1
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Wu J, Tan X, Wu W, Jiang H. Palladium-catalyzed cascade of aza-Wacker and Povarov reactions of aryl amines and 1,6-dienes for hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]quinoline framework. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6776. [PMID: 39117681 PMCID: PMC11310316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Palladium catalyzed tandem reaction represents a one-pot synthetic approach to efficiently synthesize complex functionalized molecules while reducing synthetic steps, aligning with the principles of green chemistry. However, achieving a direct cascade of the aza-Wacker and Povarov reactions in one-pot synthesis presents a challenge due to substrate compatibility issues between the two reactions. In this work, we describe an aza-Wacker/Povarov reaction employing a highly electrophilic palladium catalyst, which effectively converts anilines and 1,6-dienes into hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]quinolines. The optimized conditions yield up to 79%, with a diastereoselectivity > 20:1. Substrate range testing reveals compatibility with various sensitive functional groups, and successful late-stage modifications are performed on several natural products and drug molecules, demonstrating the versatility and practicality of the method. Additionally, a preliminary investigation into the reaction mechanism suggests an aza-Wacker process followed by a Povarov process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xiangwen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
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2
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Zhu W, Han C, Yang G, Huo X, Zhang W. Pd/Cu-Cocatalyzed Enantio- and Diastereodivergent Wacker-Type Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39099165 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The Wacker and Wacker-type reactions are some of the most fundamental and powerful transformations in organic chemistry for their ability to efficiently produce valuable chemicals. Remarkable progress has been achieved in asymmetric oxy/aza-Wacker-type reactions; however, asymmetric Wacker-type dicarbofunctionalization remains underdeveloped, especially for the concurrent construction of two stereocenters. Herein, we report a Pd/Cu-cocatalyzed enantio- and diastereodivergent Wacker-type dicarbofunctionalization of alkene-tethered aryl triflates with imino esters. A series of 2-indanyl motifs bearing adjacent carbon stereocenters could be easily synthesized in moderate to excellent yields and with good to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 dr and >99% ee). Density functional theory calculations revealed that the origin of diastereoselectivity in this Pd/Cu synergistic catalytic system is jointly determined by both the intermolecular anti-carbopalladation of alkenes and the reductive elimination processes, in accordance with the Curtin-Hammett principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chongyu Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaohong Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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3
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Liao K, Fang Y, Sheng L, Chen J, Huang Y. Water mediated redox-neutral cleavage of arylalkenes via photoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6227. [PMID: 39043702 PMCID: PMC11266562 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds remains a challenging task in organic synthesis. Traditional methods for splitting Csp2=Csp2 bonds into two halves typically involve non-redox (metathesis) or oxidative (ozonolysis) mechanisms, limiting their synthetic potential. Disproportionative deconstruction of alkenes, which yields one reduced and one oxidized fragment, remains an unexplored area. In this study, we introduce a redox-neutral approach for deleting a Csp2 carbon unit from substituted arylalkenes, resulting in the formation of an arene (reduction) and a carbonyl product (oxidation). This transformation is believed to proceed through a mechanistic sequence involving visible-light-promoted anti-Markovnikov hydration, followed by photoredox cleavage of Csp3-Csp3 bond in the alcohol intermediate. A crucial consideration in this design is addressing the compatibility between the highly reactive oxy radical species in the latter step and the required hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) reagent for both steps. We found that ethyl thioglycolate serves as the optimal hydrogen-atom shuttle, offering remarkable chemoselectivity among multiple potential HAT events in this transformation. By using D2O, we successfully prepared dideuteromethylated (-CD2H) arenes with good heavy atom enrichment. This work presents a redox-neutral alternative for alkene deconstruction, with considerable potential in late-stage modification of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liao
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Yuqi Fang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518118, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Jiean Chen
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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4
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Cao K, Han J, Ye W, Hu D, Ye Z, Yang J, Zhang J, Chen F. Enantioselective Aminosilylation of Alkenes by Palladium/Ming-Phos-Catalyzed Tandem Narasaka-Heck/Silylation Reaction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403470. [PMID: 38970207 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed enantioselective aminosilylation of alkenes via tandem Aza-Heck/silylation reaction under Pd/Sadphos catalysis is disclosed. A wide array of oxime esters and silicon reagents are tolerated, furnishing the chiral pyrrolines bearing one quaternary or two contiguous stereocenters in good yield with high enantioselectivity. Not only terminal alkenes but also tri-substituented internal alkenes successfully participate in the reaction, delivering vicinal stereocenters in complete diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity. DFT study is conducted to probe the reaction pathway and the origin of the enantioselectivity, which revealed that the stereoinduction arises from the weak interaction between the aromatic ring of the substrate fragment and naphthyl group in the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Cao
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Chemical & Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China
| | - Wenshao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dejun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zihao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
- Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, 200433, China
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5
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Li Y, Shi H, Yin G. Synthetic techniques for thermodynamically disfavoured substituted six-membered rings. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:535-550. [PMID: 38822206 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Six-membered rings are ubiquitous structural motifs in bioactive compounds and multifunctional materials. Notably, their thermodynamically disfavoured isomers, like disubstituted cyclohexanes featuring one substituent in an equatorial position and the other in an axial position, often exhibit enhanced physical and biological activities in comparison with their opposite isomers. However, the synthesis of thermodynamically disfavoured isomers is, by its nature, challenging, with only a limited number of possible approaches. In this Review, we summarize and compare synthetic methodologies that produce substituted six-membered rings with thermodynamically disfavoured substitution patterns. We place particular emphasis on elucidating the crucial stereoinduction factors within each transformation. Our aim is to stimulate interest in the synthesis of these unique structures, while simultaneously providing synthetic chemists with a guide to approaching this synthetic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongjin Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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6
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Rodina D, Vaith J, Paradine SM. Ligand control of regioselectivity in palladium-catalyzed heteroannulation reactions of 1,3-Dienes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5433. [PMID: 38926361 PMCID: PMC11208576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Olefin carbofunctionalization reactions are indispensable tools for constructing diverse, functionalized scaffolds from simple starting materials. However, achieving precise control over regioselectivity in intermolecular reactions remains a formidable challenge. Here, we demonstrate that using PAd2nBu as a ligand enables regioselective heteroannulation of o-bromoanilines with branched 1,3-dienes through ligand control. This approach provides regiodivergent access to 3-substituted indolines, showcasing excellent regioselectivity and reactivity across a range of functionalized substrates. To gain further insights into the origin of selectivity control, we employ a data-driven strategy, developing a linear regression model using calculated parameters for phosphorus ligands. This model identifies four key parameters governing regioselectivity in this transformation, paving the way for future methodology development. Additionally, density functional theory calculations elucidate key selectivity-determining transition structures along the reaction pathway, corroborating our experimental observations and establishing a solid foundation for future advancements in regioselective olefin difunctionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasha Rodina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jakub Vaith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shauna M Paradine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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7
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Zhao L, Liu F, Zhuang Y, Shen M, Xue J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Rong ZQ. CoH-catalyzed asymmetric remote hydroalkylation of heterocyclic alkenes: a rapid approach to chiral five-membered S- and O-heterocycles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8888-8895. [PMID: 38873055 PMCID: PMC11168172 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Saturated heterocycles, which incorporate S and O heteroatoms, serve as fundamental frameworks in a diverse array of natural products, bioactive compounds, and pharmaceuticals. Herein, we describe a unique cobalt-catalyzed approach integrated with a desymmetrization strategy, facilitating precise and enantioselective remote hydroalkylation of unactivated heterocyclic alkenes. This method delivers hydroalkylation products with high yields and excellent stereoselectivity, representing good efficiency in constructing alkyl chiral centers at remote C3-positions within five-membered S/O-heterocycles. Notably, the broad scope and good functional group tolerance of this asymmetric C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling enhance its applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Feipeng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Mengyang Shen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Jing Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Xuchao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Zi-Qiang Rong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
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8
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Suzuki H, Moro R, Matsuda T. Palladium-Catalyzed anti-Michael-Type (Hetero)arylation of Acrylamides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13697-13702. [PMID: 38742920 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This paper reports a direct α-(hetero)arylation of acrylamides through an inverse electron-demand nucleophilic addition, specifically an anti-Michael-type addition. The introduction of a quinolyl directing group facilitates the nucleophilic addition of (hetero)arenes to the α-position of acrylamides. The quinolyl directing group effectively suppresses undesired β-hydrogen elimination and is removable for subsequent derivatization. The presented method provides an atom economical synthesis of α-(hetero)arylamide with a high degree of functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Suzuki
- Tenure-Track Program for Innovative Research, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Ryota Moro
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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9
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Zeng Y, Gao H, Jiang ZT, Zhu Y, Chen J, Zhang H, Lu G, Xia Y. Observation of unusual outer-sphere mechanism using simple alkenes as nucleophiles in allylation chemistry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4317. [PMID: 38773086 PMCID: PMC11109239 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed allylic substitution reactions of alkenes are among the most efficient methods for synthesizing diene compounds, driven by the inherent preference for an inner-sphere mechanism. Here, we present a demonstration of an outer-sphere mechanism in Rh-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction of simple alkenes using gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes as allyl surrogates. This unconventional mechanism offers an opportunity for the fluorine recycling of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes via C - F bond cleavage/reformation, ultimately delivering allylic carbofluorination products. The developed method tolerates a wide range of simple alkenes, providing access to secondary, tertiary fluorides and gem-difluorides with 100% atom economy. DFT calculations reveal that the C - C bond formation goes through an unusual outer-sphere nucleophilic substitution of the alkenes to the allyl-Rh species instead of migration insertion, and the generated carbon cation then forms the C - F bond with tetrafluoroborate as a fluoride shuttle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yulei Zhu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinqi Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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10
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Yang X, Chen P, Liu G. Asymmetric 1,n-Remote Aminoacetoxylation of Unactivated Internal Alkenes Enabled by Palladium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202408305. [PMID: 38760326 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed asymmetric 1,n-remote aminoacetoxylation of cis-alkenes has been developed using PhI(OAc)2 as an oxidant, providing the acetoxylated lactams with excellent enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. The sterically hindered pyridine-oxazoline (Pyox) L3 with a tert-butyl group in oxazoline ring and propyl group in C6 position of pyridinyl is vital for the reaction, where the former is good for asymmetric aminopalladation step and the latter for the chain walking process. The enantioenriched lactam products were proven to be good building blocks for the synthesis of azabicycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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11
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Ciss I, Seck M, Figadère B, Ferrié L. Advances Toward Amphidinolides C, F and U: Isolations, Synthetic Studies and Total Syntheses. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400471. [PMID: 38407454 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Amphidinolides C, F, and U, including C2-C4 analogs, are highly cytotoxic marine macrolides, mainly isolated from dinoflagellates of the genus Amphidinium. All these polyketides share a 75 % or more similar structure, highlighted by a macrolactone ring, at least one trans-2,5-substituted-THF motif and a characteristic polyenic side chain. From their isolation and absolute configurational assignment, the total synthesis of these marine macrolides represented an intense challenge to the organic synthesis community over the last 15 years, with around 14 research groups engaged in this inspiring task. In the first part of this review, we present the different approaches to the isolation and characterization of these natural products, including the most recent analogs, which may cast doubt on the biogenetic origin of these compounds. The various synthetic approaches to the total synthesis of C, F, and U amphidinolides are presented in a second part, focusing on key reactions and/or innovative strategies. The review concludes in a third section summarizing the successful approaches leading to the total synthesis of one of the members of this amphidinolide subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaila Ciss
- BioCIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91400, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Chimie Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar -, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - Matar Seck
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Chimie Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar -, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - Bruno Figadère
- BioCIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Laurent Ferrié
- BioCIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91400, Orsay, France
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12
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Wang DM, Yang L, Chen DP, Wu Y, Tang Y, Wang P. Pd(II)-Catalyzed 1,2-Oxyarylation of Alkenes with O-Acylhydroxylamines as the Oxygen Source. Org Lett 2024; 26:3691-3696. [PMID: 38662519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
O-Acylhydroxylamine has been widely employed as an electrophilic amination reagent in transition-metal-catalyzed C-N coupling reactions, but its use as an electrophilic oxygen source has not been disclosed. Here, we report a Pd-catalyzed 1,2-oxyarylation of alkenes with O-acylhydroxylamines as an oxidant and an oxygen source for the first time. With simple amide as the monodentate directing group, this method features a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Ming Wang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry, and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
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13
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Graf S, Pesch H, Appleson T, Lei T, Breder A, Siewert I. Mechanistic Analysis Reveals Key Role of Interchalcogen Multicatalysis in Photo-Aerobic 3-Pyrroline Syntheses by Aza-Wacker Cyclizations. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301518. [PMID: 38214219 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A light-driven dual and ternary catalytic aza-Wacker protocol for the construction of 3-pyrrolines by partially disulfide-assisted selenium-π-acid multicatalysis is reported. A structurally diverse array of sulfonamides possessing homopolar mono-, di- and trisubstituted olefinic double bonds is selectively converted to the corresponding 3-pyrrolines in up to 95 % isolated yield and with good functional group tolerance. Advanced electrochemical mechanistic investigations of the protocol suggest a dual role of the disulfide co-catalyst. On the one hand, the disulfide serves as an electron hole shuttle between the excited photoredox catalyst and the selenium co-catalyst. On the other hand, the sulfur species engages in the final, product releasing step of the catalytic cycle by accelerating the β-elimination of the selenium moiety, which was found in many cases to lead to considerably improved product yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Graf
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henner Pesch
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Appleson
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tao Lei
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Breder
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Cong F, Sun GQ, Ye SH, Hu R, Rao W, Koh MJ. A Bimolecular Homolytic Substitution-Enabled Platform for Multicomponent Cross-Coupling of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10274-10280. [PMID: 38568080 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds remains one of the most difficult challenges in cross-coupling chemistry. Here, we report a photoredox/nickel dual catalytic approach that enables the simultaneous formation of two C(sp3)-C(sp3) linkages via trimolecular cross-coupling of alkenes with alkyl halides and hypervalent iodine-based reagents. The reaction harnesses a bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) mechanism and chemoselective halogen-atom transfer (XAT) to orchestrate the regioselective addition of electrophilic and nucleophilic alkyl radicals across unactivated alkenes without the need for a directing auxiliary. Utility is highlighted through late-stage (fluoro)alkylation and (trideutero)methylation of C═C bonds bearing different substitution patterns, offering straightforward access to drug-like molecules comprising sp3-hybridized carbon scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Guo-Quan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Si-Han Ye
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
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15
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Babcock DJ, Wolfram AJ, Barney JL, Servagno SM, Sharma A, Nacsa ED. A free-radical design featuring an intramolecular migration for a synthetically versatile alkyl-(hetero)arylation of simple olefins. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4031-4040. [PMID: 38487219 PMCID: PMC10935719 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06476j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A free-radical approach has enabled the development of a synthetically versatile alkyl-(hetero)arylation of olefins. Alkyl and (hetero)aryl groups were added concurrently to a full suite of mono- to tetrasubstituted simple alkenes (i.e., without requiring directing or electronically activating groups) for the first time. Key advances also included the introduction of synthetically diversifiable alkyl groups featuring different degrees of substitution, good diastereocontrol in both cyclic and acyclic settings, the addition of biologically valuable heteroarenes featuring Lewis basic nitrogen atoms as well as simple benzenes, and the generation of either tertiary or quaternary benzylic centers. The synthetic potential of this transformation was demonstrated by leveraging it as the key step in a concise synthesis of oliceridine, a new painkiller that received FDA approval in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Babcock
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Andrew J Wolfram
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Jaxon L Barney
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Santino M Servagno
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Ayush Sharma
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Eric D Nacsa
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
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16
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Huang N, Luo J, Liao L, Zhao X. Catalytic Enantioselective Aminative Difunctionalization of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7029-7038. [PMID: 38425285 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Enantioselective difunctionalization of alkenes offers a straightforward means for the rapid construction of enantioenriched complex molecules. Despite the tremendous efforts devoted to this field, enantioselective aminative difunctionalization remains a challenge, particularly through an electrophilic addition fashion. Herein, we report an unprecedented approach for the enantioselective aminative difunctionalization of alkenes via copper-catalyzed electrophilic addition with external azo compounds as nitrogen sources. A series of valuable cyclic hydrazine derivatives via either [3 + 2] cycloaddition or intramolecular cyclization have been achieved in high chemo-, regio-, enantio-, and diastereoselectivities. In this transformation, a wide range of functional groups, such as carboxylic acid, hydroxy, amide, sulfonamide, and aryl groups, could serve as nucleophiles. Importantly, a new cyano oxazoline chiral ligand was found to play a crucial role in the control of enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihao Liao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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17
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Wan Y, Adda AK, Qian J, Vaccaro DA, He P, Li G, Norton JR. Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT)-Mediated Remote Desaturation Enabled by Fe/Cr-H Cooperative Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4795-4802. [PMID: 38329998 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
An iron/chromium system (Fe(OAc)2, CpCr(CO)3H) catalyzes the preparation of β,γ- or γ,δ-unsaturated amides from 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones. An acyl nitrenoid iron complex seems likely to be responsible for C-H activation. A cascade of three H• transfer steps appears to be involved: (i) the abstraction of H• from a remote C-H bond by the nitrenoid N, (ii) the transfer of H• from Cr to N, and (iii) the abstraction of H• from a radical substituent by the Cr•. The observed kinetic isotope effects are consistent with the proposed mechanism if nitrenoid formation is the rate-determining step. The Fe/Cr catalysts can also desaturate substituted 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones to 3,5-dienamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Augustine K Adda
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - David A Vaccaro
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Peixian He
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Jack R Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
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18
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Wan Y, Ramírez E, Ford A, Zhang HK, Norton JR, Li G. Cooperative Fe/Co-Catalyzed Remote Desaturation for the Synthesis of Unsaturated Amide Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4985-4992. [PMID: 38320266 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Unsaturated amides represent common functional groups found in natural products and bioactive molecules and serve as versatile synthetic building blocks. Here, we report an iron(II)/cobalt(II) dual catalytic system for the syntheses of distally unsaturated amide derivatives. The transformation proceeds through an iron nitrenoid-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (1,5-HAT) mechanism. Subsequently, the radical intermediate undergoes hydrogen atom abstraction from vicinal methylene by a cobaloxime catalyst, efficiently yielding β,γ- or γ,δ-unsaturated amide derivatives under mild conditions. The efficiency of Co-mediated HAT can be tuned by varying different auxiliaries, highlighting the generality of this protocol. Remarkably, this desaturation protocol is also amenable to practical scalability, enabling the synthesis of unsaturated carbamates and ureas, which can be readily converted into various valuable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Emmanuel Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Ayzia Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Harriet K Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jack R Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
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19
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Yang H, Zhang Z, Cao P, Yang T. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Alkene Cross-Dialkylation with Unactivated Alkyl Electrophiles. Org Lett 2024; 26:1190-1195. [PMID: 38308849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed reductive dialkylation of 8-aminoquinoline-tethered aliphatic alkenes with two unactivated alkyl electrophiles is disclosed here. Key to the development of this transformation is the combination of primary alkyl (pseudo)halides and secondary alkyl iodides that produce products in a single regioselective manner. The reaction exhibits good functional group compatibility, and its synthetic utility was demonstrated by the concise synthesis of the precursors of biologically relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Panting Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
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20
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Liu XY, Fang JL, Rao W, Shen D, Yang ZY, Wang SY. Overcoming Radical Stability Order via DABCO-Triggered Desulfurization: Visible-Light-Promoted 1,2,4-Trifunctionalization of Butenyl Benzothiazole Sulfone with Thiosulfonate. J Org Chem 2024; 89:474-483. [PMID: 38096480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A radical 1,2,4-trifunctional reaction of thiosulfonate to unactivated olefin is achieved by a migration strategy under mild conditions. In this reaction, the more unstable primary free radicals are in situ generated after the migration of heteroaryl groups in the presence of DABCO. This trifunctionalization of unactivated olefins involves two C-S bond formations and one C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jia-Lin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Daopeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Yang
- Soochow College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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21
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Kumar R. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed 1,2-Diaminations of Olefins: Synthetic Methodologies and Mechanistic Studies. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300705. [PMID: 37743249 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Diamines are synthetically important motifs in organo-catalysis, natural products, and drug research. Continuous utilization of transition-metal based catalyst in direct 1,2-diamination of olefines, in contrast to metal-free transformations, with numerous impressive advances made in recent years (2015-2023). This review summarized contemporary research on the transition-metal catalyzed/mediated [e. g., Cu(II), Pd(II), Fe(II), Rh(III), Ir(III), and Co(II)] 1,2-diamination (asymmetric and non-asymmetric) especially emphasizing the recent synthetic methodologies and mechanistic understandings. Moreover, up-to-date discussion on (i) paramount role of oxidant and catalyst (ii) key achievements (iii) generality and uniqueness, (iv) synthetic limitations or future challenges, and (v) future opportunities are summarized related to this potential area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, INDIA
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22
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Liu X, Hao L, Wang Y, Ji Y. Synthesis of β-Hydroxysulfides via Multi-Component Cascade Hydroxysulfenylation of Styrenes with NH 4 SCN and Water under Transition-metal-free Conditions. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300901. [PMID: 37964673 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Transition-mental-free multi-component hydroxysulfenylation of styrenes with NH4 SCN and water to from β-hydroxysulfides is established. The reaction mechanism proceeded via a domino reaction after a radical addition to 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. This approach features a wide substrate scope and functional group compatibility, providing 34 compounds in acceptable yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liqiang Hao
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yafei Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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23
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Meng J, He H, Liu Q, Xu H, Huang H, Ni SF, Li Z. Enantioselective Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Desymmetrizative Coupling of 7-Azabenzonorbornadienes with Alkynylanilines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315092. [PMID: 37943545 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
A PdII -catalyzed, domino enantioselective desymmetrizative coupling of 7-azabenzonorbornadienes with alkynylanilines is disclosed herein. This operationally simple transformation generates three covalent bonds and two contiguous stereocenters with excellent enantio- and diastereo-selectivity. The resulting functionalized indole-dihydronaphthalene-amine conjugates served as an appealing platform to streamline the diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) of other valuable enantioenriched compounds. DFT calculations revealed that the two stabilizing non-covalent interactions contributed to the observed enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianru Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Huicai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Lansbergen B, Tewari S, Tomczyk I, Seemann M, Buchholz HL, Rippegarten M, Cieminski DC, Juliá F, Ritter T. Reductive Cross-Coupling of a Vinyl Thianthrenium Salt and Secondary Alkyl Iodides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313659. [PMID: 37966018 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the first reductive vinylation of alkyl iodides. The reaction uses a vinyl thianthrenium salt, a palladium catalyst, and an alkyl zinc intermediate formed in situ to trap the Ln PdII (vinyl) complex formed after oxidative addition before it undergoes undesired homocoupling to form butadiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Lansbergen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Srija Tewari
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ireneusz Tomczyk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Maik Seemann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Henning Louis Buchholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Mike Rippegarten
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Daniel Chamier Cieminski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Fabio Juliá
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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25
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Hu M, Ding H, DeSnoo W, Tantillo DJ, Nairoukh Z. The Construction of Highly Substituted Piperidines via Dearomative Functionalization Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315108. [PMID: 37860947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles play a vital role in pharmaceuticals and natural products, with the six-membered aromatic and aliphatic architectures being commonly used. While synthetic methods for aromatic N-heterocycles are well-established, the synthesis of their aliphatic functionalized analogues, particularly piperidine derivatives, poses a significant challenge. In that regard, we propose a stepwise dearomative functionalization reaction for the construction of highly decorated piperidine derivatives with diverse functional handles. We also discuss challenges related to site-selectivity, regio- and diastereoselectivity, and provide insights into the reaction mechanism through mechanistic studies and density functional theory computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hu
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Hao Ding
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - William DeSnoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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26
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Zhang FP, Wang RH, Li JF, Chen H, Hari Babu M, Ye M. Intermolecular Carbophosphination of Alkynes with Phosphole Oxides via Ni-Al Bimetal-Catalyzed C-P Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314701. [PMID: 37846814 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular carbophosphination reaction of alkynes or alkenes with unreactive C-P bonds remains an elusive challenge. Herein, we used a Ni-Al bimetallic catalyst to realize an intermolecular carbophosphination reaction of alkynes with 5-membered phosphole oxides, providing a series of 7-membered phosphepines in up to 94 % yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rong-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Madala Hari Babu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengchun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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27
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Lu J, Yao Y, Li L, Fu N. Dual Transition Metal Electrocatalysis: Direct Decarboxylative Alkenylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38029443 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Direct decarboxylative alkenylation of widely available aliphatic carboxylic acids with vinyl halides for the synthesis of alkenes with all substitution patterns has been accomplished by means of Ce/Ni dual transition metal electrocatalysis. The reactions employ alkyl acids as the limiting reagents and exhibit a broad scope with respect to both coupling partners. Notably, simple primary alkyl carboxylic acids could be readily engaged as carbon-centered radical precursors in the reaction. This new alkenylation protocol has been successfully demonstrated in direct modification of naturally occurring complex acids and is amenable to the enantioselective decarboxylative alkenylation of arylacetic acid. Mechanistic studies, including a series of controlled experiments and cyclic voltammetry data, allow us to probe the key intermediates and the pathway of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liubo Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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28
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Zhu S, Ye Z, Chen MJ, Wang L, Wang YZ, Zhang KN, Li WB, Ding HM, Li Z, Zhang J. Mechanistic study on the side arm effect in a palladium/Xu-Phos-catalyzed enantioselective alkoxyalkenylation of γ-hydroxyalkenes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7611. [PMID: 37993423 PMCID: PMC10665319 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the asymmetric bifunctionalization of alkenes has received much attention. However, the development of enantioselective alkoxyalkenylation has posed a considerable challenge and has lagged largely behind. Herein, we report a new palladium-catalyzed enantioselective alkoxyalkenylation reaction, using a range of primary, secondary, and tertiary γ-hydroxy-alkenes with alkenyl halides. By employing newly identified Xu-Phos (Xu8 and Xu9) with a suitable side-arm adjacent to the PCy2 motif, a series of allyl-substituted tetrahydrofurans were obtained in good yields with up to 95% ee. Besides (E)-alkenyl halides, (Z)-alkenyl halide was also examined and provided the corresponding (Z)-product as a single diastereomer, supporting a stereospecific oxidative addition and reductive elimination step. Moreover, deuterium labeling and VCD experiments were employed to determine a cis-oxypalladation mechanism. DFT calculations helped us gain deeper insight into the side-arm effect on the chiral ligand. Finally, the practicability of this method is further demonstrated through a gram-scale synthesis and versatile transformations of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P.R. China
| | - Zihao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Jie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhuo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Nan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P.R. China
| | - Han-Ming Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China.
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P.R. China.
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China.
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P.R. China.
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, P.R. China.
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29
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Wei Y, Lin LQH, Lee BC, Koh MJ. Recent Advances in First-Row Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling Reactions for π-Bond Functionalization and C-Glycosylation. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3292-3312. [PMID: 37917928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusEfficient construction of ubiquitous carbon-carbon bonds between two electrophiles has garnered interest in recent decades, particularly if it is mediated by nonprecious, first-row transition metals. Reductive coupling has advantages over traditional cross-coupling by obviating the need for stoichiometric air- and moisture-sensitive organometallic reagents. By harnessing transition metal-catalyzed reductive coupling as a powerful tool, intricate molecular architectures can be readily assembled through the installation of two C-C bonds across π systems (alkenes/alkynes) via reaction with two appropriate electrophiles. Despite advances in reductive alkene difunctionalization, there remains significant potential for the discovery of novel reaction pathways. In this regard, development of reductive protocols that enable the union of challenging alkyl/alkynyl electrophiles in high regio- and chemoselectivity remains a highly sought-after goal.Apart from π-bond functionalization, reductive coupling has found application in carbohydrate chemistry, particularly in the synthesis of valuable C-glycosyl compounds. In this vein, suitable glycosyl donors can be used to generate reactive glycosyl radical intermediates under reductive conditions. Through elaborately designed reactions, these intermediates can be trapped to furnish pharmaceutically relevant glycoconjugates. Consequently, diversification in C-glycosyl compound synthesis using first-row transition metal catalysis holds strong appeal.In this Account, we summarize our efforts in the development of first-row transition metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions for applications in alkene/alkyne functionalization and C-glycosylation. We will first discuss the nickel (Ni)-catalyzed reductive difunctionalization of alkenes, aided by an 8-aminoquinoline (AQ) directing auxiliary. Next, we highlight the Ni-catalyzed hydroalkylation of alkenyl amides tethered with a similar AQ-derived directing auxiliary. Lastly, we discuss an efficient synthesis of 1,3-enynes involving site- and stereoselective reductive coupling of terminal alkynes with alkynyl halides and NHPI esters.Beyond alkene dicarbofunctionalization, we extended the paradigm of transition metal-catalyzed reductive coupling toward the construction of C-glycosidic linkages in carbohydrates. By employing an earth-abundant iron (Fe)-based catalyst, we show that useful glycosyl radicals can be generated from glycosyl chlorides under reductive conditions. These intermediates can be captured in C-C bond formation to furnish valuable C-aryl, C-alkenyl, and C-alkynyl glycosyl compounds with high diastereoselectivity. Our Ni-catalyzed multicomponent union of glycosyl chlorides, aryl/alkyl iodides, and isobutyl chloroformate under reductive conditions led to the stereoselective synthesis of C-acyl glycosides. In addition to Fe and Ni, we discovered a Ti-catalyzed/Mn-promoted synthetic route to access C-alkyl and C-alkenyl glycosyl compounds, through the reaction of glycosyl chlorides with electron-deficient alkenes/alkynes. We further developed an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) photoactivation system leveraging decarboxylative and deaminative strategies for C-glycosylation under Ni catalysis. This approach has been demonstrated to selectively activate carboxyl and amino motifs to furnish glycopeptide conjugates. Finally, through two distinct catalytic transformations of bench-stable heteroaryl glycosyl sulfones, we achieved stereodivergent access to both α- and β-anomers of C-aryl glycosides, one of which involves a Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling with aryl iodides.The findings presented in this Account are anticipated to have far-reaching implications beyond our research. We foresee that these results will pave the way for new transformations founded on the concept of reductive coupling, leading to the discovery of novel applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Leroy Qi Hao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Boon Chong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
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30
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Senapati S, Parida SK, Karandikar SS, Murarka S. Organophotoredox-Catalyzed Arylation and Aryl Sulfonylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Acetates with Diaryliodonium Reagents. Org Lett 2023; 25:7900-7905. [PMID: 37882475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
We report an organophotoredox-catalyzed stereoselective allylic arylation of MBH acetates with a palette of diaryliodonium triflates (DAIRs) to provide the corresponding trisubstituted alkenes in moderate to good yields. The method could be extended to three-component coupling involving 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(sulfur dioxide) adduct (DABSO) as a sulfur dioxide surrogate for the synthesis of biologically relevant allylic sulfones. Both of these reactions were carried out under mild conditions featuring broad scope, robustness, and appreciable functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Senapati
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushanta Kumar Parida
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sayali Sunil Karandikar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India
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31
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Liu Q, Zhou Z, Huang Z, Zhao Y. Palladium-Catalyzed E-Selective Oxidative Amination of Aromatic Amine with 3-Butenoic Acid. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15350-15357. [PMID: 37871285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed oxidative amination of inactive olefins with an aromatic amine was developed using a copper acetate oxidant to yield corresponding secondary and tertiary enamines in moderate to good yields. This new procedure outlines an efficient approach for the construction of enamine skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453000, P. R. China
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32
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Wang Q, Jung H, Kim D, Chang S. Iridium-Catalyzed Migratory Terminal C(sp 3)-H Amidation of Heteroatom-Substituted Internal Alkenes via Olefin Chain Walking. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37906814 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydroamination facilitated by metal hydride catalysis is an appealing synthetic approach to access valuable nitrogen-containing compounds from readily available unsaturated hydrocarbons. While high regioselectivity can be achieved usually for substrates bearing polar chelation groups, the reaction involving simple alkenes frequently provides nonselective outcomes. Herein, we report an iridium-catalyzed highly regioselective terminal C(sp3)-H amidation of internal alkenes utilizing dioxazolones as an amino source via olefin chain walking. Most notably, this mechanistic motif of double bond migration to the terminal position operates not only with dialkyl-substituted simple alkenes including styrenes but also with heteroatom-substituted olefins such as enol ethers, vinyl silanes, and vinyl borons, thus representing the first example of the terminal methyl amidation of the latter type of alkenes through a nondissociative chain walking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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33
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Zhang CP, Zhu YJ, Wang D, Qian J, Zhao YP, Lian C, Zhang ZH, He MY, Chen SC, Chen Q. Ligand-Mediated Regulation of the Chemical/Thermal Stability and Catalytic Performance of Isostructural Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymers. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17678-17690. [PMID: 37856236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the chemical/thermal stability and catalytic activity of coordination polymers (CPs) to achieve high catalytic performance is topical and challenging. The CPs are competent in promoting oxidative cross-coupling, yet they have not received substantial attention. Here, the ligand effect of the secondary ligand of CPs for oxidative cross-coupling reactions was investigated. Specifically, four new isostructural CPs [Co(Fbtx)1.5(4-R-1,2-BDC)]n (denoted as Co-CP-R, Fbtx = 1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazole-1-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene, 4-R-1,2-BDC = 4-R-1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, R = F, Cl, Br, CF3) were prepared. It was found that in the reactions of oxidative amination of benzoxazoles with secondary amines and the oxidative coupling of styrenes with benzaldehydes, both the chemical and thermal stabilities of the four Co-CPs with the R group followed the trend of -CF3 > -Br > -Cl > -F. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the difference in reactivity may be ascribed to the effect of substituent groups on the electron transition energy of the cobalt(II) center of these Co-CPs. These findings highlight the secondary ligand effect in regulating the stability and catalytic performance of coordination networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Peng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Engineering, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Pei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Lian
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yang He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Chun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Qun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
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Dey J, Banerjee N, Daw S, Guin J. Photochemical Oximesulfonylation of Alkenes Using Sulfonyl-Oxime-Ethers as Bifunctional Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312384. [PMID: 37653722 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of oxime ethers as bifunctional reagents remains unknown. Herein, we present a mechanistically distinct strategy that enables oximesulfonylation of olefins using sulfonyl-oxime-ethers as bifunctional reagents under metal-free photochemical conditions. Via concomitant C-S and C-C bond formation, the process permits incorporation of oxime and sulfonyl groups into olefins in a complete atom-economic fashion, providing rapid access to multi-functionalized β-sulfonyl oxime ethers with good yields and stereoselectivity. The method is amenable to functionalization of complex bioactive molecules and is shown to be scalable. A radical chain mechanism initiated via photochemical Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) mediated N-O bond cleavage is suggested for the process, based on our results on mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Nayan Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Swikriti Daw
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Joyram Guin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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35
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Gao S, Liu J, Troya D, Chen M. Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Acylboration of 1,3-Butadienylboronate with Acyl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304796. [PMID: 37712934 PMCID: PMC11144059 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a Cu-catalyzed regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective acylboration of 1,3-butadienylboronate with acyl fluorides. Under the developed conditions, the reactions provide (Z)-β,γ-unsaturated ketones bearing an α-tertiary stereocenter with high Z-selectivity and excellent enantioselectivities. While direct access to highly enantioenriched E-isomers was not successful, we showed that such molecules can be synthesized with excellent E-selectivity and optical purities via Pd-catalyzed alkene isomerization from the corresponding Z-isomers. The orthogonal chemical reactivities of the functional groups embedded in the ketone products allow for diverse chemoselective transformations, which provides a valuable platform for further derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 36849 Auburn, AL (USA); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, (China)
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 36849 Auburn, AL (USA)
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, 24061 Blacksburg, VA (USA)
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 36849 Auburn, AL (USA)
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Kyndiah L, Sarkar FK, Gajurel S, Sarkar R, Anal JMH, Pal AK. Pd@GO catalyzed stereo- and regio-selective addition of arenes to alkynes and synthesis of coumarins via C-H functionalization. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7928-7934. [PMID: 37766675 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A stereo- and regio-selective addition of arenes to alkynes via C-H bond functionalization has been developed using palladium nanoparticles supported on graphite oxide (Pd@GO) as the reusable catalyst. The prepared catalyst was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, TEM, SEM, EDX, P-XRD, and XPS analysis. The thermal stability of the catalyst was established by TGA. The C-H functionalized products were obtained in good to excellent yields (69-92%) at room temperature. The methodology further extended to the synthesis of biologically and pharmaceutically important coumarin molecules from phenols and alkynes. Good to excellent yields of the coumarins (74-92%) were obtained. After the reaction, the catalyst was separated by centrifugation followed by filtration. The recovered catalyst was washed and reused up to five cycles. The advantages of this method are the simple procedure of the catalyst preparation, high catalytic efficiency, high selectivity, good functional group tolerance, low catalyst loading, and gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenida Kyndiah
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Fillip Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Sushmita Gajurel
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Rajib Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Jasha Momo H Anal
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Amarta Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya, India.
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37
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Wang AF, Tian JM, Zhao XJ, Li ZH, Zhang Y, Lu K, Wang H, Zhang SY, Tu YQ, Ding TM, Xie YY. Asymmetric Intramolecular Hydroalkylation of Internal Olefin with Cycloalkanone to Directly Access Polycyclic Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308858. [PMID: 37462217 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric intramolecular hydroalkylation of unactivated internal olefins with tethered cyclic ketones was realized by the cooperative catalysis of a newly designed chiral amine (SPD-NH2 ) and PdII complex, providing straightforward access to either bridged or fused bicyclic systems containing three stereogenic centers with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee) and diastereoselectivity (up to >20 : 1 dr). Notably, the bicyclic products could be conveniently transformed into a diverse range of key structures frequently found in bioactive terpenes, such as Δ6 -protoilludene, cracroson D, and vulgarisins. The steric hindrance between the Ar group of the SPD-NH2 catalyst and the branched chain of the substrate, hydrogen-bonding interactions between the N-H of the enamine motif and the C=O of the directing group MQ, and the counterion of the PdII complex were identified as key factors for excellent stereoinduction in this dual catalytic process by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Fang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Miao Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ka Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Mei Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Yang Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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38
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Wang K, Li J, Zhang H, Chen Y, Li M, Xu J, Liao B, Yi W. DMSO-promoted direct δ-selective arylation of p-quinone methenylpiperidine bearinides to generate fuchsones under metal-free conditions by employing p-QMs themselves or substituted phenols as aryl sources. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7151-7157. [PMID: 37609782 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01018j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Fuchsones have wide applications in modern society. Present methods for generating fuchsones have many disadvantages and there are significant limitations for further exploration of fuchsone applications. Herein, we describe a DMSO-promoted direct δ-selective arylation of p-QMs to synthesize symmetrical and unsymmetrical fuchsones under metal-free conditions by employing p-QMs themselves or substituted phenols as aryl sources. As unprecedented methods, these novel strategies present a great advantage and significance for further exploration of fuchsones and the development of new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Jingping Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Haoxiang Zhang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Mengfan Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Junju Xu
- College of Tabacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Plateau characteristic spice plant resources, Education Department of Yunnan Province 650201, P. R. China
| | - Benren Liao
- Shanghai No. 4 Reagent Chemical Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201512, P. R. China.
| | - Weiyin Yi
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
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39
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Huang N, Liao L, Zhao X. Intermolecular Hydrazinative Halogenation of Alkenes with Potassium Halides as Nucleophilic Halogen Sources: Modular Entry to Phenelzine Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:6587-6592. [PMID: 37616322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
An approach for the efficient synthesis of halogenated hydrazines via acid-mediated electrophilic hydrazinative halogenation of alkenes is disclosed. This transformation proceeds with readily available diethyl azodicarboxylate as a hydrazine source and low-cost potassium halides as nucleophilic halogen sources. A series of iodinated, brominated, and chlorinated hydrazines are facilely produced with a wide range of functional groups. The obtained products are good platform molecules. They can be conveniently converted into a variety of valuable phenelzine analogues which are appealing for development of novel drugs treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lihao Liao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
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40
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Gay BL, Wang YN, Bhatt S, Tarasewicz A, Cooke DJ, Milem EG, Zhang B, Gary JB, Neidig ML, Hull KL. Palladium and Iron Cocatalyzed Aerobic Alkene Aminoboration. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18939-18947. [PMID: 37584107 PMCID: PMC10772865 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Aminoboration of simple alkenes with nitrogen nucleophiles remains an unsolved problem in synthetic chemistry; this transformation can be catalyzed by palladium via aminopalladation followed by transmetalation with a diboron reagent. However, this catalytic process faces inherent challenges with instability of the alkylpalladium(II) intermediate toward β-hydride elimination. Herein, we report a palladium/iron cocatalyzed aminoboration, which enables this transformation. We demonstrate these conditions on a variety of alkenes and norbornenes with an array of common nitrogen nucleophiles. In the developed strategy, the iron cocatalyst is crucial to achieving the desired reactivity by serving as a halophilic Lewis acid to release the transmetalation-active cationic alkylpalladium intermediate. Furthermore, it serves as a redox shuttle in the regeneration of the Pd(II) catalyst by reactivation of nanoparticulate palladium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L. Gay
- University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24 Street, Austin, TX 78712 United States of America
| | - Ya-Nong Wang
- University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24 Street, Austin, TX 78712 United States of America
| | - Shreeja Bhatt
- University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24 Street, Austin, TX 78712 United States of America
| | - Anika Tarasewicz
- University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24 Street, Austin, TX 78712 United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Cooke
- University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24 Street, Austin, TX 78712 United States of America
| | - E. Grace Milem
- University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24 Street, Austin, TX 78712 United States of America
- Stephen F. Austin State University, P.O. Box 13006, SFA Station, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, United States of America
| | - Bufan Zhang
- University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America
| | - J. Brannon Gary
- Stephen F. Austin State University, P.O. Box 13006, SFA Station, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Neidig
- University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America
- University of Oxford, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Kami L. Hull
- University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24 Street, Austin, TX 78712 United States of America
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41
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Ni HQ, Dai JC, Yang S, Loach RP, Chuba MD, McAlpine IJ, Engle KM. Catalytic σ-Bond Annulation with Ambiphilic Organohalides Enabled by β-X Elimination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306581. [PMID: 37306958 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a catalytic cascade sequence involving directed C(sp3 )-H activation followed by β-heteroatom elimination to generate a PdII (π-alkene) intermediate that then undergoes redox-neutral annulation with an ambiphilic aryl halide to access 5- and 6-membered (hetero)cycles. Various alkyl C(sp3 )-oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur bonds can be selectively activated, and the annulation proceeds with high diastereoselectivity. The method enables modification of amino acids with good retention of enantiomeric excess, as well as σ-bond ring-opening/ring-closing transfiguration of low-strain heterocycles. Despite its mechanistic complexity, the method employs simple conditions and is operationally straightforward to perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jing-Cheng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shouliang Yang
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, 10770 Science Center Drive, 92121, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard P Loach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 06340, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Matthew D Chuba
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 06340, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Indrawan J McAlpine
- Genesis Therapeutics, 11568 Sorrento Valley Rd. Suite 8, 92121, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA
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42
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Wang PZ, Chen JR, Xiao WJ. Emerging Trends in Copper-Promoted Radical-Involved C-O Bond Formations. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17527-17550. [PMID: 37531466 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The C-O bond is ubiquitous in biologically active molecules, pharmaceutical agents, and functional materials, thereby making it an important functional group. Consequently, the development of C-O bond-forming reactions using catalytic strategies has become an increasingly important research topic in organic synthesis because more conventional methods involving strong base and acid have many limitations. In contrast to the ionic-pathway-based methods, copper-promoted radical-mediated C-O bond formation is experiencing a surge in research interest owing to a renaissance in free-radical chemistry and photoredox catalysis. This Perspective highlights and appraises state-of-the-art techniques in this burgeoning research field. The contents are organized according to the different reaction types and working models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Zi Wang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430083, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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43
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Yang S, Wu JY, Lin S, Pu M, Huang ZS, Wang H, Li Q. Divergent Fluorinations of Vinylcyclopropanes: Ring-Opening 1,5-Hydrofluorination and Ring-Retaining 1,2-Difluorination. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300476. [PMID: 37366264 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Organofluorine compounds have been widely used in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material sciences. Reported herein are divergent fluorination reactions of vinylcyclopropanes with different electrophiles, which allow the facile synthesis of homoallylic monofluorides and vicinal-difluorides through ring-opening 1,5-hydrofluorination and ring-retaining 1,2-difluorination, respectively. Both protocols feature mild conditions, simple operations, good functional group tolerance, and generally good yields. The practicality of these reactions is demonstrated by their scalability, as well as the successful conversion of the formed homoallylic monofluorides into other complex fluorinated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Yunzi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Meicen Pu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Honggen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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44
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Gong J, Wang Q, Zhu J. Diverting the 5- exo-Trig Oxypalladation to Formally 6- endo-Trig Fluorocycloetherification Product through 1,2-O/Pd(IV) Dyotropic Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:15735-15741. [PMID: 37462356 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed cyclizative functionalization of γ-hydroxyalkenes affords tetrahydrofuran derivatives via a key 5-exo-trig oxypalladation step. Herein, we report a palladium(II)-catalyzed, Selectfluor-mediated formal 6-endo-trig fluorocycloetherification of γ-hydroxyalkenes for the synthesis of functionalized tetrahydropyrans. Mechanistically, an σ-alkyl-Pd(II) intermediate resulting from the 5-exo-trig oxypalladation process is isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Its oxidation with Selectfluor to Pd(IV) triggers the chemoselective 1,2-O/Pd(IV) dyotropic rearrangement affording, after C-F bond-forming reductive elimination, the tetrahydropyrans with concurrent generation of a tertiary carbon-fluorine bond. The occurrence of this 1,2-positional interchange is further evidenced by trapping the rearranged quaternary C(sp3)-Pd bond by an internal nucleophile that is materialized by the development of a Pd(II)-catalyzed oxidative bis-heterocyclization of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gong
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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45
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Yang H, Ye Y. Recent Progress in NiH-Catalyzed Linear or Branch Hydrofunctionalization of Terminal or Internal Alkenes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:23. [PMID: 37474812 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The construction of C-C and C-X (X = N, O, Si, etc.) bonds is an important field in organic synthesis and methodology. In recent decades, studies on transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of alkenes have been on the rise. The individual properties of different transition metals determine the type of reaction that can be applied. Generally, post-transition metals with a large number of electrons in the d-orbit such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, etc., can be applied to more reaction types than pre-transition metals with a small number of electrons (e.g., Ti, Zr, etc.). Alkyl nickel intermediates formed by oxidative addition could couple with various of nucleophiles or electrophiles. Moreover, nickel has several oxidation valence states, which can flexibly realize a variety of catalytic cycles. These characteristics make nickel favored by researchers in the field of functionalization of alkenes, especially for the hydrofunctionalization of alkenes. Both terminal and internal alkenes could be converted, and the strategies of synthesizing linear and branched compounds have been expanded. Moreover, the guiding groups in alkenes played an almost decisive role in the regional selectivity, and the ligand or temperature also had regulating effects. Herein, we will give a comprehensive and timely overview of the works about the Ni-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of alkenes and some insights on regional selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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46
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Cai Y, Chatterjee S, Ritter T. Photoinduced Copper-Catalyzed Late-Stage Azidoarylation of Alkenes via Arylthianthrenium Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37307146 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The arylethylamine pharmacophore is conserved across a range of biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals, particularly in molecules that act on the central nervous system. Herein, we present a photoinduced copper-catalyzed azidoarylation of alkenes at a late stage with arylthianthrenium salts, allowing access to highly functionalized acyclic (hetero)arylethylamine scaffolds that are otherwise difficult to access. A mechanistic study is consistent with a rac-BINAP-CuI-azide (2) as the photoactive catalytic species. We show the utility of the new method by the expedient synthesis of racemic melphalan in four steps through C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cai
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sagnik Chatterjee
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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47
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Kumar A, Khatun GN, Fernandes RA. TBAI-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroxyperoxidation of 1-Aryl/Alkyl-1,3-dienes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37267087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, mild, and economical approach for regioselective synthesis of 4-aryl/alkyl-1-peroxy-but-3-en-2-ols from 1-substituted-1,3-butadienes using hydroperoxides and catalyzed by TBAI has been developed. This method can be executed in a simple operation with no dry conditions required and having tolerance to a wide range of substrates to access corresponding hydroxyperoxidates in good yields. Thus, an excellent regioselective orthogonal dioxygenation in a diene system has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gulenur N Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rodney A Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
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48
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Ni HQ, Karunananda MK, Zeng T, Yang S, Liu Z, Houk KN, Liu P, Engle KM. Redox-Paired Alkene Difunctionalization Enables Skeletally Divergent Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37220422 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Multistep organic synthesis enables conversion of simple chemical feedstocks into a more structurally complex product that serves a particular function. The target compound is forged over several steps, with concomitant generation of byproducts in each step to account for underlying mechanistic features of the reactions (e.g., redox processes). To map structure-function relationships, libraries of molecules are often needed, and these are typically prepared by iterating an established multistep synthetic sequence. An underdeveloped approach is designing organic reactions that generate multiple valuable products with different carbogenic skeletons in a single synthetic operation. Taking inspiration from paired electrosynthesis processes that are widely used in commodity chemical production (e.g., conversion of glucose to sorbitol and gluconic acid), we report a palladium-catalyzed reaction that converts a single alkene starting material into two skeletally distinct products in a single operation through a series of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming events enabled by mutual oxidation and reduction, a process that we term redox-paired alkene difunctionalization. We demonstrate the scope of the method in enabling simultaneous access to reductively 1,2-diarylated and oxidatively [3 + 2]-annulated products, and we explore the mechanistic details of this unique catalytic system using a combination of experimental techniques and density functional theory (DFT). The results described herein establish a distinct approach to small-molecule library synthesis that can increase the rate of compound production. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate how a single transition-metal catalyst can mediate a sophisticated redox-paired process through multiple pathway-selective events along the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Malkanthi K Karunananda
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tian Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Shenghua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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49
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Wu Z, Meng J, Liu H, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhang W. Multi-site programmable functionalization of alkenes via controllable alkene isomerization. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01209-x. [PMID: 37202630 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Direct and selective functionalization of hydrocarbon chains is a fundamental problem in synthetic chemistry. Conventional functionalization of C=C double bonds and C(sp3)-H bonds provides some solutions, but site diversity remains an issue. The merging of alkene isomerization with (oxidative) functionalization provides an ideal method for remote functionalization, which would provide more opportunities for site diversity. However, the reported functionalized sites are still limited and focus on a specific terminal position and internal site; new site-selective functionalization, including multi-functionalization, remains a largely unmet challenge. Here we describe a palladium-catalysed aerobic oxidative method for the multi-site programmable functionalization, involving the C=C double bond and multiple C(sp3)-H bonds, of terminal olefins via a strategy that controls the reaction sequence between alkene isomerization and oxidative functionalization. Specifically, 1-acetoxylation (anti-Markovnikov), 2-acetoxylation, 1,2-diacetoxylation and 1,2,3-triacetoxylation have been realized, accompanied by controllable remote alkenylation. This method enables available terminal olefins from petrochemical feedstocks to be readily converted into unsaturated alcohols and polyalcohols and particularly into different monosaccharides and C-glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjie Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huikang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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50
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Zhang S, Yang L, Fu J, Tan Q, Liu K, Huang T, Li C, Liu L, Chen T. Palladium-catalyzed and norbornene-mediated C-H amination and C-O alkenylation of aryl triflates. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4398-4403. [PMID: 37161968 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00260h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The C-H amination and C-O alkenylation of aryl triflates was achieved through Pd/norbornene (NBE) cooperative catalysis. By this strategy, various ortho-alkenyl tertiary anilines including those bearing functional groups were produced in good to excellent yields. This reaction represents a new conversion model for phenoxides. It expands the scope of Catellani-type reactions and the application of phenoxides in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab. of Fine Chem., Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab. of Fine Chem., Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Jianbin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab. of Fine Chem., Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Qihang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab. of Fine Chem., Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Kuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab. of Fine Chem., Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab. of Fine Chem., Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab. of Fine Chem., Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab. of Fine Chem., Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab. of Fine Chem., Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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