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Wan T, Capaldo L, Djossou J, Staffa A, de Zwart FJ, de Bruin B, Noël T. Rapid and scalable photocatalytic C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl bromides with alkyl boranes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4028. [PMID: 38740738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing demand for drug design approaches that incorporate a higher number of sp3-hybridized carbons, necessitating the development of innovative cross-coupling strategies to reliably introduce aliphatic fragments. Here, we present a powerful approach for the light-mediated B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling between alkyl boranes and aryl bromides. Alkyl boranes were easily generated via hydroboration from readily available alkenes, exhibiting excellent regioselectivity and enabling the selective transfer of a diverse range of primary alkyl fragments onto the arene ring under photocatalytic conditions. This methodology eliminates the need for expensive catalytic systems and sensitive organometallic compounds, operating efficiently at room temperature within just 30 min. We further demonstrate the translation of the present protocol to continuous-flow conditions, enhancing scalability, safety, and overall efficiency of the method. This versatile approach offers significant potential for accelerating drug discovery efforts by enabling the introduction of complex aliphatic fragments in a straightforward and reliable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wan
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- SynCat Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Jonas Djossou
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Staffa
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felix J de Zwart
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bioinspired Catalysis Group (HomKat), van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bioinspired Catalysis Group (HomKat), van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Iyer K, Kavthe R, Hu Y, Lipshutz BH. Nanoparticles as Heterogeneous Catalysts for ppm Pd-Catalyzed Aminations in Water. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:1997-2008. [PMID: 38333203 PMCID: PMC10848299 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
A general protocol employing heterogeneous catalysis has been developed that enables ppm of Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions under aqueous micellar catalysis. A new nanoparticle catalyst containing specifically ligated Pd, in combination with nanoreactors composed of the designer surfactant Savie, a biodegradable amphiphile, catalyzes C-N bond formations in recyclable water. A variety of coupling partners, ranging from highly functionalized pharmaceutically relevant APIs to educts from the Merck Informer Library, readily participate under these environmentally responsible, sustainable reaction conditions. Other key features associated with this report include the low levels of residual Pd found in the products, the recyclability of the aqueous reaction medium, the use of ocean water as an alternative source of reaction medium, options for the use of pseudohalides as alternative reaction partners, and associated low E factors. In addition, an unprecedented 5-step, one-pot sequence is presented, featuring several of the most widely used transformations in the pharmaceutical industry, suggesting potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuting Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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3
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Williams M, Boyer A. Modular Synthesis of Highly Substituted 3-Azapyrroles by Rh(II)-Catalyzed N-H Bond Insertion and Cyclodehydration. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16139-16156. [PMID: 35503987 PMCID: PMC9764362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A modular synthesis of highly substituted 3-azapyrroles has been developed using a three-step sequence comprising copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), N-H bond insertion, and cyclodehydration. 1-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles (1-STs) can be accessed from common alkyne and sulfonyl azide building blocks by CuAAC using CuTC. Rhodium(II)-acetate-promoted 1-ST denitrogenation results in highly electrophilic rhodium azavinyl carbenes that, here, underwent insertion into the N-H bond of secondary α-aminoketones to form 1,2-aminoalkenes. These products were cyclized and dehydrated using BF3·OEt2 into highly substituted 3-azapyrroles. The three steps (CuAAC, N-H bond insertion, and cyclodehydration) could be telescoped into a one-pot process. The method proved to be highly efficient and tolerated a wide range of substituents.
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4
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Allsop GL, Carey JS, Joshi S, Leong P, Mirata MA. Process Development toward a Pro-Drug of R-Baclofen. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glyn L. Allsop
- Indivior, Henry Boot Way, Priory Park, Hull HU4 7DY, U.K
| | - John S. Carey
- Indivior, Henry Boot Way, Priory Park, Hull HU4 7DY, U.K
| | - Sudhir Joshi
- Lonza AG, Rottenstrasse 6, Visp CH-3930, Switzerland
| | - Paul Leong
- Lonza AG, Rottenstrasse 6, Visp CH-3930, Switzerland
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5
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McCann SD, Reichert EC, Arrechea PL, Buchwald SL. Development of an Aryl Amination Catalyst with Broad Scope Guided by Consideration of Catalyst Stability. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15027-15037. [PMID: 32786769 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new dialkylbiaryl monophosphine ligand, GPhos, that supports a palladium catalyst capable of promoting carbon-nitrogen cross-coupling reactions between a variety of primary amines and aryl halides; in many cases, these reactions can be carried out at room temperature. The reaction development was guided by the idea that the productivity of catalysts employing BrettPhos-like ligands is limited by their lack of stability at room temperature. Specifically, it was hypothesized that primary amine and N-heteroaromatic substrates can displace the phosphine ligand, leading to the formation of catalytically dormant palladium complexes that reactivate only upon heating. This notion was supported by the synthesis and kinetic study of a putative off-cycle Pd complex. Consideration of this off-cycle species, together with the identification of substrate classes that are not effectively coupled at room temperature using previous catalysts, led to the design of a new dialkylbiaryl monophosphine ligand. An Ot-Bu substituent was added ortho to the dialkylphosphino group of the ligand framework to improve the stability of the most active catalyst conformer. To offset the increased size of this substituent, we also removed the para i-Pr group of the non-phosphorus-containing ring, which allowed the catalyst to accommodate binding of even very large α-tertiary primary amine nucleophiles. In comparison to previous catalysts, the GPhos-supported catalyst exhibits better reactivity both under ambient conditions and at elevated temperatures. Its use allows for the coupling of a range of amine nucleophiles, including (1) unhindered, (2) five-membered-ring N-heterocycle-containing, and (3) α-tertiary primary amines, each of which previously required a different catalyst to achieve optimal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D McCann
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elaine C Reichert
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pedro Luis Arrechea
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Rossen
- H. Lundbeck A/S Ottiliavej 9 , 2500 Valby , Denmark
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7
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Green S, Wheelhouse KM, Payne AD, Hallett JP, Miller PW, Bull JA. Thermal Stability and Explosive Hazard Assessment of Diazo Compounds and Diazo Transfer Reagents. Org Process Res Dev 2020; 24:67-84. [PMID: 31983869 PMCID: PMC6972035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite their wide use in academia as metal-carbene precursors, diazo compounds are often avoided in industry owing to concerns over their instability, exothermic decomposition, and potential explosive behavior. The stability of sulfonyl azides and other diazo transfer reagents is relatively well understood, but there is little reliable data available for diazo compounds. This work first collates available sensitivity and thermal analysis data for diazo transfer reagents and diazo compounds to act as an accessible reference resource. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) data for the model donor/acceptor diazo compound ethyl (phenyl)diazoacetate are presented. We also present a rigorous DSC dataset with 43 other diazo compounds, enabling direct comparison to other energetic materials to provide a clear reference work to the academic and industrial chemistry communities. Interestingly, there is a wide range of onset temperatures (T onset) for this series of compounds, which varied between 75 and 160 °C. The thermal stability variation depends on the electronic effect of substituents and the amount of charge delocalization. A statistical model is demonstrated to predict the thermal stability of differently substituted phenyl diazoacetates. A maximum recommended process temperature (T D24) to avoid decomposition is estimated for selected diazo compounds. The average enthalpy of decomposition (ΔH D) for diazo compounds without other energetic functional groups is -102 kJ mol-1. Several diazo transfer reagents are analyzed using the same DSC protocol and found to have higher thermal stability, which is in general agreement with the reported values. For sulfonyl azide reagents, an average ΔH D of -201 kJ mol-1 is observed. High-quality thermal data from ARC experiments shows the initiation of decomposition for ethyl (phenyl)diazoacetate to be 60 °C, compared to that of 100 °C for the common diazo transfer reagent p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide (p-ABSA). The Yoshida correlation is applied to DSC data for each diazo compound to provide an indication of both their impact sensitivity (IS) and explosivity. As a neat substance, none of the diazo compounds tested are predicted to be explosive, but many (particularly donor/acceptor diazo compounds) are predicted to be impact-sensitive. It is therefore recommended that manipulation, agitation, and other processing of neat diazo compounds are conducted with due care to avoid impacts, particularly in large quantities. The full dataset is presented to inform chemists of the nature and magnitude of hazards when using diazo compounds and diazo transfer reagents. Given the demonstrated potential for rapid heat generation and gas evolution, adequate temperature control and cautious addition of reagents that begin a reaction are strongly recommended when conducting reactions with diazo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian
P. Green
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Katherine M. Wheelhouse
- API Chemistry, Product Development & Supply and Process Safety,
Pilot Plant Operations, GlaxoSmithKline,
GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - Andrew D. Payne
- API Chemistry, Product Development & Supply and Process Safety,
Pilot Plant Operations, GlaxoSmithKline,
GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - Jason P. Hallett
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Philip W. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - James A. Bull
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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8
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Escribà-Gelonch M, de Leon Izeppi GA, Kirschneck D, Hessel V. Multistep Solvent-Free 3 m 2 Footprint Pilot Miniplant for the Synthesis of Annual Half-Ton Rufinamide Precursor. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2019; 7:17237-17251. [PMID: 31656707 PMCID: PMC6812013 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of a pilot-scale synthesis of the rufinamide precursor in flow chemistry is reported. Complex steps such as Taylor-flow, segmented flow, and high-temperature processing at high pressure (high-p,T) are successfully combined, overcoming the mixing and heat transfer issues of the scale-up. The cascaded multistep process operates essentially solvent-free in just 3 m2 giving a productivity of 47 g/h (>400 kg/year), which increases by a factor of 7 the lab-scale productivity previously reported as a scale-up proof-of-concept. This publication also includes an economic study of the feasible implementation of this technology for a possible manufacturer, as well as an outline on business development strategies of how to implement such a disruptive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Escribà-Gelonch
- Micro
Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés
Catalytiques (UMR 5285), CPE Lyon, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Tel.: +33 (0)4 72 43 17
61. E-mail:
| | | | - Dirk Kirschneck
- MicroInnova
Engineering GmbH, Europapark
1, Allerheiligen bei Wildon, 8412 Austria
| | - Volker Hessel
- Micro
Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, Australia 5005
- Tel. +61 (08) 831 39245.
E-mail: . Website: http://hessel-group.com.au/
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9
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Popova M, Isayev O, Tropsha A. Deep reinforcement learning for de novo drug design. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaap7885. [PMID: 30050984 PMCID: PMC6059760 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap7885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We have devised and implemented a novel computational strategy for de novo design of molecules with desired properties termed ReLeaSE (Reinforcement Learning for Structural Evolution). On the basis of deep and reinforcement learning (RL) approaches, ReLeaSE integrates two deep neural networks-generative and predictive-that are trained separately but are used jointly to generate novel targeted chemical libraries. ReLeaSE uses simple representation of molecules by their simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) strings only. Generative models are trained with a stack-augmented memory network to produce chemically feasible SMILES strings, and predictive models are derived to forecast the desired properties of the de novo-generated compounds. In the first phase of the method, generative and predictive models are trained separately with a supervised learning algorithm. In the second phase, both models are trained jointly with the RL approach to bias the generation of new chemical structures toward those with the desired physical and/or biological properties. In the proof-of-concept study, we have used the ReLeaSE method to design chemical libraries with a bias toward structural complexity or toward compounds with maximal, minimal, or specific range of physical properties, such as melting point or hydrophobicity, or toward compounds with inhibitory activity against Janus protein kinase 2. The approach proposed herein can find a general use for generating targeted chemical libraries of novel compounds optimized for either a single desired property or multiple properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Popova
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow 141700, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Olexandr Isayev
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Corresponding author. (A.T.); (O.I.)
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Corresponding author. (A.T.); (O.I.)
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10
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Latxague L, Gaubert A, Barthélémy P. Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Glycoconjugate Amphiphiles. Molecules 2018; 23:E89. [PMID: 29301326 PMCID: PMC6017060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyconanoparticles essentially result from the (covalent or noncovalent) association of nanometer-scale objects with carbohydrates. Such glyconanoparticles can take many different forms and this mini review will focus only on soft materials (colloids, liposomes, gels etc.) with a special emphasis on glycolipid-derived nanomaterials and the chemistry involved for their synthesis. Also this contribution presents Low Molecular Weight Gels (LMWGs) stabilized by glycoconjugate amphiphiles. Such soft materials are likely to be of interest for different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Latxague
- ARNA Laboratory, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Alexandra Gaubert
- ARNA Laboratory, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- ARNA Laboratory, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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11
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Wallace DJ, Mangion I, Coleman P. Discovery and Chemical Development of Suvorexant - A Dual Orexin Antagonist for Sleep Disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2016-1239.ch001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debra J. Wallace
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co, Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck and Co, Westpoint, Pennsylvania, 19486, United States
| | - Ian Mangion
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co, Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck and Co, Westpoint, Pennsylvania, 19486, United States
| | - Paul Coleman
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck and Co, Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck and Co, Westpoint, Pennsylvania, 19486, United States
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12
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Gupta P, Mahajan A. Green chemistry approaches as sustainable alternatives to conventional strategies in the pharmaceutical industry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00358j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Green chemistry is a rapidly developing field for the sustainable development of future science and technology. Incorporating green chemistry into the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients and intermediates is of ongoing importance to the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princy Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Aman Mahajan
- Research Scientist
- Research and Development Centre
- Apeejay Stya Research Foundation
- Gurgaon
- India
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13
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Hsieh HW, Schombs MW, Gervay-Hague J. Integrating ReSET with glycosyl iodide glycosylation in step-economy syntheses of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens and immunogenic glycolipids. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1736-48. [PMID: 24490844 PMCID: PMC3985971 DOI: 10.1021/jo402736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates mediate a wide range of biological processes, and understanding these events and how they might be influenced is a complex undertaking that requires access to pure glycoconjugates. The isolation of sufficient quantities of carbohydrates and glycolipids from biological samples remains a significant challenge that has redirected efforts toward chemical synthesis. However, progress toward complex glycoconjugate total synthesis has been slowed by the need for multiple protection and deprotection steps owing to the large number of similarly reactive hydroxyls in carbohydrates. Two methodologies, regioselective silyl exchange technology (ReSET) and glycosyl iodide glycosylation have now been integrated to streamline the synthesis of the globo series trisaccharides (globotriaose and isoglobotriaose) and α-lactosylceramide (α-LacCer). These glycoconjugates include tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) and immunostimulatory glycolipids that hold promise as immunotherapeutics. Beyond the utility of the step-economy syntheses afforded by this synthetic platform, the studies also reveal a unique electronic interplay between acetate and silyl ether protecting groups. Incorporation of acetates proximal to silyl ethers attenuates their reactivity while reducing undesirable side reactions. This phenomenon can be used to fine-tune the reactivity of silylated/acetylated sugar building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Matthew W. Schombs
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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14
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Pesti JA, LaPorte T, Thornton JE, Spangler L, Buono F, Crispino G, Gibson F, Lobben P, Papaioannou CG. Commercial Synthesis of a Pyrrolotriazine–Fluoroindole Intermediate to Brivanib Alaninate: Process Development Directed toward Impurity Control. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op400242j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaan A. Pesti
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - Thomas LaPorte
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - John E. Thornton
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - Lori Spangler
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - Frederic Buono
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - Gerard Crispino
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - Frank Gibson
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - Paul Lobben
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - Christos G. Papaioannou
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
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15
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Bieringer T, Buchholz S, Kockmann N. Future Production Concepts in the Chemical Industry: Modular - Small-Scale - Continuous. Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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17
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Funel JA, Abele S. Industrial Applications of the Diels-Alder Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3822-63. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The principles of Green Chemistry are important but challenging drivers for most modern synthesis programs. To meet these challenges new flow chemistry tools are proving to be very effective by providing improved heat/mass transfer opportunities, lower solvent usage, less waste generation, hazardous compound containment, and the possibility of a 24/7 working regime. This machine-assisted approach can be used to effect repetitive or routine scale-up steps or when combined with reagent and scavenger cartridges, to achieve multi-step synthesis of complex natural products and pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven V Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1EW.
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19
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Shinde GB, Niphade NC, Deshmukh SP, Toche RB, Mathad VT. Industrial Application of the Forster Reaction: Novel One-Pot Synthesis of Cinacalcet Hydrochloride, a Calcimimetic Agent. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op200016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gorakshanath B. Shinde
- Department of Process Research and Development, Megafine Pharma (P) Ltd., 201, Lakhmapur, Dindori, Nashik-422 202, Maharashtra, India, and
| | - Navnath C. Niphade
- Department of Process Research and Development, Megafine Pharma (P) Ltd., 201, Lakhmapur, Dindori, Nashik-422 202, Maharashtra, India, and
| | - Shrikant P. Deshmukh
- Department of Process Research and Development, Megafine Pharma (P) Ltd., 201, Lakhmapur, Dindori, Nashik-422 202, Maharashtra, India, and
| | - Raghunath B. Toche
- Organic Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KRT Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College, Gangapur Road, Nashik-422002, India
| | - Vijayavitthal T. Mathad
- Department of Process Research and Development, Megafine Pharma (P) Ltd., 201, Lakhmapur, Dindori, Nashik-422 202, Maharashtra, India, and
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20
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Maiti D, Fors BP, Henderson JL, Nakamura Y, Buchwald SL. Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Functionalized Primary and Secondary Amines with Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides: Two Ligands Suffice in Most Cases. Chem Sci 2011; 2:57-68. [PMID: 22384311 DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report our studies on the use of two catalyst systems, based on the ligands BrettPhos (1) and RuPhos (2), which provide the widest scope for Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions to date. Often low catalyst loadings and short reaction times can be used with functionalized aryl and heteroaryl coupling partners. The reactions are highly robust and can be set up and performed without the use of a glovebox. These catalysts should find wide application in the synthesis of complex molecules including pharmaceuticals, natural products and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139
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21
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Panek JJ, Ward TR, Jezierska-Mazzarello A, Novic M. Flexibility of a biotinylated ligand in artificial metalloenzymes based on streptavidin--an insight from molecular dynamics simulations with classical and ab initio force fields. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2010; 24:719-32. [PMID: 20526651 PMCID: PMC2918797 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-010-9369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the field of enzymatic catalysis, creating activity from a non catalytic scaffold is a daunting task. Introduction of a catalytically active moiety within a protein scaffold offers an attractive means for the creation of artificial metalloenzymes. With this goal in mind, introduction of a biotinylated d(6)-piano-stool complex within streptavidin (SAV) affords enantioselective artificial transfer-hydrogenases for the reduction of prochiral ketones. Based on an X-ray crystal structure of a highly selective hybrid catalyst, displaying significant disorder around the biotinylated catalyst [eta(6)-(p-cymene)Ru(Biot-p-L)Cl], we report on molecular dynamics simulations to shed light on the protein-cofactor interactions and contacts. The results of these simulations with classical force field indicate that the SAV-biotin and SAV-catalyst complexes are more stable than ligand-free SAV. The point mutations introduced did not affect significantly the overall behavior of SAV and, unexpectedly, the P64G substitution did not provide additional flexibility to the protein scaffold. The metal-cofactor proved to be conformationally flexible, and the S112K or P64G mutants proved to enhance this effect in the most pronounced way. The network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds is efficient at stabilizing the position of biotin, but much less at fixing the conformation of an extended biotinylated ligand. This leads to a relative conformational freedom of the metal-cofactor, and a poorly localized catalytic metal moiety. MD calculations with ab initio potential function suggest that the hydrogen bonds alone are not sufficient factors for full stabilization of the biotin. The hydrophobic biotin-binding pocket (and generally protein scaffold) maintains the hydrogen bonds between biotin and protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław J Panek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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22
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Reichard HA, McLaughlin M, Chen MZ, Micalizio GC. Regioselective Reductive Cross-Coupling Reactions of Unsymmetrical Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2010; 2010:391-409. [PMID: 24634606 PMCID: PMC3951371 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present microreview summarizes our progress over the last few years in defining regioselective reductive cross-coupling reactions of unsymmetrical alkynes with terminal- and internal alkynes, aldehydes, and imines. We begin with a brief historical perspective of metal-mediated reductive dimerization reactions of aromatic alkynes and discuss the challenges associated with "crossed" versions of this mode of reactivity. Next, a collection of available methods that allow for regioselective reductive cross-coupling of internal alkynes with terminal and internal alkynes, aldehydes, and imines is summarized. After an examination of the requirements for regioselectivity in these cases, the logic behind our design of alkoxide-directed titanium-mediated reductive cross-coupling reactions is presented. A nomenclature is introduced to delineate the presumed mechanistic origin of regioselection associated with each reaction design, and a presentation of alkoxide-directed regioselective reductive cross-coupling reactions of alkynes follows. Throughout, principal issues related to reactivity and selectivity are discussed to assess scope and limitations of available methods and to describe the broad challenges that exist for defining complex fragment union reactions based on reductive cross-coupling chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute Scripps-Florida 130 Scripps Way #3A2 Jupiter, FL 33458 Fax: (561) 228-3092
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23
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Harsh Reaction Conditions in Continuous-Flow Microreactors for Pharmaceutical Production. Chem Eng Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200900355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Banks A, Breen GF, Caine D, Carey JS, Drake C, Forth MA, Gladwin A, Guelfi S, Hayes JF, Maragni P, Morgan DO, Oxley P, Perboni A, Popkin ME, Rawlinson F, Roux G. Process Development and Scale Up of a Glycine Antagonist. Org Process Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/op9001824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Banks
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Gary F. Breen
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Darren Caine
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - John S. Carey
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher Drake
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Michael A. Forth
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Asa Gladwin
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Guelfi
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Jerome F. Hayes
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Maragni
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - David O. Morgan
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Paul Oxley
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Alcide Perboni
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Matthew E. Popkin
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Fiona Rawlinson
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Guillaume Roux
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Old Powder Mills, Leigh, nr. Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9AN, United Kingdom, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom, and Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
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25
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Pesti J, Chen CK, Spangler L, DelMonte AJ, Benoit S, Berglund D, Bien J, Brodfuehrer P, Chan Y, Corbett E, Costello C, DeMena P, Discordia RP, Doubleday W, Gao Z, Gingras S, Grosso J, Haas O, Kacsur D, Lai C, Leung S, Miller M, Muslehiddinoglu J, Nguyen N, Qiu J, Olzog M, Reiff E, Thoraval D, Totleben M, Vanyo D, Vemishetti P, Wasylak J, Wei C. The Process Development of Ravuconazole: An Efficient Multikilogram Scale Preparation of an Antifungal Agent. Org Process Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/op900065c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaan Pesti
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Chien-Kuang Chen
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Lori Spangler
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Albert J. DelMonte
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Serge Benoit
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Derek Berglund
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey Bien
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Paul Brodfuehrer
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Yeung Chan
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Elisabeth Corbett
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Carrie Costello
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Paul DeMena
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Robert P. Discordia
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Wendel Doubleday
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Zhinong Gao
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Stephane Gingras
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - John Grosso
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Oscar Haas
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - David Kacsur
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Chiajen Lai
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Simon Leung
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Melanie Miller
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Jale Muslehiddinoglu
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Nina Nguyen
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Jun Qiu
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Martina Olzog
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Emily Reiff
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Dominique Thoraval
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Michael Totleben
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Dale Vanyo
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Purushotham Vemishetti
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - John Wasylak
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
| | - Chenkou Wei
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Co., One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191, U.S.A
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26
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Kockmann N, Gottsponer M, Zimmermann B, Roberge D. Enabling Continuous-Flow Chemistry in Microstructured Devices for Pharmaceutical and Fine-Chemical Production. Chemistry 2008; 14:7470-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Roberge DM, Zimmermann B, Rainone F, Gottsponer M, Eyholzer M, Kockmann N. Microreactor Technology and Continuous Processes in the Fine Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry: Is the Revolution Underway? Org Process Res Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/op8001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique M. Roberge
- University of Ottawa, Chemical Engineering, 161 Louis-Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, and Lonza Ltd., 3930 Visp, Switzerland
| | - Bertin Zimmermann
- University of Ottawa, Chemical Engineering, 161 Louis-Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, and Lonza Ltd., 3930 Visp, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Rainone
- University of Ottawa, Chemical Engineering, 161 Louis-Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, and Lonza Ltd., 3930 Visp, Switzerland
| | - Michael Gottsponer
- University of Ottawa, Chemical Engineering, 161 Louis-Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, and Lonza Ltd., 3930 Visp, Switzerland
| | - Markus Eyholzer
- University of Ottawa, Chemical Engineering, 161 Louis-Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, and Lonza Ltd., 3930 Visp, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Kockmann
- University of Ottawa, Chemical Engineering, 161 Louis-Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, and Lonza Ltd., 3930 Visp, Switzerland
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28
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Dichlorodimethylhydantoin–KF as an efficient reagent for one pot synthesis of dialkylfluorophosphates from dialkylphosphites. J Fluor Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Gupta A, Acharya J, Pardasani D, Dubey D. Single step fluorination of dialkylphosphites: trichloroacetonitrile–KF as an efficient reagent for the synthesis of dialkyl fluorophosphates. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Mori Y, Seki M. A Practical Synthesis of Multifunctional Ketones through the Fukuyama Coupling Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Cravotto G, Cintas P. The combined use of microwaves and ultrasound: improved tools in process chemistry and organic synthesis. Chemistry 2007; 13:1902-9. [PMID: 17245792 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microwave heating and ultrasonic waves are among the most simple, inexpensive, and valuable tools in applied chemistry. Besides saving energy, these green techniques promote faster and more selective transformations. Could they be combined to enhance their effects still further? As they are of a basically different nature (quantum and non-quantum fields), each must be fine-tuned by its specific parameters; a combined device will often be subject to additional hazard limitations. However, recent developments evidence that such a combination is certainly possible and safe, ranging from simple modifications to flow systems that are well suited for automation and scaling-up. By using selected examples, this concept article gives an overview of apparatus currently available for simultaneous or tandem irradiation and explains how it can be utilized in organic synthesis and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
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32
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Carlone A, Marigo M, North C, Landa A, Jørgensen KA. A simple asymmetric organocatalytic approach to optically active cyclohexenones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:4928-30. [PMID: 17136250 DOI: 10.1039/b611366d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optically active 2,5-disubstituted-cyclohexen-2-one derivatives have been prepared in a one-pot process consisting of five reaction steps: an organocatalytic asymmetric conjugated addition of beta-ketoesters to alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes that proceeds in aqueous solutions or under solvent-free conditions has been implemented in a multi-step process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Carlone
- Danish National Research Foundation: Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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