1
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Fusè M, Mazzeo G, Ghidinelli S, Evidente A, Abbate S, Longhi G. Experimental and theoretical aspects of magnetic circular dichroism and magnetic circularly polarized luminescence in the UV, visible and IR ranges: A review. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124583. [PMID: 38850611 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
A historical sketch of the MCD (magnetic circular dichroism) spectroscopy is reported in its experimental and theoretical aspects. MCPL (magnetic circularly polarized luminescence) is also considered. The main studies are presented encompassing porphyrinoid systems, aggregates and materials, as well as simple organic molecules useful for the advancement of the interpretation. The MCD of chiral systems is discussed with special attention to new studies of natural products with potential pharmaceutical valence, including Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and related isocarbostyrils. Finally, the vibrational form of MCD, called MVCD, which is recorded in the IR part of the spectrum is also discussed. A final brief note on perspectives is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fusè
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Ghidinelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70185 Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, INO-CNR, Research Unit of Brescia, c/o CSMT, Via Branze 35, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, INO-CNR, Research Unit of Brescia, c/o CSMT, Via Branze 35, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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2
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Gao B. Tinned: A symbolic library for response theory and high-order derivatives. J Comput Chem 2024. [PMID: 38780502 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A symbolic C++ library-Tinned-has been developed for symbolic differentiation and manipulation in response theory. By recognizing different key building blocks in the density matrix-based (Thorvaldsen et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2008, 129, 214108) and coupled-cluster response theories, we have implemented their corresponding C++ symbolic classes, including but not limited to one- and two-electron operators, exchange-correlation energy and potential, and coupled-cluster operator. Formulas of response theory can be well expressed in terms of the symbolic classes in the library Tinned. Their high-order perturbation-strength derivatives can be straightforwardly computed and extracted afterwards for numerical evaluation. The library Tinned will greatly facilitate the development work of response theory and may lead to a unified framework for response theory at different levels of electronic structure theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gao
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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3
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Kaka KS, Castet F, Champagne B. On the third-order nonlinear optical responses of cis and trans stilbenes - a quantum chemistry investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14808-14824. [PMID: 38717796 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00522h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The second hyperpolarizabilities (γ) of the stilbene molecular switch in its trans and cis forms have been calculated using quantum chemistry methods to address their third-order nonlinear optical contrasts, to assess the reliability of lower-cost DFT methods, and to make comparisons with experiments. First, the reference CCSD(T) method shows that trans-stilbene presents a γ‖ value twice larger than its cis isomer (its γTHS value is 2.7 times larger). Among more cost-effective methods, reliable results are obtained at MP2 as well as with DFT, provided the CAM-B3LYP or ωB97X-D XCFs are employed. Supplementary DFT calculations have investigated the relationships between the accuracy of the exchange-correlation functionals, the fulfillment of Koopmans' theorem, and the delocalization error, and they demonstrated that satisfying Koopmans' theorem is not the condition for the best accuracy but that functionals with small delocalization errors are generally efficient. Using the selected CAM-B3LYP, large γ enhancements by about 70% (trans-stilbene) and 50% (cis-stilbene) have been evidenced when accounting for solvent effects using an implicit solvation model (IEFPCM), even for apolar solvents. Then, the frequency dispersion of the γ responses has been described using Bishop polynomial expansions, allowing comparisons with a broad set of experimental data. To a certain extent, no systematic agreement between the calculations and the measured values was found. On the one hand, the agreement is satisfactory for the γ(-ω;ω,-ω,ω) quantities, provided that the dominant vibrational contribution is taken into account. On the other hand, the agreement is poor for the γ(-2ω;ω,ω,0) and γ(-3ω;ω,ω,ω) quantities, while some inconsistencies between experimental values are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komlanvi Sèvi Kaka
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, NISM (Namur Institute of Structured Matter), University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Frédéric Castet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, NISM (Namur Institute of Structured Matter), University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
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4
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Ziems KM, Kjellgren ER, Reinholdt P, Jensen PWK, Sauer SPA, Kongsted J, Coriani S. Which Options Exist for NISQ-Friendly Linear Response Formulations? J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3551-3565. [PMID: 38662999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Linear response (LR) theory is a powerful tool in classic quantum chemistry crucial to understanding photoinduced processes in chemistry and biology. However, performing simulations for large systems and in the case of strong electron correlation remains challenging. Quantum computers are poised to facilitate the simulation of such systems, and recently, a quantum linear response formulation (qLR) was introduced [Kumar et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2023, 19, 9136-9150]. To apply qLR to near-term quantum computers beyond a minimal basis set, we here introduce a resource-efficient qLR theory, using a truncated active-space version of the multiconfigurational self-consistent field LR ansatz. Therein, we investigate eight different near-term qLR formalisms that utilize novel operator transformations that allow the qLR equations to be performed on near-term hardware. Simulating excited state potential energy curves and absorption spectra for various test cases, we identify two promising candidates, dubbed "proj LRSD" and "all-proj LRSD".
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Michael Ziems
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Erik Rosendahl Kjellgren
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Phillip W K Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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5
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Jensen PWK, Kjellgren ER, Reinholdt P, Ziems KM, Coriani S, Kongsted J, Sauer SPA. Quantum Equation of Motion with Orbital Optimization for Computing Molecular Properties in Near-Term Quantum Computing. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3613-3625. [PMID: 38701352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Determining the properties of molecules and materials is one of the premier applications of quantum computing. A major question in the field is how to use imperfect near-term quantum computers to solve problems of practical value. Inspired by the recently developed variants of the quantum counterpart of the equation-of-motion (qEOM) approach and the orbital-optimized variational quantum eigensolver (oo-VQE), we present a quantum algorithm (oo-VQE-qEOM) for the calculation of molecular properties by computing expectation values on a quantum computer. We perform noise-free quantum simulations of BeH2 in the series of STO-3G/6-31G/6-31G* basis sets and of H4 and H2O in 6-31G using an active space of four electrons and four spatial orbitals (8 qubits) to evaluate excitation energies, electronic absorption, and, for twisted H4, circular dichroism spectra. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can reproduce the results of conventional classical CASSCF calculations for these molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip W K Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Rosendahl Kjellgren
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Karl Michael Ziems
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Reinholdt P, Kjellgren ER, Fuglsbjerg JH, Ziems KM, Coriani S, Sauer SPA, Kongsted J. Subspace Methods for the Simulation of Molecular Response Properties on a Quantum Computer. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3729-3740. [PMID: 38691524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
We explore Davidson methods for obtaining excitation energies and other linear response properties within the recently developed quantum self-consistent linear response (q-sc-LR) method. Davidson-type methods allow for obtaining only a few selected excitation energies without explicitly constructing the electronic Hessian since they only require the ability to perform Hessian-vector multiplications. We apply the Davidson method to calculate the excitation energies of hydrogen chains (up to H10) and analyze aspects of statistical noise for computing excitation energies on quantum simulators. Additionally, we apply Davidson methods for computing linear response properties such as static polarizabilities for H2, LiH, H2O, OH-, and NH3, and show that unitary coupled cluster outperforms classical projected coupled cluster for molecular systems with strong correlation. Finally, we formulate the Davidson method for damped (complex) linear response, with application to the nitrogen K-edge X-ray absorption of ammonia, and the C6 coefficients of H2, LiH, H2O, OH-, and NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Erik Rosendahl Kjellgren
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | | | - Karl Michael Ziems
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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7
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Tao Z, Qiu T, Bhati M, Bian X, Duston T, Rawlinson J, Littlejohn RG, Subotnik JE. Practical phase-space electronic Hamiltonians for ab initio dynamics. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:124101. [PMID: 38526114 DOI: 10.1063/5.0192084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern electronic structure theory is built around the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and the construction of an electronic Hamiltonian Ĥel(X) that depends on the nuclear position X (and not the nuclear momentum P). In this article, using the well-known theory of electron translation (Γ') and rotational (Γ″) factors to couple electronic transitions to nuclear motion, we construct a practical phase-space electronic Hamiltonian that depends on both nuclear position and momentum, ĤPS(X,P). While classical Born-Oppenheimer dynamics that run along the eigensurfaces of the operator Ĥel(X) can recover many nuclear properties correctly, we present some evidence that motion along the eigensurfaces of ĤPS(X,P) can better capture both nuclear and electronic properties (including the elusive electronic momentum studied by Nafie). Moreover, only the latter (as opposed to the former) conserves the total linear and angular momentum in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mansi Bhati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Xuezhi Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Titouan Duston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Rawlinson
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G Littlejohn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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8
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Liu S. Harvesting Chemical Understanding with Machine Learning and Quantum Computers. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:135-142. [PMID: 38560751 PMCID: PMC10979482 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
It is tenable to argue that nobody can predict the future with certainty, yet one can learn from the past and make informed projections for the years ahead. In this Perspective, we overview the status of how theory and computation can be exploited to obtain chemical understanding from wave function theory and density functional theory, and then outlook the likely impact of machine learning (ML) and quantum computers (QC) to appreciate traditional chemical concepts in decades to come. It is maintained that the development and maturation of ML and QC methods in theoretical and computational chemistry represent two paradigm shifts about how the Schrödinger equation can be solved. New chemical understanding can be harnessed in these two new paradigms by making respective use of ML features and QC qubits. Before that happens, however, we still have hurdles to face and obstacles to overcome in both ML and QC arenas. Possible pathways to tackle these challenges are proposed. We anticipate that hierarchical modeling, in contrast to multiscale modeling, will emerge and thrive, becoming the workhorse of in silico simulations in the next few decades.
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9
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Arasaki Y, Takatsuka K. Sonification of molecular electronic energy density and its dynamics. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9099-9108. [PMID: 38500631 PMCID: PMC10945511 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A method is proposed for sonification of the molecular electronic energy density. The characteristic energetic structures of the individual complicated electronic wavefunctions are extracted in terms of the Energy Natural Orbitals (ENO), which are the eigenfunctions of the electronic energy density operator [K. Takatsuka and Y. Arasaki, J. Chem. Phys., 2021, 154, 094103]. Then, the frequency corresponding to each ENO energy is linearly transformed to the audible range. The time-variation of the population of the ENO serves as the volume (amplitude) of the sound. We demonstrate the sonification and associated voiceprints for a couple of very basic chemical bondings, from across an avoided crossing, and from the bond dissociation of a cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Arasaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University 606-8103 Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazuo Takatsuka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University 606-8103 Kyoto Japan
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10
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Brakestad A, Jensen SR, Tantardini C, Pitteloud Q, Wind P, Užulis J, Gulans A, Hopmann KH, Frediani L. Scalar Relativistic Effects with Multiwavelets: Implementation and Benchmark. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:728-737. [PMID: 38181377 PMCID: PMC10809714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The importance of relativistic effects in quantum chemistry is widely recognized, not only for heavier elements but throughout the periodic table. At the same time, relativistic effects are strongest in the nuclear region, where the description of electrons through a linear combination of atomic orbitals becomes more challenging. Furthermore, the choice of basis sets for heavier elements is limited compared with lighter elements where precise basis sets are available. Thanks to the framework of multiresolution analysis, multiwavelets provide an appealing alternative to overcoming this challenge: they lead to robust error control and adaptive algorithms that automatically refine the basis set description until the desired precision is reached. This allows one to achieve a proper description of the nuclear region. In this work, we extended the multiwavelet-based code MRChem to the scalar zero-order regular approximation framework. We validated our implementation by comparing the total energies for a small set of elements and molecules. To confirm the validity of our implementation, we compared both against a radial numerical code for atoms and the plane-wave-based code EXCITING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Brakestad
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, UiT
The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Stig Rune Jensen
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, UiT
The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Christian Tantardini
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, UiT
The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Department
of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Quentin Pitteloud
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, UiT
The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Peter Wind
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, UiT
The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Jānis Užulis
- Department
of Physics, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, Riga, Latvia 1004, Latvia
| | - Andris Gulans
- Department
of Physics, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, Riga, Latvia 1004, Latvia
| | | | - Luca Frediani
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, UiT
The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
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11
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Yuan X, Halbert L, Pototschnig JV, Papadopoulos A, Coriani S, Visscher L, Pereira Gomes AS. Formulation and Implementation of Frequency-Dependent Linear Response Properties with Relativistic Coupled Cluster Theory for GPU-Accelerated Computer Architectures. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:677-694. [PMID: 38193434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
We present the development and implementation of relativistic coupled cluster linear response theory (CC-LR), which allows the determination of molecular properties arising from time-dependent or time-independent electric, magnetic, or mixed electric-magnetic perturbations (within a common gauge origin for the magnetic properties) as well as taking into account the finite lifetime of excited states in the framework of damped response theory. We showcase our implementation, which is capable to offload the computationally intensive tensor contractions characteristic of coupled cluster theory onto graphical processing units, in the calculation of (a) frequency-(in)dependent dipole-dipole polarizabilities of IIB atoms and selected diatomic molecules, with a particular emphasis on the calculation of valence absorption cross sections for the I2 molecule; (b) indirect spin-spin coupling constants for benchmark systems such as the hydrogen halides (HX, X = F-I) as well the H2Se-H2O dimer as a prototypical system containing hydrogen bonds; and (c) optical rotations at the sodium D line for hydrogen peroxide analogues (H2Y2, Y = O, S, Se, Te). Thanks to this implementation, we are able to show the similarities in performance, but often the significant discrepancies, between CC-LR and approximate methods such as density functional theory. Comparing standard CC response theory with the flavor based upon the equation of motion formalism, we find that for valence properties such as polarizabilities, the two frameworks yield very similar results across the periodic table as found elsewhere in the literature; for properties that probe the core region, such as spin-spin couplings, on the other hand, we show a progressive differentiation between the two as relativistic effects become more important. Our results also suggest that as one goes down the periodic table, it may become increasingly difficult to measure pure optical rotation at the sodium D line due to the appearance of absorbing states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yuan
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523─PhLAM─Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loïc Halbert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523─PhLAM─Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Johann Valentin Pototschnig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasios Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry─Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Tantardini C, Di Remigio Eikås R, Bjørgve M, Jensen SR, Frediani L. Full Breit Hamiltonian in the Multiwavelets Framework. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:882-890. [PMID: 38163290 PMCID: PMC10809419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
New techniques in core-electron spectroscopy are necessary to resolve the structures of oxides of f-elements and other strongly correlated materials that are present only as powders and not as single crystals. Thus, accurate quantum chemical methods must be developed to calculate core spectroscopic properties in such materials. In this contribution, we present an important development in this direction, extending our fully adaptive real-space multiwavelet basis framework to tackle the four-component Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Hamiltonian. We show that multiwavelets can reproduce one-dimensional grid-based approaches. They are however a fully three-dimensional approach which can later be extended to molecules and materials. Our multiwavelet implementation attained precise results irrespective of the chosen nuclear model, provided that the error threshold is tight enough and that the chosen polynomial basis is sufficiently large. Furthermore, our results confirmed that in two-electron species, the magnetic and Gauge contributions from s-orbitals are identical in magnitude and can account for the experimental evidence from K and L edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tantardini
- Hylleraas
Centre, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Roberto Di Remigio Eikås
- Hylleraas
Centre, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Algorithmiq
Ltd., Kanavakatu 3C, FI-00160 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Magnar Bjørgve
- Hylleraas
Centre, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stig Rune Jensen
- Hylleraas
Centre, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Luca Frediani
- Hylleraas
Centre, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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13
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Postils V, Burešová Z, Casanova D, Champagne B, Bureš F, Rodriguez V, Castet F. Second-order nonlinear optical properties of X-shaped pyrazine derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1709-1721. [PMID: 38131670 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This work reports an investigation of the second-order NLO properties of two isomer series of X-shaped pyrazine derivatives, by means of HRS measurements and DFT calculations. The systems differ in the relative position of the donor and acceptor substituents with respect to the axis formed by the nitrogen atoms of the central pyrazine ring. Although the magnitude of the second harmonic signal is similar, HRS measurements revealed that the anisotropy of the NLO response strongly differs in the two chromophore series, the one of the 2,3-isomers being strikingly dipolar, while the one of the 2,6-isomers is mostly octupolar. The experimental observations are well supported by DFT calculations. In particular, the sum-over-states approach allows us to rationalize the different NLO anisotropies observed in the two isomer series through a detailed analysis of the symmetry of the low-lying excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verònica Postils
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Zuzana Burešová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, Chemistry Department, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Filip Bureš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Vincent Rodriguez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
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14
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Schattenberg C, Wodyński A, Åström H, Sundholm D, Kaupp M, Lehtola S. Revisiting Gauge-Independent Kinetic Energy Densities in Meta-GGAs and Local Hybrid Calculations of Magnetizabilities. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10896-10907. [PMID: 38100678 PMCID: PMC10758120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In a recent study [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021, 17, 1457-1468], some of us examined the accuracy of magnetizabilities calculated with density functionals representing the local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA), meta-GGA (mGGA), as well as global hybrid (GH) and range-separated (RS) hybrid functionals by assessment against accurate reference values obtained with coupled-cluster theory with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)]. Our study was later extended to local hybrid (LH) functionals by Holzer et al. [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021, 17, 2928-2947]; in this work, we examine a larger selection of LH functionals, also including range-separated LH (RSLH) functionals and strong-correlation LH (scLH) functionals. Holzer et al. also studied the importance of the physically correct handling of the magnetic gauge dependence of the kinetic energy density (τ) in mGGA calculations by comparing the Maximoff-Scuseria formulation of τ used in our aforementioned study to the more physical current-density extension derived by Dobson. In this work, we also revisit this comparison with a larger selection of mGGA functionals. We find that the newly tested LH, RSLH, and scLH functionals outperform all of the functionals considered in the previous studies. The various LH functionals afford the seven lowest mean absolute errors while also showing remarkably small standard deviations and mean errors. Most strikingly, the best two functionals are scLHs that also perform remarkably well in cases with significant multiconfigurational character, such as the ozone molecule, which is traditionally excluded from statistical error evaluations due to its large errors with common density functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar
J. Schattenberg
- Institut
für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Artur Wodyński
- Institut
für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hugo Åström
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55
(A.I. Virtanens plats 1), University of Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55
(A.I. Virtanens plats 1), University of Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut
für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55
(A.I. Virtanens plats 1), University of Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
- Molecular
Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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15
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Yuan X, Halbert L, Visscher L, Pereira Gomes AS. Frequency-Dependent Quadratic Response Properties and Two-Photon Absorption from Relativistic Equation-of-Motion Coupled Cluster Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:9248-9259. [PMID: 38079602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
We present the implementation of quadratic response theory based upon the relativistic equation-of-motion coupled cluster method. We showcase our implementation, whose generality allows us to consider both time-dependent and time-independent electric and magnetic perturbations, by considering the static and frequency-dependent hyperpolarizability of hydrogen halides (HX, X = F-At), providing comprehensive insights into their electronic response characteristics. Additionally, we evaluated the Verdet constant for noble gases Xe and Rn and discussed the relative importance of relativistic and electron correlation effects for these magneto-optical properties. Finally, we calculate the two-photon absorption cross sections of transition [ns1S0 → (n + 1)s1S0] of Ga+ and In+, which are suggested as candidates for new ion clocks. As our implementation allows for the use of nonrelativistic Hamiltonians as well, we have compared our EOM-QRCC results to the QR-CC implementation in the DALTON code and show that the differences between CC and EOMCC response are in general smaller than 5% for the properties considered. Collectively, the results underscore the versatility of our implementation and its potential as a benchmark tool for other approximated models, such as density functional theory for higher-order properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yuan
- Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molecules, Universite de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loïc Halbert
- Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molecules, Universite de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Alessandro R, Giannì I, Pes F, Nottoli T, Lipparini F. Linear Response Equations Revisited: A Simple and Efficient Iterative Algorithm. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:9025-9031. [PMID: 38081062 PMCID: PMC10753806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
We present an algorithm to solve the linear response equations for Hartree-Fock, Density Functional Theory, and the Multiconfigurational Self-Consistent Field method that is both simple and efficient. The algorithm makes use of the well-established symmetric and antisymmetric combinations of trial vectors but further orthogonalizes them with respect to the scalar product induced by the response matrix. This leads to a standard, symmetric block eigenvalue problem in the expansion subspace that can be solved by diagonalizing a symmetric, positive definite matrix half the size of the expansion space. Numerical tests showed that the algorithm is robust and stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Chimica Industriale, Università di
Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivan Giannì
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Chimica Industriale, Università di
Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Pes
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Chimica Industriale, Università di
Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Nottoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Chimica Industriale, Università di
Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Lipparini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Chimica Industriale, Università di
Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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17
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Ofstad BS, Wibowo-Teale M, Kristiansen HE, Aurbakken E, Kitsaras MP, Schøyen ØS, Hauge E, Irons TJP, Kvaal S, Stopkowicz S, Wibowo-Teale AM, Pedersen TB. Magnetic optical rotation from real-time simulations in finite magnetic fields. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:204109. [PMID: 38018753 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a numerical approach to magnetic optical rotation based on real-time time-dependent electronic-structure theory. Not relying on perturbation expansions in the magnetic field strength, the formulation allows us to test the range of validity of the linear relation between the rotation angle per unit path length and the magnetic field strength that was established empirically by Verdet 160 years ago. Results obtained from time-dependent coupled-cluster and time-dependent current density-functional theory are presented for the closed-shell molecules H2, HF, and CO in magnetic fields up to 55 kT at standard temperature and pressure conditions. We find that Verdet's linearity remains valid up to roughly 10-20 kT, above which significant deviations from linearity are observed. Among the three current density-functional approximations tested in this work, the current-dependent Tao-Perdew-Staroverov-Scuseria hybrid functional performs the best in comparison with time-dependent coupled-cluster singles and doubles results for the magnetic optical rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Sverdrup Ofstad
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Meilani Wibowo-Teale
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Håkon Emil Kristiansen
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Aurbakken
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marios Petros Kitsaras
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | | | - Eirill Hauge
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Simula Research Laboratory, 0164 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom J P Irons
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Simen Kvaal
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stella Stopkowicz
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Andrew M Wibowo-Teale
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Bondo Pedersen
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Peyton BG, Stewart ZJ, Weidman JD, Wilson AK. Tailoring light-induced charge transfer and intersystem crossing in FeCO using time-dependent spin-orbit configuration interaction. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:204108. [PMID: 38014783 DOI: 10.1063/5.0173529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time (RT) electronic structure methods provide a natural framework for describing light-matter interactions in arbitrary time-dependent electromagnetic fields (EMF). Optically induced excited state transitions are of particular interest, which require tuned EMF to drive population transfer to and from the specific state(s) of interest. Intersystem crossing, or spin-flip, may be driven through shaped EMF or laser pulses. These transitions can result in long-lived "spin-trapped" excited states, which are especially useful for materials requiring charge separation or protracted excited state lifetimes. Time-dependent configuration interaction (TDCI) is unique among RT methods in that it may be implemented in a basis of eigenstates, allowing for rapid propagation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The recent spin-orbit TDCI (TD-SOCI) enables a real-time description of spin-flip dynamics in an arbitrary EMF and, therefore, provides an ideal framework for rational pulse design. The present study explores the mechanism of multiple spin-flip pathways for a model transition metal complex, FeCO, using shaped pulses designed to drive controlled intersystem crossing and charge transfer. These results show that extremely tunable excited state dynamics can be achieved by considering the dipole transition matrix elements between the states of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Peyton
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Zachary J Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jared D Weidman
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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19
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Mahajan A, Kurian JS, Lee J, Reichman DR, Sharma S. Response properties in phaseless auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:184101. [PMID: 37937933 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a method for calculating first-order response properties in phaseless auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo by applying automatic differentiation (AD). Biases and statistical efficiency of the resulting estimators are discussed. Our approach demonstrates that AD enables the calculation of reduced density matrices with the same computational cost scaling per sample as energy calculations, accompanied by a cost prefactor of less than four in our numerical calculations. We investigate the role of self-consistency and trial orbital choice in property calculations. We find that orbitals obtained using density functional theory perform well for the dipole moments of selected molecules compared to those optimized self-consistently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA
| | - Jo S Kurian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA
| | - Joonho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA
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20
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Hauge E, Kristiansen HE, Konecny L, Kadek M, Repisky M, Pedersen TB. Cost-Efficient High-Resolution Linear Absorption Spectra through Extrapolating the Dipole Moment from Real-Time Time-Dependent Electronic-Structure Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7764-7775. [PMID: 37874968 PMCID: PMC10653104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel function fitting method for approximating the propagation of the time-dependent electric dipole moment from real-time electronic structure calculations. Real-time calculations of the electronic absorption spectrum require discrete Fourier transforms of the electric dipole moment. The spectral resolution is determined by the total propagation time, i.e., the trajectory length of the dipole moment, causing a high computational cost. Our developed method uses function fitting on shorter trajectories of the dipole moment, achieving arbitrary spectral resolution through extrapolation. Numerical testing shows that the fitting method can reproduce high-resolution spectra by using short dipole trajectories. The method converges with as little as 100 a.u. dipole trajectories for some systems, though the difficulty converging increases with the spectral density. We also introduce an error estimate of the fit, reliably assessing its convergence and hence the quality of the approximated spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirill Hauge
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department
of Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Simula Research Laboratory, Kristian Augusts Gate 23, 0164 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Emil Kristiansen
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lukas Konecny
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Center
for Free Electron Laser, Max Planck Institute
for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Kadek
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michal Repisky
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Thomas Bondo Pedersen
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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21
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Franzke Y, Holzer C, Andersen JH, Begušić T, Bruder F, Coriani S, Della Sala F, Fabiano E, Fedotov DA, Fürst S, Gillhuber S, Grotjahn R, Kaupp M, Kehry M, Krstić M, Mack F, Majumdar S, Nguyen BD, Parker SM, Pauly F, Pausch A, Perlt E, Phun GS, Rajabi A, Rappoport D, Samal B, Schrader T, Sharma M, Tapavicza E, Treß RS, Voora V, Wodyński A, Yu JM, Zerulla B, Furche F, Hättig C, Sierka M, Tew DP, Weigend F. TURBOMOLE: Today and Tomorrow. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:6859-6890. [PMID: 37382508 PMCID: PMC10601488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
TURBOMOLE is a highly optimized software suite for large-scale quantum-chemical and materials science simulations of molecules, clusters, extended systems, and periodic solids. TURBOMOLE uses Gaussian basis sets and has been designed with robust and fast quantum-chemical applications in mind, ranging from homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis to inorganic and organic chemistry and various types of spectroscopy, light-matter interactions, and biochemistry. This Perspective briefly surveys TURBOMOLE's functionality and highlights recent developments that have taken place between 2020 and 2023, comprising new electronic structure methods for molecules and solids, previously unavailable molecular properties, embedding, and molecular dynamics approaches. Select features under development are reviewed to illustrate the continuous growth of the program suite, including nuclear electronic orbital methods, Hartree-Fock-based adiabatic connection models, simplified time-dependent density functional theory, relativistic effects and magnetic properties, and multiscale modeling of optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick
J. Franzke
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute
of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Josefine H. Andersen
- DTU
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical
University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tomislav Begušić
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Florian Bruder
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical
University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Fabio Della Sala
- Institute
for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Center for
Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Eduardo Fabiano
- Institute
for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Center for
Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Daniil A. Fedotov
- DTU
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical
University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Susanne Fürst
- Institut
für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gillhuber
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Robin Grotjahn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut
für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Kehry
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marjan Krstić
- Institute
of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fabian Mack
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sourav Majumdar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Brian D. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Shane M. Parker
- Department
of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 United States
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Institute
of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar Pausch
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eva Perlt
- Otto-Schott-Institut
für Materialforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena, Löbdergraben
32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriel S. Phun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Ahmadreza Rajabi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Dmitrij Rappoport
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Bibek Samal
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of
Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Tim Schrader
- Otto-Schott-Institut
für Materialforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena, Löbdergraben
32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Manas Sharma
- Otto-Schott-Institut
für Materialforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena, Löbdergraben
32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Enrico Tapavicza
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long
Beach, California 90840-9507, United States
| | - Robert S. Treß
- Lehrstuhl
für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität
Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Vamsee Voora
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of
Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Artur Wodyński
- Institut
für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason M. Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Benedikt Zerulla
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz
1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Christof Hättig
- Lehrstuhl
für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität
Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marek Sierka
- Otto-Schott-Institut
für Materialforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena, Löbdergraben
32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - David P. Tew
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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22
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Peyton BG, Wang Z, Crawford TD. Reduced Scaling Real-Time Coupled Cluster Theory. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8486-8499. [PMID: 37782945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Real-time coupled cluster (CC) methods have several advantages over their frequency-domain counterparts, namely, response and equation of motion CC theories. Broadband spectra, strong fields, and pulse manipulation allow for the simulation of complex spectroscopies that are unreachable using frequency-domain approaches. Due to the high-order polynomial scaling, the required numerical time propagation of the CC residual expressions is a computationally demanding process. This scaling may be reduced by local correlation schemes, which aim to reduce the size of the (virtual) orbital space by truncation according to user-defined parameters. We present the first application of local correlation to real-time CC. As in previous studies of locally correlated frequency-domain CC, traditional local correlation schemes are of limited utility for field-dependent properties; however, a perturbation-aware scheme proves promising. A detailed analysis of the amplitude dynamics suggests that the main challenge is a strong time dependence of the wave function sparsity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Peyton
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - T Daniel Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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23
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Kähler S, Cebreiro-Gallardo A, Pokhilko P, Casanova D, Krylov AI. State-Interaction Approach for Evaluating g-Tensors within EOM-CC and RAS-CI Frameworks: Theory and Benchmarks. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8459-8472. [PMID: 37774315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Among various techniques designed for studying open-shell species, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy plays an important role. The key quantity measured by EPR is the g-tensor, describing the coupling between an external magnetic field and molecular electronic spin. One theoretical framework for quantum chemistry calculations of g-tensors is based on response theory, which involves substantial developments that are specific to the underlying electronic structure models. A simplified and easier-to-implement approach is based on the state-interaction scheme, in which perturbation is included by considering a small number of states. We describe and benchmark the state-interaction approach using equation-of-motion coupled-cluster and restricted-active-space configuration interaction wave functions. The analysis confirms that this approach can deliver accurate results and highlights caveats of applying it, such as a choice of the reference state, convergence with respect to the number of states used in calculations, etc. The analysis also contributes toward a better understanding of challenges in calculations of higher-order properties using approximate wave functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Kähler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | - Pavel Pokhilko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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24
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Kolodzeiski E, Stein CJ. Automated, Consistent, and Even-Handed Selection of Active Orbital Spaces for Quantum Embedding. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:6643-6655. [PMID: 37775093 PMCID: PMC10569175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
A widely used strategy to reduce the computational cost of quantum-chemical calculations is to partition the system into an active subsystem, which is the focus of the computational efforts, and an environment that is treated at a lower computational level. The system partitioning is mostly based on localized molecular orbitals. When reaction paths or energy differences are to be calculated, it is crucial to keep the orbital space consistent for all structures. Inconsistencies in orbital space can lead to unpredictable errors on the potential energy surface. While successful strategies to ensure this consistency have been established for organic and even metal-organic systems, these methods often fail for metal clusters or nanoparticles with a high density of near-degenerate and delocalized molecular orbitals. However, such systems are highly relevant for catalysis. Accurate yet feasible quantum-mechanical ab initio calculations are therefore highly desired. In this work, we present an approach based on the subsystem projected atomic orbital decomposition algorithm that allows us to ensure automated and consistent partitioning even for systems with delocalized and near-degenerate molecular orbitals and demonstrate the validity of this method for the binding energies of small molecules on transition-metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kolodzeiski
- Technical University of Munich, TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Stein
- Technical University of Munich, TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
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25
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Wilson DJD. Extreme NMR shielding in fluoro-nitrogen cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25420-25434. [PMID: 37706351 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03399f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The structure and NMR shielding of a set of N-F containing cations is reported to near-quantitative accuracy from extensive ab initio calculations. Currently, the shortest experimentally confirmed N-F bond is 1.2461(10) Å in NNF+, however CCSD(T)-F12b/cc-pVQZ-F12 optimised geometries suggest that even shorter N-F bonds are possible for both monocations (1.236 Å, HNF+) and dications (1.098 Å, NF2+). NMR shielding constants have been calculated in a composite manner with individual components from coupled-cluster expansions up to CCSDTQP and basis sets up to aug-cc-pCV8Z, together with vibrational and relativistic corrections. 15N and 19F NMR chemical shifts correlate well with available experimental data. Extreme 19F chemical shifts are predicted for HNF+ (1628.9 ppm) and NH2F2+ (1298.0 ppm), which are by far the largest 19F chemical shifts ever reported and well outside the known range of +865 ppm (F2O2) to -448 ppm (ClF). The 15N chemical shift of -1283.07 ppm in HNF+ is similarly extreme, being well outside the known range of 15N chemical shifts of -730 to 260 ppm (CH3NO2 reference). This work highlights the application of state-of-the-art theoretical techniques, and provides accurate NMR properties of both isolated and yet unknown N-F cations, which can serve to guide and supplement NMR experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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26
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Papapostolou A, Scheurer M, Dreuw A, Rehn DR. responsefun: Fun with Response Functions in the Algebraic Diagrammatic Construction Framework. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:6375-6391. [PMID: 37676497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the open-source responsefun package, which implements a universally applicable procedure for computing molecular response properties within the algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) framework, exploiting the intermediate state representation (ISR) approach. With symbolic mathematics, the user can simply enter textbook sum-over-states (SOS) expressions from time-dependent perturbation theory, which are then automatically translated into the corresponding symbolic ADC/ISR formulations. Using the data structures provided by the hybrid Python/C++ module adcc for calculating excited states with ADC, the specified response property is directly evaluated, and the result is returned to the user. Employing the novel responsefun package, we present the first ADC/ISR calculations of second-order hyperpolarizability tensors and three-photon-absorption matrix elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Papapostolou
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheurer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk R Rehn
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Kaka KS, Beaujean P, Castet F, Champagne B. A quantum chemical investigation of the second hyperpolarizability of p-nitroaniline. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114104. [PMID: 37712783 DOI: 10.1063/5.0164602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent measurements of the third harmonic scattering responses of molecules have given a new impetus for computing molecular second hyperpolarizabilities (γ) and for deducing structure-property relationships. This paper has employed a variety of wavefunction and density functional theory methods to evaluate the second hyperpolarizability of the p-nitroaniline prototypical push-pull π-conjugated molecule, addressing also numerical aspects, such as the selection of an integration grid and the impact of the order of differentiation vs the achievable accuracy by using the Romberg quadrature. The reliability of the different methods has been assessed by comparison to reference Coupled-Cluster Singles and Doubles with perturbative treatment of the Triples results. On the one hand, among wavefunction methods, the MP2 scheme offers the best accuracy/cost ratio for computing the static γ. On the other hand, using density functional theory, γ remains a challenging property to compute because all conventional, global hybrid or range-separated hybrid, exchange-correlation functionals underestimate static γ values by at least 15%. Even tuning the range-separating parameter to minimize the delocalization errors does not enable to improve the γ values. Nevertheless, the original double-hybrid B2-PLYP functional, which benefits from 27% of PT2 correlation and 53% Hartree-Fock exchange, provides accurate estimates of static γ values. Unfortunately, the best performing exchange-correlation functionals for γ are not necessarily reliable for the first hyperpolarizability, β, and vice versa. In fact, the β of p-nitroaniline (pNA) could be predicted, with a good accuracy, with several hybrid exchange-correlation functionals (including by tuning the range-separating parameter), but these systematically underestimate γ. As for γ, the MP2 wavefunction method remains the best compromise to evaluate the first hyperpolarizability of pNA at low computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komlanvi Sèvi Kaka
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, NISM (Namur Institute of Structured Matter), University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Pierre Beaujean
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, NISM (Namur Institute of Structured Matter), University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, NISM (Namur Institute of Structured Matter), University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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28
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Bonvicini A, Champagne B. Third-harmonic scattering optical activity: QED theory, symmetry considerations, and quantum chemistry applications in the framework of response theory. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114107. [PMID: 37712789 DOI: 10.1063/5.0165425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, expressions for the third-harmonic scattering optical activity (THS-OA) spectroscopic responses are derived by combining molecular quantum electrodynamics (QED) and response theory, allowing their computational implementation. The QED theory of THS-OA presented here is meant to be an extension of a previous study by Andrews [Symmetry 12, 1466 (2020)]. In particular, the THS-OA phenomena are described within the Power-Zienau-Woolley multipolar Hamiltonian by including the electric-dipole, magnetic-dipole, and electric-quadrupole interactions for the absorption as well as the emission processes between the dynamic electromagnetic field (the photons) and matter. Moreover, we derive the expressions for the differential scattering ratios as a function of the scattering angle defined by the wavevectors of the incident and scattered photons. We show how the pure and mixed second hyperpolarizabilities can be obtained in the framework of response theory as specific cases of a generic cubic response function, thus enabling the computational implementation of THS-OA spectroscopy. We prove the origin-independence of the theory for exact wavefunctions. Preliminary computations on a prototype chiral molecule (methyloxirane) are considered together with an analysis of the basis set convergence and of the origin-dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonvicini
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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29
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Andersen JH, Coriani S, Hättig C. Efficient Protocol for Computing MCD Spectra in a Broad Frequency Range Combining Resonant and Damped CC2 Quadratic Response Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:5977-5987. [PMID: 37650779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Coupled cluster response theory offers a path to high-accuracy calculations of spectroscopic properties, such as magnetic circular dichroism (MCD). However, divergence or slow convergence issues are often encountered for electronic transitions in high-energy regions with a high density of states. This is here addressed for MCD by an implementation of damped quadratic response theory for resolution-of-identity coupled cluster singles-and-approximate-doubles (RI-CC2), along with an implementation of the MCD A term from resonant response theory. Combined, damped and resonant response theory calculations provide an efficient strategy to obtain MCD spectra over a broad frequency range and for systems that include highly symmetric molecules with degenerate excited states. The protocol is illustrated by application to zinc tetrabenzoporphyrin in the energy region of 2-8 eV and comparison to experimental data. Timings are reported for the resonant and damped approaches, showing that a greater part of the calculation time is consumed by the construction of the building blocks for the final MCD ellipticity. A recommendation on how to use the procedure is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine H Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christof Hättig
- Arbeitsgruppe Quantenchemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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30
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Takatsuka K, Arasaki Y. Electronic-state chaos, intramolecular electronic energy redistribution, and chemical bonding in persisting multidimensional nonadiabatic systems. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:074110. [PMID: 37602802 DOI: 10.1063/5.0159178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We study the chaotic, huge fluctuation of electronic state, resultant intramolecular energy redistribution, and strong chemical bonding surviving the fluctuation with exceedingly long lifetimes of highly excited boron clusters. Those excited states constitute densely quasi-degenerate state manifolds. The huge fluctuation is induced by persisting multidimensional nonadiabatic transitions among the states in the manifold. We clarify the mechanism of their coexistence and its physical significance. In doing so, we concentrate on two theoretical aspects. One is quantum chaos and energy randomization, which are to be directly extracted from the properties of the total electronic wavefunctions. The present dynamical chaos takes place through frequent transitions from adiabatic states to others, thereby making it very rare for the system to find dissociation channels. This phenomenon leads to the concept of what we call intramolecular nonadiabatic electronic-energy redistribution, which is an electronic-state generaliztion of the notion of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution. The other aspect is about the peculiar chemical bonding. We investigate it with the energy natural orbitals (ENOs) to see what kind of theoretical structures lie behind the huge fluctuation. The ENO energy levels representing the highly excited states under study appear to have four robust layers. We show that the energy layers responsible for chaotic dynamics and those for chemical bonding are widely separated from each other, and only when an event of what we call "inter-layer crossing" happens to burst can the destruction of these robust energy layers occur, resulting in molecular dissociation. This crossing event happens only rarely because of the large energy gaps between the ENO layers. It is shown that the layers of high energy composed of complex-valued ENOs induce the turbulent flow of electrons and electronic-energy in the cluster. In addition, the random and fast time-oscillations of those high energy ENOs serve as a random force on the nuclear dynamics, which can work to prevent a concentration of high nuclear kinetic energy in the dissociation channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takatsuka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 606-8103 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuki Arasaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 606-8103 Kyoto, Japan
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31
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Corzo HH, Hillers-Bendtsen AE, Barnes A, Zamani AY, Pawłowski F, Olsen J, Jørgensen P, Mikkelsen KV, Bykov D. Corrigendum: Coupled cluster theory on modern heterogeneous supercomputers. Front Chem 2023; 11:1256510. [PMID: 37654900 PMCID: PMC10466216 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1256510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1154526.].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdulrahman Y. Zamani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Chemical Computation and Theory, University of California, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Filip Pawłowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jeppe Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dmytro Bykov
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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32
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Kvedaravičiūtė S, Carrasco-Busturia D, Møller KB, Olsen JMH. Polarizable Embedding without Artificial Boundary Polarization. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:5122-5141. [PMID: 37458793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a fully self-consistent polarizable embedding (PE) model that does not suffer from unphysical boundary polarization. This is achieved through the use of the minimum-image convention (MIC) in the induced electrostatics. It is a simple yet effective approach that includes a more physically accurate description of the polarization throughout the molecular system. Using PE with MIC (PE-MIC), we shed new light on the limitations of commonly employed cutoff models, such as the droplet model, when used in PE calculations. Specifically, we investigate the effects of the unphysical polarization at the outer boundary by comparing induced dipoles and the associated electrostatic potentials, as well as some optical properties of solute-solvent and biomolecular systems. We show that the magnitude of the inaccuracies caused by the unphysical polarization depends on multiple parameters: the nature of the quantum subsystem and of the environment, the cutoff model and distance, and the calculated property.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Klaus B Møller
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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33
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Corzo HH, Hillers-Bendtsen AE, Barnes A, Zamani AY, Pawłowski F, Olsen J, Jørgensen P, Mikkelsen KV, Bykov D. Coupled cluster theory on modern heterogeneous supercomputers. Front Chem 2023; 11:1154526. [PMID: 37388945 PMCID: PMC10303140 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1154526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the computational challenges in elucidating intricate chemical systems, particularly through ab-initio methodologies. This work highlights the Divide-Expand-Consolidate (DEC) approach for coupled cluster (CC) theory-a linear-scaling, massively parallel framework-as a viable solution. Detailed scrutiny of the DEC framework reveals its extensive applicability for large chemical systems, yet it also acknowledges inherent limitations. To mitigate these constraints, the cluster perturbation theory is presented as an effective remedy. Attention is then directed towards the CPS (D-3) model, explicitly derived from a CC singles parent and a doubles auxiliary excitation space, for computing excitation energies. The reviewed new algorithms for the CPS (D-3) method efficiently capitalize on multiple nodes and graphical processing units, expediting heavy tensor contractions. As a result, CPS (D-3) emerges as a scalable, rapid, and precise solution for computing molecular properties in large molecular systems, marking it an efficient contender to conventional CC models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdulrahman Y. Zamani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Chemical Computation and Theory, University of California, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Filip Pawłowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jeppe Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dmytro Bykov
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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34
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Morgante P, Autschbach J. Density-Corrected Density Functional Theory for Molecular Properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:4983-4989. [PMID: 37220345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Density-corrected (DC) density functional theory (DFT) has been proposed to overcome difficulties related to the self-interaction error. The procedure uses the Hartree-Fock electron density (matrix) non-self-consistently in conjunction with an approximate functional. DC-DFT has so far mainly been tested for total energy differences, whereas other types of molecular properties have not been evaluated systematically. This work focuses on the performance of DC-DFT for molecular properties, namely, dipole moments, static polarizabilities, and electric field gradients (EFGs) at atomic nuclei. Accurate reference data were generated from coupled-cluster theory to assess the performance of DC and self-consistent DFT calculations for twelve molecules, including diatomics with transition metals. DC-DFT does no harm in dipole moment calculations, but it negatively impacts the polarizability in at least one case. DC-DFT performs well for EFGs, even for the difficult case of CuCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Morgante
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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35
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Hall D, Sancho-García JC, Pershin A, Beljonne D, Zysman-Colman E, Olivier Y. Benchmarking DFT Functionals for Excited-State Calculations of Donor-Acceptor TADF Emitters: Insights on the Key Parameters Determining Reverse Inter-System Crossing. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37196185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The importance of intermediate triplet states and the nature of excited states has gained interest in recent years for the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) mechanism. It is widely accepted that simple conversion between charge transfer (CT) triplet and singlet excited states is too crude, and a more complex route involving higher-lying locally excited triplet excited states has to be invoked to witness the magnitude of the rate of reverse inter-system crossing (RISC) rates. The increased complexity has challenged the reliability of computational methods to accurately predict the relative energy between excited states as well as their nature. Here, we compare the results of widely used density functional theory (DFT) functionals, CAM-B3LYP, LC-ωPBE, LC-ω*PBE, LC-ω*HPBE, B3LYP, PBE0, and M06-2X, against a wavefunction-based reference method, Spin-Component Scaling second-order approximate Coupled Cluster (SCS-CC2), in 14 known TADF emitters possessing a diversity of chemical structures. Overall, the use of the Tamm-Dancoff Approximation (TDA) together with CAM-B3LYP, M06-2X, and the two ω-tuned range-separated functionals LC-ω*PBE and LC-ω*HPBE demonstrated the best agreement with SCS-CC2 calculations in predicting the absolute energy of the singlet S1, and triplet T1 and T2 excited states and their energy differences. However, consistently across the series and irrespective of the functional or the use of TDA, the nature of T1 and T2 is not as accurately captured as compared to S1. We also investigated the impact of the optimization of S1 and T1 excited states on ΔEST and the nature of these states for three different functionals (PBE0, CAM-B3LYP, and M06-2X). We observed large changes in ΔEST using CAM-B3LYP and PBE0 functionals associated with a large stabilization of T1 with CAM-B3LYP and a large stabilization of S1 with PBE0, while ΔEST is much less affected considering the M06-2X functional. The nature of the S1 state barely evolves after geometry optimization essentially because this state is CT by nature for the three functionals tested. However, the prediction of the T1 nature is more problematic since these functionals for some compounds interpret the nature of T1 very differently. SCS-CC2 calculations on top of the TDA-DFT optimized geometries lead to a large variation in terms of ΔEST and the excited-state nature depending on the chosen functionals, further stressing the large dependence of the excited-state features on the excited-state geometries. The presented work highlights that despite good agreement of energies, the description of the exact nature of the triplet states should be undertaken with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, U.K
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Anton Pershin
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, U.K
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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36
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Naim C, Vangheluwe R, Ledoux-Rak I, Champagne B, Tonnelé C, Blanchard-Desce M, Matito E, Castet F. Electric-field induced second harmonic generation responses of push-pull polyenic dyes: experimental and theoretical characterizations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13978-13988. [PMID: 37191226 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00750b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The second-order nonlinear optical properties of four series of amphiphilic cationic chromophores involving different push-pull extremities and increasingly large polyenic bridges have been investigated both experimentally, by means of electric field induced second harmonic (EFISH) generation, and theoretically, using a computational approach combining classical molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum chemical (QM) calculations. This theoretical methodology allows to describe the effects of structural fluctuations on the EFISH properties of the complexes formed by the dye and its iodine counterion, and provides a rationale to EFISH measurements. The good agreement between experimental and theoretical results proves that this MD + QM scheme constitutes a useful tool for a rational, computer-aided, design of SHG dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Naim
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
| | - Raphaël Vangheluwe
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Isabelle Ledoux-Rak
- Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces, Institut d'Alembert-ENS Paris Saclay-CNRS-CentraleSupelec, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, Chemistry Department, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Claire Tonnelé
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
| | | | - Eduard Matito
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
- Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
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37
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Nishimoto Y. Analytic first-order derivatives of CASPT2 with IPEA shift. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2888841. [PMID: 37144712 DOI: 10.1063/5.0147611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complete active space second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) is useful for accurately predicting properties of complex electronic structures, but it is well known that it systematically underestimates excitation energies. The underestimation can be corrected using the ionization potential-electron affinity (IPEA) shift. In this study, analytic first-order derivatives of CASPT2 with the IPEA shift are developed. CASPT2-IPEA is not invariant with respect to rotations among active molecular orbitals, and two additional constraint conditions are necessary in the CASPT2 Lagrangian to formulate analytic derivatives. The method developed here is applied to methylpyrimidine derivatives and cytosine, and minimum energy structures and conical intersections are located. By comparing energies relative to the closed-shell ground state, we find that the agreement with experiments and high-level calculations is indeed improved by the inclusion of the IPEA shift. The agreement of geometrical parameters with high-level calculations may also be improved in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Nishimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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38
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Wong J, Ganoe B, Liu X, Neudecker T, Lee J, Liang J, Wang Z, Li J, Rettig A, Head-Gordon T, Head-Gordon M. An in-silico NMR laboratory for nuclear magnetic shieldings computed via finite fields: Exploring nucleus-specific renormalizations of MP2 and MP3. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:164116. [PMID: 37114707 PMCID: PMC10148725 DOI: 10.1063/5.0145130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed and implemented a method-independent, fully numerical, finite difference approach to calculating nuclear magnetic resonance shieldings, using gauge-including atomic orbitals. The resulting capability can be used to explore non-standard methods, given only the energy as a function of finite-applied magnetic fields and nuclear spins. For example, standard second-order Møller-Plesset theory (MP2) has well-known efficacy for 1H and 13C shieldings and known limitations for other nuclei such as 15N and 17O. It is, therefore, interesting to seek methods that offer good accuracy for 15N and 17O shieldings without greatly increased compute costs, as well as exploring whether such methods can further improve 1H and 13C shieldings. Using a small molecule test set of 28 species, we assessed two alternatives: κ regularized MP2 (κ-MP2), which provides energy-dependent damping of large amplitudes, and MP2.X, which includes a variable fraction, X, of third-order correlation (MP3). The aug-cc-pVTZ basis was used, and coupled cluster with singles and doubles and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] results were taken as reference values. Our κ-MP2 results reveal significant improvements over MP2 for 13C and 15N, with the optimal κ value being element-specific. κ-MP2 with κ = 2 offers a 30% rms error reduction over MP2. For 15N, κ-MP2 with κ = 1.1 provides a 90% error reduction vs MP2 and a 60% error reduction vs CCSD. On the other hand, MP2.X with a scaling factor of 0.6 outperformed CCSD for all heavy nuclei. These results can be understood as providing renormalization of doubles amplitudes to partially account for neglected triple and higher substitutions and offer promising opportunities for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wong
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Brad Ganoe
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Tim Neudecker
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Joonho Lee
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jiashu Liang
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Adam Rettig
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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39
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Summa FF. Spin Currents Induced in Open-Shell Molecules by Static and Uniform Magnetic and Electric Fields in the Presence of a Spin-Orbit Coupling Interaction and Conservation Law. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2491-2501. [PMID: 37104848 PMCID: PMC10173463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The derivation of the total induced current density vector field, in the presence of static and uniform magnetic and electric fields, is illustrated in a more clear and formally correct language together with a discussion on the charge-current conservation law not presented before for the spin-orbit coupling contribution. The theory here exposed turns out to be in fully agreement with the theory of Special Relativity and it is applicable to open-shell molecules in the presence of a nonvanishing spin orbit coupling. The discussion here exposed turns out to be accurately valid for a strictly central field due to the chosen approximation of the spin-orbit coupling Hamiltonian, but it is appropriate to deal correctly with molecular systems. The ab initio calculation of spin current densities has been implemented at both unrestricted Hartree-Fock and unrestricted DFT levels of theory. Some maps of spin currents on molecules of interest, i.e., the CH3 radical and the superoctazethrene molecule are also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferdinando Summa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano 84084, SA Italy
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40
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Ofstad BS, Kristiansen HE, Aurbakken E, Schøyen ØS, Kvaal S, Pedersen TB. Adiabatic extraction of nonlinear optical properties from real-time time-dependent electronic-structure theory. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2882246. [PMID: 37093994 DOI: 10.1063/5.0145521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time simulations of laser-driven electron dynamics contain information about molecular optical properties through all orders in response theory. These properties can be extracted by assuming convergence of the power series expansion of induced electric and magnetic multipole moments. However, the accuracy relative to analytical results from response theory quickly deteriorates for higher-order responses due to the presence of high-frequency oscillations in the induced multipole moment in the time domain. This problem has been ascribed to missing higher-order corrections. We here demonstrate that the deviations are caused by nonadiabatic effects arising from the finite-time ramping from zero to full strength of the external laser field. Three different approaches, two using a ramped wave and one using a pulsed wave, for extracting electrical properties from real-time time-dependent electronic-structure simulations are investigated. The standard linear ramp is compared to a quadratic ramp, which is found to yield highly accurate results for polarizabilities, and first and second hyperpolarizabilities, at roughly half the computational cost. Results for the third hyperpolarizability are presented along with a simple, computable measure of reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Sverdrup Ofstad
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Emil Kristiansen
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Aurbakken
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Simen Kvaal
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Bondo Pedersen
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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41
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Yehorova D, Kretchmer JS. A multi-fragment real-time extension of projected density matrix embedding theory: Non-equilibrium electron dynamics in extended systems. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:131102. [PMID: 37031109 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we derive a multi-fragment real-time extension of the projected density matrix embedding theory (pDMET) designed to treat non-equilibrium electron dynamics in strongly correlated systems. As in the previously developed static pDMET, the real time pDMET partitions the total system into many fragments; the coupling between each fragment and the rest of the system is treated through a compact representation of the environment in terms of a quantum bath. The real-time pDMET involves simultaneously propagating the wavefunctions for each separate fragment–bath embedding system along with an auxiliary mean-field wavefunction of the total system. The equations of motion are derived by (i) projecting the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in the fragment and bath space associated with each separate fragment and by (ii) enforcing the pDMET matching conditions between the global 1-particle reduced density matrix (1-RDM) obtained from the fragment calculations and the mean-field 1-RDM at all points in time. The accuracy of the method is benchmarked through comparisons to time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group and time-dependent Hartree–Fock (TDHF) theory; the methods were applied to a one- and two-dimensional single-impurity Anderson model and multi-impurity Anderson models with ordered and disordered distributions of the impurities. The results demonstrate a large improvement over TDHF and rapid convergence to the exact dynamics with an increase in fragment size. Our results demonstrate that the real-time pDMET is a promising and flexible method that balances accuracy and efficiency to simulate the non-equilibrium electron dynamics in heterogeneous systems of large size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariia Yehorova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Joshua S. Kretchmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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42
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Ren W, Fu W, Wu X, Chen J. Towards the ground state of molecules via diffusion Monte Carlo on neural networks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1860. [PMID: 37012248 PMCID: PMC10070323 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) based on fixed-node approximation has enjoyed significant developments in the past decades and become one of the go-to methods when accurate ground state energy of molecules and materials is needed. However, the inaccurate nodal structure hinders the application of DMC for more challenging electronic correlation problems. In this work, we apply the neural-network based trial wavefunction in fixed-node DMC, which allows accurate calculations of a broad range of atomic and molecular systems of different electronic characteristics. Our method is superior in both accuracy and efficiency compared to state-of-the-art neural network methods using variational Monte Carlo (VMC). We also introduce an extrapolation scheme based on the empirical linearity between VMC and DMC energies, and significantly improve our binding energy calculation. Overall, this computational framework provides a benchmark for accurate solutions of correlated electronic wavefunction and also sheds light on the chemical understanding of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiluo Ren
- ByteDance Research, Zhonghang Plaza, No. 43, North 3rd Ring West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weizhong Fu
- ByteDance Research, Zhonghang Plaza, No. 43, North 3rd Ring West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- ByteDance Research, Zhonghang Plaza, No. 43, North 3rd Ring West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Jensen F. Basis Set Extrapolation of Vibrational Frequencies. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2859-2863. [PMID: 36943253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate three different approaches for extrapolating harmonic vibrational frequencies to the complete basis set limit, by direct extrapolation of the frequencies, by calculation of frequencies based on extrapolated Hessians, or based on the Hessian from optimization of the extrapolated energy surface. For regular molecules, the three extrapolation procedures yield essentially identical results, but for loosely bound complexes, the frequencies derived from extrapolated Hessians yield unpredictable behavior. None of the basis set extrapolations, however, provide any significant improvement over the results upon which the extrapolation is based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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44
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Arasaki Y, Takatsuka K. Energy natural orbital characterization of nonadiabatic electron wavepackets in the densely quasi-degenerate electronic state manifold. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:114102. [PMID: 36948795 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamics and energetic structure of largely fluctuating nonadiabatic electron wavepackets are studied in terms of Energy Natural Orbitals (ENOs) [K. Takatsuka and Y. Arasaki, J. Chem. Phys. 154, 094103 (2021)]. Such huge fluctuating states are sampled from the highly excited states of clusters of 12 boron atoms (B12), which have densely quasi-degenerate electronic excited-state manifold, each adiabatic state of which gets promptly mixed with other states through the frequent and enduring nonadiabatic interactions within the manifold. Yet, the wavepacket states are expected to be of very long lifetimes. This excited-state electronic wavepacket dynamics is extremely interesting but very hard to analyze since they are usually represented in large time-dependent configuration interaction wavefunctions and/or in some other complicated forms. We have found that ENO gives an invariant energy orbital picture to characterize not only the static highly correlated electronic wavefunctions but also those time-dependent electronic wavefunctions. Hence, we first demonstrate how the ENO representation works for some general cases, choosing proton transfer in water dimer and electron-deficient multicenter chemical bonding in diborane in the ground state. We then penetrate with ENO deep into the analysis of the essential nature of nonadiabatic electron wavepacket dynamics in the excited states and show the mechanism of the coexistence of huge electronic fluctuation and rather strong chemical bonds under very random electron flows within the molecule. To quantify the intra-molecular energy flow associated with the huge electronic-state fluctuation, we define and numerically demonstrate what we call the electronic energy flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Arasaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 606-8103 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takatsuka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 606-8103 Kyoto, Japan
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45
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Motta M, Jones GO, Rice JE, Gujarati TP, Sakuma R, Liepuoniute I, Garcia JM, Ohnishi YY. Quantum chemistry simulation of ground- and excited-state properties of the sulfonium cation on a superconducting quantum processor. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2915-2927. [PMID: 36937596 PMCID: PMC10016331 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The computational description of correlated electronic structure, and particularly of excited states of many-electron systems, is an anticipated application for quantum devices. An important ramification is to determine the dominant molecular fragmentation pathways in photo-dissociation experiments of light-sensitive compounds, like sulfonium-based photo-acid generators used in photolithography. Here we simulate the static and dynamical electronic structure of the H3S+ molecule, taken as a minimal model of a triply-bonded sulfur cation, on a superconducting quantum processor of the IBM Falcon architecture. To this end, we generalize a qubit reduction technique termed entanglement forging or EF [A. Eddins et al., Phys. Rev. X Quantum, 2022, 3, 010309], currently restricted to the evaluation of ground-state energies, to the treatment of molecular properties. While in a conventional quantum simulation a qubit represents a spin-orbital, within EF a qubit represents a spatial orbital, reducing the number of required qubits by half. We combine the generalized EF with quantum subspace expansion [W. Colless et al., Phys. Rev. X, 2018, 8, 011021], a technique used to project the time-independent Schrodinger equation for ground- and excited-states in a subspace. To enable experimental demonstration of this algorithmic workflow, we deploy a sequence of error-mitigation techniques. We compute dipole structure factors and partial atomic charges along ground- and excited-state potential energy curves, revealing the occurrence of homo- and heterolytic fragmentation. This study is an important step towards the computational description of photo-dissociation on near-term quantum devices, as it can be generalized to other photodissociation processes and naturally extended in different ways to achieve more realistic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Motta
- IBM Quantum, IBM Research - Almaden 650 Harry Road San Jose 95120 CA USA
| | - Gavin O Jones
- IBM Quantum, IBM Research - Almaden 650 Harry Road San Jose 95120 CA USA
| | - Julia E Rice
- IBM Quantum, IBM Research - Almaden 650 Harry Road San Jose 95120 CA USA
| | - Tanvi P Gujarati
- IBM Quantum, IBM Research - Almaden 650 Harry Road San Jose 95120 CA USA
| | - Rei Sakuma
- Materials Informatics Initiative, RD Technology & Digital Transformation Center, JSR Corporation 3-103-9, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki 210-0821 Kanagawa Japan
| | - Ieva Liepuoniute
- IBM Quantum, IBM Research - Almaden 650 Harry Road San Jose 95120 CA USA
| | - Jeannette M Garcia
- IBM Quantum, IBM Research - Almaden 650 Harry Road San Jose 95120 CA USA
| | - Yu-Ya Ohnishi
- Materials Informatics Initiative, RD Technology & Digital Transformation Center, JSR Corporation 3-103-9, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki 210-0821 Kanagawa Japan
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46
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Aucar IA, Colombo Jofré MT, Aucar GA. A relativistic relationship between parity-violating nuclear spin-rotation tensors and parity-violating NMR shielding tensors. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:094306. [PMID: 36889958 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear-spin-dependent parity-violation contributions to the nuclear magnetic resonance shielding and nuclear spin-rotation tensors (σPV and MPV, respectively) are known to be formally related to one another in the non-relativistic regime. In this work, the polarization propagator formalism and the linear response within the elimination of small components model are used to show a new and more general relationship between them, which is valid within the relativistic framework. The full set of the zeroth- and first-order relativistic contributions to σPV and MPV are also given here for the first time, and these results are compared with previous findings. According to four-component relativistic calculations, the electronic spin-orbit effects are the most significant ones for the isotropic values of σPV and MPV in the H2X2 series of molecules (with X = O, S, Se, Te, and Po). When only scalar relativistic effects are taken into account, the non-relativistic relationship between σPV and MPV does hold. However, when the spin-orbit effects are taken into consideration, this old non-relativistic relationship breaks down, and therefore, the new one must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Agustín Aucar
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica, CONICET, and Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNNE, Avenida Libertad 5460, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Mariano T Colombo Jofré
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica, CONICET, and Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNNE, Avenida Libertad 5460, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Aucar
- Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica, CONICET, and Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNNE, Avenida Libertad 5460, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
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47
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Fedorov SV, Krivdin LB. Computational NMR of carbohydrates: 1. Glucopyranoses. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2023; 61:162-168. [PMID: 36226671 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A high-level calculation of 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts of α- and β-d-glucopyranoses is carried out at the DFT level with taking into account their conformational composition to reveal the most effective computational protocols. A number of dedicated DFT functionals in combination with Jensen's pcS-n (n = 0-4) family of basis sets were applied to evaluate the most reliable combination. It was found that BHandHLYP/pcS-2 provided the most accurate and reliable computational protocol. Based on the performed calculations, the established computational protocol is generally recommended for the calculation of 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts of a wide series of carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Fedorov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Leonid B Krivdin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
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48
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Schnack-Petersen AK, Moitra T, Folkestad SD, Coriani S. New Implementation of an Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Damped-Response Framework with Illustrative Applications to Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1775-1793. [PMID: 36763003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
We present an implementation of a damped response framework for calculating resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) and second-order approximate coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CC2) levels of theory in the open-source program eT. This framework lays the foundation for future extension to higher excitation methods (notably, the coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples, CC3) and to multilevel approaches. Our implementation adopts a fully relaxed ground state and different variants of the core-valence separation projection technique to address convergence issues. Illustrative results are compared with those obtained within the frozen-core core-valence separated approach, available in Q-Chem, as well as with experiment. The performance of the CC2 method is evaluated in comparison with that of CCSD. It is found that, while the CC2 method is noticeably inferior to CCSD for X-ray absorption spectra, the quality of the CC2 RIXS spectra is often comparable to that of the CCSD level of theory, when the same valence excited states are probed. Finally, we present preliminary RIXS results for a solvated molecule in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torsha Moitra
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiTThe Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sarai Dery Folkestad
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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49
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Creutzberg J, Hedegård ED. A method to capture the large relativistic and solvent effects on the UV-vis spectra of photo-activated metal complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6153-6163. [PMID: 36752122 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04937f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have recently developed a method based on relativistic time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) that allows the calculation of electronic spectra in solution (Creutzberg, Hedegård, J. Chem. Theory Comput.18, 2022, 3671). This method treats the solvent explicitly with a classical, polarizable embedding (PE) description. Furthermore, it employs the complex polarization propagator (CPP) formalism which allows calculations on complexes with a dense population of electronic states (such complexes are known to be problematic for conventional TD-DFT). Here, we employ this method to investigate both the dynamic and electronic effects of the solvent for the excited electronic states of trans-trans-trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(NH3)2] in aqueous solution. This complex decomposes into species harmful to cancer cells under light irradiation. Thus, understanding its photo-physical properties may lead to a more efficient method to battle cancer. We quantify the effect of the underlying structure and dynamics by classical molecular mechanics simulations, refined with a subsequent DFT or semi-empirical optimization on a cluster. Moreover, we quantify the effect of employing different methods to set up the solvated system, e.g., how sensitive the results are to the method used for the refinement, and how large a solvent shell that is required. The electronic solvent effect is always included through a PE potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Creutzberg
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Erik Donovan Hedegård
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
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50
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Nanda KD, Gulania S, Krylov AI. Theory, implementation, and disappointing results for two-photon absorption cross sections within the doubly electron-attached equation-of-motion coupled-cluster framework. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:054102. [PMID: 36754800 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles method with double electron attachment (EOM-DEA-CCSD) is capable of computing reliable energies, wave functions, and first-order properties of excited states in diradicals and polyenes that have a significant doubly excited character with respect to the ground state, without the need for including the computationally expensive triple excitations. Here, we extend the capabilities of the EOM-DEA-CCSD method to the calculations of a multiphoton property, two-photon absorption (2PA) cross sections. Closed-form expressions for the 2PA cross sections are derived within the expectation-value approach using response wave functions. We analyze the performance of this new implementation by comparing the EOM-DEA-CCSD energies and 2PA cross sections with those computed using the CC3 quadratic response theory approach. As benchmark systems, we consider transitions to the states with doubly excited character in twisted ethene and in polyenes, for which EOM-EE-CCSD (EOM-CCSD for excitation energies) performs poorly. The EOM-DEA-CCSD 2PA cross sections are comparable with the CC3 results for twisted ethene; however, the discrepancies between the two methods are large for hexatriene. The observed trends are explained by configurational analysis of the 2PA channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik D Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA
| | - Sahil Gulania
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA
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