1
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Mori R, Abe M, Saimoto Y, Shinto S, Jodai S, Tomomatsu M, Tazoe K, Ishida M, Enoki M, Kato N, Yamashita T, Itabashi Y, Nakanishi I, Ohkubo K, Kaidzu S, Tanito M, Matsuoka Y, Morimoto K, Yamada KI. Construction of a screening system for lipid-derived radical inhibitors and validation of hit compounds to target retinal and cerebrovascular diseases. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103186. [PMID: 38744193 PMCID: PMC11109892 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the indispensable role of oxidized lipids in inflammatory responses, cell death, and disease pathogenesis. Consequently, inhibitors targeting oxidized lipids, particularly lipid-derived radicals critical in lipid peroxidation, which are known as radical-trapping antioxidants (RTAs), have been actively pursued. We focused our investigation on nitroxide compounds that have rapid second-order reaction rate constants for reaction with lipid-derived radicals. A novel screening system was developed by employing competitive reactions between library compounds and a newly developed profluorescence nitroxide probe with lipid-derived radicals to identify RTA compounds. A PubMed search of the top hit compounds revealed their wide application as repositioned drugs. Notably, the inhibitory efficacy of methyldopa, selected from these compounds, against retinal damage and bilateral common carotid artery stenosis was confirmed in animal models. These findings underscore the efficacy of our screening system and suggest that it is an effective approach for the discovery of RTA compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masami Abe
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuma Saimoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Saki Shinto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sara Jodai
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Manami Tomomatsu
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kaho Tazoe
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Minato Ishida
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Enoki
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nao Kato
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamashita
- Department of Drug Discovery Structural Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Itabashi
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate (QLMS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Quantum RedOx Chemistry Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate (QLMS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kaidzu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Matsuoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazushi Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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2
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Elizalde F, Pertici V, Aguirresarobe R, Ximenis M, Vozzolo G, Lezama L, Ruipérez F, Gigmes D, Sardon H. Tuning Reprocessing Temperature of Aliphatic Polyurethane Networks by Alkoxyamine Selection. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:7057-7065. [PMID: 38961862 PMCID: PMC11217918 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the largest employed thermoset family, polyurethanes (PUs), has great potential to be reprocessed due to the dynamic behavior of carbamate linkage. However, it requires high temperatures, especially in the case of aliphatic PUs, which causes side reactions besides the desired exchange reaction. To facilitate the reprocessing of aliphatic PUs, in this work, we have explored the dynamic potential of alkoxyamine bonds in PU networks to facilitate the reprocessing under mild conditions considering their fast recombination ability. Taking advantage of the structural effect of the nitroxide and alkyl radicals on the dissociation energy, two different alkoxyamine-based diols have been designed and synthesized to generate PU networks. Our study shows that replacing 50 mol % of a nondynamic diol chain extender with these dynamic blocks boosts the relaxation times of the networks, enabling reprocessing at temperatures as low as 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fermin Elizalde
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa
72, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastian, Spain
| | - Vincent Pertici
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Robert Aguirresarobe
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa
72, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marta Ximenis
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa
72, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastian, Spain
| | - Giulia Vozzolo
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa
72, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastian, Spain
| | - Luis Lezama
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry and BC Materials, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Fernando Ruipérez
- POLYMAT
and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa
72, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastian, Spain
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3
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Dennis FM, Romero Arenas A, Rodgers G, Shanmugam M, Andrews JA, Peralta-Arriaga SL, Partridge BM. Cu-Catalyzed Coupling of Aliphatic Amines with Alkylboronic Esters. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303636. [PMID: 38168746 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We report a Cu-catalyzed oxidative coupling of aliphatic amines with benzylic and aliphatic boronic esters to give high value alkyl amines, products found widely in applications from medicinal chemistry to materials science. This operationally simple reaction, which can be performed on gram scale, runs under mild conditions and exhibits broad functional group tolerance. The terminal oxidant of the reaction is O2 from the air, avoiding the need for additional chemical oxidants. Investigation into the reaction mechanism suggests that the boronic ester is activated by an aminyl radical, formed through oxidation of the amine by the Cu catalyst, to give a key alkyl radical intermediate. To demonstrate its utility and potential for late-stage functionalization, we showcase the method as the final step in the total synthesis of a TRPV1 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Dennis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Romero Arenas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - George Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Muralidharan Shanmugam
- Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benjamin M Partridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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4
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Ahlawat M, Neelakshi, Ramapanicker R, Govind Rao V. Enhancing Photocatalytic Attributes of Perovskite Nanocrystals in Aqueous Media via Ligand Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:623-632. [PMID: 38112532 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable catalytic potential of perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) remains underutilized due to their limited stability in polar media, resulting from the vulnerability of their structure to disruption by polar solvents. In this study, we address this challenge by employing the bolaamphiphilic NKE-12 ligand, which features multiple denticities to effectively shield the surface of CsPbBr3 NCs from polar solvent interactions without compromising their light-harvesting properties. Our research, utilizing electrochemical impedance and photocurrent response measurements, highlights efficient charge separation and charge transfer enabled by NKE-12 ligands, which feature multiple ionic groups and peptide bonds, compared to conventional oleylamine/oleic acid ligands on CsPbBr3 NCs. Through the utilization of purely ligand-derived water-dispersed CsPbBr3/NKE-12 NCs, we successfully showcased their photocatalytic activity for acrylamide polymerization. A series of control experiments unveil a radical-based reaction pathway and suggest the synergistic involvement of photogenerated electrons and holes in producing the O2·- and OH· free radicals, respectively. Our findings emphasize the crucial role of ligand engineering in stabilizing perovskites in water and harnessing their exceptional photocatalytic attributes. This study opens new avenues for applying perovskite NCs in various catalytic processes in polar media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ahlawat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Neelakshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Ramesh Ramapanicker
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Vishal Govind Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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5
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Li JL, Yang Z, Shen S, Yang XL, Niu X. TEMPO-Mediated Interrupted 6π-Photocyclization of ortho-Biaryl-Appended 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds toward 10-Phenanthrenols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:44-56. [PMID: 38088910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an example of a photoinduced catalyst, halogen-, and base-free TEMPO-mediated interrupted 6π-photocyclization/dehydrogenative aromatization of ortho-biaryl-appended 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds for the preparation of 10-phenanthrenols. The reaction involves rapid photocycloaddition via a 1,2-biradical of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, followed by subsequent dehydrogenative aromatization of 1,4-biradical intermediates using TEMPO as the commercially available oxidant rather than trapped by TEMPO to form an alkoxyamine product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shigang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Niu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Chemistry Affiliated College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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6
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Abstract
Nitroxides, also known as nitroxyl radicals, are long-lived or stable radicals with the general structure R1R2N-O•. The spin distribution over the nitroxide N and O atoms contributes to the thermodynamic stability of these radicals. The presence of bulky N-substituents R1 and R2 prevents nitroxide radical dimerization, ensuring their kinetic stability. Despite their reactivity toward various transient C radicals, some nitroxides can be easily stored under air at room temperature. Furthermore, nitroxides can be oxidized to oxoammonium salts (R1R2N═O+) or reduced to anions (R1R2N-O-), enabling them to act as valuable oxidants or reductants depending on their oxidation state. Therefore, they exhibit interesting reactivity across all three oxidation states. Due to these fascinating properties, nitroxides find extensive applications in diverse fields such as biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, materials science, and organic synthesis. This review focuses on the versatile applications of nitroxides in organic synthesis. For their use in other important fields, we will refer to several review articles. The introductory part provides a brief overview of the history of nitroxide chemistry. Subsequently, the key methods for preparing nitroxides are discussed, followed by an examination of their structural diversity and physical properties. The main portion of this review is dedicated to oxidation reactions, wherein parent nitroxides or their corresponding oxoammonium salts serve as active species. It will be demonstrated that various functional groups (such as alcohols, amines, enolates, and alkanes among others) can be efficiently oxidized. These oxidations can be carried out using nitroxides as catalysts in combination with various stoichiometric terminal oxidants. By reducing nitroxides to their corresponding anions, they become effective reducing reagents with intriguing applications in organic synthesis. Nitroxides possess the ability to selectively react with transient radicals, making them useful for terminating radical cascade reactions by forming alkoxyamines. Depending on their structure, alkoxyamines exhibit weak C-O bonds, allowing for the thermal generation of C radicals through reversible C-O bond cleavage. Such thermally generated C radicals can participate in various radical transformations, as discussed toward the end of this review. Furthermore, the application of this strategy in natural product synthesis will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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7
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Sowiński MP, Gahlawat S, Lund BA, Warnke AL, Hopmann KH, Lovett JE, Haugland MM. Conformational tuning improves the stability of spirocyclic nitroxides with long paramagnetic relaxation times. Commun Chem 2023; 6:111. [PMID: 37277501 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroxides are widely used as probes and polarization transfer agents in spectroscopy and imaging. These applications require high stability towards reducing biological environments, as well as beneficial relaxation properties. While the latter is provided by spirocyclic groups on the nitroxide scaffold, such systems are not in themselves robust under reducing conditions. In this work, we introduce a strategy for stability enhancement through conformational tuning, where incorporating additional substituents on the nitroxide ring effects a shift towards highly stable closed spirocyclic conformations, as indicated by X-ray crystallography and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Closed spirocyclohexyl nitroxides exhibit dramatically improved stability towards reduction by ascorbate, while maintaining long relaxation times in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. These findings have important implications for the future design of new nitroxide-based spin labels and imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz P Sowiński
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sahil Gahlawat
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
- Hylleraas Center for Quantum Molecular Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjarte A Lund
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anna-Luisa Warnke
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kathrin H Hopmann
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Janet E Lovett
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy and BSRC, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Marius M Haugland
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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8
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Gholami F, Yousefnejad F, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. Vinyl azides in organic synthesis: an overview. RSC Adv 2023; 13:990-1018. [PMID: 36686934 PMCID: PMC9811501 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06726a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among organic azides, vinyl azides have attracted significant attention, because of their unique properties in organic synthesis, which led to reports of many types of research on this versatile conjugated azide in recent years. This magical precursor can also be converted into intermediates such as iminyl radicals, 2H-azirines, iminyl metal complexes, nitrilium ions, and iminyl ions, making this compound useful in heterocycle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Gholami
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Faeze Yousefnejad
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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9
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Qian B, Zhang L, Zhang G, Fu Y, Zhu X, Shen G. Thermodynamic Evaluation on Alkoxyamines of TEMPO Derivatives, Stable Alkoxyamines or Potential Radical Donors? ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao‐Chen Qian
- School of Medical Engineering Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Medical Engineering Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Gao‐Shuai Zhang
- School of Medical Engineering Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Hua Fu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang Henan 455000 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Qing Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Bin Shen
- School of Medical Engineering Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
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10
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Ito T, Seidel FW, Jin X, Nozaki K. TEMPO as a Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalyst for Aerobic Dehydrogenation of Activated Alkanes to Alkenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12733-12740. [PMID: 36073788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) has been extensively utilized as a radical scavenger or an oxidation catalyst. In contrast, TEMPO as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst has rarely been studied. Here, we report that TEMPO, as the HAT catalyst, homolytically cleaves benzylic or allylic C-H bonds to give the corresponding alkyl radicals. Benefiting from the dual roles played by TEMPO as the HAT catalyst and the radical scavenger, the highly challenging aerobic dehydrogenation of activated alkanes to alkenes is successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Falk William Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Xiongjie Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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11
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Williams PJH, Boustead GA, Heard DE, Seakins PW, Rickard AR, Chechik V. New Approach to the Detection of Short-Lived Radical Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15969-15976. [PMID: 36001076 PMCID: PMC9460783 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report a new general method for trapping short-lived
radicals,
based on a homolytic substitution reaction SH2′.
This departure from conventional radical trapping by addition or radical–radical
cross-coupling results in high sensitivity, detailed structural information,
and general applicability of the new approach. The radical traps in
this method are terminal alkenes possessing a nitroxide leaving group
(e.g., allyl-TEMPO derivatives). The trapping process
thus yields stable products which can be stored and subsequently analyzed
by mass spectrometry (MS) supported by well-established techniques
such as isotope exchange, tandem MS, and high-performance liquid chromatography-MS.
The new method was applied to a range of model radical reactions in
both liquid and gas phases including a photoredox-catalyzed thiol–ene
reaction and alkene ozonolysis. An unprecedented range of radical
intermediates was observed in complex reaction mixtures, offering
new mechanistic insights. Gas-phase radicals can be detected at concentrations
relevant to atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J H Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | | | - Dwayne E Heard
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Paul W Seakins
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Andrew R Rickard
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Victor Chechik
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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12
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Wang C, Akbulatov S, Chen Q, Tian Y, Sun CL, Couty M, Boulatov R. The molecular mechanism of constructive remodeling of a mechanically-loaded polymer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3154. [PMID: 35672410 PMCID: PMC9174275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Large or repeated mechanical loads usually degrade polymers by accelerating fragmentation of their backbones but rarely, they can cause new backbone bonds to form. When these new bonds form faster than the original bonds break, mechanical degradation may be arrested or reversed in real time. Exploiting such constructive remodeling has proven challenging because we lack an understanding of the competition between bond-forming and bond-breaking reactions in mechanically-stressed polymers. Here we report the molecular mechanism and analysis of constructive remodeling driven by the macroradical products of mechanochemical fragmentation of a hydrocarbon backbone. By studying the changing compositions of a random copolymer of styrene and butadiene sheared at 10 °C in the presence of different additives we developed an approach to characterizing this growth/fracture competition, which is generalizable to other underlying chemistries. Our results demonstrate that constructive remodeling is achievable under practically relevant conditions, requires neither complex chemistries, elaborate macromolecular architectures or free monomers, and is amenable to detailed mechanistic interrogation and simulation. These findings constitute a quantitative framework for systematic studies of polymers capable of autonomously counteracting mechanical degradation at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Sergey Akbulatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Qihan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Yancong Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Cai-Li Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Marc Couty
- Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France.
| | - Roman Boulatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
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13
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Machín Rivera R, Burton NR, Call LD, Tomat MA, Lindsay VNG. Synthesis of Highly Congested Tertiary Alcohols via the [3,3] Radical Deconstruction of Breslow Intermediates. Org Lett 2022; 24:4275-4280. [PMID: 35657720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pericyclic processes such as [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements leading to the rapid generation of molecular complexity constitute highly valuable tools in organic synthesis. Herein, we report the formation of particularly hindered tertiary alcohols via rearrangement of Breslow intermediates formed in situ from readily available N-allyl thiazolium salts and benzaldehyde derivatives. Experimental mechanistic studies performed suggest that the reaction proceeds via a close radical pair which recombine in a regio- and diastereoselective manner, formally leading to [3,3]-rearranged products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Machín Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nikolas R Burton
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Luke D Call
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Marshall A Tomat
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N G Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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14
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Tanaka T, Kiuchi T, Ooe Y, Iwamoto H, Takizawa SY, Murata S, Hasegawa E. A Photocatalytic System Composed of Benzimidazolium Aryloxide and Tetramethylpiperidine 1-Oxyl to Promote Desulfonylative α-Oxyamination Reactions of α-Sulfonylketones. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4655-4666. [PMID: 35155957 PMCID: PMC8829864 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A new photocatalytic system was developed for carrying out desulfonylative α-oxyamination reactions of α-sulfonylketones in which α-ketoalkyl radicals are generated. The catalytic system is composed of benzimidazolium aryloxide betaines (BI+-ArO-), serving as visible light-absorbing electron donor photocatalysts, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO), playing dual roles as an electron donor for catalyst recycling and a reagent to capture the generated radical intermediates. Information about the detailed nature of BI+-ArO- and the photocatalytic processes with TEMPO was gained using absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical measurements, and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Tanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata
University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kiuchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata
University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ooe
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata
University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Hajime Iwamoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata
University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Takizawa
- Department
of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shigeru Murata
- Department
of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Eietsu Hasegawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata
University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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15
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Yamauchi K, Matsuoka Y, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Naka H, Taniguchi Y, Kawai K, Bamba T, Yamada KI. Detection and structural analysis of pyrimidine-derived radicals generated on DNA using a profluorescent nitroxide probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:56-59. [PMID: 34897335 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04998d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative damage of DNA is associated with aging and the development of various diseases. Although nucleoside-derived radicals play an important role in DNA oxidation, their analysis methods are limited. Herein, we propose a fluorometric detection and structural analysis of radicals on the surface of oxidatively damaged DNA using a profluorescent nitroxide probe combined with liquid chromatography-fluorometry and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosho Yamauchi
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yuta Matsuoka
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideto Naka
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Taniguchi
- Frontier in Biofunction of Nucleic Acid and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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16
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CF3-Bis-TEMPO-Vis: New Visible Light Active Bis-Benzimidazolequinone Alkoxyamine. MOLBANK 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/m1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkoxyamines of TEMPO usually dissociate thermally at >100 °C; however, room temperature homolysis, activated by visible light, occurs with benzimidazolequinone derivatives. 1,1’-Dimethyl-2,2’-bis{[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxy]methyl}-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H,1’H-[5,5’-bibenzimidazole]-4,4’,7,7’-tetrone (CF3-Bis-TEMPO-Vis) is prepared in a 59% yield through NBS/H2SO4 oxidative demethylations of the dimethoxybenzimidazole-benzimidazolequinone precursor with aqueous work up. The alternative basic work up in air gave the epoxide derivative of CF3-Bis-TEMPO-Vis. Unlike the latter CF3-epoxide, both alkoxyamine residues are labile under green light (470–600 nm), and the rate of TEMPO release is three times slower than Bis-TEMPO-Vis.
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17
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Waggoner AR, Abdulrahman Y, Iverson AJ, Gibson EP, Buckles MA, Poole JS. Reaction of hydroxyl radical with arenes in solution—On the importance of benzylic hydrogen abstraction. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yahya Abdulrahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry St. Cloud State University St. Cloud Minnesota USA
| | - Alexis J. Iverson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry St. Cloud State University St. Cloud Minnesota USA
| | - Ethan P. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry Ball State University Muncie Indiana USA
| | - Mark A. Buckles
- Department of Chemistry Ball State University Muncie Indiana USA
| | - James S. Poole
- Department of Chemistry Ball State University Muncie Indiana USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry St. Cloud State University St. Cloud Minnesota USA
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18
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Grigor’eva LN, Tikhonov AY, Lomanovich KA, Mazhukin DG. Stable Bicyclic Functionalized Nitroxides: The Synthesis of Derivatives of Aza-nortropinone-5-Methyl-3-oxo-6,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]-6-octene 8-oxyls. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103050. [PMID: 34065372 PMCID: PMC8161028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, bicyclic nitroxyl radicals have caught chemists’ attention as selective catalysts for the oxidation of alcohols and amines and as additives and mediators in directed C-H oxidative transformations. In this regard, the design and development of synthetic approaches to new functional bicyclic nitroxides is a relevant and important issue. It has been reported that imidazo[1,2-b]isoxazoles formed during the condensation of acetylacetone with 2-hydroxyaminooximes having a secondary hydroxyamino group are recyclized under mild basic catalyzed conditions to 8-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-oxo-6,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]-6-octenes. The latter, containing a sterically hindered cyclic N-hydroxy group, upon oxidation with lead dioxide in acetone, virtually quantitatively form stable nitroxyl bicyclic radicals of a new class, which are derivatives of both 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPON) and 3-imidazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexsei Ya. Tikhonov
- Correspondence: (A.Y.T.); (D.G.M.); Tel.: +7-383-330-8867 (A.Y.T.); +7-383-330-6852 (D.G.M.)
| | | | - Dmitrii G. Mazhukin
- Correspondence: (A.Y.T.); (D.G.M.); Tel.: +7-383-330-8867 (A.Y.T.); +7-383-330-6852 (D.G.M.)
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19
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Zhang J, Coote ML, Ciampi S. Electrostatics and Electrochemistry: Mechanism and Scope of Charge-Transfer Reactions on the Surface of Tribocharged Insulators. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3019-3032. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Zhang
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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20
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Matsuoka Y, Yamada KI. Detection and structural analysis of lipid-derived radicals in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:441-449. [PMID: 33504242 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1881500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipids can be oxidized by reactive oxygen species, resulting in lipid peroxidation and the formation of reactive metabolites such as lipid-derived electrophiles. These products have been reported to induce inflammation, angiogenesis, and ferroptosis. Lipid peroxidation can produce many different products, each of which performs a different function, and which can be challenging to detect in vivo. The initial products of lipid oxidation are lipid-derived radicals, which can cause extensive chain reactions leading to lipid peroxidation. Hence, the ability to detect lipid radicals may provide information about this important class of molecules and the mechanism by which they cause cellular and tissue damage in a wide range of oxidative conditions. In this review, we report recent scientific advances in the detection of lipid-derived radicals in vitro and in cultured cells. We also introduce the possibility of visualization and structural analysis of lipid-derived radicals generated not only in in cells but also in animal tissue samples from oxidative disease models, using fluorescence-based lipid radicals' detection probes. We anticipate that the various innovative techniques summarized in this paper will be applied and further developed to clarify the role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Matsuoka
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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21
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Zaytseva EV, Mazhukin DG. Spirocyclic Nitroxides as Versatile Tools in Modern Natural Sciences: From Synthesis to Applications. Part I. Old and New Synthetic Approaches to Spirocyclic Nitroxyl Radicals. Molecules 2021; 26:677. [PMID: 33525514 PMCID: PMC7865516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirocyclic nitroxyl radicals (SNRs) are stable paramagnetics bearing spiro-junction at a-, b-, or g-carbon atom of the nitroxide fragment, which is part of the heterocyclic system. Despite the fact that the first representatives of SNRs were obtained about 50 years ago, the methodology of their synthesis and their usage in chemistry and biochemical applications have begun to develop rapidly only in the last two decades. Due to the presence of spiro-function in the SNRs molecules, the latter have increased stability to various reducing agents (including biogenic ones), while the structures of the biradicals (SNBRs) comprises a rigid spiro-fused core that fixes mutual position and orientation of nitroxide moieties that favors their use in dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments. This first review on SNRs will give a glance at various strategies for the synthesis of spiro-substituted, mono-, and bis-nitroxides on the base of six-membered (piperidine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 9,9'(10H,10H')-spirobiacridine, piperazine, and morpholine) or five-membered (2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole, pyrrolidine, 2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole, 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole, imidazolidine, and oxazolidine) heterocyclic cores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitrii G. Mazhukin
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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22
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Ismail TM, Mohan N, Sajith PK. Theoretical study of hydrogen bonding interactions in substituted nitroxide radicals. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05362g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interaction energy (Eint) of hydrogen bonded complexes of nitroxide radicals can be assessed in terms of the deepest minimum of molecular electrostatic potential (Vmin).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neetha Mohan
- Department of Chemistry
- Christopher Ingold Building
- University College London (UCL)
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - P. K. Sajith
- Department of Chemistry
- Farook College
- Kozhikode
- India
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23
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Zaremski MY, Odintsova VV. Kinetic Features of the Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate under Conditions of Nitroxide-Mediated Reversible Inhibition. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238221010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Abstract
In 1986, Rizzardo et al. discovered the nitroxide-mediated polymerization which relies on the reversibility of homolysis of the C-ON bond of alkoxyamine R1R2NOR3, a unique property of these molecules. This discovery has generated a tremendous endeavor in the field of polymer chemistry. Alkoxyamines have been used as initiators/controllers for nitroxide-mediated polymerization. Moreover, photoexcitable alkoxyamines that dissociate under light at different wavelengths have also been developed for polymer chemistry. Over the past few years, alkoxyamines have started to be used in materials sciences. In many cases (e.g., self-healing polymers), the development of smart materials requires the use of smart building blocks, that is, molecules or systems whose properties and/or structures change upon external stimuli. Alkoxyamines exhibit a unique property: reversible homolysis (i.e., homolysis of the C-ON bond into alkyl R3• and nitroxyl R1R2NO• radicals and reformation via the coupling of these two species). Until now, this property has been controlled only by changes in temperatures or by light irradiation. Chemical and/or biochemical control of the homolysis event would open new gates for the application of these molecules in different fields such as biology and medicine. Thus, the concept of smart alkoxyamines is discussed and exemplified via the activation of alkoxyamines using chemical or/and biochemical changes amplifying the polar, steric, and stabilization effects. In situ activation is also discussed. It is shown that (i) increasing the electron-withdrawing properties of the alkyl fragment weakens the C-ON bond and thus favors homolysis but is opposite for the nitroxyl fragment; (ii) increasing the steric hindrance on the nonactive site affords dramatic conformation changes which weaken the C-ON bond; and (iii) increasing the stabilization of the released alkyl radical weakens the C-ON bond. Solvent effects and intramolecular hydrogen bonding are also discussed. Reactions used to highlight our purpose are either reversible or nonreversible and used under conditions that are as mild as possible (temperatures below 40 °C and atmospheric pressure). For example, a several (thousands of millions of) millions of orders of magnitude enhancement of the homolysis rate constant is observed upon enzymatic hydrolysis at 37 °C, meaning that a shift from a stable alkoxyamine (t1/2 = 42 000 milleniums) to a highly labile alkoxyamine (tmax = 1500 s for 35% conversion) is achieved. Applications of this concept are discussed for safe NMP initiators and for theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Audran
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille, Cedex
20, France
| | - Sylvain R. A. Marque
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille, Cedex
20, France
| | - Philippe Mellet
- INSERM, 33076 Bordeaux, Cedex, France
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS, Case 93, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, Cedex, France
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25
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Paveliev SA, Alimkhanova LS, Sergeeva AV, Terent'ev AO. Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate promoted synthesis of O-phthalimide oximes from vinyl azides and N-hydroxyphthalimide. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Juliusson HY, Sigurdsson ST. Nitroxide-Derived N-Oxide Phenazines for Noncovalent Spin-Labeling of DNA. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2635-2642. [PMID: 32353177 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two o-benzoquinone derivatives of isoindoline were synthesized for use as building blocks to incorporate isoindoline nitroxides into different compounds and materials. These o-quinones were condensed with a number of o-phenylenediamines to form isoindoline-phenazines in high yields. Subsequent oxidation gave phenazine-di-N-oxide isoindoline nitroxides that were evaluated for noncovalent and site-directed spin-labeling of duplex DNA and RNA that contained abasic sites. Although only minor binding was observed for RNA, the unsubstituted phenazine-N,N-dioxide tetramethyl isoindoline nitroxide showed high binding affinity and selectivity towards abasic sites in duplex DNA that contained cytosine as the orphan base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haraldur Y Juliusson
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Snorri Th Sigurdsson
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107, Reykjavik, Iceland
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27
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Krylov IB, Paveliev SA, Budnikov AS, Terent’ev AO. Oxime radicals: generation, properties and application in organic synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1234-1276. [PMID: 32550935 PMCID: PMC7277713 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Oxyl radicals (compounds with an N-O• fragment) represent one of the richest families of stable and persistent organic radicals with applications ranging from catalysis of selective oxidation processes and mechanistic studies to production of polymers, energy storage, magnetic materials design and spectroscopic studies of biological objects. Compared to other N-oxyl radicals, oxime radicals (or iminoxyl radicals) have been underestimated for a long time as useful intermediates for organic synthesis, despite the fact that their precursors, oximes, are extremely widespread and easily available organic compounds. Furthermore, oxime radicals are structurally exceptional. In these radicals, the N-O• fragment is connected to an organic moiety by a double bond, whereas all other classes of N-oxyl radicals contain an R2N-O• fragment with two single C-N bonds. Although oxime radicals have been known since 1964, their broad synthetic potential was not recognized until the last decade, when numerous selective reactions of oxidative cyclization, functionalization, and coupling mediated by iminoxyl radicals were discovered. This review is focused on the synthetic methods based on iminoxyl radicals developed in the last ten years and also contains some selected data on previous works regarding generation, structure, stability, and spectral properties of these N-oxyl radicals. The reactions of oxime radicals are classified into intermolecular (oxidation by oxime radicals, oxidative C-O coupling) and intramolecular. The majority of works are devoted to intramolecular reactions of oxime radicals. These reactions are classified into cyclizations involving C-H bond cleavage and cyclizations involving a double C=C bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor B Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Stanislav A Paveliev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander S Budnikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander O Terent’ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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28
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Zaremski MY, Odintsova VV. Kinetic Features of Elementary Events in the Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate under Conditions of Nitroxide-Mediated Reversible Inhibition. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090420010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Cai R, Li X, Chen B, Xie Y, Xie H, Chen D. Antioxidant Change in Biosynthesis from Naringenin Chalcone to Flavonoid Apingenin. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongxin Cai
- School of Chinese Herbal MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
- Innovative Research & Development Laboratory of TCMGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xican Li
- School of Chinese Herbal MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
- Innovative Research & Development Laboratory of TCMGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ban Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
- Innovative Research & Development Laboratory of TCMGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yulu Xie
- School of Chinese Herbal MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
- Innovative Research & Development Laboratory of TCMGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Hong Xie
- School of Chinese Herbal MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
- Innovative Research & Development Laboratory of TCMGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Basic Medical ScienceGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China 510006
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30
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Yamada A, Abe M, Nishimura Y, Ishizaka S, Namba M, Nakashima T, Shimoji K, Hattori N. Photochemical generation of the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical from caged nitroxides by near-infrared two-photon irradiation and its cytocidal effect on lung cancer cells. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:863-873. [PMID: 31019579 PMCID: PMC6466695 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel caged nitroxides (nitroxide donors) with near-infrared two-photon (TP) responsive character, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(1-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)benzofuran-6-yl)ethoxy)piperidine (2a) and its regioisomer 2b, were designed and synthesized. The one-photon (OP) (365 ± 10 nm) and TP (710–760 nm) triggered release (i.e., uncaging) of the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical under air atmosphere were discovered. The quantum yields for the release of the TEMPO radical were 2.5% (2a) and 0.8% (2b) in benzene at ≈1% conversion of 2, and 13.1% (2a) and 12.8% (2b) in DMSO at ≈1% conversion of 2. The TP uncaging efficiencies were determined to be 1.1 GM at 740 nm for 2a and 0.22 GM at 730 nm for 2b in benzene. The cytocidal effect of compound 2a on lung cancer cells under photolysis conditions was also assessed to test the efficacy as anticancer agents. In a medium containing 100 μg mL−1 of 2a exposed to light, the number of living cells decreased significantly compared to the unexposed counterparts (65.8% vs 85.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayato Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,Hiroshima Research Centre for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,JST-CREST, K's Gobancho 6F, 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nishimura
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shoji Ishizaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,Hiroshima Research Centre for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masashi Namba
- Hiroshima Research Centre for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Taku Nakashima
- Hiroshima Research Centre for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Shimoji
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Hiroshima Research Centre for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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32
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Kato K, Osuka A. Platforms for Stable Carbon‐Centered Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8978-8986. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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33
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Moores LC, Kaur D, Smith MD, Poole JS. Regioselectivity of Hydroxyl Radical Reactions with Arenes in Nonaqueous Solutions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3260-3269. [PMID: 30779577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The regioselectivity of hydroxyl radical addition to arenes was studied using a novel analytical method capable of trapping radicals formed after the first elementary step of reaction, without alteration of the product distributions by secondary oxidation processes. Product analyses of these reactions indicate a preference for o- over p-substitution for electron donating groups, with both favored over m-addition. The observed distributions are qualitatively similar to those observed for the addition of other carbon-centered radicals, although the magnitude of the regioselectivity observed is greater for hydroxyl. The data, reproduced by high accuracy CBS-QB3 computational methods, indicate that both polar and radical stabilization effects play a role in the observed regioselectivities. The application and potential limitations of the analytical method used are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee C Moores
- Department of Chemistry , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana 47306 , United States
| | - Devinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana 47306 , United States
| | - Mathew D Smith
- Department of Chemistry , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana 47306 , United States
| | - James S Poole
- Department of Chemistry , Ball State University , Muncie , Indiana 47306 , United States
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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35
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Kielty P, Farràs P, McArdle P, Smith DA, Aldabbagh F. Visible-light unmasking of heterocyclic quinone methide radicals from alkoxyamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14665-14668. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08261a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Controllable room-temperature visible-light activated nitroxide (TEMPO)-release from benzimidazolequinone alkoxyamines and bis-alkoxyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kielty
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Pau Farràs
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- Galway
- Ireland
- Energy Research Centre
| | - Patrick McArdle
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Dennis A. Smith
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Fawaz Aldabbagh
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- Galway
- Ireland
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences
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36
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Audran G, Bagryanskaya E, Bagryanskaya I, Edeleva M, Joly JP, Marque SRA, Iurchenkova A, Kaletina P, Cherkasov S, Hai TT, Tretyakov E, Zhivetyeva S. How intramolecular coordination bonding (ICB) controls the homolysis of the C–ON bond in alkoxyamines. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25776-25789. [PMID: 35530086 PMCID: PMC9070044 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05334d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the C–ON bond homolysis rate constant kd is an essential parameter of alkoxyamine reactivity, it is especially important to tune kd without a major alteration of the structure of the molecule. Recently, several approaches have become known, e.g., protonation of functional groups and formation of metal complexes. In this paper, coordination reactions of [Zn(hfac)2(H2O)2] with a series of new SG1-based alkoxyamines affording complexes with different structures are presented. The kd values of the complexed forms of the alkoxyamines were compared to those of free and protonated ones to reveal the contribution of the electron-withdrawing property and structure stabilization. Together with previously published data, this work provides clues to the design of alkoxyamines that can be effectively activated upon coordination with metal ions. Furthermore, our results provide insight into the mechanism underlying the influence of complexation on the reactivity of alkoxyamines. This led us to describe different types of coordination: intramolecular in nitroxyl fragment, intramolecular in alkyl fragment, intramolecular between alkyl and nitroxyl fragment, and intermolecular one. All of them exhibit different trends which are dramatically altered by changes in conformation. Because the C–ON bond homolysis rate constant kd is an essential parameter of alkoxyamine reactivity, it is especially important to tune kd without a major alteration of the structure of the molecule.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Audran
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- ICR
- UMR 7273
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
| | - Elena Bagryanskaya
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - Irina Bagryanskaya
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | | | | | | | - Polina Kaletina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - Sergey Cherkasov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - Tung To Hai
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- ICR
- UMR 7273
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
| | - Evgeny Tretyakov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - Svetlana Zhivetyeva
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
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37
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Amatov T, Jangra H, Pohl R, Cisařová I, Zipse H, Jahn U. Unique Stereoselective Homolytic C-O Bond Activation in Diketopiperazine-Derived Alkoxyamines by Adjacent Amide Pyramidalization. Chemistry 2018; 24:15336-15345. [PMID: 30092124 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple monocyclic diketopiperazine (DKP)-derived alkoxyamines exhibit unprecedented activation of a remote C-O bond for homolysis by amide distortion. The combination of strain-release-driven amide planarization and the persistent radical effect (PRE) enables a unique, irreversible, and quantitative trans→cis isomerization under much milder conditions than typically observed for such homolysis-limited reactions. This isomerization is shown to be general and independent of the steric and electronic nature of both the amino acid side chains and the substituents at the DKP nitrogen atoms. Homolysis rate constants are determined, and they significantly differ for both the labile trans diastereomers and the stable cis diastereomers. To reveal the factors influencing this unusual process, structural features of the kinetic trans diastereomers and thermodynamic cis diastereomers are investigated in the solid state and in solution. X-ray crystallographic analysis and computational studies indicate substantial distortion of the amide bond from planarity in the trans-alkoxyamines, and this is believed to be the cause for the facile and quantitative isomerization. Thus, these amino-acid-derived alkoxyamines are the first examples that exhibit a large thermodynamic preference for one diastereomer over the other upon thermal homolysis, and this allows controlled switching of configurations and configurational cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tynchtyk Amatov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic.,Ludwig Maximilian University, Department of Chemistry, Butenandstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Harish Jangra
- Ludwig Maximilian University, Department of Chemistry, Butenandstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Cisařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Ludwig Maximilian University, Department of Chemistry, Butenandstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
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38
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Liang K, Tong X, Li T, Shi B, Wang H, Yan P, Xia C. Enantioselective Radical Cyclization of Tryptamines by Visible Light-Excited Nitroxides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10948-10958. [PMID: 30091607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxides can absorb both ultraviolet (UV) and visible light, and their electron can be excited from the π-bonding orbital to the antibonding π* orbital or the n-bonding orbital to the antibonding π* orbital, respectively. Despite the reported UV-induced hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process, the potential of nitroxides for visible light-excited photosynthesis is underexplored. Here we demonstrate that nitroxide can convert indole to its radical through a visible light-induced HAT process. A chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed cyclization of the in situ-formed imine radical, followed by trapping by another molecule of nitroxide, provides the product in high yield and enantioselectivity. To highlight the novelty and efficiency of this strategy, an asymmetric total synthesis of natural product (-)-verrupyrroloindoline was accomplished in 5 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Xiaogang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , China
| | - Bingfei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , China
| | - Pengcheng Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , China
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39
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Krylov IB, Paveliev SA, Syroeshkin MA, Korlyukov AA, Dorovatovskii PV, Zubavichus YV, Nikishin GI, Terent'ev AO. Hypervalent iodine compounds for anti-Markovnikov-type iodo-oxyimidation of vinylarenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2146-2155. [PMID: 30202467 PMCID: PMC6122379 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The iodo-oxyimidation of styrenes with the N-hydroxyimide/I2/hypervalent iodine oxidant system was proposed. Among the examined hypervalent iodine oxidants (PIDA, PIFA, IBX, DMP) PhI(OAc)2 proved to be the most effective; yields of iodo-oxyimides are 34-91%. A plausible reaction pathway includes the addition of an imide-N-oxyl radical to the double C=C bond and trapping of the resultant benzylic radical by iodine. It was shown that the iodine atom in the prepared iodo-oxyimides can be substituted by various nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor B Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, 143050 B. Vyazyomy, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav A Paveliev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Syroeshkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Korlyukov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str., 1, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Dorovatovskii
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yan V Zubavichus
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady I Nikishin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, 143050 B. Vyazyomy, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
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40
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Edeleva MV, Marque SR, Bagryanskaya EG. Imidazoline and imidazolidine nitroxides as controlling agents in nitroxide-mediated pseudoliving radical polymerization. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Shinto S, Matsuoka Y, Yamato M, Yamada KI. Antioxidant nitroxides protect hepatic cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 62:132-138. [PMID: 29610552 PMCID: PMC5874234 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes cell death and induces many kinds of disease, including liver disease. Nitroxides are known to react catalytically with free radicals. In this study, the cell protective activities of nitroxides were compared with those of other antioxidants. Nitroxides showed much greater inhibition of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death than other antioxidants in a hepatic cell line and in primary hepatocytes. The intracellular oxidative stress level at 24 h after hydrogen peroxide stimulation was significantly decreased by nitroxides, but not by other antioxidants. To clarify the mechanism of cell protection by nitroxides, we investigated whether nitroxides inhibited DNA damage and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation. We found that nitroxides reduced caspase-3 activation and may have ultimately inhibited cell death. In conclusion, nitroxides are very useful for attenuating cell damage due to oxidative stress. Nitroxides are thus a potential therapeutic agent for oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Shinto
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Matsuoka
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamato
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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42
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Krylov IB, Paveliev SA, Shumakova NS, Syroeshkin MA, Shelimov BN, Nikishin GI, Terent'ev AO. Iminoxyl radicalsvs. tert-butylperoxyl radical in competitive oxidative C–O coupling with β-dicarbonyl compounds. Oxime ether formation prevails over Kharasch peroxidation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:5670-5677. [PMID: 35539576 PMCID: PMC9078167 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13587d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative coupling of oxime and β-dicarbonyl compounds dominates in a β-dicarbonyl compound/oxime/Cu(ii)/t-BuOOH system; in the absence of oxime, oxidative coupling of t-BuOOH and a β-dicarbonyl compound (Kharasch peroxidation) takes place. The proposed conditions for oxidative coupling of oximes with dicarbonyl compounds require only catalytic amounts of copper salt and t-BuOOH serves as a terminal oxidant. The C–O coupling reaction proceeds via the formation of tert-butoxyl, tert-butylperoxyl and iminoxyl radicals. Apparently, tert-butylperoxyl radicals oxidize oxime into iminoxyl radical faster than they react with β-dicarbonyl compounds forming the Kharasch peroxidation product. Iminoxyl radicals are responsible for the formation of the target C–O coupling products; the yields are up to 77%. The Kharasch peroxidation system Cu(ii)cat./t-BuOOH, the source of t-BuOO˙ radicals, can be switched to generate iminoxyl radicals by adding various oximes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- I. B. Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - S. A. Paveliev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - N. S. Shumakova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - M. A. Syroeshkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - B. N. Shelimov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - G. I. Nikishin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - A. O. Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
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43
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Akula PS, Hong BC, Lee GH. Visible-light-induced C(sp3)–H activation for a C–C bond forming reaction of 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one with nucleophiles using oxygen with a photoredox catalyst or under catalyst-free conditions. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19580-19584. [PMID: 35540997 PMCID: PMC9080698 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A convenient photocatalyzed oxidative coupling reaction of 4-alkyl-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one and its derivatives with a variety of nucleophiles was developed with a ruthenium photoredox catalyst and oxygen under a household compact fluorescent light. With a slower reaction rate, the cross coupling transformation can be achieved in the absence of an external photocatalyst with a similar isolated yield. An application to the synthesis of natural product cephalandole A was also demonstrated. A convenient photocatalyzed coupling reaction of 4-alkyl-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one with a variety of nucleophiles was developed with a household compact fluorescent light. The synthesis of natural product cephalandole A was also demonstrated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Sudheer Akula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- National Chung Cheng University
- Chia-Yi 621
- Republic of China
| | - Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- National Chung Cheng University
- Chia-Yi 621
- Republic of China
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Center
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
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44
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Alkorta I, Elguero J, Elguero E. Nitroxide stable radicals interacting as Lewis bases in hydrogen bonds: A search in the Cambridge structural data base for intermolecular contacts. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Grubbs RB, Grubbs RH. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Living Polymerization—Emphasizing the Molecule in Macromolecules. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Grubbs
- Chemistry
Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Department
of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Kärkäs MD. Photochemical Generation of Nitrogen-Centered Amidyl, Hydrazonyl, and Imidyl Radicals: Methodology Developments and Catalytic Applications. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Prescott C, Bottle SE. Biological Relevance of Free Radicals and Nitroxides. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 75:227-240. [PMID: 27709467 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxides are stable, kinetically-persistent free radicals which have been successfully used in the study and intervention of oxidative stress, a critical issue pertaining to cellular health which results from an imbalance in the levels of damaging free radicals and redox-active species in the cellular environment. This review gives an overview of some of the biological processes that produce radicals and other reactive oxygen species with relevance to oxidative stress, and then discusses interactions of nitroxides with these species in terms of the use of nitroxides as redox-sensitive probes and redox-active therapeutic agents.
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Audran G, Bikanga R, Brémond P, Joly JP, Marque SRA, Nkolo P. Normal, Leveled, and Enhanced Steric Effects in Alkoxyamines Carrying a β-Phosphorylated Nitroxyl Fragment. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5702-5709. [PMID: 28508644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The design of new R1R2NOR3 alkoxyamines for various applications relies on the accurate prediction of two kinetic parameters, the C-ON bond homolysis rate constant (kd) and its re-formation rate constant (kc). Relationships to describe the steric and polar effects of the R1R2NO fragment ruling kd have been developed. For all cyclic nitroxyl fragments, the steric effect is described as the sum of the bulkiness of the R1 and R2 groups (i.e., normal steric effect), while for the noncyclic nitroxyl fragment (except for one case), a leveled steric effect is assumed. In this work, we show that the normal steric effect also applies to noncyclic nitroxyl fragments and that for one case an enhanced steric effect is also observed, i.e., experimental kd >5-fold larger than the predicted value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Audran
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Raphael Bikanga
- Laboratoire de Substances Naturelles et des Syntheses Organometalliques, Universite des Sciences et Technique de Masuku , B.P. 493, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Paul Brémond
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-Patrick Joly
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Sylvain R A Marque
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.,N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS , Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Paulin Nkolo
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, case 551, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Sen' VD, Sokolova EM, Neshev NI, Kulikov AV, Pliss EM. Low molecular chitosan–(poly)nitroxides: Synthesis and evaluation as antioxidants on free radical-induced erythrocyte hemolysis. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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50
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Krylov IB, Paveliev SA, Shelimov BN, Lokshin BV, Garbuzova IA, Tafeenko VA, Chernyshev VV, Budnikov AS, Nikishin GI, Terent'ev AO. Selective cross-dehydrogenative C–O coupling of N-hydroxy compounds with pyrazolones. Introduction of the diacetyliminoxyl radical into the practice of organic synthesis. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00447h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative C–O coupling of oximes, N-hydroxyphthalimide, and N-hydroxybenzotriazole with pyrazolones via formation of N-oxyl radicals is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor B. Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav A. Paveliev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Boris N. Shelimov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Boris V. Lokshin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Irina A. Garbuzova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Viktor A. Tafeenko
- Department of Chemistry
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V. Chernyshev
- Department of Chemistry
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS
| | - Alexander S. Budnikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
- Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
| | - Gennady I. Nikishin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O. Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
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