1
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Hamed OA, Abou-Elmagd El-Sayed N, Mahmoud WR, F Elmasry G. Molecular docking approach for the design and synthesis of new pyrazolopyrimidine analogs of roscovitine as potential CDK2 inhibitors endowed with pronounced anticancer activity. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107413. [PMID: 38696844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a vital protein for controlling cell cycle progression that is critically associated with various malignancies and its inhibition could offer a convenient therapeutic approach in designing anticancer remedies. Consequently, this study aimed to design and synthesize new CDK2 inhibitors featuring roscovitine as a template model. The purine ring of roscovitine was bioisosterically replaced with the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold, in addition to some modifications in the side chains. A preliminary molecular docking study for the target chemotypes in the CDK2 binding domain revealed their ability to accomplish similar binding patterns and interactions to that of the lead compound roscovitine. Afterwards, synthesis of the new derivatives was accomplished. Then, the initial anticancer screening at a single dose by the NCI revealed that compounds 7a, 9c, 11c, 17a and 17b achieved the highest GI% values reaching up to 150 % indicating their remarkable activity. These derivatives were subsequently selected to undertake five-dose testing, where compounds 7a, 9c, 11c and 17a unveiled the most pronounced activity against almost the full panel with GI50 ranges; 1.41-28.2, 0.116-2.39, 0.578-60.6 and 1.75-42.4 µM, respectively and full panel GI50 (MG-MID); 8.24, 0.6, 2.46 and 6.84 µM, respectively. CDK2 inhibition assay presented compounds 7a and 9c as the most potent inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.262 and 0.281 µM, respectively which are nearly 2.4 folds higher than the reference ligand roscovitine (IC50 = 0.641 µM). Besides, flow cytometric analysis on the most susceptible and safe cell lines depicted that 7a caused cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase in renal cancer cell line (RXF393) while 9c led to cell growth arrest at S phase in breast cancer cell line (T-47D) along with pronounced apoptotic induction in the mentioned cell lines. These findings afforded new anticancer pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, roscovitine analogs, acting via CDK2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Alaa Hamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehad Abou-Elmagd El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa R Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada F Elmasry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Danishuddin, Malik MZ, Kashif M, Haque S, Kim JJ. Exploring chemical space, scaffold diversity, and activity landscape of spleen tyrosine kinase active inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 35:325-342. [PMID: 38690773 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2024.2345618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to comprehensively characterize 576 inhibitors targeting Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase primarily found in haematopoietic cells, with significant relevance to B-cell receptor function. The objective is to gain insights into the structural requirements essential for potent activity, with implications for various therapeutic applications. Through chemoinformatic analyses, we focus on exploring the chemical space, scaffold diversity, and structure-activity relationships (SAR). By leveraging ECFP4 and MACCS fingerprints, we elucidate the relationship between chemical compounds and visualize the network using RDKit and NetworkX platforms. Additionally, compound clustering and visualization of the associated chemical space aid in understanding overall diversity. The outcomes include identifying consensus diversity patterns to assess global chemical space diversity. Furthermore, incorporating pairwise activity differences enhances the activity landscape visualization, revealing heterogeneous SAR patterns. The dataset analysed in this work has three activity cliff generators, CHEMBL3415598, CHEMBL4780257, and CHEMBL3265037, compounds with high affinity to SYK are very similar to compounds analogues with reasonable potency differences. Overall, this study provides a critical analysis of SYK inhibitors, uncovering potential scaffolds and chemical moieties crucial for their activity, thereby advancing the understanding of their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danishuddin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - M Z Malik
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - M Kashif
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - J J Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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3
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Mushtaq A, Wu P, Naseer MM. Recent drug design strategies and identification of key heterocyclic scaffolds for promising anticancer targets. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 254:108579. [PMID: 38160914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, a noncommunicable disease, is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and is anticipated to rise by 75% in the next two decades, reaching approximately 25 million cases. Traditional cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy and surgery, have shown limited success in reducing cancer incidence. As a result, the focus of cancer chemotherapy has switched to the development of novel small molecule antitumor agents as an alternate strategy for combating and managing cancer rates. Heterocyclic compounds are such agents that bind to specific residues in target proteins, inhibiting their function and potentially providing cancer treatment. This review focuses on privileged heterocyclic pharmacophores with potent activity against carbonic anhydrases and kinases, which are important anticancer targets. Evaluation of ongoing pre-clinical and clinical research of heterocyclic compounds with potential therapeutic value against a variety of malignancies as well as the provision of a concise summary of the role of heterocyclic scaffolds in various chemotherapy protocols have also been discussed. The main objective of the article is to highlight key heterocyclic scaffolds involved in recent anticancer drug design that demands further attention from the drug development community to find more effective and safer targeted small-molecule anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Peng Wu
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Muhammad Moazzam Naseer
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
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4
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Takarada JE, Cunha MR, Almeida VM, Vasconcelos SNS, Santiago AS, Godoi PH, Salmazo A, Ramos PZ, Fala AM, de Souza LR, Da Silva IEP, Bengtson MH, Massirer KB, Couñago RM. Discovery of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as novel mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117561. [PMID: 38157838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The dual-specificity protein kinase MKK3 has been implicated in tumor cell proliferation and survival, yet its precise role in cancer remains inconclusive. A critical step in elucidating the kinase's involvement in disease biology is the identification of potent, cell-permeable kinase inhibitors. Presently, MKK3 lacks a dedicated tool compound for these purposes, along with validated methods for the facile screening, identification, and optimization of inhibitors. In this study, we have developed a TR-FRET-based enzymatic assay for the detection of MKK3 activity in vitro and a BRET-based assay to assess ligand binding to this enzyme within intact human cells. These assays were instrumental in identifying hit compounds against MKK3 that share a common chemical scaffold, sourced from a library of bioactive kinase inhibitors. Initial hits were subsequently expanded through the synthesis of novel analogs. The resulting structure-activity relationship (SAR) was rationalized using molecular dynamics simulations against a homology model of MKK3. We expect our findings to expedite the development of novel, potent, selective, and bioactive inhibitors, thus facilitating investigations into MKK3's role in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica E Takarada
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Micael R Cunha
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Almeida
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Stanley N S Vasconcelos
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - André S Santiago
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Godoi
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Anita Salmazo
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Priscila Z Ramos
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angela M Fala
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lucas R de Souza
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Italo E P Da Silva
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mario H Bengtson
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Katlin B Massirer
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Couñago
- Center of Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas, Av. Dr. André Tosello 550, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil; Structural Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Tiwari G, Khanna A, Tyagi R, Mishra VK, Narayana C, Sagar R. Copper-catalyzed synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine based triazole-linked glycohybrids: mechanistic insights and bio-applications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:529. [PMID: 38177184 PMCID: PMC10766964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybrid molecules maintain their stronghold in the drug market, with over 60% of drug candidates in pharmaceutical industries. The substantial expenses for developing and producing biologically privileged drugs are expected to create opportunities for producing hybrid molecule-based drugs. Therefore, we have developed a simple and efficient copper-catalyzed approach for synthesizing a wide range of triazole-linked glycohybrids derived from pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Employing a microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed approach, we developed a concise route using various 7-O-propargylated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and 1-azidoglycosides. This strategy afforded a series of twenty-seven glycohybrids up to 98% yield with diverse stereochemistry. All were achieved within a remarkably shortened time frame. Our investigation extends to evaluating the anticancer potential of these synthesized triazole-linked pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine-based glycohybrids. In-vitro assays against MCF-7, MDA-MB231, and MDA-MB453 cell lines reveal intriguing findings. (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(4-(((5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate emerges as a standout with better anticancer activity against MDA-MB231 cells (IC50 = 29.1 µM), while (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(4-(((5-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate demonstrates the best inhibitory effects against MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 15.3 µM) in all derived compounds. These results align with our docking analysis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations, further validating the in-vitro outcomes. This work not only underscores the synthetic utility of our devised protocol but also highlights the promising potential of these glycohybrids as candidates for further anticancer therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Chintam Narayana
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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6
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Chung CY, Tseng CC, Li SM, Zeng WZ, Lin YC, Hu YP, Jiang WP, Huang GJ, Tsai HJ, Wong FF. Synthesis of β-Amino Carbonyl 6-(Aminomethyl)- and 6-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrazolopyrimidines for DPP-4 Inhibition Study. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3380-3396. [PMID: 35702778 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220614094305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type-2 diabetes is a chronic progressive metabolic disease resulting in severe vascular complications and mortality risk. Recently, DPP-4 inhibitors had been conceived as a favorable class of agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes due to the minimal side effects. METHODS Sitagliptin is the first medicine approved for the DPP-4 inhibitor. Its structure involved three fragments: 2,4,5-triflorophenyl fragment pharmacophore, enantiomerically β-amino carbonyl linker, and tetrahydrotriazolopyridine. Herein, we are drawn to the possibility of substituting tetrahydrotriazolopyridine motif present in Sitagliptin with a series of new fused pyrazolopyrimidine bicyclic fragment to investigate potency and safety. RESULTS Two series of fused 6-(aminomethyl)pyrazolopyrimidine and 6-(hydroxymethyl) pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives containing β-amino ester or amide as linkers were successfully designed for the new DPP-4 inhibitors. Most fused 6-methylpyrazolopyrimidines were evaluated against DPP-4 inhibition and selectivity capacity. Based on research study, β-amino carbonyl fused 6-(hydroxymethyl)pyrazolopyrimidine possesses the significant DPP-4 inhibition (IC50 ≤ 59.8 nM) and presents similar with Sitagliptin (IC50 = 28 nM). Particularly, they had satisfactory selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9, except for QPP. CONCLUSION β-Amino esters and amides fused 6-(hydroxymethyl)pyrazolopyrimidine were developed as the new DPP-4 inhibitors. Those compounds with a methyl group or hydrogen in N-1 position and methyl substituted group in C-3 of pyrazolopyrimidine moiety showed better potent DPP-4 inhibition (IC50 = 21.4-59.8 nM). Furthermore, they had satisfactory selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9 Finally, the docking results revealed that compound 9n was stabilized at DPP-4 active site and would be a potential lead drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yen Chung
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Tseng
- Phd Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Min Li
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zheng Zeng
- Master Program for Pharmaceutical Manufacture, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pei Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Henry J Tsai
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Fung Fuh Wong
- Phd Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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Hossan A, Alsahag M, Alisaac A, Bamaga MA, Alalawy AI, El-Metwaly NM. Synthesis, molecular modelling and biological evaluation of new 4-aminothiophene and thienopyrimidine compounds. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2023.2164993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Hossan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor Alsahag
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alisaac
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid A. Bamaga
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of The Two Holy Mosques Institute of Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel I. Alalawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Trentini A, Hanau S, Manfrinato MC, Cacciari B. Chemical and biological versatility of pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidines: one scaffold, multiple modes of action. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:2143-2148. [PMID: 37933597 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plain language summary Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines are chemical compounds possessing remarkable versatility and significance in both biological and chemical contexts. These compounds are composed of specific arrangements of atoms, forming a unique ring structure, which is able to form bonds in a similar way as purines do. In the realm of chemistry, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines showcase impressive flexibility due to their ability to easily react with various molecules, opening avenues for the creation of novel compounds with diverse properties for potential applications in medicinal chemistry. In a biological context, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines play a crucial role due to their interaction with proteins such as enzymes. In fact, these compounds can impact various biological processes, including cancer cell proliferation, oxidative stress and inflammation. This has led to investigations into their potential as therapeutic agents: by designing pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines with specific biological targets in mind, new drugs can be developed for the effective treatment of a range of medical conditions. Finally, novel administration tools (e.g., nanomaterials and functionalized liposomes) are being studied as effective ways to overcome the main unwanted characteristics of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (scarce solubility and off-target side effects), thereby increasing their efficacy and specificity toward cell targets. In conclusion, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines are fascinating molecules with a dual role in chemistry and biology. Their adaptability in chemical reactions makes them valuable building blocks for designing new compounds with diverse applications. Additionally, their interaction with biological molecules holds promise for the development of innovative medicines. Ongoing research into the properties and behaviors of these compounds could lead to significant advancements in both scientific fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental & Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Stefania Hanau
- Department of Neuroscience & Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Manfrinato
- Department of Neuroscience & Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Barbara Cacciari
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical & Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
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Zaki WA, El-Sayed SM, Alswah M, El-Morsy A, Bayoumi AH, Mayhoub AS, Moustafa WH, Awaji AA, Roh EJ, Hassan AH, Mahmoud K. Design, Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Studies of New N5-Substituted-pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidinone Derivatives as Anticancer CDK2 Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1593. [PMID: 38004458 PMCID: PMC10674233 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CDK2 is a key player in cell cycle processes. It has a crucial role in the progression of various cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are two common cancers that affect humans worldwide. The available therapeutic options suffer from many drawbacks including high toxicity and decreased specificity. Therefore, there is a need for more effective and safer therapeutic agents. A series of new pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogs was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as anticancer agents against the CRC and HCC cells, HCT116, and HepG2, respectively. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinone derivatives bearing N5-2-(4-halophenyl) acetamide substituents were identified as the most potent amongst evaluated compounds. Further evaluation of CDK2 kinase inhibition of two potential cytotoxic compounds 4a and 4b confirmed their CDK2 inhibitory activity. Compound 4a was more potent than the reference roscovitine regarding the CDK2 inhibitory activity (IC50 values: 0.21 and 0.25 µM, respectively). In silico molecular docking provided insights into the molecular interactions of compounds 4a and 4b with important amino acids within the ATP-binding site of CDK2 (Ile10, Leu83, and Leu134). Overall, compounds 4a and 4b were identified as interesting CDK2 inhibitors eliciting antiproliferative activity against the CRC and HCC cells, HCT116 and HepG2, respectively, for future further investigations and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed A. Zaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Selwan M. El-Sayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alswah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Ashraf H. Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Abrahman S. Mayhoub
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Walaa H. Moustafa
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 19448, Egypt
| | - Aeshah A. Awaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University College of Taymaa, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed H.E. Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Kazem Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt
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10
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Fang F, Xia J, Quan S, Chen S, Deng GJ. Metal- and Solvent-Free Synthesis of Substituted Pyrimidines via an NH 4I-Promoted Three-Component Tandem Reaction. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14697-14707. [PMID: 37773063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
A facile and practical approach for the preparation of substituted pyrimidines from ketones, NH4OAc, and N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal has been described. This NH4I-promoted three-component tandem reaction affords a broad range of substituted pyrimidines in acceptable yields under metal- and solvent-free conditions. The present methodology features the advantages of simple and easily available starting materials, metal- and solvent-free conditions, a broad substrate scope with good functional group tolerance, and gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Siying Quan
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Shanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
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11
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Aljohani AKB, El Zaloa WAZ, Alswah M, Seleem MA, Elsebaei MM, Bayoumi AH, El-Morsy AM, Almaghrabi M, Awaji AA, Hammad A, Alsulaimany M, Ahmed HEA. Development of Novel Class of Phenylpyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine-Based Analogs with Potent Anticancer Activity and Multitarget Enzyme Inhibition Supported by Docking Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15026. [PMID: 37834474 PMCID: PMC10573254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine is considered a milestone scaffold known to possess various biological activities such as antiparasitic, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities. In addition, the urgent need for selective and potent novel anticancer agents represents a major route in the drug discovery process. Herein, new aryl analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer effects on a panel of cancer cell lines: MCF-7, HCT116, and HePG-2. Some of these compounds showed potent cytotoxicity, with variable degrees of potency and cell line selectivity in antiproliferative assays with low resistance. As the analogs carry the pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold, which looks structurally very similar to tyrosine and receptor kinase inhibitors, the potent compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on three essential cancer targets: EGFRWT, EGFRT790M, VGFR2, and Top-II. The data obtained revealed that most of these compounds were potent, with variable degrees of target selectivity and dual EGFR/VGFR2 inhibitors at the IC50 value range, i.e., 0.3-24 µM. Among these, compound 5i was the most potent non-selective dual EGFR/VGFR2 inhibitor, with inhibitory concentrations of 0.3 and 7.60 µM, respectively. When 5i was tested in an MCF-7 model, it effectively inhibited tumor growth, strongly induced cancer cell apoptosis, inhibited cell migration, and suppressed cell cycle progression leading to DNA fragmentation. Molecular docking studies were performed to explore the binding mode and mechanism of such compounds on protein targets and mapped with reference ligands. The results of our studies indicate that the newly discovered phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based multitarget inhibitors have significant potential for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K. B. Aljohani
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.B.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Waheed Ali Zaki El Zaloa
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt (M.A.S.); (M.M.E.); (A.H.B.); (A.M.E.-M.); (A.H.)
| | - Mohamed Alswah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt (M.A.S.); (M.M.E.); (A.H.B.); (A.M.E.-M.); (A.H.)
| | - Mohamed A. Seleem
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt (M.A.S.); (M.M.E.); (A.H.B.); (A.M.E.-M.); (A.H.)
| | - Mohamed M. Elsebaei
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt (M.A.S.); (M.M.E.); (A.H.B.); (A.M.E.-M.); (A.H.)
| | - Ashraf H. Bayoumi
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt (M.A.S.); (M.M.E.); (A.H.B.); (A.M.E.-M.); (A.H.)
| | - Ahmed M. El-Morsy
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt (M.A.S.); (M.M.E.); (A.H.B.); (A.M.E.-M.); (A.H.)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Almaghrabi
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.B.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Aeshah A. Awaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University College of Taymaa, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Hammad
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt (M.A.S.); (M.M.E.); (A.H.B.); (A.M.E.-M.); (A.H.)
| | - Marwa Alsulaimany
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.B.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Hany E. A. Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt (M.A.S.); (M.M.E.); (A.H.B.); (A.M.E.-M.); (A.H.)
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12
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Verma M, Trivedi L, Vasudev PG. Interaction Patterns of Pyrazolopyrimidines with Receptor Proteins. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:2331-2344. [PMID: 37023262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds have a prominent role in medicinal chemistry and drug design. They are not only useful as medicinally active compounds but also as a modular structural scaffold for drug design. Therefore, heterocycles are present in many ligands that exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. Pyazolopyrimidines are nitrogen heterocycles and are part of many biologically active compounds and marketed drugs. This study examines the non-covalent interactions between the pyrazolopyrimidine rings and receptor proteins through data mining and analysis of high-resolution crystal structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. The Protein Data Bank contains 471 crystal structures with pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives as ligands, among which 50% contains 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (Pyp1), while 38% contains pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidines (Pyp2). 1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines (Pyp3) are found in 11% of the structures, and no structural data is available for pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine isomers (Pyp4). Among receptor proteins, transferases are found in most examples (67.5%), followed by hydrolases (13.4%) and oxidoreductases (8.9%). Detailed analysis of structures to identify the most prevalent interactions of pyrazolopyrimidines with proteins shows that aromatic π···π interactions are present in ∼91% of the structures and hydrogen bonds/other polar contacts are present in ∼73% of the structures. The centroid-centroid distances (dcent) between the pyrazolopyrimidine rings and aromatic side chains of the proteins have been retrieved from crystal structures recorded at a high resolution (data resolution <2.0 Å). The average value of dcent in pyrazolopyrimidine-protein complexes is 5.32 Å. The information on the geometric parameters of aromatic interactions between the core pyrazolopyrimidine ring and the protein would be helpful in future in silico modeling studies on pyrazolopyrimidine-receptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Verma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 220025, India
| | - Laxmikant Trivedi
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Prema G Vasudev
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 220025, India
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13
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Kassab AE. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold: A review on synthetic approaches and EGFR and VEGFR inhibitory activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200424. [PMID: 36192144 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine core has received a lot of interest from the medicinal chemistry community as a promising framework for drug design and discovery. It is an isostere of the adenine ring of adenosine triphosphate, which allows it to mimic kinase active site hinge region binding contacts. This scaffold has a wide pharmacological and biological value, one of which is as an anticancer agent. Many successful anticancer medicines have been designed and synthesized using pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine as a key pharmacophore. The main synthetic routes of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as well as their recent developments as promising anticancer agents acting as endothelial growth factor receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, published in the time frame from 1999 to 2022, are summarized in this review to set the direction for the design and synthesis of novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives for clinical deployment in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Mandour AA, Nassar IF, Abdel Aal MT, Shahin MAE, El-Sayed WA, Hegazy M, Yehia AM, Ismail A, Hagras M, Elkaeed EB, Refaat HM, Ismail NSM. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico studies of new CDK2 inhibitors based on pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[4,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- c]pyrimidine scaffold with apoptotic activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1957-1973. [PMID: 35815597 PMCID: PMC9278437 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2086866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition is considered a promising target for cancer treatment for its crucial role in cell cycle regulation. Pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives were well established for their antitumor activity via CDK2 inhibition. In this research, new series of pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives (4-15) was designed and synthesised as novel CDK2 inhibitors. The anti-proliferative activities against MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG-2 were used to evaluate their anticancer activity as novel CDK2 inhibitors. Most of the compounds showed superior cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and HCT-116 compared to Sorafenib. Only compounds 8, 14, and 15 showed potent activity against HepG-2. The CDK2/cyclin A2 enzyme inhibitory activity was tested for all synthesised compounds. Compound 15 showed the most significant inhibitory activity with IC50 0.061 ± 0.003 µM. It exerted remarkable alteration in Pre G1 and S phase cell cycle progression and caused apoptosis in HCT cells. In addition, the normal cell line cytotoxicity for compound 15 was assigned revealing low cytotoxic results in normal cells rather than cancer cells. Molecular docking was achieved on the designed compounds and confirmed the two essential hydrogen binding with Leu83 in CDK2 active site. In silico ADMET studies and drug-likeness showed proper pharmacokinetic properties which helped in structure requirements prediction for the observed antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Mandour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim F Nassar
- Faculty of Specific Education, Ain Shams University (ASU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed T Abdel Aal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A E Shahin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Wael A El-Sayed
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.,Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maghawry Hegazy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Yehia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hagras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M Refaat
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nasser S M Ismail
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Gaber AA, Sobhy M, Turky A, Abdulwahab HG, Al-Karmalawy AA, Elhendawy MA, Radwan MM, Elkaeed EB, Ibrahim IM, Elzahabi HSA, Eissa IH. Discovery of new 1 H-pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agents targeting EGFR WT and EGFR T790M. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2283-2303. [PMID: 36000168 PMCID: PMC9466626 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
New 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesised to act as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs). The synthesised derivatives were assessed for their in vitro anti-proliferative activities against A549 and HCT-116 cancer cells. Compounds 8, 10, 12a, and 12b showed potent anti-proliferative activities. Compound 12b was the most promising member with IC50 values of 8.21 and 19.56 µM against A549 and HCT-116, respectively. Compounds 8, 10, 12a, and 12b were evaluated for their kinase inhibitory activities against wild EGFR (EGFRWT). Compound 12b was the most potent member showing an IC50 value of 0.016 µM. In addition, compound 12b showed noticeable activity against mutant EGFR (EGFRT790M) (IC50 = 0.236 µM). Flow cytometric analyses revealed that compound 12b is a good apoptotic inducer and can arrest the cell cycle at S and G2/M phases. Furthermore, it produced an 8.8-fold increase in BAX/Bcl-2 ratio. Molecular docking studies were carried out against EGFRWT and EGFRT790M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Gaber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sobhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Turky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan Gaber Abdulwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Elhendawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, MS, USA.,Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba S A Elzahabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Zhang W, Tang CS, Xiang SQ. Condensation of acrylonitrile and aryl acetonitrile: construction of α-amino-β-cyano cyclohexene skeletons. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29840-29843. [PMID: 36321094 PMCID: PMC9578340 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04936h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A representative condensation of acrylonitrile and aryl acetonitrile has been reported for the synthesis of α-amino-β-cyano cyclohexene. The reaction was carried out mildly in an open environment at room temperature. The scope and versatility of the method have been demonstrated with 20 examples, containing highly active ethynyl groups. Further applications for 4-aminopyrimidine compounds were performed. A mechanism was proposed, involving Michael additions between acrylonitrile and aryl acetonitriles as well as intramolecular condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Chongqing University of Science and TechnologyChongqing401331China
| | | | - Shi-Qun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University, Ministry of EducationChangchun130103China,College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal UniversitySiping136000China
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17
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Jovanović Stojanov S, Kostić A, Ljujić M, Lupšić E, Schenone S, Pešić M, Dinić J. Autophagy Inhibition Enhances Anti-Glioblastoma Effects of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101503. [PMID: 36294938 PMCID: PMC9605466 DOI: 10.3390/life12101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance presents a major obstacle to the successful treatment of glioblastoma. Autophagy plays a key role in drug resistance, particularly in relation to targeted therapy, which has prompted the use of autophagy inhibitors to increase the effectiveness of targeted therapeutics. The ability of two Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Si306 and its prodrug pro-Si306, to induce autophagy was evaluated in the human glioblastoma cell line U87 and its multidrug-resistant counterpart U87-TxR. Autophagy markers were assessed by flow cytometry, microscopy, and Western blot, and induction of autophagy by these compounds was demonstrated after 3 h as well as 48 h. The effects of Si306 and pro-Si306 on cell proliferation and cell death were examined in the presence or absence of autophagy inhibition by bafilomycin A1. Combined treatments of Si306 and pro-Si306 with bafilomycin A1 were synergistic in nature, and the inhibition of autophagy sensitized glioblastoma cells to Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Si306 and pro-Si306 more strongly inhibited cell proliferation and triggered necrosis in combination with bafilomycin A1. Our findings suggest that modulation of Si306- and pro-Si306-induced autophagy can be used to enhance the anticancer effects of these Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors and overcome the drug-resistant phenotype in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Jovanović Stojanov
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Kostić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mila Ljujić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ema Lupšić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dinić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-112078406
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18
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Siboro PY, Nguyen VKT, Miao YB, Sharma AK, Mi FL, Chen HL, Chen KH, Yu YT, Chang Y, Sung HW. Ultrasound-Activated, Tumor-Specific In Situ Synthesis of a Chemotherapeutic Agent Using ZIF-8 Nanoreactors for Precision Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12403-12414. [PMID: 35920682 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The in situ transformation of low-toxicity precursors into a chemotherapeutic agent at a tumor site to enhance the efficacy of its treatment has long been an elusive goal. In this work, a zinc-based zeolitic imidazolate framework that incorporates pharmaceutically acceptable precursors is prepared as a nanoreactor (NR) system for the localized synthesis of an antitumor drug. The as-prepared NRs are administered intratumorally in a tumor-bearing mouse model and then irradiated with ultrasound (US) to activate the chemical synthesis. The US promotes the penetration of the administered NRs into the tumor tissue to cover the lesion entirely, although some NRs leak into the surrounding normal tissue. Nevertheless, only the tumor tissue, where the H2O2 concentration is high, is adequately exposed to the as-synthesized antitumor drug, which markedly impedes development of the tumor. No significant chemical synthesis is detected in the surrounding normal tissue, where the local H2O2 concentration is negligible and the US irradiation is not directly applied. The as-proposed tumor-specific in situ synthesis of therapeutic molecules induces hardly any significant in vivo toxicity and, thus, is potentially a potent biocompatible approach to precision chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putry Yosefa Siboro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Van Khanh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Yang-Bao Miao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Fwu-Long Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Yu-Tzu Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Yen Chang
- Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
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19
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Hassan RA, Hamed MI, Abdou AM, El-Dash Y. Novel antiproliferative agents bearing substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold as dual VEGFR-2 and BRAF kinases inhibitors and apoptosis inducers; design, synthesis and molecular docking. Bioorg Chem 2022; 125:105861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Ghobakhloo F, Azarifar D, Mohammadi M, Ghaemi M. γ‐Fe
2
O
3
@Cu
3
Al‐LDH/HEPES a novel heterogeneous amphoteric catalyst for synthesis of annulated pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ghobakhloo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Bu–Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
| | - Davood Azarifar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Bu–Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Ilam University Ilam P.O. Box 69315516 Iran
| | - Masoumeh Ghaemi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Bu–Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
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21
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One-Pot Synthesis of Benzopyrano-Pyrimidine Derivatives Catalyzed by P-Toluene Sulphonic Acid and Their Nematicidal and Molecular Docking Study. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A cost-effective and environmentally benign benzopyrano-pyrimidine derivative synthesis has been established with the condensation of different salicylaldehyde derivatives, piperidine/morpholine with malononitrile, in the presence of a catalyst containing p-toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA) at 80 °C temperature. This procedure offers a new and enriched approach for synthesizing benzopyrano-pyrimidine derivatives with high yields, a straightforward experimental method, and short reaction times. The synthesized compounds were investigated for their nematocidal activity, and the result shows that among the four compounds, compounds 4 and 5 showed strong nematocidal activity against egg hatching and J2s mortality. The nematocidal efficacy of the compounds might be due to the toxicity of chemicals which are soluble in ethanol. The nematocidal effectiveness was directly related to the concentration of ethanolic dilutions of the compounds, i.e., the maximum treatment concentration, the higher the nematocidal action, or the higher the mortality and egg hatching inhibition. In the present study, with support from docking analysis, the relation between chemical reactivity and nematocidal activity of compound 4 was inferred.
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Karati D, Mahadik KR, Trivedi P, Kumar D. A Molecular Insight into Pyrazole Congeners as Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Antimalarial Agents. Med Chem 2022; 18:1044-1059. [PMID: 35240964 DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220303150640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrazole is a bioactive heterocyclic congener found in a wide range of biological and pharmacological applications. Due to their multiple prospective uses, developing innovative pyrazoles and analogues, disclosing revolutionary ways for synthesizing this nucleus, investigating diverse potencies of that heterocycle, and seeking for possible applications of pyrazoles are all growing more significant Objectives: Pyrazole scaffolds have been proven to be successful as antimicrobial, anticancer, antimalarial therapeutic against multiple targets like DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, Hsp90, and several kinase enzymes. Its moiety has absorbed the attention of many scientists to research chemical and pharmacological profile due to this miscellany in the biotic region. RESULTS The review covers pyrazole scaffolds with a variety of biological functions, as well as attempts to connect the structure-activity relationship. Multiple pyrazole analogues have been produced as lead compounds, and their activities have been evaluated. CONCLUSION The combination of pyrazole with other pharmacophores in a molecule might lead to novel potent therapeutic medicines, which could aid in the development of potent lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Karati
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kakasaheb Ramoo Mahadik
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- Hon. Director, Center of Innovation and Translational Research, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bhartiya Vidyapeeth, Pune 411038, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
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Synthesis, antibacterial, antioxidant, and molecular docking studies of 6-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one and oxo-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Nassar IF, Abdel Aal MT, El-Sayed WA, A. E Shahin M, Elsakka EGE, Mokhtar MM, Hegazy M, Hagras M, Mandour AA, Ismail NSM. Discovery of pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[4,3- e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- c]pyrimidine derivatives as novel CDK2 inhibitors: synthesis, biological and molecular modeling investigations. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14865-14882. [PMID: 35702208 PMCID: PMC9112407 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01968j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK2 inhibition is an appealing target for cancer treatment that targets tumor cells in a selective manner. A new set of small molecules featuring the privileged pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine scaffolds (4–13) as well as the thioglycoside derivatives (14, 15) were designed, and synthesized as novel CDK2 targeting compounds. The growth of the three examined cell lines was significantly inhibited by most of the prepared compounds. Results revealed that most of the compounds showed superior cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 and HCT-116 with IC50 range (45–97 nM) and (6–99 nM), respectively, and moderate activity against HepG-2 with IC50 range of (48–90 nM) compared to sorafenib (IC50: 144, 176 and 19 nM, respectively). Of these compounds, 14 & 15 showed the best cytotoxic activities against the three cell lines with IC50 values of 45, 6, and 48 nM and 46, 7, and 48 nM against MCF-7, HCT-116 and HepG-2, respectively. Enzymatic inhibitory activity against CDK2/cyclin A2 was achieved for the most potent anti-proliferative compounds. Compounds 14, 13 and 15 revealed the most significant inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.057 ± 0.003, 0.081 ± 0.004 and 0.119 ± 0.007 μM, respectively compared to sorafenib (0.184 ± 0.01 μM). Compound 14 displayed potent dual activity against the examined cell lines and CDK2, and was thus selected for further investigations. It exerted a significance alteration in cell cycle progression, in addition to apoptosis induction within HCT cells. Molecular docking simulation of the designed compounds confirmed the good fit into the CDK2 active site through the essential hydrogen bonding with Leu83. In silico ADMET studies and drug-likeness studies using a Boiled Egg chart showed suitable pharmacokinetic properties which helped in structure requirement prediction for the observed antitumor activity. A new set of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine scaffolds (4–13) as well as the thioglycoside derivatives (14, 15) were designed, and synthesized as novel CDK2 targeting compounds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim F. Nassar
- Faculty of Specific Education, Ain Shams University (ASU), 365 Ramsis Street, Abassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Wael A. El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. E Shahin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G. E. Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Mokhtar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maghawry Hegazy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hagras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A. Mandour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Nasser S. M. Ismail
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Sthalam VK, Mahajan B, Karra PR, Singh AK, Pabbaraja S. Sulphonated graphene oxide catalyzed continuous flow synthesis of pyrazolo pyrimidinones, sildenafil and other PDE-5 inhibitors. RSC Adv 2021; 12:326-330. [PMID: 35424481 PMCID: PMC8978682 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulphonated graphene oxide was used for cascade condensation and cyclization reactions towards accessing substituted pyrazolo pyrimidinones. Further, sulphonation and amination reactions were integrated through continuous flow chemistry to access PDE-5 inhibitors. Herein, we report a simple continuous synthetic platform that reduce tedious manual operations and accelerate the synthesis of several potent inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type-5. The developed platform enabled us to perform one-flow multi-step, multi-operational process to synthesize the PDE-5 inhibitors such as sildenafil and its analogues in 32.3 min of the reaction time, with minimal human intervention and single solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Sthalam
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical TechnologyHyderabad500007India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) CampusGhaziabad 201002Uttar PradeshIndia
| | - Bhushan Mahajan
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical TechnologyHyderabad500007India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) CampusGhaziabad 201002Uttar PradeshIndia
| | - Purushotham Reddy Karra
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical TechnologyHyderabad500007India
| | - Ajay K. Singh
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical TechnologyHyderabad500007India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) CampusGhaziabad 201002Uttar PradeshIndia
| | - Srihari Pabbaraja
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical TechnologyHyderabad500007India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) CampusGhaziabad 201002Uttar PradeshIndia
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New Therapeutic Strategy for Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells with Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215308. [PMID: 34771471 PMCID: PMC8582576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter whose overexpression in cancer cells is one of the main causes of multidrug resistance (MDR). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been reported to interact with ABC transporters and in some cases, increase the susceptibility of cancer cells to chemotherapy. We investigated the potential of novel TKI pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidines and their prodrugs to inhibit P-gp in two MDR cancer cell lines with P-gp overexpression. The tested compounds were able to suppress P-gp by inhibiting its ATPase activity. Interestingly, prodrugs displayed a stronger potential to modulate P-gp and showed higher interaction energies in the docking simulations compared to their parent drugs. Furthermore, prodrugs showed significant potential to inhibit P-gp activity even in prolonged treatment and therefore to enhance the efficacy of doxorubicin and paclitaxel in MDR cancer cells. All of these characteristics imply that the new TKIs could be considered a valuable strategy for combating resistant cancers, especially in combination with other chemotherapeutics. Abstract Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) often interact with the multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype of cancer cells. In some cases, TKIs increase the susceptibility of MDR cancer cells to chemotherapy. As the overexpression of membrane transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is the most common alteration in MDR cancer cells, we investigated the effects of TKI pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines on P-gp inhibition in two cellular models comprising sensitive and corresponding MDR cancer cells (human non-small cell lung carcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma). Tested TKIs showed collateral sensitivity by inducing stronger inhibition of MDR cancer cell line viability. Moreover, TKIs directly interacted with P-gp and inhibited its ATPase activity. Their potential P-gp binding site was proposed by molecular docking simulations. TKIs reversed resistance to doxorubicin and paclitaxel in a concentration-dependent manner. The expression studies excluded the indirect effect of TKIs on P-gp through regulation of its expression. A kinetics study showed that TKIs decreased P-gp activity and this effect was sustained for seven days in both MDR models. Therefore, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines with potential for reversing P-gp-mediated MDR even in prolonged treatments can be considered a new therapeutic strategy for overcoming cancer MDR.
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Nayebzadeh B, Amiri K, Khosravi H, Mirzaei S, Rominger F, Dar'in D, Krasavin M, Bijanzadeh HR, Balalaie S. Synthesis of Spiro[chromene-imidazo[1,2- a]pyridin]-3'-imines via 6- exo-dig Cyclization Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13693-13701. [PMID: 34529434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free postmodification of the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé (GBB) reaction for the synthesis of spiro[chromene-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin]-3'-imine was discovered. The unusual transformation represents the first example of activation and the reaction of the imidazole carbon atom. In this postcondensational modification, KOt-Bu acts as a base, which, after the isomerization of an alkyne moiety to allene, causes the next unique nucleophilic reaction of the imidazole carbon atom that results in spirocyclic structures. The proposed reaction mechanism was confirmed based on the DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Nayebzadeh
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran 19697, Iran
| | - Kamran Amiri
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran 19697, Iran
| | - Hormoz Khosravi
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran 19697, Iran
| | - Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Hamid Reza Bijanzadeh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 19697, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran 19697, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah, Kermanshah 67155, Iran
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Xia Z, Huang R, Zhou X, Chai Y, Chen H, Ma L, Yu Q, Li Y, Li W, He Y. The synthesis and bioactivity of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as tyrosine kinase inhibitors for NSCLC cells with EGFR mutations. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113711. [PMID: 34315040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
EGFR mutations are an ongoing challenge in the treatment of NSCLC, and demand continuous updating of EGFR TKI drug candidates. Pyrrolopyrimidines are one group of versatile scaffolds suitable for tailored drug development. However not many precedents of this type of pharmacophore have been investigated in the realm of third generation of covalent EGFR-TKIs. Herein, a series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives able to block mutant EGFR activity in a covalent manner were synthesized, through optimized Buchwald-Hartwig C-N cross coupling reactions. Their preliminary bioactivity and corresponding inhibitory mechanistic pathways were investigated at molecular and cellular levels. Several compounds exhibited increased biological activity and enhanced selectivity compared to the control compound. Notably, compound 12i selectively inhibits HCC827 cells harboring the EGFR activating mutation with up to 493-fold increased efficacy compared to in normal HBE cells. Augmented selectivity was also confirmed by kinase enzymatic assay, with the test compound selectively inhibiting the T790 M activating mutant EGFRs (IC50 values of 0.21 nM) with up to 104-fold potency compared to the wild-type EGFR (IC50 values of 22 nM). Theoretical simulations provide structural evidence of selective kinase inhibitory activity. Thus, this series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives could serve as a starting point for the development of new EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610093, PR China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, PR China
| | - Ridong Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610093, PR China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, PR China
| | - Xinglong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610093, PR China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, PR China
| | - Yingying Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610093, PR China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, PR China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610093, PR China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, PR China
| | - Lingling Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610093, PR China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, PR China
| | - Quanwei Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610093, PR China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610093, PR China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, PR China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610093, PR China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, PR China.
| | - Yang He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610093, PR China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, PR China.
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Thio-substituted derivatives of 4-amino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-thiol as antiproliferative agents. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1515-1530. [PMID: 34251285 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to identify new compounds as potential antiproliferative drug candidates. Synthesis of heteroaromatic bicyclic and monocyclic derivatives as purine bioisosters was employed. Their antiproliferative activity was studied against U937 cancer cells. The most effective compounds were evaluated for their selectivity against cancer cells, the possible mechanism of cell death, and their interference with DNA replication. Among the synthesized compounds, only three (4b, 4j and 4l) demonstrated a value of IC50 less than 20 μM. However, two of them (4b and 4l) were specific against cancer cells, with 4l presenting high selectivity. The presence of substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine core is as essential for this activity as the presence of substituents at the thiol function in 6-position.
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Filho EV, Pinheiro EM, Pinheiro S, Greco SJ. Aminopyrimidines: Recent synthetic procedures and anticancer activities. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kostić A, Jovanović Stojanov S, Podolski-Renić A, Nešović M, Dragoj M, Nikolić I, Tasić G, Schenone S, Pešić M, Dinić J. Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Induce Oxidative Stress in Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cells. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070884. [PMID: 34209342 PMCID: PMC8301827 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) highly expresses Src tyrosine kinase involved in survival, proliferation, angiogenesis and invasiveness of tumor cells. Src activation also reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, whereas Src inhibitors are able to increase cellular ROS levels. Methods: Pro-oxidative effects of two pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives—Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Si306 and its prodrug pro-Si306—were investigated in human GBM cells U87 and patient-derived GBM-6. ROS production and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 2 (SOD2) were studied by Western blot. DNA damage, cell death induction and senescence were also examined in GBM-6 cells. Results: Si306 and pro-Si306 more prominently triggered ROS production and expression of antioxidant enzymes in primary GBM cells. These effects were followed by mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, double-strand DNA breaks and senescence that eventually led to necrosis. Conclusion: Src kinase inhibitors, Si306 and pro-Si306, showed significant pro-oxidative potential in patient-derived GBM cells. This feature contributes to the already demonstrated anti-glioblastoma properties of these compounds in vitro and in vivo and encourages clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kostić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Sofija Jovanović Stojanov
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Marija Nešović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Miodrag Dragoj
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Igor Nikolić
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.N.); (G.T.)
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Doktora Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Tasić
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.N.); (G.T.)
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Doktora Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Jelena Dinić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2078-406
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Gao Q, Sun Z, Xia Q, Li R, Wang W, Ma S, Chai Y, Wu M, Hu W, Ábrányi-Balogh P, Keserű GM, Han X. Vinylation of α-Aminoazoles with Triethylamine: A General Strategy to Construct Azolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines with a Nonsubstituted Ethylidene Fragment. Org Lett 2021; 23:2664-2669. [PMID: 33733786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A new general synthesis of pharmaceutically important azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines starting from widely available 3(5)-aminoazoles, aldehydes, and triethylamine is developed. The key is to enable the vinylation reaction that allows the in situ generation of elusive acyclic enamines and the subsequent annulation reaction to occur. This direct and practical strategy is capable of constructing a range of 5,6-unsubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. More importantly, this protocol provides a concise synthetic route to prepare the clinically used zaleplon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Qinfei Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Manman Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
| | - Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - György M Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Xinya Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
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Abu‐Hashem AA. Synthesis of new pyrazoles, oxadiazoles, triazoles, pyrrolotriazines, and pyrrolotriazepines as potential cytotoxic agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameen Ali Abu‐Hashem
- Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic Unit), Organic Chemistry National Research Centre Giza Egypt
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia
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Lee HJ, Pham PC, Pei H, Lim B, Hyun SY, Baek B, Kim B, Kim Y, Kim MH, Kang NW, Min HY, Kim DD, Lee J, Lee HY. Development of the phenylpyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine-based, insulin-like growth factor receptor/Src/AXL-targeting small molecule kinase inhibitor. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1918-1936. [PMID: 33408789 PMCID: PMC7778606 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) signaling pathway plays key roles in the development and progression of numerous types of human cancers, and Src and AXL have been found to confer resistance to anti-IGF-1R therapies. Hence, co-targeting Src and AXL may be an effective strategy to overcome resistance to anti-IGF-1R therapies. However, pharmacologic targeting of these three kinases may result in enhanced toxicity. Therefore, the development of novel multitarget anticancer drugs that block IGF-1R, Src, and AXL is urgently needed. Methods: We synthesized a series of phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP)-based compounds, wherein the PP module was conjugated with 2,4-bis-arylamino-1,3-pyrimidines (I2) via a copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction. To develop IGF-1R/Src/AXL-targeting small molecule kinase inhibitors, we selected LL6 as an active compound and evaluated its antitumor and antimetastatic effects in vitro and in vivo using the MTT assay, colony formation assays, migration assay, flow cytometric analysis, a tumor xenograft model, the KrasG12D/+-driven spontaneous lung tumorigenesis model, and a spontaneous metastasis model using Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) allografts. We also determined the toxicity of LL6 in vitro and in vivo. Results: LL6 induced apoptosis and suppressed viability and colony-forming capacities of various non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and their sublines with drug resistance. LL6 also suppressed the migration of NSCLC cells at nontoxic doses. Administration of LL6 in mice significantly suppressed the growth of NSCLC xenograft tumors and metastasis of LLC allograft tumors with outstanding toxicity profiles. Furthermore, the multiplicity, volume, and load of lung tumors in KrasG12D/+ transgenic mice were substantially reduced by the LL6 treatment. Conclusions: Our results show the potential of LL6 as a novel IGF-1R/Src/AXL-targeting small molecule kinase inhibitor, providing a new avenue for anticancer therapies.
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C. Malakar C, Singh V, Devi N, Gupta A, Gujjarappa R. Synthesis of Pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolines and the C-C Bond Cleavage during Reductive Cyclization. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Positioning of an unprecedented spiro[5.5]undeca ring system into kinase inhibitor space. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21265. [PMID: 33277542 PMCID: PMC7719162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In-house 1,5-oxaza spiroquinone 1, with spiro[5.5]undeca ring system, was announced as an unprecedented anti-inflammatory scaffold through chemistry-oriented synthesis (ChOS), a chemocentric approach. Herein, we studied how to best position the spiro[5.5]undeca ring system in kinase inhibitor space. Notably, late-stage modification of the scaffold 1 into compounds 2a-r enhanced kinase-likeness of the scaffold 1. The improvement could be depicted with (1) selectivity with target shift (from JNK-1 into GSK-3) and (2) potency (> 20-fold). In addition, ATP independent IC50 of compound 2j suggested a unique binding mode of this scaffold between ATP site and substrate site, which was explained by docking based optimal site selection and molecular dynamic simulations of the optimal binding site. Despite the shift of kinase profiling, the anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 2a-r could be retained in hyperactivated microglial cells.
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Mondal R, Lozada IB, Stotska O, Herbert DE. Catalytic Synthesis of Luminescent Pyrimidines via Acceptor-less Dehydrogenative Coupling. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13747-13756. [PMID: 33095015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A simple catalytic synthesis of luminescent pyrimidines from benzamidines and alcohols is reported. These one-pot, acceptor-less dehydrogenative coupling reactions are catalyzed by a ruthenium hydrido chloride complex (1), supported by a chelating P^N ligand (L1) bearing a benzannulated phenanthridine donor arm. The pyrimidines thus produced are emissive in solution, with photoluminescence quantum yields reaching 72%. Details of the catalytic synthesis and characterization of the pyrimidines in both solution and the solid state are reported, along with computational modeling of the emissive excited states of representative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Issiah B Lozada
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Olha Stotska
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - David E Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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Sharma S, Singh V. Exploration of pyrazole based
aldo‐x
bifunctional building blocks for the synthesis of pyrazole annulated molecular architectures. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar India
| | - Virender Singh
- Department of Chemistry Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar India
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Punjab Bathinda India
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Baillache DJ, Unciti-Broceta A. Recent developments in anticancer kinase inhibitors based on the pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1112-1135. [PMID: 33479617 PMCID: PMC7652001 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines have become of significant interest for the medicinal chemistry community as a privileged scaffold for the development of kinase inhibitors to treat a range of diseases, including cancer. This fused nitrogen-containing heterocycle is an isostere of the adenine ring of ATP, allowing the molecules to mimic hinge region binding interactions in kinase active sites. Similarities in kinase ATP sites can be exploited to direct the activity and selectivity of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines to multiple oncogenic targets through focussed chemical modification. As a result, pharma and academic efforts have succeeded in progressing several pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines to clinical trials, including the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib, which has been approved for the treatment of several B-cell cancers. In this review, we examine the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines currently in clinical trials for oncology patients, as well as those published in the literature during the last 5 years for different anticancer indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Baillache
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh EH4 2XR , UK .
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh EH4 2XR , UK .
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Aegurla B, Jarwal N, Peddinti RK. Denitrative imino-diaza-Nazarov cyclization: synthesis of pyrazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6100-6107. [PMID: 32785358 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An iodine-catalyzed denitrative imino-diaza-Nazarov cyclization (DIDAN) methodology has been developed for the synthesis of pyrazoles with high to excellent yields by using α-nitroacetophenone derivatives and in situ generated hydrazones. The key transformation of this oxidative 4π-electrocyclization proceeds through an enamine-iminium ion intermediate. This rapid one-pot DIDAN protocol results in the selective generation of C-C and C-N bonds and cleavage of a C-N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishna Aegurla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Nisha Jarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Rama Krishna Peddinti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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Hu X, Ma X, Cui J, Liu H, Zhu B, Xie J, Liang P, Zhang L. Identification of 1-phenyl-4-cyano-5-aminopyrazoles as novel ecdysone receptor ligands by virtual screening, structural optimization, and biological evaluations. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 97:184-195. [PMID: 32767850 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ecdysteroids initiate the molting process in insects by binding to the ecdysone receptor (EcR), which is a promising target for identifying insect growth regulators. This paper presents an in silico/in vitro screening procedure for identifying new EcR ligands. The three-step virtual screening procedure uses a three-dimensional pharmacophore model, docking and Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) rescoring routine. A novel hit (VS14) with good binding activity against Plutella xylostella EcR was identified from a library of over 200,000 chemicals. Subsequently, the 1-phenyl-4-cyano-5-aminopyrazole scaffold and twelve EcR ligands were synthesized. Their IC50 values against Plutella xylostella EcR ranged from 0.64 to 23.21 μm. Furthermore, a preliminary analysis of the structure-activity relationship for novel scaffolds provided a basis for designing new ligands with improved activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Cui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haishan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Xian L, Ma C, Ouyang Y, Di J, Zhang Z. Synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives via multicomponent reaction catalyzed by ferric chloride. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xian
- Department of Radiochemistry China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Cui‐Ting Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China
| | - Ying‐Gen Ouyang
- Department of Radiochemistry China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Jia‐Qi Di
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China
| | - Zhan‐Hui Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China
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Lee JA, Kim HR, Son HJ, Shin N, Han SH, Cheong CS, Kim DJ, Hwang O. A novel pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine, KKC080106, activates the Nrf2 pathway and protects nigral dopaminergic neurons. Exp Neurol 2020; 332:113387. [PMID: 32580013 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is known to induce neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and is considered to be an excellent molecular target for drugs related to neurodegenerative disease therapy. Nrf2 activators previously tested in clinical trials were electrophilic, causing adverse effects due to non-selective and covalent modification of cellular thiols. In order to circumvent this issue, we constructed and screened a chemical library consisting of 241 pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine derivatives and discovered a novel, non-electrophilic compound: 1-benzyl-6-(methylthio)-N-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-amine (KKC080106). KKC080106 was able to activate Nrf2 signaling as it increases the cellular levels of Nrf2, binds to the Nrf2 inhibitor protein Keap1, and causes the accumulation of nuclear Nrf2. We also observed an increase in the expression levels of Nrf2-dependent genes for antioxidative/neuroprotective enzymes in dopaminergic neuronal cells. In addition, in lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia, KKC080106 suppressed the generation of the proinflammatory markers, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide, and inhibited the phosphorylation of kinases known to be involved in inflammatory signaling, such as IκB kinase, p38, JNK, and ERK. As a drug, KKC080106 exhibited excellent stability against plasma enzymes and a good safety profile, evidenced by no mortality after the administration of 2000 mg/kg body weight, and minimal inhibition of the hERG channel activity. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that KKC080106 has good bioavailability and enters the brain after oral and intravenous administration, in both rats and mice. In MPTP-treated mice that received KKC080106 orally, the compound blocked microglial activation, protected the nigral dopaminergic neurons from degeneration, and prevented development of the dopamine deficiency-related motor deficits. These results suggest that KKC080106 has therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Ri Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nari Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan Seong Cheong
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Jin Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Onyou Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Src Inhibitors Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, Si306 and Pro-Si306, Inhibit Focal Adhesion Kinase and Suppress Human Glioblastoma Invasion In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061570. [PMID: 32545852 PMCID: PMC7352231 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), as the most aggressive brain tumor, displays a high expression of Src tyrosine kinase, which is involved in the survival, migration, and invasiveness of tumor cells. Thus, Src emerged as a potential target for GBM therapy. The effects of Src inhibitors pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, Si306 and its prodrug pro-Si306 were investigated in human GBM cell lines (U87 and U87-TxR) and three primary GBM cell cultures. Primary GBM cells were more resistant to Si306 and pro-Si306 according to the 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. However, the ability of all GBM cells to degrade the extracellular matrix was considerably compromised after Si306 and pro-Si306 applications. Besides reducing the phosphorylation of Src and its downstream signaling pathway components, both compounds decreased the phosphorylated form of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, showing the potential to suppress the aggressiveness of GBM. In vivo, Si306 and pro-Si306 displayed an anti-invasive effect against U87 xenografts in the zebrafish embryo model. Considering that Si306 and pro-Si306 are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and suppress the spread of GBM cells, we anticipate their clinical testing in the near future. Moreover, the prodrug showed similar efficacy to the drug, implying the rationality of its use in clinical settings.
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Torrisi F, Minafra L, Cammarata FP, Savoca G, Calvaruso M, Vicario N, Maccari L, Pérès EA, Özçelik H, Bernaudin M, Botta L, Russo G, Parenti R, Valable S. SRC Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor and X-rays Combined Effect on Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113917. [PMID: 32486205 PMCID: PMC7312922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal types of tumor due to its high recurrence level in spite of aggressive treatment regimens involving surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Hypoxia is a feature of GBM, involved in radioresistance, and is known to be at the origin of treatment failure. The aim of this work was to assess the therapeutic potential of a new targeted c-SRC inhibitor molecule, named Si306, in combination with X-rays on the human glioblastoma cell lines, comparing normoxia and hypoxia conditions. For this purpose, the dose modifying factor and oxygen enhancement ratio were calculated to evaluate the Si306 radiosensitizing effect. DNA damage and the repair capability were also studied from the kinetic of γ-H2AX immunodetection. Furthermore, motility processes being supposed to be triggered by hypoxia and irradiation, the role of c-SRC inhibition was also analyzed to evaluate the migration blockage by wound healing assay. Our results showed that inhibition of the c-SRC protein enhances the radiotherapy efficacy both in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. These data open new opportunities for GBM treatment combining radiotherapy with molecularly targeted drugs to overcome radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Torrisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.)
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Luigi Minafra
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Francesco P. Cammarata
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Gaetano Savoca
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Marco Calvaruso
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.)
| | - Laura Maccari
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l. (LDS), via Vittorio Alfieri, 31, Castelnuovo Berardenga, 53019 Siena, Italy; (L.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Elodie A. Pérès
- UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Normandie University, 14074 Caen, France; (E.A.P.); (H.Ö.); (M.B.); (S.V.)
| | - Hayriye Özçelik
- UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Normandie University, 14074 Caen, France; (E.A.P.); (H.Ö.); (M.B.); (S.V.)
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Normandie University, 14074 Caen, France; (E.A.P.); (H.Ö.); (M.B.); (S.V.)
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l. (LDS), via Vittorio Alfieri, 31, Castelnuovo Berardenga, 53019 Siena, Italy; (L.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Giorgio Russo
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.)
- Correspondence: (F.P.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Samuel Valable
- UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Normandie University, 14074 Caen, France; (E.A.P.); (H.Ö.); (M.B.); (S.V.)
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Kucukkaraduman B, Turk C, Fallacara AL, Isbilen M, Senses KM, Ayyildiz ZO, Akbar MW, Lotem M, Botta M, Gure AO. Predictive Gene Signature for Pyrazolopyrimidine Derivative c-Src Inhibitor 10a Sensitivity in Melanoma Cells. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:928-932. [PMID: 32435407 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Although more than 80% of melanomas harbor an activating mutation in genes within the MAPK pathway, which are mutually exclusive, usefulness of therapies targeting MAPK pathway are impeded by innate and/or acquired resistance in most patients. In this study, using melanoma cells, we report the efficacy of a recently developed pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derived c-Src inhibitor 10a and identify a molecular signature which is predictive of 10a chemosensitivity. We show that the expression of TMED7, PLOD2, XRCC5, and NSUN5 are candidate biomarkers for 10a sensitivity. Although an undifferentiated/mesenchymal/invasive status of melanoma cells is associated with resistance to 10a, we show here for the first time that melanoma cells can be sensitized to 10a via treatment with valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Kucukkaraduman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Can Turk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Anna L. Fallacara
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, “Department of Excellence 2018-2022”, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Murat Isbilen
- DNAFect Genetics Consulting R&D and Biotechnology Inc., Kocaeli 41470, Turkey
| | - Kerem M. Senses
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67100, Turkey
| | - Zeynep O. Ayyildiz
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Muhammad W. Akbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Michal Lotem
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem Campus, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, “Department of Excellence 2018-2022”, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Ali O. Gure
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Chhikara BS, Ashraf S, Mozaffari S, St. Jeans N, Mandal D, Tiwari RK, Ul-Haq Z, Parang K. Phenylpyrazalopyrimidines as Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity, and Molecular Simulations. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092135. [PMID: 32370213 PMCID: PMC7249037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N1-(α,β-Alkene)-substituted phenylpyrazolopyrimidine derivatives with acetyl and functionalized phenyl groups at α- and β-positions, respectively, were synthesized by the reaction of 3-phenylpyrazolopyrimidine (PhPP) with bromoacetone, followed by a chalcone reaction with differently substituted aromatic aldehydes. The Src kinase enzyme assay revealed modest inhibitory activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 21.7–192.1 µM) by a number of PhPP derivatives. Antiproliferative activity of the compounds was evaluated on human leukemia (CCRF-CEM), human ovarian adenocarcinoma (SK-OV-3), breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231), and colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells in vitro. 4-Chlorophenyl carbo-enyl substituted 3-phenylpyrazolopyrimidine (10) inhibited the cell proliferation of HT-29 and SK-OV-3 by 90% and 79%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 µM after 96 h incubation. The compound showed modest inhibitory activity against c-Src (IC50 = 60.4 µM), Btk (IC50 = 90.5 µM), and Lck (IC50 = 110 µM), while it showed no activity against Abl1, Akt1, Alk, Braf, Cdk2, and PKCa. In combination with target selection and kinase profiling assay, extensive theoretical studies were carried out to explore the selectivity behavior of compound 10. Specific interactions were also explored by examining the changing trends of interactions of tyrosine kinases with the phenylpyrazolopyrimidine derivative. The results showed good agreement with the experimental selectivity pattern among c-Src, Btk, and Lck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupender S. Chhikara
- Department of Chemistry, Aditi Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, Bawana, Delhi 110039, India;
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (N.S.J.); (D.M.); (R.K.T.)
| | - Sajda Ashraf
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi 75210, Pakistan;
| | - Saghar Mozaffari
- Center For Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, California, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
| | - Nicole St. Jeans
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (N.S.J.); (D.M.); (R.K.T.)
| | - Dindyal Mandal
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (N.S.J.); (D.M.); (R.K.T.)
- Center For Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, California, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (N.S.J.); (D.M.); (R.K.T.)
- Center For Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, California, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi 75210, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (Z.U.-H.); (K.P.); Tel.: +92-321-9255-322 (Z.U.-H.); +1-714-516-5489 (K.P.); Fax: +92-21-99261713 (Z.U.-H.); +1-714-516-5481 (K.P.)
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (N.S.J.); (D.M.); (R.K.T.)
- Center For Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, California, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
- Correspondence: (Z.U.-H.); (K.P.); Tel.: +92-321-9255-322 (Z.U.-H.); +1-714-516-5489 (K.P.); Fax: +92-21-99261713 (Z.U.-H.); +1-714-516-5481 (K.P.)
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Manda S, Lee NK, Oh DC, Lee J. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) for the Dual Degradation of IGF-1R and Src. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081948. [PMID: 32340152 PMCID: PMC7221895 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A focused PROTAC library was developed to degrade both IGF-1R and Src proteins, which are associated with various cancers. PROTACs with IGF-1R and Src degradation potentials were synthesized by tethering different inhibitor warhead units and the E3 ligase (CRBN) recruiting-pomalidomide with various linkers. The designed PROTACs 12a-b inhibited the proliferation and migration of MCF7 and A549 cancer cells with low micromolar potency (1-5 μM) in various cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Manda
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.M.); (N.K.L.)
| | - Na Keum Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.M.); (N.K.L.)
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.M.); (N.K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-880-2471
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Rao RN, Chanda K. An assessment study of known pyrazolopyrimidines: Chemical methodology and cellular activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103801. [PMID: 32278206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen atom play a key role in the normal life cycle of a cell. Pyrazolopyrimidine is a privileged class of nitrogen containing fused heterocyclic compound contributing to a major portion of all lead molecules in medicinal chemistry. The thumbprint of pyrazolopyrimidine as a pharmacophore is always noticeable due to its analogy with the adenine base in DNA. Pyrazolopyrimidines are divided into five types [I, II, III, IV, V] based on the mechanism of action on the specific target conferring a wide scope of research which has accelerated the interest of researchers to investigate its biological profile. In 1956, the anti-cancer activity of pyrazolopyrimidine was evaluated for the first time with appreciable results. Since then, medicinal chemists centered their work on various methods of synthesis and evaluating the biological profile of pyrazolopyrimidine isomers. This report consists of novel methodologies followed to synthesize pyrazolopyrimidine isomers along with a note on their biological significance. To the best of our knowledge, this review article will be first of its kind to encompass different synthetic procedures along with anti-cancer, kinase inhibition, phosphodiesterase inhibition and receptor blocking activity of pyrazolopyrimidine moieties. IC50 values of potent compounds are added wherever necessary to understand the suitability of pyrazolopyrimidine skeletons for a specific biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nishanth Rao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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50
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Kassab AE, El‐Dash Y, Gedawy EM. Novel pyrazolopyrimidine urea derivatives: Synthesis, antiproliferative activity, VEGFR‐2 inhibition, and effects on the cell cycle profile. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e1900319. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa E. Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyCairo UniversityCairo Egypt
| | - Yara El‐Dash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyCairo UniversityCairo Egypt
| | - Ehab M. Gedawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyCairo UniversityCairo Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical IndustriesBadr University in Cairo (BUC)Cairo Egypt
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