1
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Shi T, Hu W. Asymmetric Carbene Transfer: Enhancing Chemical Diversity for Drug Discovery. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400971. [PMID: 38735847 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The quest to explore chemical space is vital for identifying novel disease targets, impacting both the effectiveness and safety profile of therapeutic agents. The tangible chemical space, currently estimated at a conservative 108 synthesized compounds, pales in comparison to the theoretically conceivable diversity of 1060 molecules. To bridge this vast gap, organic chemists are spearheading innovative methodologies that promise to broaden this limited chemical diversity. A beacon of this progressive wave is Asymmetric Carbene Transfer (ACT), a burgeoning strategy that significantly boosts molecular diversity with efficient bond-formation and precise chiral control. This review focuses on the capabilities of ACT in creating pharmaceutically significant molecules, encompassing an array of natural products and bioactive compounds. Through the lens of ACT, we discern its substantial influence on drug discovery, paving the way for novel therapeutic avenues by expanding the boundaries of molecular diversity. This review will shed light on prospective methodological developments of ACT and articulate their conceivable contributions to the medicinal chemistry arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoda Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510006
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education", Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education", Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
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2
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Gao ZX, Wang H, Su AH, Li QY, Liang Z, Zhang YQ, Liu XY, Zhu MZ, Zhang HX, Hou YT, Li X, Sun LR, Li J, Xu ZJ, Lou HX. Asymmetric Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Platensilin, Platensimycin, Platencin, and Their Analogs via a Bioinspired Skeletal Reconstruction Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18967-18978. [PMID: 38973592 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Platensilin, platensimycin, and platencin are potent inhibitors of β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (FabF) in the bacterial and mammalian fatty acid synthesis system, presenting promising drug leads for both antibacterial and antidiabetic therapies. Herein, a bioinspired skeleton reconstruction approach is reported, which enables the unified synthesis of these three natural FabF inhibitors and their skeletally diverse analogs, all stemming from a common ent-pimarane core. The synthesis features a diastereoselective biocatalytic reduction and an intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction to prepare the common ent-pimarane core. From this intermediate, stereoselective Mn-catalyzed hydrogen atom-transfer hydrogenation and subsequent Cu-catalyzed carbenoid C-H insertion afford platensilin. Furthermore, the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction succeeded by regioselective ring opening of the newly formed cyclopropane enables the construction of the bicyclo[3.2.1]-octane and bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane ring systems of platensimycin and platencin, respectively. This skeletal reconstruction approach of the ent-pimarane core facilitates the preparation of analogs bearing different polycyclic scaffolds. Among these analogs, the previously unexplored cyclopropyl analog 47 exhibits improved antibacterial activity (MIC80 = 0.0625 μg/mL) against S. aureus compared to platensimycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Xu Gao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Rd, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Hong Su
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Ying Li
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Qing Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Yuan Liu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Tong Hou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Rd, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Long-Ru Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 429, Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai 200213, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Jun Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
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3
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Ma J, Liu XS, Huang X, Si ZY, Liu L. Modular Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Vinyl Sulfides via One-Pot Sequential Carbene Transfer Reaction from Thiols with α-Diazo Carbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39018117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
We present a one-pot reaction that offers an efficient approach to synthesizing tetrasubstituted vinyl sulfides with high stereoselectivity. This method involves the sequential Wolff rearrangement, ylide formation, and [1,4]-aryl transfer by utilizing aryl and alkyl thiols and α-diazo carbonyl compounds as substrates. Notably, this reaction features commercially available materials, straightforward operation, atom economy, and broad substrate scope. Moreover, the primary photophysical properties (aggregation-induced emission effect) of the products were also investigated, which might be useful in functional materials via structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Ma
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xun-Shen Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhi-Yao Si
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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4
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Empel C, Fetzer MNA, Sasmal S, Strothmann T, Janiak C, Koenigs RM. Unlocking catalytic potential: a rhodium(II)-based coordination polymer for efficient carbene transfer reactions with donor/acceptor diazoalkanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7327-7330. [PMID: 38913109 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01386g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the use of a molecular-defined rhodium(II) coordination polymer (Rh-CP) as a heterogeneous, recyclable catalyst in carbene transfer reactions. We showcase the application of this heterogeneous catalyst in a range of carbene transfer reactions and conclude with the functionalization of natural products and drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Empel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Marcus N A Fetzer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Suman Sasmal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Till Strothmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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5
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Zhang Y, Mi YH, Wang K, Zhao HW. α-Carbonyl Rh-Carbenoid Initiated Cascade Assembly of Diazobarbiturates with Alkylidene Pyrazolones for Synthesis of Spirofuropyrimidines. Molecules 2024; 29:3178. [PMID: 38999130 PMCID: PMC11243257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalyzed by Rh2(esp)2 (10 mol%) and (±)-BINAP (20 mol%) in DCE at 80 °C, the cascade assembly between diazobarbiturates and alkylidene pyrazolones proceeded readily and produced spiro-furopyrimidines in 38-96% chemical yields. The chemical structure of the prepared spirofuro-pyrimidines was firmly confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong-Wu Zhao
- College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-H.M.); (K.W.)
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6
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Cheng Z, Xu H, Hu Z, Zhu M, Houk KN, Xue XS, Jiao N. Carbene-Assisted Arene Ring-Opening. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16963-16970. [PMID: 38691630 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite the significant achievements in dearomatization and C-H functionalization of arenes, the arene ring-opening remains a largely unmet challenge and is underdeveloped due to the high bond dissociation energy and strong resonance stabilization energy inherent in aromatic compounds. Herein, we demonstrate a novel carbene assisted strategy for arene ring-opening. The understanding of the mechanism by our DFT calculations will stimulate wide application of bulk arene chemicals for the synthesis of value-added polyconjugated chain molecules. Various aryl azide derivatives now can be directly converted into valuable polyconjugated enynes, avoiding traditional synthesis including multistep unsaturated precursors, poor selectivity control, and subsequent transition-metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The simple conditions required were demonstrated in the late-stage modification of complex molecules and fused ring compounds. This chemistry expands the horizons of carbene chemistry and provides a novel pathway for arene ring-opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California─Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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7
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Kandanarachchi P, Meyer GA, Musolino SF, Wulff JE, Rhodes LF. Crosslinking Vinyl-Addition Polynorbornenes via Difunctional Diazirines to Generate Low Dielectric-Constant and Low Dielectric-Loss Thermosets. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400200. [PMID: 38875712 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Thermosets having low dielectric constant (Dk < 3) and low dielectric dissipation factor (Df < 0.003), high glass transition temperature (Tg > 150 °C), and good adhesion to copper are desirable for the low loss layers of the copper clad laminates (CCL) in next generation printed circuit boards. Three different difunctional diazirines are evaluated for both thermal and photochemical crosslinking of a high Tg vinyl-addition polynorbornene resin: poly(5-hexyl-1-norbornene) (poly(HNB)). The substrate polymer, crosslinked by the carbenes generated from the activated diazirines, forms thermosets with Dk < 2.3 and Df < 0.001 at 10 GHz depending on the identity of the diazirine and the loading. The Dk and Df values for one composition are stable for 1600 h at 125 °C in air and for 1400 h at 85 °C and 85% relative humidity, suggesting good long-term reliability of this thermoset. Adhesion of poly(HNB) to copper can be enhanced by priming the copper surface with a diazirine prior to high temperature lamination; peel strength values of greater than 7.5 N cm-1 are achieved. Negative-tone photopatterning of poly(HNB) with diazirines upon exposure to 365 nm light is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeremy E Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Larry F Rhodes
- Promerus, LLC, 225 W. Bartges Street, Akron, OH, 44307, USA
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8
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He F, Sun Z, Xu Y, Yu J, Li W, Miao H, Wu C. Photoinduced [3+2] Cycloaddition of Alkyl-Acceptor Diazoalkanes: Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Pyrazolines Containing a Quaternary Center. Org Lett 2024; 26:4031-4036. [PMID: 38277125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
We present a new [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between alkyl-acceptor diazoalkanes under visible light irradiation. By employing easily accessible alkyl-acceptor-type diazoalkanes or their precursor hydrazones as both 1,3-dipoles and dipolarophiles, a diverse range of pyrazoline derivatives featuring a quaternary center have been efficiently synthesized in a predictable manner, with excellent functional group tolerance and good yields. Furthermore, scale-up experiments and downstream transformations of the product were also detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengya He
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Ziyi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Yiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Jingwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Wenyong Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
| | - Hui Miao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
| | - Chenggui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
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9
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Galla MS, Kale NB, Kumawat A, Bora D, Shankaraiah N. Rh(III)-catalysed C-H annulation of cis-stilbene acids with 2-diazo-1,3-diketones: facile access to 6,7-dihydrobenzofuran-4(5 H)-one and α-pyrone scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3933-3939. [PMID: 38666426 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
An efficient Rh(III)-catalysed C-H functionalization, tandem annulation of cis-stilbene acids using 2-diazo-1,3-diketones was devised. This protocol solely afforded 6,7-dihydrobenzofuran-4(5H)-ones using alicyclic diazocarbonyls via decarbonylation and α-pyrones with aliphatic diazo compounds. The chameleonic nature of cis-stilbene acid was observed with various diazo compounds by altering the additives. This synthetic method furnished good atom-economy and wide functional group tolerance, and also explained the use of carboxylic acids as a directing group. In addition, a mechanistic investigation of the catalysed reaction using ESI-MS, and the fluorescence properties of α-pyrones were well explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sravani Galla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Nandini B Kale
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Akshay Kumawat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Darshana Bora
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
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10
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He Q, Zhang Q, Rolka AB, Suero MG. Alkoxy Diazomethylation of Alkenes by Photoredox-Catalyzed Oxidative Radical-Polar Crossover. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12294-12299. [PMID: 38663863 PMCID: PMC11082901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present the discovery and development of the first photoredox-catalyzed alkoxy diazomethylation of alkenes with hypervalent iodine reagents and alcohols. This multicomponent process represents a new disconnection approach to diazo compounds and is featured by a broad scope, mild reaction conditions, and excellent selectivity. Key to the process was the generation of diazomethyl radicals, which engaged alkenes and alcohols in an inter- and intramolecular fashion by a photoredox-catalyzed oxidative radical-polar crossover leading to unexplored β-alkoxydiazo compounds. The synthetic utility of such diazo compounds was demonstrated with a series of transformations involving C-H, N-H, and O-H insertions as well as in the construction of complex sp3-rich heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan He
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Quan Zhang
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Calle Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alessa B. Rolka
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marcos G. Suero
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA,
Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Li X, Yue SH, Tan ZY, Liu SB, Luo DX, Zhou YJ, Liang XW. Catalytic asymmetric carbenoid α-C-H insertion of ether. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15167-15177. [PMID: 38741618 PMCID: PMC11090019 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02206h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant advancements have been made in catalytic asymmetric α-C-H bond functionalization of ethers via carbenoid insertion over the past decade. Effective asymmetric catalytic systems, featuring a range of chiral metal catalysts, have been established for the enantioselective synthesis of diverse ether substrates. This has led to the generation of various enantioenriched, highly functionalized oxygen-containing structural motifs, facilitating their application in the asymmetric synthesis of bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University Changsha 410013 China
| | - San-Hong Yue
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410013 China
| | - Zi-Yang Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University Changsha 410013 China
| | - Shu-Bo Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410013 China
| | - De-Xiang Luo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University Changsha 410013 China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University Changsha 410013 China
| | - Xiao-Wei Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410013 China
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12
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Hayashi N, Ujihara T, Anada M. Origin of the Conformational Stability of Dirhodium(II) Tetrakis[ N-phthaloyl-( S)- tert-leucinate] and Its Halogenated Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3051-3061. [PMID: 38626323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the origins of the stable structures of dirhodium(II) tetrakis[N-phthaloyl-(S)-tert-leucinate] and the four derivatives with halogenated aromatic rings, the conformational stability and intramolecular interactions were investigated by DFT calculations. In all of these complexes, the conformation in which all ligands face in the same direction is the most stable. When adjacent ligands are in the same orientation, destabilization due to exchange repulsion is larger than that when they are in opposite orientations. However, this destabilizing effect is reversed by the sum of the stabilizing effects of the electronic and charge transfer interactions. The imide carbonyl group plays an important role in these stabilizing interactions. The negatively charged site and bond orbitals in the imide carbonyl group interact with the positively charged sites and bond orbitals in the aromatic ring, the carboxylate group, and the α-position of the carboxylate group in the adjacent ligands. In addition, the lone-pair orbitals of the halogen atoms contribute to conformational stabilization by interacting with the vacant orbitals in the adjacent ligands. However, the combinations of these charged sites or bond orbitals, which effectively contribute to the stabilization, are different for each complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hayashi
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ujihara
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Masahiro Anada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
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13
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Zhou X, Jiang J, Zhang M, Wu Q, Zhu K, Shi D, Hou S, Zhao J, Li P. Dioxane promoted photochemical O-alkylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds beyond carbene insertion into C-H and C-C bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4330-4333. [PMID: 38545739 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00778f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
A photochemical synthesis of enol ethers and furan-3(2H)-ones from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and aryl diazoacetates has been developed. Significantly, 1,4-dioxane promoted O-alkylation of various 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds beyond previous carbene insertion into C-H and C-C bonds has been disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Qingqing Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Keyong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Dongjie Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Sensen Hou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Pan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
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14
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Zhang P, Li CX, Wang S, Zhang XJ, Yan M. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Insertion of Carbenes into γ-C(sp 3)-H Bonds of Aliphatic Amines. Org Lett 2024; 26:2523-2528. [PMID: 38536882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
A migratory insertion of carbenes into distal γ-C(sp3)-H bonds of aliphatic amines has been successfully developed. The synergistic interplay among a palladium catalyst, picolinamide directing group, a carefully selected base additive, and an essential ligand proved crucial in achieving high yields. These findings hold significant value for advancing the exploration of regioselective carbene insertions into nonactivated C(sp3)-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - ShihaoZhi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue-Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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15
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Le TV, Ramachandru GG, Daugulis O. Trifluoroethylation and Pentafluoropropylation of C(sp 3)-H Bonds. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303190. [PMID: 38011542 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluorinated substituents often enhance effectiveness, improve the stability within metabolic processes, and boost the lipophilicity of biologically active compounds. However, methods for their introduction into aliphatic carbon chains remain very limited. A potentially general route to integrate the fluorinated scaffolds into organic molecules involves insertion of fluorine-containing carbenes into C(sp3)-H bonds. The electron-withdrawing characteristics of perfluoroalkyl groups enhances the reactivity of these carbenes which should enable the functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds. Curiously, it appears that use of perfluoroalkyl-containing carbenes in alkane C-H functionalization is exceedingly rare. This concept describes photolysis, enzymatic catalysis, and transition metal catalysis as three primary approaches to C(sp3)-H functionalization by trifluoromethylcarbene and its homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh V Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Girish G Ramachandru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Olafs Daugulis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Zhao P, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Ma Y. Photodriven Radical-Polar Crossover Cyclization Strategy: Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyridines from Diazo Compounds. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38506402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the synthesis of a variety of perfluoroalkyl heterocycles via a visible-light-driven radical-polar crossover cyclization strategy. In this process, single-electron reduction/SNV-type/cyclization sequences follow the radical addition reaction of a diazoester, which differs from the current role of diazoesters as radical precursors/acceptors. This transformation demonstrates excellent functional group compatibility and allows for the modification of many bioactive molecules with diazoesters. Such a reaction could represent a novel approach to the photochemical transformation of diazo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, China
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17
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Mohammadpour P, Safaei E, Zeinalipour-Yazdi CD. Silica nanoparticles and kaolin clay decorated with VO 2+ in aerobic oxidative destruction of BTEX contaminants. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8334-8343. [PMID: 38391378 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The importance of controlled hydrocarbon oxidation has sparked interest in methods that catalyze this process. In this vein, controlled oxidative degradation of BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) which are hazardous air and industrial waste water contaminants is very considerable. Accordingly, the reactive VO2+ species was anchored onto silica nanoparticles (VO-SNP) to catalyze the conversion of BTEX into useful compounds. The synthesized heterogeneous VO-SNP catalyst was characterized using different techniques such as FTIR, FETEM, FESEM, XRD, EDX, ICP and XPS. Interestingly, the catalyst performed the activation of the relatively inert C-H bonds of BTEX to produce oxygenated compounds under quite mild and eco-friendly conditions at room temperature with no extra additives. Furthermore, we introduced VO2+ species onto mineral kaolin sheets (VO-kaolin) as a vanadyl decorated natural solid support and the results showed less efficiency compared to VO-SNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Mohammadpour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7194684795, Iran.
| | - Elham Safaei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7194684795, Iran.
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18
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Reed JH, Seebeck FP. Reagent Engineering for Group Transfer Biocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311159. [PMID: 37688533 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has become a major driver in the innovation of preparative chemistry. Enzyme discovery, engineering and computational design have matured to reliable strategies in the development of biocatalytic processes. By comparison, substrate engineering has received much less attention. In this Minireview, we highlight the idea that the design of synthetic reagents may be an equally fruitful and complementary approach to develop novel enzyme-catalysed group transfer chemistry. This Minireview discusses key examples from the literature that illustrate how synthetic substrates can be devised to improve the efficiency, scalability and sustainability, as well as the scope of such reactions. We also provide an opinion as to how this concept might be further developed in the future, aspiring to replicate the evolutionary success story of natural group transfer reagents, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- Molecular Systems Engineering, National Competence Center in Research, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian P Seebeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- Molecular Systems Engineering, National Competence Center in Research, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Patel RK, Jha P, Chauhan A, Kant R, Kumar R. Polycyclic Pyrazoles from Alkynyl Cyclohexadienones and Nonstabilized Diazoalkanes via [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition/[1,5]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement/Aza-Michael Reaction Cascade. Org Lett 2024; 26:839-844. [PMID: 38252505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
An efficient method for the stereoselective synthesis of "all center substituted" polycyclic pyrazoles from alkynyl cyclohexa-2,5-dienones and nonstabilized diazoalkanes via sequential [3 + 2]-cycloaddition/[1,5]-sigmatropic rearrangement and aza-Michael reactions is reported. The developed process is highly regioselective and stereoselective. It employs a wide substrate scope to furnish structurally diverse linear and bridged [4.4.n.0] ring-fused pyrazoles in moderate to good yields. One-pot and gram-scale syntheses and synthetic transformations have also been showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Patel
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Priyankar Jha
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Anil Chauhan
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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20
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Wang C, Zhu D, Wu R, Zhu S. Dirhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Difluoromethylated Cyclopropanes via Enyne Cycloisomerization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306404. [PMID: 38087930 PMCID: PMC10870034 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
(Difluoromethylated cyclopropane represents an important motif, which is widely found in bioactive and functional molecules. Despite significant progress in modern chemistry, the atom-economic and enantioselective synthesis of difluoromethylated cyclopropanes is still challenging. Herein, an Rh2 (II)-catalyzed asymmetric enyne cycloisomerization is described to construct chiral difluoromethylated cyclopropane derivatives with up to 99% yield and 99% ee in low catalyst loading (0.2 mol%), which can be easily transformed into highly functionalized difluoromethylated cyclopropanes with vicinal all-carbon quaternary stereocenters by ozonolysis. Mechanistic studies and the crystal structures of alkyne-dirhodium complexes reveal that the cooperative weak hydrogen bondings between the substrates and the dirhodium catalyst may play key roles in this reaction.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Rui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
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21
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Bartholow T, Burroughs PW, Elledge SK, Byrnes JR, Kirkemo LL, Garda V, Leung KK, Wells JA. Photoproximity Labeling from Single Catalyst Sites Allows Calibration and Increased Resolution for Carbene Labeling of Protein Partners In Vitro and on Cells. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:199-208. [PMID: 38292613 PMCID: PMC10823516 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The cell surface proteome (surfaceome) plays a pivotal role in virtually all extracellular biology, and yet we are only beginning to understand the protein complexes formed in this crowded environment. Recently, a high-resolution approach (μMap) was described that utilizes multiple iridium-photocatalysts attached to a secondary antibody, directed to a primary antibody of a protein of interest, to identify proximal neighbors by light-activated conversion of a biotin-diazirine to a highly reactive carbene followed by LC/MS (Geri, J. B.; Oakley, J. V.; Reyes-Robles, T.; Wang, T.; McCarver, S. J.; White, C. H.; Rodriguez-Rivera, F. P.; Parker, D. L.; Hett, E. C.; Fadeyi, O. O.; Oslund, R. C.; MacMillan, D. W. C. Science2020, 367, 1091-1097). Here we calibrated the spatial resolution for carbene labeling using site-specific conjugation of a single photocatalyst to a primary antibody drug, trastuzumab (Traz), in complex with its structurally well-characterized oncogene target, HER2. We observed relatively uniform carbene labeling across all amino acids, and a maximum distance of ∼110 Å from the fixed photocatalyst. When targeting HER2 overexpression cells, we identified 20 highly enriched HER2 neighbors, compared to a nonspecific membrane tethered catalyst. These studies identify new HER2 interactors and calibrate the radius of carbene photoprobe labeling for the surfaceome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
G. Bartholow
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Paul W.W. Burroughs
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Susanna K. Elledge
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - James R. Byrnes
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Lisa L. Kirkemo
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Virginia Garda
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kevin K. Leung
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - James A. Wells
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department
of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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22
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Wackelin DJ, Mao R, Sicinski KM, Zhao Y, Das A, Chen K, Arnold FH. Enzymatic Assembly of Diverse Lactone Structures: An Intramolecular C-H Functionalization Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1580-1587. [PMID: 38166100 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Lactones are cyclic esters with extensive applications in materials science, medicinal chemistry, and the food and perfume industries. Nature's strategy for the synthesis of many lactones found in natural products always relies on a single type of retrosynthetic strategy, a C-O bond disconnection. Here, we describe a set of laboratory-engineered enzymes that use a new-to-nature C-C bond-forming strategy to assemble diverse lactone structures. These engineered "carbene transferases" catalyze intramolecular carbene insertions into benzylic or allylic C-H bonds, which allow for the synthesis of lactones with different ring sizes and ring scaffolds from simple starting materials. Starting from a serine-ligated cytochrome P450 variant previously engineered for other carbene-transfer activities, directed evolution generated a variant P411-LAS-5247, which exhibits a high activity for constructing a five-membered ε-lactone, lactam, and cyclic ketone products (up to 5600 total turnovers (TTN) and >99% enantiomeric excess (ee)). Further engineering led to variants P411-LAS-5249 and P411-LAS-5264, which deliver six-membered δ-lactones and seven-membered ε-lactones, respectively, overcoming the thermodynamically unfavorable ring strain associated with these products compared to the γ-lactones. This new carbene-transfer activity was further extended to the synthesis of complex lactone scaffolds based on fused, bridged, and spiro rings. The enzymatic platform developed here complements natural biosynthetic strategies for lactone assembly and expands the structural diversity of lactones accessible through C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Wackelin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Runze Mao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kathleen M Sicinski
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yutao Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Anuvab Das
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kai Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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23
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Gui X, Sorbelli D, Caló FP, Leutzsch M, Patzer M, Fürstner A, Bistoni G, Auer AA. Elucidating the Electronic Nature of Rh-based Paddlewheel Catalysts from 103 Rh NMR Chemical Shifts: Insights from Quantum Mechanical Calculations. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202301846. [PMID: 37721802 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous importance of dirhodium paddlewheel complexes for asymmetric catalysis is largely the result of an empirical optimization of the chiral ligand sphere about the bimetallic core. It was only recently that a H(C)Rh triple resonance 103 Rh NMR experiment provided the long-awaited opportunity to examine - with previously inconceivable accuracy - how variation of the ligands impacts on the electronic structure of such catalysts. The recorded effects are dramatic: formal replacement of only one out of eight O-atoms surrounding the metal centers in a dirhodium tetracarboxylate by an N-atom results in a shielding of the corresponding Rh-site of no less than 1000 ppm. The current paper provides the theoretical framework that allows this and related experimental observations made with a set of 19 representative rhodium complexes to be interpreted. In line with symmetry considerations, it is shown that the shielding tensor responds only to the donor ability of the equatorial ligands along the perpendicular principal axis. Axial ligands, in contrast, have no direct effect on shielding but may come into play via the electronicc i s ${cis}$ -effect that they exert onto the neighboring equatorial sites. On top of these fundamental interactions, charge redistribution within the core as well as the electronict r a n s ${trans}$ -effect of ligands of different donor strengths is reflected in the recorded 103 Rh NMR shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Diego Sorbelli
- Dipartmento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotechnologie, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabio P Caló
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michael Patzer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
- Dipartmento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotechnologie, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alexander A Auer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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24
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Harada S, Hirose S, Takamura M, Furutani M, Hayashi Y, Nemoto T. Silver(I)/Dirhodium(II) Catalytic Platform for Asymmetric N-H Insertion Reaction of Heteroaromatics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:733-741. [PMID: 38149316 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective N-H insertion reactions of carbene species offer a powerful and straightforward strategy to produce chiral nitrogen-containing compounds. Developing highly selective insertion reactions using indole variants can meet synthetic demand. Herein we present an asymmetric insertion reaction into N-H bonds of the aromatic heterocycles using donor/acceptor-substituted diazo compounds based on a heteronuclear catalytic platform. Although a previously developed catalysis comprising chiral silver catalyst or dirhodium(II,II) paddlewheel complexes with and without chiral phosphoric acid showed modest performance, a unique combination of widely available Rh2(OAc)4 and silver(I) phosphate dimer [(S)-TRIP-Ag]2 enabled asymmetric carbene insertion reactions (up to 98% ee). Moreover, the Ag/Rh catalytic system facilitated regioselective and enantioselective C-H functionalization of protic indoles. Mechanistic investigation based on density functional theory indicated that an in situ-generated Ag-Rh trimetallic enolate is protonated in a chiral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shumpei Hirose
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Mizuki Takamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Maika Furutani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuna Hayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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25
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Kanda H, Okabe A, Harada S, Nemoto T. Systematic Studies of Functional Group Tolerance and Chemoselectivity in Carbene-Mediated Intramolecular Cyclopropanation and Intermolecular C-H Functionalization. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:313-318. [PMID: 38494725 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c24-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Generating reliable data on functional group compatibility and chemoselectivity is essential for evaluating the practicality of chemical reactions and predicting retrosynthetic routes. In this context, we performed systematic studies using a functional group evaluation kit including 26 kinds of additives to assess the functional group tolerance of carbene-mediated reactions. Our findings revealed that some intermolecular heteroatom-hydrogen insertion reactions proceed faster than intramolecular cyclopropanation reactions. Lewis basic functionalities inhibited rhodium-catalyzed C-H functionalization of indoles. While performing these studies, we observed an unexpected C-H functionalization of a 1-naphthol variant used as an additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Kanda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Ayaka Okabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
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26
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King A, Wang J, Liu T, Raghavan A, Tomson NC, Zhukhovitskiy AV. Influence of Metal Identity and Complex Nuclearity in Kumada Cross-Coupling Polymerizations with a Pyridine Diimine-Based Ligand Scaffold. ACS POLYMERS AU 2023; 3:475-481. [PMID: 38107419 PMCID: PMC10722565 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cross-coupling polymerizations have fundamentally changed the field of conjugated polymers (CPs) by expanding the scope of accessible materials. Despite the prevalence of cross-coupling in CP synthesis, almost all polymerizations rely on mononuclear Ni or Pd catalysts. Here, we report a systematic exploration of mono- and dinuclear Fe and Ni precatalysts with a pyridine diimine ligand scaffold for Kumada cross-coupling polymerization of a donor thiophene and an acceptor benzotriazole monomers. We observe that variation of the metal identity from Ni to Fe produces contrasting polymerization mechanisms, while complex nuclearity has a minimal impact on reactivity. Specifically, Fe complexes appear to catalyze step-growth Kumada polymerizations and can readily access both Csp2-Csp3 and Csp2-Csp2 cross-couplings, while Ni complexes catalyze chain-growth polymerizations and predominantly Csp2-Csp2 cross-couplings. Thus, our work sheds light on important design parameters for transition metal complexes used in cross-coupling polymerizations, demonstrates the viability of iron catalysis in Kumada polymerization, and opens the door to novel polymer compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
J. King
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Jiashu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tianchang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Adharsh Raghavan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Neil C. Tomson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Aleksandr V. Zhukhovitskiy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
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27
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Li T, Wang D, Heng Y, Hou G, Zi G, Ding W, Maron L, Walter MD. Experimental and Computational Studies on Uranium Diazomethanediide Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313010. [PMID: 37883663 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Uranium diazomethanediide complexes can be prepared and their synthesis, structure and reactivity were explored. Reaction of the uranium imido compound [η5 -1,2,4-(Me3 Si)3 C5 H2 ]2 U=N(p-tolyl)(dmap) (1) or [η5 -1,3-(Me3 C)2 C5 H3 ]2 U=N(p-tolyl)(dmap) (4) with Me3 SiCHN2 cleanly yields the first isocyanoimido metal complexes [η5 -1,2,4-(Me3 Si)3 C5 H2 ]2 U(=NNC)(μ-CNN=)U(dmap)[η5 -1,2,4-(Me3 Si)3 C5 H2 ]2 (2) and {[η5 -1,3-(Me3 C)2 C5 H3 ]2 U[μ-(=NNC)]}6 (5), respectively. Both compounds exhibit remarkable thermal stability and were fully characterized. According to density functional theory (DFT) studies the bonding between the Cp2 U2+ and [NNC]2- moieties is strongly polarized with a significant 5 f orbital contribution, which is also reflected in the reactivity of these complexes. For example, complex 5 acts as a nucleophile toward alkylsilyl halides and engages in a [2+2] cycloaddition with CS2 , but no reaction occurs in the presence of internal alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS and INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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28
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Qian Y, Tang J, Zhou X, Luo J, Yang X, Ke Z, Hu W. Enantioselective Multifunctionalization with Rh Carbynoids. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26403-26411. [PMID: 37993266 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctionalization from the interception of active intermediates is an attractive synthetic strategy for the efficient construction of complex molecular scaffolds in an atom and step economic fashion. However, the design of reactions involving metal carbynoids that exhibit carbene/carbocation behavior is currently limited, and developing catalyst-controlled highly enantioselective versions poses significant challenges. In this study, we present the first asymmetric trifunctionalization reactions with rhodium carbynoids. This reaction unveils the distinctive reactivity of the carbynoid precursor, enabling it to react with simultaneously two nucleophiles and one electrophile. This process involves the formation of two distinct carbene ylides with the alcohol/carbamate and the trapping of one ylide with the imine, resulting in the formation of three new bonds. Furthermore, this strategy allows for the divergent synthesis of a wide array of β-amino esters in high yields and exceptional enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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29
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Roy S, Biswas A, Paul H, Ariyan SK, Chatterjee I. Introducing N-Sulfinylamines into Visible-Light-Induced Carbene Chemistry for the Synthesis of Diverse Amides and α-Iminoesters. Org Lett 2023; 25:8511-8515. [PMID: 37975825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A rare example of visible-light-mediated diverse reactivity of N-sulfinylamines with different types of carbene precursors has been disclosed. Acylsilanes and aryldiazoacetates have been utilized as nucleophilic and electrophilic carbene precursors into the N═S═O linchpin, to achieve valuable amides and α-iminoesters, respectively. Interestingly, diazocarbonyls can also participate in the amidation reaction with N-sulfinylamines via in situ generated ketenes. This operationally simple modular method offers a mild, transition-metal-free, and coupling-reagent-free protocol to fabricate structurally diverse amides and a promptly accessible technique to achieve α-iminoesters, where visible light remains as a key promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India
| | - Apurba Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India
| | - Hrishikesh Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India
| | - S K Ariyan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India
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30
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Wang ZS, Xu HJ, Chen YB, Ye LW, Zhou B, Qian PC. Copper-catalyzed atroposelective formal [4+1] annulation of 1,2-diketones with vinyl cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 38013471 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective transformation of easily accessible 1,2-diketones represents a quick pathway towards enantioenriched molecules. Herein, we disclose a copper-catalyzed atroposelective formal [4+1] annulation of 1,2-diketones with vinyl cations, enabling the efficient and atom-economical construction of axially chiral arylpyrroles bearing 1,3-dioxole moieties with good to excellent enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. Importantly, this methodology constitutes the first enantioselective formal [4+1] annulation of 1,2-diketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Shu Wang
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Hao-Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yang-Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Peng-Cheng Qian
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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31
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Harariya MS, Gogoi R, Goswami A, Sharma AK, Jindal G. Is Enol Always the Culprit? The Curious Case of High Enantioselectivity in a Chiral Rh(II) Complex Catalyzed Carbene Insertion Reaction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301910. [PMID: 37665257 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of Rh2 (S-NTTL)4 catalyzed carbene insertion into C(3)-H of indole is investigated using DFT methods. Since the commonly accepted enol mechanism cannot account for enantioinduction, a concerted oxocarbenium pathway was proposed in an earlier work using a model catalyst. However, after considering the full catalytic system, this study finds that akin to other reactions, here, too, the enol pathway is of lower energy, which now naturally raises a conundrum regarding the mode of chiral induction. Herein, a new water promoted mechanistic pathway involving a metal-associated enol intermediate hydrogen bonding and stereochemical model are proposed to solve this puzzle. It is shown how the catalyst bowl-shaped structure along with substrate-catalyst binding is crucial for achieving high levels of enantioselectivity. A stereodetermining water-assisted proton transfer is proposed and confirmed through deuterium-labeling experiments. The water molecules are held together by H-bonding interactions with the carboxylate ligands that is reminiscent of enzyme catalysis. Although several previous studies have aimed at understanding the mechanism of metal catalyzed carbene insertion reactions, the origin of high stereoinduction especially with chiral metal complexes remains unclear, and till date there is no transition state model that can explain the high enantioselectivity with such chiral Rh complexes. The metal-associated enol pathway is currently underrepresented in catalytic cycles and may play a crucial role in catalyst design. Since the enol pathway is commonly adopted in other metal-catalyzed X-H insertion reactions involving a diazoester, the presented results are not specific to the current reaction. Therefore, this study could provide the direction for achieving high levels of enantioselectivity which is otherwise difficult to achieve with a single metal catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh S Harariya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Romin Gogoi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Anubhav Goswami
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Akhilesh K Sharma
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans, 1643007, Tarragona, 560012, Spain
| | - Garima Jindal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
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32
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Jayarani A, Deepa M, Khan HA, Koothradan FF, Yoganandhini S, Sreelakshmi V, Sivasankar C. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Chemo-Selective Carbene Insertion into C-H Bond of Styrene over Cyclopropanation: C-C Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15817-15831. [PMID: 37934176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The C-C bond formation reactions are important in organic synthesis. Heck reaction is known to arylate the terminal carbon of olefins; however, direct alkylation of the terminal carbon of olefin is limited. Herein, we report a novel ruthenium-catalyzed selective cross-coupling reaction of styrene and α-diazoesters to form a new C-C bond over cyclopropanation via the C-H insertion process for the first time. Using this novel methodology, a wide variety of substrates have been utilized and a variety of α-vinylated benzylic esters and densely functionalized olefins have been synthesized with good stereoselectivity under mild reaction conditions. The overall reaction process proceeds through the carbene insertion into styrene to form the desired products in good to excellent yields with proper stereoselectivity. The selective C-H inserted product, wide substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance are the best features of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Jayarani
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Masilamani Deepa
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Government Arts College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
| | - Hilal Ahmad Khan
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Fathima Febin Koothradan
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Sekar Yoganandhini
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Government Arts College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India
| | - Vinod Sreelakshmi
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Chinnappan Sivasankar
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, Puducherry 605014, India
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33
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Fanourakis A, Phipps RJ. Catalytic, asymmetric carbon-nitrogen bond formation using metal nitrenoids: from metal-ligand complexes via metalloporphyrins to enzymes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12447-12476. [PMID: 38020383 PMCID: PMC10646976 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04661c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of nitrogen atoms into small molecules is of fundamental importance and it is vital that ever more efficient and selective methods for achieving this are developed. With this aim, the potential of nitrene chemistry has long been appreciated but its application has been constrained by the extreme reactivity of these labile species. This liability however can be attenuated by complexation with a transition metal and the resulting metal nitrenoids have unique and highly versatile reactivity which includes the amination of certain types of aliphatic C-H bonds as well as reactions with alkenes to afford aziridines. At least one new chiral centre is typically formed in these processes and the development of catalysts to exert control over enantioselectivity in nitrenoid-mediated amination has become a growing area of research, particularly over the past two decades. Compared with some synthetic methods, metal nitrenoid chemistry is notable in that chemists can draw from a diverse array of metals and catalysts , ranging from metal-ligand complexes, bearing a variety of ligand types, via bio-inspired metalloporphyrins, all the way through to, very recently, engineered enzymes themselves. In the latter category in particular, rapid progress is being made, the rate of which suggests that this approach may be instrumental in addressing some of the outstanding challenges in the field. This review covers key developments and strategies that have shaped the field, in addition to the latest advances, up until September 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fanourakis
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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34
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Shi T, Zhang T, Yang J, Li Y, Shu J, Zhao J, Zhang M, Zhang D, Hu W. Bifunctionality of dirhodium tetracarboxylates in metallaphotocatalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7269. [PMID: 37949850 PMCID: PMC10638314 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallaphotocatalysis has been recognized as a pivotal catalysis enabling new reactivities. Traditional metallaphotocatalysis often requires two or more separate catalysts and exhibits flaw in cost and substrate-tolerance, thus representing an await-to-solve issue in catalysis. We herein realize metallaphotocatalysis with a bifunctional dirhodium tetracarboxylate ([Rh2]) alone. The [Rh2] shows an photocatalytic activity of promoting singlet oxygen (1O2) oxidation. By harnessing its photocatalytic activity, the [Rh2] catalyzes a photochemical cascade reaction (PCR) via combination of carbenoid chemistry and 1O2 chemistry. The PCR is characterized by high atom-efficiency, excellent stereoselectivities, mild conditions, scalable synthesis, and pharmaceutically interesting products. DFT calculations-aided mechanistic study rationalizes the reaction pathway and interprets the origin of stereoselectivities of the PCR. The products show inhibitory activity against PTP1B, being promising in the treatment of type II diabetes and cancers. Overall, here we show the bifunctional [Rh2] merges Rh-carbenoid chemistry and 1O2 chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoda Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiying Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yukai Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jirong Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengchu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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35
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Kitamura M, Ohtsuka K, Eto T, Tsuzaki M, Wada M, Shimooka H, Okauchi T. Diazo-Transfer Reaction of Nonactivated Ketones with 2-Azido-1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium Hexafluorophosphate (IPrAP). J Org Chem 2023; 88:15494-15500. [PMID: 37874046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The diazo-transfer reaction of nonactivated ketone under mild reaction conditions was developed. Various nonactivated ketones such as aryl methyl ketones, sec-alkyl methyl ketones, and cyclic ketones were transformed into their corresponding α-diazoketones in one step by treating 2-azido-1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (IPrAP) in the presence of iPr2NH in ethylene glycol. In the reaction of IPrAP with prim-alkyl methyl ketone and prim-alkyl aryl ketones, migratory amidation proceeded under the reaction conditions to afford the corresponding amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kitamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ohtsuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Eto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Masato Tsuzaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Mayuko Wada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Shimooka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Okauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
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36
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Uchida T. Development of Catalytic Site-Selective C-H Oxidation. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300156. [PMID: 37350373 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Direct C-H bond oxygenation is a strong and useful tool for the construction of oxygen functional groups. After Chen and White's pioneering works, various non-heme-type iron and manganese complexes were introduced, leading to strong development in this area. However, for this method to become a truly useful tool for synthetic organic chemistry, it is necessary to make further efforts to improve site-selectivity, and catalyst durability. Recently, we found that non-heme-type ruthenium complex cis-1 presents efficient catalysis in C(sp3 )-H oxygenation under acidic conditions. cis-1-catalysed C-H oxygenation can oxidize various substrates including highly complex natural compounds using hypervalent iodine reagents as a terminal oxidant. Moreover, the catalyst system can use almost stoichiometric water molecules as the oxygen source through reversible hydrolysis of PhI(OCOR)2 . It is a strong tool for producing isotopic-oxygen-labelled compounds. Moreover, the environmentally friendly hydrogen peroxide can be used as a terminal oxidant under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Uchida
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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37
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Sperga A, Veliks J. Recent Advances in Monofluorinated Carbenes, Carbenoids, Ylides, and Related Species. Chemistry 2023:e202301851. [PMID: 37902650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of monofluorinated compounds is of great interest because of the vast applications of organofluorine compounds. Recently, the introduction of monofluorocarbene synthons has emerged as an important strategy for the synthesis of fluorine-containing products. In contrast to direct fluorination, in which C-F bonds are formed, the use of monofluorinated carbenes and related reactive species involves C-C or C-X bond formation while delivering valuable fluorine atoms into the target structure. Owing to increased knowledge on carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formations, monofluorinated carbenes have enormous potential for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds, which, in our opinion, has not yet been fully exploited. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthetic applications of monofluorinated carbenes, carbenoids, ylides, and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturs Sperga
- Latvian Institute of OrganicSynthesis, Aizkrauklesiela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Veliks
- Latvian Institute of OrganicSynthesis, Aizkrauklesiela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
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38
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Zhong PF, Tu JL, Zhao Y, Zhong N, Yang C, Guo L, Xia W. Photoelectrochemical oxidative C(sp 3)-H borylation of unactivated hydrocarbons. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6530. [PMID: 37845202 PMCID: PMC10579347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoboron compounds are of high significance in organic synthesis due to the unique versatility of boryl substituents to access further modifications. The high demand for the incorporation of boryl moieties into molecular structures has witnessed significant progress, particularly in the C(sp3)-H borylation of hydrocarbons. Taking advantage of special characteristics of photo/electrochemistry, we herein describe the development of an oxidative C(sp3)-H borylation reaction under metal- and oxidant-free conditions, enabled by photoelectrochemical strategy. The reaction exhibits broad substrate scope (>57 examples), and includes the use of simple alkanes, halides, silanes, ketones, esters and nitriles as viable substrates. Notably, unconventional regioselectivity of C(sp3)-H borylation is achieved, with the coupling site of C(sp3)-H borylation selectively located in the distal methyl group. Our method is operationally simple and easily scalable, and offers a feasible approach for the one-step synthesis of high-value organoboron building blocks from simple hydrocarbons, which would provide ample opportunities for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Fu Zhong
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jia-Lin Tu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Nan Zhong
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
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39
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Koidan G, Zahorulko S, Hurieva A, Shvydenko T, Rusanov EB, Rozhenko AB, Manthe U, Kostyuk A. Straightforward Synthesis of Halopyridine Aldehydes via Diaminomethylation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301675. [PMID: 37458183 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel two-step method for formylation of fluoropyridines with silylformamidine Me3 SiC(=NMe)NMe2 (1) under catalyst-free conditions was developed. A series of all possible 18 fluoropyridines featuring one to four fluorine atoms were subjected to the reaction with 1 existing in equilibrium with its carbenic form Me2 NC(:)N(Me)SiMe3 (1'). Among them, 12 fluoropyridines were shown to react via C-H insertion. The reaction proceeded either at β- or γ-positions affording the corresponding aminals. The more fluorine atoms in pyridines, the easier the reaction proceeded. We also hypothesized that the pyridines in which the fluorine was substituted by other halogens would react in a similar manner. To test the hypothesis, a set of 3,5-disubstituted pyridines with various combination of halogen atoms was prepared. 3,5-Difluoropyridine was taken as a compound for comparison. All the pyridines in the series also reacted likewise. In most cases, hydrolysis of the aminals afforded the corresponding aldehydes. As DFT calculations indicate, the reaction mechanism includes deprotonation of pyridine by 1' as a strong base and the following rearrangement of the formed tight ionic pair to the final product. An alternative reaction pathway involving addition of 1' to the pyridine carbon with the following hydrogen transfer via a three-membered transition state structure required much higher activation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgyi Koidan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academician Kukhar str. 5, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Zahorulko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academician Kukhar str. 5, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anastasiia Hurieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academician Kukhar str. 5, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Shvydenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academician Kukhar str. 5, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Eduard B Rusanov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academician Kukhar str. 5, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander B Rozhenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academician Kukhar str. 5, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- University of Bielefeld, Universitätstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- National Technical University of Ukraine, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Beresteiskyi prosp. 37, 03056, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Uwe Manthe
- University of Bielefeld, Universitätstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Kostyuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academician Kukhar str. 5, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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40
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Ajitha M, Haines BE, Musaev DG. Mechanism and Selectivity of Copper-Catalyzed Bromination of Distal C(sp 3)-H Bonds. Organometallics 2023; 42:2467-2476. [PMID: 37772274 PMCID: PMC10526628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds are the most challenging substrate class for transition metal-catalyzed C-H halogenation. Recently, the Yu group [Liu, T.; Myers, M. C.; Yu, J. Q. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.2017, 56 (1), 306-309] has demonstrated that a CuII/phenanthroline catalyst and BrN3, generated in situ from NBS and TMSN3 precursors, can achieve selective C-H bromination distal to a directing group. The current understanding of the mechanism of this reaction has left numerous questions unanswered. Here, we investigated the mechanism of Cu-catalyzed C(sp3)-H bromination with distal site selectivity using density functional theory calculations. We found that this reaction starts with the Br-atom transfer from BrN3 to the Cu center that occurs via a small energy barrier at the singlet-triplet state seam of crossing. In the course of this reaction, the presence of the N-H bond in the substrate is critically important and acts as a directing group for enhancing the stability of the catalyst-substrate interaction and for the recruitment of the substrate to the catalyst. The required C-centered radical substrate formation occurs via direct C-H dehydrogenation by the Cu-coordinated N3 radical, rather than via the previously proposed N-H bond dehydrogenation and then the 1,5-H transfer from the γ-(C-H) bond to the N-radical center pathway. The C-H bond activation by the azide radical is a regioselectivity-controlling step. The following bromination of the C-centered radical by the Cu-coordinated bromine completes the product formation. This reaction step is the rate-limiting step, occurs at the singlet-to-triplet state seam of the crossing point, and is exergonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjaly
J. Ajitha
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific
Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | | | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific
Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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41
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Babbar A, Yamini P, Saleem M, Yadagiri D. Transition metal-catalyzed reactivity of carbenes with boronic acid derivatives for arylation (alkylation) and beyond. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7062-7078. [PMID: 37610724 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review article discussed the reactivity of carbenes with boronic acid derivatives for the one-pot synthesis of diarylmethanes, difluoromethylated arenes, aryl and alkyl boron compounds, arylacetic acid derivatives, furan derivatives, and many other compounds. We have summarized the arylation, vinylation, and alkylation of carbenes utilizing various transition metals, viz. palladium, rhodium, copper, and platinum, for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds, carbon-boron bonds, and beyond through the cross-coupling strategy. The reason for the increasing popularity of these novel methodologies is their application in the synthesis and late-stage functionalization of biologically active compounds and natural products. Notably, organoboron compounds are exemplified as versatile synthetic intermediates for constructing various bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Babbar
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Pokhriyal Yamini
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Dongari Yadagiri
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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42
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Bayrakdar TACA, Lescot C. Process Development of Heterogeneous Rh Catalyzed Carbene Transfer Reactions Under Continuous Flow Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300596. [PMID: 37184307 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A very simple Rh-based catalyst operates under heterogeneous flow conditions for the carbene transfer of methyl diazoacetate (MDA) with several substrates. Two different methods for heterogenizing the catalyst in a column reactor have been applied. Different X-H (X=O, S, Si, CH2 ) were successfully functionalized by the carbene and cyclopropenation was performed under very mild continuous flow conditions. Following these promising results, catalyst recycling experiments using both methodologies were conducted in which up to 5 catalytic cycles have been achieved for the carbene O-H insertion reaction and interestingly, a sequential transformation of different substrates with up to 10 consecutive runs per reactor were achieved with no loss in the catalytic activity, thus allowing the production of families of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani A C A Bayrakdar
- Chimie ParisTech PSL, CNRS 8060, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS), 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Camille Lescot
- Chimie ParisTech PSL, CNRS 8060, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS), 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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43
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Le TV, Romero I, Daugulis O. "Sandwich" Diimine-Copper Catalyzed Trifluoroethylation and Pentafluoropropylation of Unactivated C(sp 3 )-H Bonds by Carbene Insertion. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301672. [PMID: 37267071 PMCID: PMC10642771 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report here "sandwich"-diimine copper complex-catalyzed trifluoroethylation and pentafluoropropylation of unactivated C(sp3 )-H bonds in alkyl esters, halides, and protected amines by employing CF3 CHN2 and CF3 CF2 CHN2 reagents. Reactions proceed in dichloromethane solvent at room temperature. Identical C-H functionalization conditions and stoichiometries are employed for generality and convenience. Selectivities for C-H insertions are higher for compounds possessing stronger electron-withdrawing substituents. Preliminary mechanistic studies point to a mechanism involving a pre-equilibrium forming a "sandwich"-diimine copper-CF3 CHN2 complex followed by rate-determining loss of nitrogen affording the reactive copper carbene. It reacts with trifluoromethyldiazomethane about 6.5 times faster than with 1-fluoroadamantane explaining the need for slow addition of the diazo compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olafs Daugulis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd
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44
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Velasco-Rubio Á, Martínez-Balart P, Álvarez-Constantino AM, Fañanás-Mastral M. C-C bond formation via photocatalytic direct functionalization of simple alkanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9424-9444. [PMID: 37417212 PMCID: PMC10392964 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02790b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The direct functionalization of alkanes represents a very important challenge in the goal to develop more atom-efficient and clean C-C bond forming reactions. These processes, however, are hampered by the low reactivity of the aliphatic C-H bonds. Photocatalytic processes based on hydrogen atom transfer C-H bond activation strategies have become a useful tool to activate and functionalize these inert compounds. In this article, we summarize the main achievements in this field applied to the development of C-C bond forming reactions, and we discuss the key mechanistic features that enable these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Velasco-Rubio
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Pol Martínez-Balart
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Andrés M Álvarez-Constantino
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Martín Fañanás-Mastral
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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45
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Bartholow TG, Burroughs P, Elledge SK, Byrnes JR, Kirkemo LL, Garda V, Leung KK, Wells JA. Site-specific proximity labeling at single residue resolution for identification of protein partners in vitro and on cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.27.550738. [PMID: 37546992 PMCID: PMC10402114 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.27.550738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The cell surface proteome, or surfaceome, is encoded by more than 4000 genes, but we are only beginning to understand the complexes they form. Rapid proximity labeling around specific membrane targets allows for capturing weak and transient interactions expected in the crowded and dynamic environment of the surfaceome. Recently, a high-resolution approach called μMap has been described (Geri, J. B., Oakley, J. V., Reyes-Robles, T., Wang, T., McCarver, S. J., White, C. H., Rodriguez-Rivera, F. P., Parker, D. L., Hett, E. C., Fadeyi, O. O., Oslund, R. C., and MacMillan, D. W. C. (2020) Science 367 , 1091-1097) in which an iridium (Ir)-based photocatalyst is attached to a specific antibody to target labeling of neighbors utilizing light-activated generation of carbenes from diazirine compounds via Dexter Energy Transfer (DET). Here we studied and optimized the spatial resolution for the method using an oncoprotein complex between the antibody drug, trastuzumab (Traz), and its target HER2. A set of eight single site-specific Ir-catalytic centers were engineered into Traz to study intra- and inter-molecular labeling in vitro and on cells by mass spectrometry. From this structurally well-characterized complex we observed a maximum distance of ∼110 Å for labeling. Labeling occurred almost uniformly over the full range of amino acids, unlike the residue specific labeling of other techniques. To examine on cell labeling that is specific to HER2 as opposed to simply being on the membrane, we compared the labeling patterns for the eight Traz-catalyst species to random labeling of membrane proteins using a metabolically integrated fatty acid catalyst. Our results identified 20 high confidence HER2 neighbors, many novel, that were more than 6-fold enriched compared to the non-specific membrane tethered catalyst. These studies define distance labeling parameters from single-site catalysts placed directly on the membrane target of interest, and more accurately compare to non-specific labeling to identify membrane complexes with higher confidence.
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46
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Gao M, Ruiz JM, Jimenez E, Lo A, Laconsay CJ, Fettinger JC, Tantillo DJ, Shaw JT. Catalytic generation of ortho-quinone dimethides via donor/donor rhodium carbenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6443-6448. [PMID: 37325151 PMCID: PMC10266466 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00734k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Substrates engineered to undergo a 1,4-C-H insertion to yield benzocyclobutenes resulted in a novel elimination reaction to yield ortho-quinone dimethide (o-QDM) intermediates that undergo Diels-Alder or hetero-Diels-Alder cycloadditions. The analogous benzylic acetals or ethers avoid the C-H insertion pathway completely and, after hydride transfer, undergo a de-aromatizing elimination reaction to o-QDM at ambient temperature. The resulting dienes undergo a variety of cycloaddition reactions with high diastereo- and regio-selectivity. This is one of the few examples of catalytic generation of o-QDM without the intermediacy of a benzocyclobutene and represents one of the mildest, ambient temperature processes to access these useful intermediates. This proposed mechanism is supported by DFT calculations. Moreover, the methodology was applied to the synthesis of (±)-isolariciresinol in 41% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchun Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Jose M Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Emily Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Anna Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Croix J Laconsay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Jared T Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 USA
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47
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O'Callaghan KS, Lynch D, Baumann M, Collins SG, Maguire AR. Flow photolysis of aryldiazoacetates leading to dihydrobenzofurans via intramolecular C-H insertion. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 37248769 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00541k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Flow photolysis of aryldiazoacetates 3-5 leads to C-H insertion to form dihydrobenzofurans 6-8 in a metal-free process, using either a medium pressure mercury lamp (250-390 nm) or LEDs (365 nm or 450 nm) with comparable synthetic outcomes. Significantly, addition of 4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone 9 results in an increased yield and also alters the stereochemical outcome leading to preferential isolation of the trans dihydrobenzofurans 6a-8a (up to 50% yield), while the cis and trans diastereomers of 6-8 are recovered in essentially equimolar amounts in the absence of a photosensitiser (up to 26% yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S O'Callaghan
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Denis Lynch
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stuart G Collins
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Anita R Maguire
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Ireland.
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
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48
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Koidan G, Hurieva AN, Rozhenko AB, Manthe U, Spengler T, Zahorulko S, Shvydenko T, Kostyuk A. Latent Carbene in Diaminomethylation of Benzenes: Mechanism and Practical Application. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37196314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Silylformamidine 1 exists in equilibrium with its carbenic form 1' due to an easy migration of the silyl group. The reaction of 1 with variously substituted fluorobenzenes proceeds as an insertion of the nucleophilic carbene 1' into the most acidic C-H bond upon mixing the reagents and does not require any catalyst. According to DFT calculations, the classical interpretation of the insertion reaction proceeding via a three-membered transition state structure requires high activation energy. Instead, low activation barriers are predicted for a transfer of the most acidic proton in the aromatic substrate to the carbene carbon. As the next step, a barrierless rearrangement of the formed ion pair toward the product completes the process. The reactivity of substituted benzenes in the reaction with silylformamidine can be roughly assessed by calculated pKa (DMSO) values for the C-H hydrogens. Benzene derivatives having pKa approx. less than 31 can undergo C-H insertion. The reaction provides aminals as the first products, which can easily be transformed into the corresponding aldehydes via acidic hydrolysis. As silylformamidine 1 is tolerant to many functional groups, the reaction can be applied to numerous benzene derivatives, making it a reliable strategy for application in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgyi Koidan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anastasiia N Hurieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander B Rozhenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
- University of Bielefeld, Universitätstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Uwe Manthe
- University of Bielefeld, Universitätstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Spengler
- University of Bielefeld, Universitätstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Serhii Zahorulko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Shvydenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Aleksandr Kostyuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
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49
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Guo W, Zhan S, Yang H, Gu Z. Confronting the Challenge of Asymmetric Carbonyl Addition to Sterically Bulky Isatins: Upgrading Dirhodium(II)/Biphosphine Catalytic System. Org Lett 2023; 25:3281-3286. [PMID: 37125697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric addition of arylboronic acids to ketones is a powerful transformation for directly delivering chiral tertiary alcohols. However, there is no successful example of enantioselective addition to steric bulky isatins, which contain bulky substituent at the 4-position. To confront this challenge, in this work a dirhodium/(BTFM-Garphos) system was developed that showed extremely high activity and stereoselectivity, and the reactions were usually finished within a few minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Guo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Zhan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Han Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
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50
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Huang J, Quest A, Cruz-Morales P, Deng K, Pereira JH, Van Cura D, Kakumanu R, Baidoo EEK, Dan Q, Chen Y, Petzold CJ, Northen TR, Adams PD, Clark DS, Balskus EP, Hartwig JF, Mukhopadhyay A, Keasling JD. Complete integration of carbene-transfer chemistry into biosynthesis. Nature 2023; 617:403-408. [PMID: 37138074 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis is an environmentally benign and renewable approach that can be used to produce a broad range of natural and, in some cases, new-to-nature products. However, biology lacks many of the reactions that are available to synthetic chemists, resulting in a narrower scope of accessible products when using biosynthesis rather than synthetic chemistry. A prime example of such chemistry is carbene-transfer reactions1. Although it was recently shown that carbene-transfer reactions can be performed in a cell and used for biosynthesis2,3, carbene donors and unnatural cofactors needed to be added exogenously and transported into cells to effect the desired reactions, precluding cost-effective scale-up of the biosynthesis process with these reactions. Here we report the access to a diazo ester carbene precursor by cellular metabolism and a microbial platform for introducing unnatural carbene-transfer reactions into biosynthesis. The α-diazoester azaserine was produced by expressing a biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces albus. The intracellularly produced azaserine was used as a carbene donor to cyclopropanate another intracellularly produced molecule-styrene. The reaction was catalysed by engineered P450 mutants containing a native cofactor with excellent diastereoselectivity and a moderate yield. Our study establishes a scalable, microbial platform for conducting intracellular abiological carbene-transfer reactions to functionalize a range of natural and new-to-nature products and expands the scope of organic products that can be produced by cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Quest
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Cruz-Morales
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kai Deng
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Jose Henrique Pereira
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Devon Van Cura
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramu Kakumanu
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Edward E K Baidoo
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Qingyun Dan
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paul D Adams
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Douglas S Clark
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Emily P Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA.
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Synthetic Biochemistry Center, Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes for Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China.
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