their unique capacity to modulate electrical conductivity upon exposure to light, toggling between high and low conductive states. This unique amalgamation has unlocked novel avenues for the application of these materials across diverse areas in optoelectronics and smart materials. The fundamental mechanism underpinning this phenomenon is based on the light-driven isomerization of conjugated π-systems which influences the extent of conjugation. The photoisomerization process discussed here involves photochromic switches such as azobenzenes, diarylethenes, spiropyrans, dimethyldihydropyrenes, and norbornadiene. The change in the degree of conjugation alters the charge transport in both single molecules and bulk states in solid samples or solutions. This article discusses a number of recent examples of photochromic conducting systems and the challenges and potentials of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheelbhadra Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Sariful Molla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Jakir Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Subhajit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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25
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McFadden ME, Barber RW, Overholts AC, Robb MJ. Naphthopyran molecular switches and their emergent mechanochemical reactivity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10041-10067. [PMID: 37772118 PMCID: PMC10530568 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03729k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Naphthopyran molecular switches undergo a ring-opening reaction upon external stimulation to generate intensely colored merocyanine dyes. Their unique modularity and synthetic accessibility afford exceptional control over their properties and stimuli-responsive behavior. Commercial applications of naphthopyrans as photoswitches in photochromic ophthalmic lenses have spurred an extensive body of work exploring naphthopyran-merocyanine structure-property relationships. The recently discovered mechanochromic behavior of naphthopyrans has led to their emergent application in the field of polymer mechanochemistry, enabling advances in the design of force-responsive materials as well as fundamental insights into mechanochemical reactivity. The structure-property relationships established in the photochemical literature serve as a convenient blueprint for the design of naphthopyran molecular force probes with precisely tuned properties. On the other hand, the mechanochemical reactivity of naphthopyran diverges in many cases from the conventional photochemical pathways, resulting in unexpected properties and opportunities for deeper understanding and innovation in polymer mechanochemistry. Here, we highlight the features of the naphthopyran scaffold that render it a powerful platform for the design of mechanochromic materials and review recent advances in naphthopyran mechanochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E McFadden
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Ross W Barber
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Anna C Overholts
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Maxwell J Robb
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
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26
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Doloczki S, Kern C, Holmberg KO, Swartling FJ, Streuff J, Dyrager C. Photoinduced Ring-Opening and Phototoxicity of an Indolin-3-one Derivative. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300864. [PMID: 37332083 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The study of a fluorescent indolin-3-one derivative is reported that, as opposed to its previously described congeners, selectively undergoes photoactivated ring-opening in apolar solvents. The excited state involved in this photoisomerization was partially deactivated by the formation of singlet oxygen. Cell studies revealed lipid droplet accumulation and efficient light-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christoph Kern
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl O Holmberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Streuff
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christine Dyrager
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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Jago D, Walkey MC, Gaschk EE, Spackman PR, Piggott MJ, Moggach SA, Koutsantonis GA. Multistate Switching of Some Ruthenium Alkynyl and Vinyl Spiropyran Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12283-12297. [PMID: 37545356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
To study the switching properties of photochromes, we undertook the synthesis and characterization of several ruthenium organometallic complexes of the type [Ru(Cp*)(dppe)(C≡C-SP)] or [Ru(CO)(dppe)(PPh3)Cl(CH═CH-SP)], where SP = spiropyran. The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the complexes were determined by careful cyclic voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical experiments. Whereas the mononuclear alkynyl ruthenium complexes undergo one-electron oxidations localized over the metal alkynyl moiety, the oxidation of the mononuclear vinyl ruthenium complexes is centered on the indoline moiety of the spiropyran. Through these studies, we demonstrate access to several stable redox states, in addition to switching states attained via acidochromism and/or photoisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jago
- Chemistry, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Mark C Walkey
- Chemistry, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Emma E Gaschk
- Chemistry, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Peter R Spackman
- Curtin Institute for Computation, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Matthew J Piggott
- Chemistry, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Stephen A Moggach
- Chemistry, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - George A Koutsantonis
- Chemistry, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
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28
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Shamsipur M, Ghavidast A, Pashabadi A. Phototriggered structures: Latest advances in biomedical applications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2844-2876. [PMID: 37521863 PMCID: PMC10372844 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive control of the drug molecules accessibility is a key issue in improving diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Some studies have explored the spatiotemporal control by light as a peripheral stimulus. Phototriggered drug delivery systems (PTDDSs) have received interest in the past decade among biological researchers due to their capability the control drug release. To this end, a wide range of phototrigger molecular structures participated in the DDSs to serve additional efficiency and a high-conversion release of active fragments under light irradiation. Up to now, several categories of PTDDSs have been extended to upgrade the performance of controlled delivery of therapeutic agents based on well-known phototrigger molecular structures like o-nitrobenzyl, coumarinyl, anthracenyl, quinolinyl, o-hydroxycinnamate and hydroxyphenacyl, where either of one endows an exclusive feature and distinct mechanistic approach. This review conveys the design, photochemical properties and essential mechanism of the most important phototriggered structures for the release of single and dual (similar or different) active molecules that have the ability to quickly reason of the large variety of dynamic biological phenomena for biomedical applications like photo-regulated drug release, synergistic outcomes, real-time monitoring, and biocompatibility potential.
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29
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Saha S, Alam R. Recent developments in the creation of a single molecular sensing tool for ternary iron (III), chromium (III), aluminium (III) ionic species: A review. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:1026-1046. [PMID: 36251318 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of a molecular sensing tool is an important topic in molecular recognition, signalling, and optoelectronics that has piqued the interest of chemists, biologists, and environmental scientists. Approximately 150 years have passed since the beginning of the fluorescent chemosensor sector. Due to the paramagnetic properties of Cr3+ and Al3+ , it is tough to prepare a photoluminescence plug-in detector. Most dye-based Al3+ sensors must be utilized in organic or mixed solvents for robust hydration of Al3+ in water. The sophisticated molecular design of sensors, conversely, allows for the detection of these metal ions in aqueous medium. The design of chemosensors using various fluorophores and their mechanisms of action have been thoroughly discussed. A literature survey covering the design of chemosensors and their mechanisms of action have been thoroughly discussed covering the period 2010-2022 and that was carried out including innovative and exemplary activities from numerous groups throughout the world that have significantly contributed to this sector. The most important advantages of these probes are their aqueous solubility and quick response with outstanding selectivity and sensitivity for temporal distribution with high fidelity of metals in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Saha
- Department of Chemistry (UG+PG), Triveni Devi Bhalotia College, Raniganj, Paschim Bardhaman, India
| | - Rabiul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Rabindra Mahavidyalaya, Champadanga, Hooghly, India
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30
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Shiraishi Y, Yomo K, Hirai T. Polarity-Driven Isomerization of a Hydroxynaphthalimide-Containing Spiropyran at Room Temperature. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:290-298. [PMID: 37249936 PMCID: PMC10214515 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Design of spiropyrans showing spontaneous isomerization driven by the polarity of solvents is an important consideration for the synthesis of optical sensory materials. Although some spiropyrans undergo polarity-driven isomerization, they must be heated owing to the high activation energy required for isomerization. In this study, we describe that a spiropyran containing a hydroxynaphthalimide unit (1) exhibits a polarity-driven isomerization at room temperature. It exists as a colorless spirocyclic (SP) form in less polar solvents but is isomerized to a colored merocyanine (MC) form in polar solvents. The equilibrium amount of the MC form increases with an increase in the polarity of solvents. The MC form involves two resonance structures-the quinoidal and zwitterionic forms. In polar media, the zwitterionic form dominates mainly owing to solvation by polar molecules. Solvation stabilizes the negative charge of the zwitterionic form and decreases its ground state energy, thereby enhancing SP → MC isomerization. The SP ⇌ MC isomerization terminates within barely 30 s even at room temperature because the naphthol moiety with high π-electron density lowers the activation energy for the rate-determining rotational step.
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31
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Xu L, Rong Y, Liao H, Pan M, Qian Y, Rong L, Zhang J. Construction of Spiro[benzo[ a]acridine-12,4'-imidazolidine]-2',5'-dione Derivatives via Ring-Opening and Recyclization of Isatins and C-OH Cleavage of 2-Naphthol. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37154738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An efficient three-component reaction to access spiro[benzo[a]acridine-12,4'-imidazolidine]-2',5'-dione derivatives has been developed through the ring-opening and recyclization process of isatins and dehydroxylation of 2-naphthol, which is different from their conventional reaction modes. Experimental observations suggest that p-toluenesulfonic acid is the key factor that promotes the success of this synthetic strategy. The research provided a novel approach for the construction of spiro compounds from isatins and 2-naphthol in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xu
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Rong
- Taizhou Institute of Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Taizhou 22539, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hailin Liao
- Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mei Pan
- Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Qian
- Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Liangce Rong
- Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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32
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Cocrystals for photochemical solid-state reactions: An account on crystal engineering perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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33
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Hou D, Xu Y, Yan J, Zeng Q, Wang Z, Chen Y. Intracellularly Self-Assembled 2D Materials Induce Apoptotic Cell Death by Impeding Cytosolic Transport. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3055-3063. [PMID: 36688625 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Using a photochemically isomerizable cucurbit[6]uril derivative as a building block, we succeeded in generating a large number of oversized 2D materials within the cytosol of a living cell via controlled self-assembly. Fluorescence recovery after a photobleaching assay indicated that the resulting 2D material pieces posed discernible hindrance to not only diffusive spreading but also motor-driven motion of intracellular components in the cytosol, which eventually induced apoptotic cell death. Such behavior was seldom observed in previous 2D material-bearing cells prepared by endocytosis, as the total lateral size constituted by the endocytosed 2D materials per cell failed to exceed a threshold level, leading to a tortuosity of transport path inadequate to impede cytosolic transport in an appreciable manner. By varying the initial concentration of the building block, the existence of such a threshold was experimentally demonstrated from the relationship between the flow cytometry side scatter of the treated cells and corresponding cell viability. With the otherwise well-regulated cytosolic transport dynamics of living cells being physically altered, therapeutics with a new mechanism of action that counteracts drug resistance or intracellular platforms that advance our understanding of subcellular pathology of certain intractable diseases are in sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Hou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zeng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghui Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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34
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Photochromic and Luminescent Properties of a Salt of a Hybrid Molecule Based on C 60 Fullerene and Spiropyran-A Promising Approach to the Creation of Anticancer Drugs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031107. [PMID: 36770772 PMCID: PMC9921579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time a pyrrolidinofullerene salt containing a spiropyran group and an ammonium group, capable of reversibly reacting to UV radiation, has been synthesized. Photoinduced reactions of the synthesized compounds were studied using absorption and luminescence spectroscopies, spectral and kinetic characteristics were measured. The hybrid molecule was found to exhibit intrinsic fluorescence even in the spirocyclic form. The C60 derivative showed a higher stability and better spectral and luminescent properties than the precursor.
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35
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Chen C, Du S, Taylor JM, Huang J, Evans CM, Braun PV. Visualizing ion transport in polymers via ion-chromic indicators. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:86-92. [PMID: 36595317 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in polymers with high ionic conductivity for applications including batteries, fuel cells, and separation membranes. However, measuring ion diffusion in polymers can be challenging, requiring complex procedures and instrumentation. Here, a simple strategy to study ion diffusion in polymers is presented that utilizes ion-chromic spiropyan as an indicator to measure the diffusion of LiTFSI, KTFSI, and NaTFSI within poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer networks. These systems are selected, as these are common ions and polymers used in energy storage applications, however, the approach described is not specific to materials for energy storage. Specifically, to enabling the study of ion diffusion, these salts cause the spiropyran to undergo an isomerization reaction, which results in a significant color change. This colorimetric response enables the determination of the diffusion coefficients of these ions within films of these polymers simply by optically tracking the spatial-temporal evolution of the isomerization product within the film and fitting the data to the relevant diffusion equations. The simplicity of the method makes it amenable to the study of ion diffusion in polymers under a range of conditions, including various temperatures and under macroscopic deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Sifei Du
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Jay M Taylor
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Junrou Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Paul V Braun
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
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36
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Kikuchi K, Adair LD, Lin J, New EJ, Kaur A. Photochemical Mechanisms of Fluorophores Employed in Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202204745. [PMID: 36177530 PMCID: PMC10100239 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Decoding cellular processes requires visualization of the spatial distribution and dynamic interactions of biomolecules. It is therefore not surprising that innovations in imaging technologies have facilitated advances in biomedical research. The advent of super-resolution imaging technologies has empowered biomedical researchers with the ability to answer long-standing questions about cellular processes at an entirely new level. Fluorescent probes greatly enhance the specificity and resolution of super-resolution imaging experiments. Here, we introduce key super-resolution imaging technologies, with a brief discussion on single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We evaluate the chemistry and photochemical mechanisms of fluorescent probes employed in SMLM. This Review provides guidance on the identification and adoption of fluorescent probes in single molecule localization microscopy to inspire the design of next-generation fluorescent probes amenable to single-molecule imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kikuchi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 305, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Liam D Adair
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jiarun Lin
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J New
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 305, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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37
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Yu SH, Hassan SZ, So C, Kang M, Chung DS. Molecular-Switch-Embedded Solution-Processed Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203401. [PMID: 35929102 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent improvements in the performance of solution-processed semiconductor materials and optoelectronic devices have shifted research interest to the diversification/advancement of their functionality. Embedding a molecular switch capable of transition between two or more metastable isomers by light stimuli is one of the most straightforward and widely accepted methods to potentially realize the multifunctionality of optoelectronic devices. A molecular switch embedded in a semiconductor can effectively control various parameters such as trap-level, dielectric constant, electrical resistance, charge mobility, and charge polarity, which can be utilized in photoprogrammable devices including transistors, memory, and diodes. This review classifies the mechanism of each optoelectronic transition driven by molecular switches regardless of the type of semiconductor material or molecular switch or device. In addition, the basic characteristics of molecular switches and the persisting technical/scientific issues corresponding to each mechanism are discussed to help researchers. Finally, interesting yet infrequently reported applications of molecular switches and their mechanisms are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Zahid Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan So
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyun Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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38
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Rabecca Jenifer V, Mohan Das T. Smart supramolecular photoresponsive gelator with long-alkyl chain azobenzene incorporated sugar derivatives for recycling aromatic solvents and sequestration of cationic dyes. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:9017-9025. [PMID: 36404737 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01367c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phase-selective gelation of low molecular-weight photoresponsive organogelator possessing long aliphatic chain azobenzene sugar derivatives and its applications in the recycling of aromatic solvents and also the removal of cationic dyes is reported. Very low critical gelation concentration (CGC) in aromatic solvents implies that it acts as a very good gelator. The photoinduced gel-to-sol transition was attained by irradiation with UV light at 350 nm. These organogels work as a selective adsorbent for efficiently removing cationic dyes from individual aqueous dye solutions and in a mixture of cationic and anionic dye solutions show more than 95% removal within 12 h. These insights indicate that these sugar derivatives could be exploited in implementing smart materials for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rabecca Jenifer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur 610 005, India.
| | - Thangamuthu Mohan Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur 610 005, India.
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39
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Synthesis, Photochromic and Luminescent Properties of Ammonium Salts of Spiropyrans. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238492. [PMID: 36500585 PMCID: PMC9736937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New salts of photochromic indoline spiropyrans capable of reversibly responding to UV radiation were synthesized to develop light-controlled materials. Photoinduced reactions of the synthesized compounds were studied using absorption and luminescence spectroscopies, and the quantum yields of photoisomerization and other spectral and kinetic characteristics were measured. It was shown that the light sensitivity and photostability of the synthesized compounds are considerably influenced by the length of the spacer between the indole and ammonium nitrogen atoms.
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40
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Dong Y, Ling Y, Wang D, Liu Y, Chen X, Zheng S, Wu X, Shen J, Feng S, Zhang J, Huang W. Harnessing molecular isomerization in polymer gels for sequential logic encryption and anticounterfeiting. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd1980. [PMID: 36322650 PMCID: PMC9629717 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Using smart photochromic and luminescent tissues in camouflage/cloaking of natural creatures has inspired efforts to develop synthetic stimuli-responsive materials for data encryption and anticounterfeiting. Although many optical data-encryption materials have been reported, they generally require only one or a simple combination of few stimuli for decryptions and rarely offer output corruptibility that prevents trial-and-error attacks. Here, we report a series of multiresponsive donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) with unprecedented switching behavior and controlled reversibility via diamine conformational locking and substrate free-volume engineering and their capability of sequential logic encryption (SLE). Being analogous to the digital circuits, the output of DASA gel-based data-encryption system depends not only on the present input stimulus but also on the sequence of past inputs. Incorrect inputs/sequences generate substantial fake information and lead attackers to the point of no return. This work offers new design concepts for advanced data-encryption materials that operate via SLE, paving the path toward advanced encryptions beyond digital circuit approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yao Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shiya Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Corresponding author. (W.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Weiguo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (W.H.); (J.Z.)
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41
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Razaghi M, Khorasani M, Mohamadnia Z, Kazemi F. Coupling of Hydrophobic Graphene Quantum Dots with Photochromic Molecule for Fabrication of Transparent Photo-Responsive Polymeric Films Manifesting FRET Functioning. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Mandal M, Banik D, Karak A, Manna SK, Mahapatra AK. Spiropyran-Merocyanine Based Photochromic Fluorescent Probes: Design, Synthesis, and Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36988-37007. [PMID: 36312341 PMCID: PMC9608402 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to ever-increasing insights into their fundamental properties and photochromic behaviors, spiropyran derivatives are still a target of interest for researchers. The interswitching ability of this photochrome between the spiropyran (SP) and merocyanine (MC) isoforms under external stimuli (light, cations, anions, pH etc.) with different spectral properties as well as the protonation-deprotonation of its MC form allows researchers to use it suitably in sensing purposes by developing different colorimetric and fluorometric probes. Selective and sensitive recognition can be achieved by little modification of its SP moiety and functional groups. In this review, we emphasize the recent advancements (from 2019 to 2022) of spiropyran-merocyanine based fluorogenic and chromogenic probes for selective detection of various metal ions, anions, neutral analytes, and pH. We precisely explain their design strategies, sensing mechanisms, and biological and environmental applications. This review may accelerate the improvements in designing more advanced probes with innovative applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumi Mandal
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering
Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanjan Banik
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering
Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Karak
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering
Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Saikat Kumar Manna
- Department
of Chemistry, Haldia Government College, Debhog, Haldia, Purba Medinipur 721657, West Bengal, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Mahapatra
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering
Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
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43
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Raucci U, Sanchez DM, Martínez TJ, Parrinello M. Enhanced Sampling Aided Design of Molecular Photoswitches. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19265-19271. [PMID: 36222799 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the evolving field of atomistic simulations promise important insights for the design and fundamental understanding of novel molecular photoswitches. Here, we use state-of-the-art enhanced simulation techniques to unravel the complex, multistep chemistry of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs). Our reaction discovery workflow consists of enhanced sampling for efficient chemical space exploration, refinement of newly observed pathways with more accurate ab initio electronic structure calculations, and structural modifications to introduce design principles within future generations of DASAs. We showcase our discovery workflow by not only recovering the full photoswitching mechanism of DASA but also predicting a plethora of new plausible thermal pathways and suggesting a way for their experimental validation. Furthermore, we illustrate the tunability of these newly discovered reactions, leading to a potential avenue for controlling DASA dynamics through multiple external stimuli. Overall, these insights could offer alternative routes to increase the efficiency and control of DASA's photoswitching mechanism, providing new elements to design more complex light-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David M Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
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44
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The role of intramolecular interactions on the stability of the conformers of a spiropyran derivative. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Rostovtseva IA, Solov’eva EV, Voloshin NA, Chernyshev AV, Morozov PG, Devidov OP, Borodkin GS, Metelitsa AV. Photo- and Ionochromism of 1,3-Dihydrospiro[indole-2,2′-chromene] with Fluorescein Moiety. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036322210005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Mukherjee D, Chakraborty G, Hasan MN, Pal U, Singh P, Rakshit T, Alsantali RI, Saha Dasgupta T, Ahmed S, Das R, Pal SK. Reversible photoswitching of spiropyran in biomolecular interfaces: A combined spectroscopy and computational study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Metelitsa AV, Chernyshev AV, Voloshin NA, Solov'eva EV, Dorogan IV. Chromogenic properties of heterocyclic compounds: Barochromic effect of indoline spiropyrans in the gas phase. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Pramanik B, Ahmed S. Peptide-Based Low Molecular Weight Photosensitive Supramolecular Gelators. Gels 2022; 8:533. [PMID: 36135245 PMCID: PMC9498526 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, stimuli-responsive supramolecular gels comprising synthetic short peptides as building blocks have been explored for various biological and material applications. Though a wide range of stimuli has been tested depending on the structure of the peptides, light as a stimulus has attracted extensive attention due to its non-invasive, non-contaminant, and remotely controllable nature, precise spatial and temporal resolution, and wavelength tunability. The integration of molecular photo-switch and low-molecular-weight synthetic peptides may thus provide access to supramolecular self-assembled systems, notably supramolecular gels, which may be used to create dynamic, light-responsive "smart" materials with a variety of structures and functions. This short review summarizes the recent advancement in the area of light-sensitive peptide gelation. At first, a glimpse of commonly used molecular photo-switches is given, followed by a detailed description of their incorporation into peptide sequences to design light-responsive peptide gels and the mechanism of their action. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for developing next-generation photo-responsive gels and materials are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bapan Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Sahnawaz Ahmed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata 700054, India
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49
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A multi-stage single photochrome system for controlled photoswitching responses. Nat Chem 2022; 14:942-948. [PMID: 35681046 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ability of molecular photoswitches to convert on/off responses into large macroscale property change is fundamental to light-responsive materials. However, moving beyond simple binary responses necessitates the introduction of new elements that control the chemistry of the photoswitching process at the molecular scale. To achieve this goal, we designed, synthesized and developed a single photochrome, based on a modified donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct (DASA), capable of independently addressing multiple molecular states. The multi-stage photoswitch enables complex switching phenomena. To demonstrate this, we show spatial control of the transformation of a three-stage photoswitch by tuning the population of intermediates along the multi-step reaction pathway of the DASAs without interfering with either the first or final stage. This allows for a photonic three-stage logic gate where the secondary wavelength solely negates the input of the primary wavelength. These results provide a new strategy to move beyond traditional on/off binary photochromic systems and enable the design of future molecular logic systems.
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50
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Keyvan Rad J, Balzade Z, Mahdavian AR. Spiropyran-based advanced photoswitchable materials: A fascinating pathway to the future stimuli-responsive devices. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2022.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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