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Juanes M, Jin S, Saragi RT, van der Linde C, Ebenbichler A, Przybilla N, Ončák M, Beyer MK. Iron Complexes as Potential Carriers of Diffuse Interstellar Bands: The Photodissociation Spectrum of Fe +(H 2O) at Optical Wavelengths. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1306-1312. [PMID: 38347749 PMCID: PMC10895653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The fullerene ion C60+ is the only carrier of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) identified so far. Transition-metal compounds feature electronic transitions in the visible and near-infrared regions, making them potential DIB carriers. Since iron is the most abundant transition metal in the cosmos, we here test this idea with Fe+(H2O). Laboratory spectra were obtained by photodissociation spectroscopy at 80 K. Spectra were modeled with the reflection principle. A high-resolution spectrum of the DIB standard star HD 183143 served as an observational reference. Two broad bands were observed from 4120 to 6800 Å. The 4120-4800 Å band has sharp features emerging from the background, which have the width of DIBs but do not match the band positions of the reference spectrum. Calculations show that the spectrum arises from a d-d transition at the iron center. While no match was found for Fe+(H2O) with known DIBs, the observation of structured bands with line widths typical for DIBs shows that small molecules or molecular ions containing iron are promising candidates for DIB carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Juanes
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Dept.
Química Física y Química Inorgánica, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Shan Jin
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Rizalina T. Saragi
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Alexander Ebenbichler
- Institut
für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Technikerstr.
25/8, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Norbert Przybilla
- Institut
für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Technikerstr.
25/8, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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2
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Zhou X, Zhao G, Liu J, Zhou Y, Yan X, Li Z, Ma W, Jia S. Fiber pigtailed DFB laser-based optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy with a fiber-coupled EOM for phase correction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:6332-6340. [PMID: 35209573 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel technique for performing fiber pigtailed DFB laser and linear Fabry-Pérot cavity based optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OF-CEAS) is proposed. A fiber-coupled electro-optic modulator (f-EOM) with x-cut y-propagation LiNbO3 waveguide is employed, instead of PZT used in traditional OF-CEAS, to correct the feedback phase, which improves the compactness and applicability of OF-CEAS. Through the efficient and real-time control of the feedback phase by actively changing the input voltage of the f-EOM, a good long-term stability of the signal has been achieved. Consequently, a detection sensitivity down to 7.8×10-10 cm-1, better than the previous by PZT based OF-CEAS, has been achieved over the integration time of 200 s, even by use of a cavity with moderate finesse of 2850.
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3
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Tian J, Zhao G, Fleisher AJ, Ma W, Jia S. Optical feedback linear cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:26831-26840. [PMID: 34615110 PMCID: PMC9983294 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A simple and universal technique for performing optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy with a linear Fabry-Pérot cavity is presented. We demonstrate through both theoretical analysis and experiment that a diode laser can be sequentially stabilized to a series of cavity modes without any influence from the direct reflection if the feedback phase is appropriately controlled. With robust handling of the feedback phase and help from balanced detection, a detection limit of 1.3 × 10-9 cm-1 was achieved in an integration time of 30 s. The spectrometer performance enabled precision monitoring of atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations over a time period of 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics & Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics & Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Adam J. Fleisher
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Weiguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics & Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics & Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
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4
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A Short Review of Cavity-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Gas Analysis. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051698. [PMID: 33801211 PMCID: PMC7957899 DOI: 10.3390/s21051698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The market of gas sensors is mainly governed by electrochemical, semiconductor, and non-dispersive infrared absorption (NDIR)-based optical sensors. Despite offering a wide range of detectable gases, unknown gas mixtures can be challenging to these sensor types, as appropriate combinations of sensors need to be chosen beforehand, also reducing cross-talk between them. As an optical alternative, Raman spectroscopy can be used, as, in principle, no prior knowledge is needed, covering nearly all gas compounds. Yet, it has the disadvantage of a low quantum yield through a low scattering cross section for gases. There have been various efforts to circumvent this issue by enhancing the Raman yield through different methods. For gases, in particular, cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy shows promising results. Here, cavities can be used to enhance the laser beam power, allowing higher laser beam-analyte interaction lengths, while also providing the opportunity to utilize lower cost equipment. In this work, we review cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, particularly the general research interest into this topic, common setups, and already achieved resolutions.
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5
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Daniyal Ghauri M, Zajif Hussain S, Ullah U, Armaghan Ayaz RM, Saleem RSZ, Kiraz A, Cheema MI. Detection of aflatoxin M1 by fiber cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:3873-3881. [PMID: 33770977 DOI: 10.1364/oe.408975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a carcinogenic compound commonly found in milk in excess of the WHO permissible limit, especially in developing countries. Currently, state-of-the-art tests for detecting AFM1 in milk include chromatographic systems and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assays. Although these tests provide fair accuracy and sensitivity, they require trained laboratory personnel, expensive infrastructure, and many hours to produce final results. Optical sensors leveraging spectroscopy have a tremendous potential of providing an accurate, real-time, and specialist-free AFM1 detector. Despite this, AFM1 sensing demonstrations using optical spectroscopy are still immature. Here, we demonstrate an optical sensor that employs the principle of cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy in optical fiber cavities for rapid AFM1 detection in aqueous solutions at 1550 nm. The sensor constitutes a cavity built by two fiber Bragg gratings. We splice a tapered fiber of < 10 μm waist inside the cavity as a sensing head. For ensuring specific binding of AFM1 in a solution, the tapered fiber is functionalized with DNA aptamers followed by validation of the conjugation via FTIR, TGA, and EDX analyses. We then detect AFM1 in a solution by measuring the phase shift between a sinusoidally modulated laser input and the sensor output at resonant frequencies of the cavity. Our results show that the sensor has the detection limit of 20 ng/L (20 ppt), which is well below both the U.S. and the European safety regulations. We anticipate that the present work will lead towards a rapid and accurate AFM1 sensor, especially for low-resource settings.
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Fujiya W, Furukawa Y, Sugahara H, Koike M, Bajo KI, Chabot NL, Miura YN, Moynier F, Russell SS, Tachibana S, Takano Y, Usui T, Zolensky ME. Analytical protocols for Phobos regolith samples returned by the Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission. EARTH, PLANETS, AND SPACE : EPS 2021; 73:120. [PMID: 34776735 PMCID: PMC8550573 DOI: 10.1186/s40623-021-01438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) will launch a spacecraft in 2024 for a sample return mission from Phobos (Martian Moons eXploration: MMX). Touchdown operations are planned to be performed twice at different landing sites on the Phobos surface to collect > 10 g of the Phobos surface materials with coring and pneumatic sampling systems on board. The Sample Analysis Working Team (SAWT) of MMX is now designing analytical protocols of the returned Phobos samples to shed light on the origin of the Martian moons as well as the evolution of the Mars-moon system. Observations of petrology and mineralogy, and measurements of bulk chemical compositions and stable isotopic ratios of, e.g., O, Cr, Ti, and Zn can provide crucial information about the origin of Phobos. If Phobos is a captured asteroid composed of primitive chondritic materials, as inferred from its reflectance spectra, geochemical data including the nature of organic matter as well as bulk H and N isotopic compositions characterize the volatile materials in the samples and constrain the type of the captured asteroid. Cosmogenic and solar wind components, most pronounced in noble gas isotopic compositions, can reveal surface processes on Phobos. Long- and short-lived radionuclide chronometry such as 53Mn-53Cr and 87Rb-87Sr systematics can date pivotal events like impacts, thermal metamorphism, and aqueous alteration on Phobos. It should be noted that the Phobos regolith is expected to contain a small amount of materials delivered from Mars, which may be physically and chemically different from any Martian meteorites in our collection and thus are particularly precious. The analysis plan will be designed to detect such Martian materials, if any, from the returned samples dominated by the endogenous Phobos materials in curation procedures at JAXA before they are processed for further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Fujiya
- Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Furukawa
- Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
| | - Haruna Sugahara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
| | - Mizuho Koike
- Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Bajo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, N10W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Nancy L. Chabot
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
| | - Yayoi N. Miura
- Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032 Japan
| | - Frederic Moynier
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sara S. Russell
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Shogo Tachibana
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
- UTOPS, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takano
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, 237-0061 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Usui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 Japan
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7
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Gil J, Kim J, Lee M, Lee G, An J, Lee D, Jung J, Cho S, Whitehill A, Szykman J, Lee J. Characteristics of HONO and its impact on O 3 formation in the Seoul Metropolitan Area during the Korea-US Air Quality Study. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2021; 247:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118182. [PMID: 33746556 PMCID: PMC7970509 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photolysis of nitrous acid (HONO) is recognized as an early-morning source of OH radicals in the urban air. During the Korea-US air quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign, HONO was measured using quantum cascade - tunable infrared laser differential absorption spectrometer (QC-TILDAS) at Olympic Park in Seoul from 17 May, 2016 to 14 June, 2016. The HONO concentration was in the range of 0.07-3.46 ppbv, with an average of 0.93 ppbv. Moreover, it remained high from 00:00-05:00 LST. During this time, the mean concentration was higher during the high-O3 episodes (1.82 ppbv) than the non-episodes (1.20 ppbv). In the morning, the OH radicals that were produced from HONO photolysis were 50% higher (0.95 pptv) during the high-O3 episodes than the non-episodes. Diurnal variations in HOx and O3 concentrations were simulated by the F0AM model, which revealed a difference of ~20 ppbv in the daily maximum O3 concentrations between the high-O3 episodes and non-episodes. Furthermore, the HONO concentration increased with an increase in relative humidity (RH) up to 80%; the highest HONO was associated with the top 10% NO2 in each RH group, confirming that NO2 is one of the main precursors of HONO. At night, the conversion ratio of NO2 to HONO was estimated to be 0.88×10-2 h-1; this ratio was found to increase with an increase in RH. The Aitken mode particles (30-120 nm), which act as catalyst surfaces, exhibited a similar tendency with a conversion ratio that increased along with RH, indicating the coupling of surfaces with HONO conversion. Using an artificial neural network (ANN) model, HONO concentrations were successfully simulated with measured variables (r2 = 0.66 as an average of five models). Among these variables, NOx, aerosol surface area, and RH were found to be the main factors affecting the ambient HONO concentrations. The results reveal that RH facilitates the conversion of NO2 to HONO by constraining the availability of aerosol surfaces. This study demonstrates the coupling of HONO with the HOx-O3 cycle in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) and provides practical evidence of the heterogeneous formation of HONO by employing the ANN model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsu Gil
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Meehye Lee
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gangwoong Lee
- Department of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Joonyeong An
- National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon, South Korea
| | - Dongsoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinsang Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seogju Cho
- Seoul Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andrew Whitehill
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, USA
| | - James Szykman
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, USA
| | - Jeonghoon Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, South Korea
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8
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Árendás P, Furtenbacher T, Császár AG. From bridges to cycles in spectroscopic networks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19489. [PMID: 33173133 PMCID: PMC7655857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic networks provide a particularly useful representation of observed rovibronic transitions of molecules, as well as of related quantum states, whereby the states form a set of vertices connected by the measured transitions forming a set of edges. Among their several uses, SNs offer a practical framework to assess data in line-by-line spectroscopic databases. They can be utilized to help detect flawed transition entries. Methods which achieve this validation work for transitions taking part in at least one cycle in a measured spectroscopic network but they do not work for bridges. The concept of two-edge-connectivity of graph theory, introduced here to high-resolution spectroscopy, offers an elegant approach that facilitates putting the maximum number of bridges, if not all, into at least one cycle. An algorithmic solution is shown how to augment an existing spectroscopic network with a minimum number of new spectroscopic measurements selected according to well-defined guidelines. In relation to this, two metrics are introduced, ranking measurements based on their utility toward achieving the goal of two-edge-connectivity. Utility of the new concepts are demonstrated on spectroscopic data of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^{14} {\text {NH}}_3$$\end{document}14NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Árendás
- Budapest Business School, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - T Furtenbacher
- MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A G Császár
- MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, Budapest, Hungary. .,Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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9
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Yuan F, Hu M, He Y, Chen B, Yao L, Xu Z, Kan R. Development of an in situ analysis system for methane dissolved in seawater based on cavity ringdown spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:083106. [PMID: 32872969 DOI: 10.1063/5.0004742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of a compact in situ real-time concentration analysis system for methane dissolved in seawater by using a continuous-wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. The miniaturized design of the system, including optical resonance cavity and control and data acquisition-analysis electronics, has a cylindrical dimension of 550 mm in length and 100 mm in diameter. Ringdown signal generation, data acquisition and storage, current driver, and temperature controller of the diode laser are all integrated in the miniaturized system circuits, with an electrical power consumption of less than 12 W. Fitting algorithms of the ringdown signal and spectral line are implemented in a digital signal processor, which is the main control chip of the system circuit. The detection sensitivity for methane concentration can reach 0.4 ppbv with an approximate averaging time of 240 s (or 4 min). Comparing the system's measurement of ambient air against a high-quality commercial CRDS instrument has demonstrated a good agreement in results. In addition, as a "proof of concept" for measuring dissolved methane, the developed instrument was tested in an actual underwater environment. The results showed the potential of this miniaturized portable instrument for in situ gas sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Mai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yabai He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ruifeng Kan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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10
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Matsumoto Y, Honma K. IR Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory for Jet-Cooled Pyrrole–Cyclopentanone Binary Clusters: Effect of Pseudorotation on N—H···O═C Hydrogen Bonds. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2436-2448. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kenji Honma
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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11
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Hemberger P, van Bokhoven JA, Pérez-Ramírez J, Bodi A. New analytical tools for advanced mechanistic studies in catalysis: photoionization and photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
How can we detect reactive and elusive intermediates in catalysis to unveil reaction mechanisms? In this mini review, we discuss novel photoionization tools to support this quest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- CH-5232 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- CH-5232 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- CH-5232 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
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12
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Jiang S, Kong X, Wang C, Zang X, Su M, Zheng H, Zhang B, Li G, Xie H, Yang X, Liu Z, Liu Z, Jiang L. Infrared Spectroscopy of Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions in Neutral Dimethylamine–Methanol Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10109-10115. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shukang Jiang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road,
Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangtao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyu Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingzhi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huijun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road,
Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhiling Liu
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University, No. 1, Gongyuan Street, Linfen 041004, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, No.10, 2nd Yuexing Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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Zhao G, Hausmaninger T, Schmidt FM, Ma W, Axner O. High-resolution trace gas detection by sub-Doppler noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectrometry: application to detection of acetylene in human breath. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:17940-17953. [PMID: 31252745 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive high-resolution sub-Doppler detecting spectrometer, based on noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectrometry (NICE-OHMS), for trace gas detection of species whose transitions have severe spectral overlap with abundant concomitant species is presented. It is designed around a NICE-OHMS instrumentation utilizing balanced detection that provides shot-noise limited Doppler-broadened (Db) detection. By synchronous dithering the positions of the two cavity mirrors, the effect of residual etalons between the cavity and other surfaces in the system could be reduced. An Allan deviation of the absorption coefficient of 2.2 × 10-13 cm-1 at 60 s, which, for the targeted transition in C2H2, corresponds to a 3σ detection sensitivity of 130 ppt, is demonstrated. It is shown that despite significant spectral interference from CO2 at the targeted transition, which precludes Db detection of C2H2, acetylene could be detected in exhaled breath of healthy smokers.
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14
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Zhang B, Huang QR, Jiang S, Chen LW, Hsu PJ, Wang C, Hao C, Kong X, Dai D, Yang X, Kuo JL, Jiang L. Infrared spectra of neutral dimethylamine clusters: An infrared-vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopic and anharmonic vibrational calculation study. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:064317. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5086095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian-Rui Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shukang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 319 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ce Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiangtao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dongxu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jer-Lai Kuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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15
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Li S, Zhu M, Yang W, Tang M, Huang X, Yu Y, Fang H, Yu X, Yu Q, Fu X, Song W, Zhang Y, Bi X, Wang X. Filter-based measurement of light absorption by brown carbon in PM 2.5 in a megacity in South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:1360-1369. [PMID: 29758888 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous aerosols represent an important nexus between air pollution and climate change. Here we collected filter-based PM2.5 samples during summer and autumn in 2015 at one urban and two rural sites in Guangzhou, a megacity in southern China, and got the light absorption by black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) resolved with a DRI Model 2015 multi-wavelength thermal/optical carbon analyzer apart from determining the organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) contents. On average BrC contributed 12-15% of the measured absorption at 405nm (LA405) during summer and 15-19% during autumn with significant increase in the LA405 by BrC at the rural sites. Carbonaceous aerosols, identified as total carbon (TC), yielded average mass absorption efficiency at 405nm (MAE405) that were approximately 45% higher in autumn than in summer, an 83% increase was noted in the average MAE405 for OC, compared with an increase of only 14% in the average MAE405 for EC. The LA405 by BrC showed a good correlation (p<0.001) with the ratios of secondary OC to PM2.5 in summer. However, this correlation was poor (p>0.1) in autumn, implying greater secondary formation of BrC in summer. The correlations between levoglucosan (a marker of biomass burning) and the LA405 by BrC were significant during autumn but insignificant during summer, suggesting that the observed increase in the LA405 by BrC during autumn in rural areas was largely related to biomass burning. The measurements of light absorption at 550nm presented in this study indicated that the use of the IMPROVE algorithm with an MAE value of 10m2/g for EC to approximate light absorption may be appropriate in areas not strongly affected by fossil fuel combustion; however, this practice would underestimate the absorption of light by PM2.5 in areas heavily affected by vehicle exhausts and coal burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingjin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xueliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuegang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hua Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxin Fu
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xinhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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16
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Xiang B, Ribeiro RF, Dunkelberger AD, Wang J, Li Y, Simpkins BS, Owrutsky JC, Yuen-Zhou J, Xiong W. Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy of vibrational polaritons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4845-4850. [PMID: 29674448 PMCID: PMC5948987 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722063115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report experimental 2D infrared (2D IR) spectra of coherent light-matter excitations--molecular vibrational polaritons. The application of advanced 2D IR spectroscopy to vibrational polaritons challenges and advances our understanding in both fields. First, the 2D IR spectra of polaritons differ drastically from free uncoupled excitations and a new interpretation is needed. Second, 2D IR uniquely resolves excitation of hybrid light-matter polaritons and unexpected dark states in a state-selective manner, revealing otherwise hidden interactions between them. Moreover, 2D IR signals highlight the impact of molecular anharmonicities which are applicable to virtually all molecular systems. A quantum-mechanical model is developed which incorporates both nuclear and electrical anharmonicities and provides the basis for interpreting this class of 2D IR spectra. This work lays the foundation for investigating phenomena of nonlinear photonics and chemistry of molecular vibrational polaritons which cannot be probed with traditional linear spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Raphael F Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Jiaxi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Yingmin Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Blake S Simpkins
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
| | | | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Wei Xiong
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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17
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Zhang BB, Kong XT, Jiang SK, Zhao Z, Xie H, Hao C, Dai DX, Yang XM, Jiang L. Infrared-Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of Neutral Trimethylamine Dimer. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/30/cjcp1711213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy and Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang-tao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy and Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shu-kang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy and Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy and Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy and Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ce Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Dong-xu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy and Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xue-ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy and Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy and Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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18
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Wang P, Hu Y, Zhan H, Chen J, Jin S, Song W, Li Y. Vibrational spectroscopy of the mass-selected tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol monomers and its dimers in gas phase using IR depletion and VUV single photon ionization. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 185:63-68. [PMID: 28544895 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA, C5H10O2) is a close chemical analog of the sugar rings present in the phosphate-deoxyribose backbone structure of the nucleic acids. In present report, the infrared (IR) spectra of the size-selected THFA monomer and its dimer have been investigated in a pulsed supersonic jet using infrared-vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) ionization. Herein, the laser light at 118nm wavelength served as the source of "soft" ionization in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The IR features for the monomers located at 3622cm-1 can be assigned to the intramolecular hydrogen bonding stretch vibrations mainly referring to A and C conformers. Compared with the monomer, however, characteristic peaks for the dimer centered at 3415 and 3453cm-1, red shifted 207 and 169cm-1, respectively, were associated with the intermolecular hydrogen bonding stretch vibrations. Combined with the quantum-chemical calculations, the dimer in the gas phase preferred cyclic AC conformer stabled by forming two strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which shown the high hydrogen bond selectivity in the cluster. The conclusions drawn from the role played in the conformational flexibility by the hydroxyl and ether groups may be extended to other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China.
| | - Huaqi Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
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19
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Matsumoto Y, Yoshiura R, Honma K. Identification of crystalline structures in jet-cooled acetylene large clusters studied by two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:044302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4994897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Ryuto Yoshiura
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Kenji Honma
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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20
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Lee YF, Kelterer AM, Matisz G, Kunsági-Máté S, Chung CY, Lee YP. Infrared absorption of methanol-water clusters (CH 3OH) n(H 2O), n = 1-4, recorded with the VUV-ionization/IR-depletion technique. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:144308. [PMID: 28411595 DOI: 10.1063/1.4979558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We recorded infrared (IR) spectra in the CH- and OH-stretching regions of size-selected clusters of methanol (M) with one water molecule (W), represented as MnW, n = 1-4, in a pulsed supersonic jet using the photoionization/IR-depletion technique. Vacuum ultraviolet emission at 118 nm served as the source of ionization in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to detect clusters MnW as protonated forms Mn-1WH+. The variations in intensities of Mn-1WH+ were monitored as the wavelength of the IR laser light was tuned across the range 2700-3800 cm-1. IR spectra of size-selected clusters were obtained on processing of the observed action spectra of the related cluster-ions according to a mechanism that takes into account the production and loss of each cluster due to IR photodissociation. Spectra of methanol-water clusters in the OH region show significant variations as the number of methanol molecules increases, whereas those in the CH region are similar for all clusters. Scaled harmonic vibrational wavenumbers and relative IR intensities predicted with the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ method for the methanol-water clusters are consistent with our experimental results. For dimers, absorption bands of a structure WM with H2O as a hydrogen-bond donor were observed at 3570, 3682, and 3722 cm-1, whereas weak bands of MW with methanol as a hydrogen-bond donor were observed at 3611 and 3753 cm-1. For M2W, the free OH band of H2O was observed at 3721 cm-1, whereas a broad feature was deconvoluted to three bands near 3425, 3472, and 3536 cm-1, corresponding to the three hydrogen-bonded OH-stretching modes in a cyclic structure. For M3W, the free OH shifted to 3715 cm-1, and the hydrogen-bonded OH-stretching bands became much broader, with a weak feature near 3179 cm-1 corresponding to the symmetric OH-stretching mode of a cyclic structure. For M4W, the observed spectrum agrees unsatisfactorily with predictions for the most stable cyclic structure, indicating significant contributions from branched isomers, which is distinctly different from M5 of which the cyclic form dominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gergely Matisz
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Chao-Yu Chung
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pern Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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21
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Launder AM, Turney JM, Agarwal J, Schaefer HF. Ethylperoxy radical: approaching spectroscopic accuracy via coupled-cluster theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:15715-15723. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02795h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly reliable ground and excited state properties of the conformers of ethylperoxy radical are predicted using coupled-cluster theory. This research has implications for future characterization of intermediates in tropospheric and low-temperature combustion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Launder
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
| | - Justin M. Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
| | - Jay Agarwal
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
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22
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Galewsky J, Steen-Larsen HC, Field RD, Worden J, Risi C, Schneider M. Stable isotopes in atmospheric water vapor and applications to the hydrologic cycle. REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 1985) 2016; 54:809-865. [PMID: 32661517 PMCID: PMC7357203 DOI: 10.1002/2015rg000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The measurement and simulation of water vapor isotopic composition has matured rapidly over the last decade, with long-term datasets and comprehensive modeling capabilities now available. Theories for water vapor isotopic composition have been developed by extending the theories that have been used for the isotopic composition of precipitation to include a more nuanced understanding of evaporation, large-scale mixing, deep convection, and kinetic fractionation. The technologies for in-situ and remote sensing measurements of water vapor isotopic composition have developed especially rapidly over the last decade, with discrete water vapor sampling methods, based on mass spectroscopy, giving way to laser spectroscopic methods and satellite- and ground-based infrared absorption techniques. The simulation of water vapor isotopic composition has evolved from General Circulation Model (GCM) methods for simulating precipitation isotopic composition to sophisticated isotope-enabled microphysics schemes using higher-order moments for water- and ice-size distributions. The incorporation of isotopes into GCMs has enabled more detailed diagnostics of the water cycle and has led to improvements in its simulation. The combination of improved measurement and modeling of water vapor isotopic composition opens the door to new advances in our understanding of the atmospheric water cycle, in processes ranging from the marine boundary layer, through deep convection and tropospheric mixing, and into the water cycle of the stratosphere. Finally, studies of the processes governing modern water vapor isotopic composition provide an improved framework for the interpretation of paleoclimate proxy records of the hydrological cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Galewsky
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Robert D Field
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Worden
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Camille Risi
- Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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23
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Nemchick DJ, Cohen MK, Vaccaro PH. Dual hydrogen-bonding motifs in complexes formed between tropolone and formic acid. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:204303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4967253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deacon J. Nemchick
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
| | - Michael K. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
| | - Patrick H. Vaccaro
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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24
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Karpf A, Qiao Y, Rao GN. Ultrasensitive, real-time trace gas detection using a high-power, multimode diode laser and cavity ringdown spectroscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:4497-4504. [PMID: 27411209 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.004497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a simplified cavity ringdown (CRD) trace gas detection technique that is insensitive to vibration, and capable of extremely sensitive, real-time absorption measurements. A high-power, multimode Fabry-Perot (FP) diode laser with a broad wavelength range (Δλlaser∼0.6 nm) is used to excite a large number of cavity modes, thereby reducing the detector's susceptibility to vibration and making it well suited for field deployment. When detecting molecular species with broad absorption features (Δλabsorption≫Δλlaser), the laser's broad linewidth removes the need for precision wavelength stabilization. The laser's power and broad linewidth allow the use of on-axis cavity alignment, improving the signal-to-noise ratio while maintaining its vibration insensitivity. The use of an FP diode laser has the added advantages of being inexpensive, compact, and insensitive to vibration. The technique was demonstrated using a 1.1 W (λ=400 nm) diode laser to measure low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in zero air. A sensitivity of 38 parts in 1012 (ppt) was achieved using an integration time of 128 ms; for single-shot detection, 530 ppt sensitivity was demonstrated with a measurement time of 60 μs, which opens the door to sensitive measurements with extremely high temporal resolution; to the best of our knowledge, these are the highest speed measurements of NO2 concentration using CRD spectroscopy. The reduced susceptibility to vibration was demonstrated by introducing small vibrations into the apparatus and observing that there was no measurable effect on the sensitivity of detection.
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25
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De A, Banik GD, Maity A, Pal M, Pradhan M. Continuous wave external-cavity quantum cascade laser-based high-resolution cavity ring-down spectrometer for ultrasensitive trace gas detection. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:1949-1952. [PMID: 27128046 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.001949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A high-resolution cavity ring-down spectroscopic (CRDS) system based on a continuous wave (cw) mode-hop-free (MHF) external-cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL) operating at λ∼5.2 μm has been developed for ultrasensitive detection of nitric oxide (NO). We report the performance of the high-resolution EC-QCL based cw-CRDS instrument by measuring the rotationally resolved Λ-doublet e and f components of the P(7.5) line in the fundamental band of NO at 1850.169 cm-1 and 1850.179 cm-1. A noise-equivalent absorption coefficient of 1.01×10-9 cm-1 Hz-1/2 was achieved based on an empty cavity ring-down time of τ0=5.6 μs and standard deviation of 0.11% with averaging of six ring-down time determinations. The CRDS sensor demonstrates the advantages of measuring parts per billion NO concentrations in N2, as well as in human breath samples with ultrahigh sensitivity and specificity. The CRDS system could also be generalized to measure simultaneously many other trace molecular species within the broad tuning range of cw EC-QCL, as well as for studying the rotationally resolved hyperfine structures.
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McHale LE, Hecobian A, Yalin AP. Open-path cavity ring-down spectroscopy for trace gas measurements in ambient air. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:5523-5535. [PMID: 29092375 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.005523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work used a near-infrared methane cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) sensor to examine performance and limitations of open-path CRDS for atmospheric measurements. A simple purge-enclosure was developed to maintain high mirror reflectivity and allowed >100 hours of operation with mirror reflectivity above 0.99996. We characterized effects of aerosols on ring-down decay signals and found the dominant effect to be fluctuations by large super-micron particles. Simple software filtering approaches were developed to combat these fluctuations allowing noise-equivalent sensitivity of ~6x10-10 cm-1HJ Hz-1/2 within a factor of ~3 of closed-path systems (based on stability of the absorption baseline). Sensor measurements were validated against known methane concentrations in a closed-path configuration, while open-path validation was performed by side-by-side comparison with a commercial closed-path system.
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Douin S, Gronowski M, Lamarre N, Phung VT, Boyé-Péronne S, Crépin C, Kołos R. Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy Measurements for High-Overtone Vibrational Bands of HC 3N. J Phys Chem A 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Douin
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Marcin Gronowski
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka
44, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicolas Lamarre
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Viet-Tiep Phung
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Séverine Boyé-Péronne
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Claudine Crépin
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Robert Kołos
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka
44, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Mitchell GW, Guglielmo CG, Hobson KA. Measurement of Whole-Body CO2 Production in Birds Using Real-Time Laser-Derived Measurements of Hydrogen (δ(2)H) and Oxygen (δ(18)O) Isotope Concentrations in Water Vapor from Breath. Physiol Biochem Zool 2015; 88:599-606. [PMID: 26658408 DOI: 10.1086/683013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The doubly labeled water (DLW) method is commonly used to measure energy expenditure in free-living wildlife and humans. However, DLW studies involving animals typically require three blood samples, which can affect behavior and well-being. Moreover, measurement of H (δ(2)H) and O (δ(18)O) isotope concentrations in H2O derived from blood using conventional isotope ratio mass spectrometry is technically demanding, time-consuming, and often expensive. A novel technique that would avoid these constraints is the real-time measurement of δ(2)H and δ(18)O in the H2O vapor of exhaled breath using cavity ring-down (CRD) spectrometry, provided that δ(2)H and δ(18)O from body H2O and breath were well correlated. Here, we conducted a validation study with CRD spectrometry involving five zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), five brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and five European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), where we compared δ(2)H, δ(18)O, and rCO2 (rate of CO2 production) estimates from breath with those from blood. Isotope concentrations from blood were validated by comparing dilution-space estimates with measurements of total body water (TBW) obtained from quantitative magnetic resonance. Isotope dilution-space estimates from δ(2)H and δ(18)O values in the blood were similar to and strongly correlated with TBW measurements (R(2) = 0.99). The (2)H and (18)O (ppm) in breath and blood were also highly correlated (R(2) = 0.99 and 0.98, respectively); however, isotope concentrations in breath were always less enriched than those in blood and slightly higher than expected, given assumed fractionation values between blood and breath. Overall, rCO2 measurements from breath were strongly correlated with those from the blood (R(2) = 0.90). We suggest that this technique will find wide application in studies of animal and human energetics in the field and laboratory. We also provide suggestions for ways this technique could be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Mitchell
- Advanced Facility for Avian Research, Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; 2National Wildlife Research Centre, Wildlife Research Division, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 3National Hydrology Research Centre, Wildlife Research Division, Environment Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Dupré P. Photodissociation resonances of jet-cooled NO2 at the dissociation threshold by CW-CRDS. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:174305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4919093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Moise T, Flores JM, Rudich Y. Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosols and Their Changes by Chemical Processes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4400-39. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Moise
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - J. Michel Flores
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Chen BJ, Tsai PY, Huang TK, Xia ZH, Lin KC, Chiou CJ, Sun BJ, Chang AHH. Characterization of molecular channel in photodissociation of SOCl2 at 248 nm: Cl2 probing by cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:7838-47. [PMID: 25715942 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp06043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A primary elimination channel of the chlorine molecule in the one-photon dissociation of SOCl2 at 248 nm was investigated using cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy (CRDS). By means of spectral simulation, the ratio of the vibrational population in the v = 0, 1, and 2 levels was evaluated to be 1 : (0.10 ± 0.02) : (0.009 ± 0.005), corresponding to a Boltzmann vibrational temperature of 340 ± 30 K. The Cl2 molecular channel was obtained with a quantum yield of 0.4 ± 0.2 from the X(1)A' ground state of SOCl2via internal conversion. The dissociation mechanism differs from a prior study where a smaller yield of <3% was obtained, initiated from the 2(1)A' excited state. Temperature-dependence measurements of the Cl2 fragment turn out to support our mechanism. With the aid of ab initio potential energy calculations, two dissociation routes to the molecular products were found, including one synchronous dissociation pathway via a three-center transition state (TS) and the other sequential dissociation pathway via a roaming-mediated isomerization TS. The latter mechanism with a lower energy barrier dominates the dissociation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Jung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lin KC, Tsai PY. Molecular halogen elimination from halogen-containing compounds in the atmosphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:7184-98. [PMID: 24622955 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54828g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric halogen chemistry has drawn much attention, because the halogen atom (X) playing a catalytic role may cause severe stratospheric ozone depletion. Atomic X elimination from X-containing hydrocarbons is recognized as the major primary dissociation process upon UV-light irradiation, whereas direct elimination of the X2 product has been seldom discussed or remained a controversial issue. This account is intended to review the detection of X2 primary products using cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy in the photolysis at 248 nm of a variety of X-containing compounds, focusing on bromomethanes (CH2Br2, CF2Br2, CHBr2Cl, and CHBr3), dibromoethanes (1,1-C2H4Br2 and 1,2-C2H4Br2) and dibromoethylenes (1,1-C2H2Br2 and 1,2-C2H2Br2), diiodomethane (CH2I2), thionyl chloride (SOCl2), and sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2), along with a brief discussion on acyl bromides (BrCOCOBr and CH2BrCOBr). The optical spectra, quantum yields, and vibrational population distributions of the X2 fragments have been characterized, especially for Br2 and I2. With the aid of ab initio calculations of potential energies and rate constants, the detailed photodissociation mechanisms may be comprehended. Such studies are fundamentally important to gain insight into the dissociation dynamics and may also practically help to assess the halogen-related environmental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- King-Chuen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Leen JB, O'Keefe A. Optical re-injection in cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:093101. [PMID: 25273701 PMCID: PMC4156580 DOI: 10.1063/1.4893972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-mode-matched cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometry (e.g., cavity ringdown spectroscopy and integrated cavity output spectroscopy) is commonly used for the ultrasensitive detection of trace gases. These techniques are attractive for their simplicity and robustness, but their performance may be limited by the reflection of light from the front mirror and the resulting low optical transmission. Although this low transmitted power can sometimes be overcome with higher power lasers and lower noise detectors (e.g., in the near-infrared), many regimes exist where the available light intensity or photodetector sensitivity limits instrument performance (e.g., in the mid-infrared). In this article, we describe a method of repeatedly re-injecting light reflected off the front mirror of the optical cavity to boost the cavity's circulating power and deliver more light to the photodetector and thus increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the absorption measurement. We model and experimentally demonstrate the method's performance using off-axis cavity ringdown spectroscopy (OA-CRDS) with a broadly tunable external cavity quantum cascade laser. The power coupled through the cavity to the detector is increased by a factor of 22.5. The cavity loss is measured with a precision of 2 × 10(-10) cm(-1)/√Hz; an increase of 12 times over the standard off-axis configuration without reinjection and comparable to the best reported sensitivities in the mid-infrared. Finally, the re-injected CRDS system is used to measure the spectrum of several volatile organic compounds, demonstrating the improved ability to resolve weakly absorbing spectroscopic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brian Leen
- Los Gatos Research, 67 E. Evelyn Avenue, Suite 3, Mountain View, California 94041, USA
| | - Anthony O'Keefe
- Los Gatos Research, 67 E. Evelyn Avenue, Suite 3, Mountain View, California 94041, USA
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Mei L, Somesfalean G, Svanberg S. Pathlength determination for gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy. SENSORS 2014; 14:3871-90. [PMID: 24573311 PMCID: PMC4003920 DOI: 10.3390/s140303871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) has been extensively studied and applied during recent years in, e.g., food packaging, human sinus monitoring, gas diffusion studies, and pharmaceutical tablet characterization. The focus has been on the evaluation of the gas absorption pathlength in porous media, which a priori is unknown due to heavy light scattering. In this paper, three different approaches are summarized. One possibility is to simultaneously monitor another gas with known concentration (e.g., water vapor), the pathlength of which can then be obtained and used for the target gas (e.g., oxygen) to retrieve its concentration. The second approach is to measure the mean optical pathlength or physical pathlength with other methods, including time-of-flight spectroscopy, frequency-modulated light scattering interferometry and the frequency domain photon migration method. By utilizing these methods, an average concentration can be obtained and the porosities of the material are studied. The last method retrieves the gas concentration without knowing its pathlength by analyzing the gas absorption line shape, which depends upon the concentration of buffer gases due to intermolecular collisions. The pathlength enhancement effect due to multiple scattering enables also the use of porous media as multipass gas cells for trace gas monitoring. All these efforts open up a multitude of different applications for the GASMAS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Mei
- Physics Department, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Sune Svanberg
- Physics Department, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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Jouy P, Mangold M, Tuzson B, Emmenegger L, Chang YC, Hvozdara L, Herzig HP, Wägli P, Homsy A, de Rooij NF, Wirthmueller A, Hofstetter D, Looser H, Faist J. Mid-infrared spectroscopy for gases and liquids based on quantum cascade technologies. Analyst 2014; 139:2039-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01462b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Measurement of aerosol optical extinction using diode laser cavity ringdown spectroscopy. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rasheed A, Curtis DB. Note: a latched comparator circuit for triggering continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:066109. [PMID: 23822396 DOI: 10.1063/1.4811846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy offers several advantages over cavity ring-down spectroscopy with a pulsed laser, such as a higher repetition rate and decreased cost. However, the continuous-wave technique requires a more complicated experimental setup because the laser must be switched off rapidly when the intensity is high in order to observe a ring-down event. This note describes an inexpensive and simple latched comparator circuit that can be used to detect light intensity above a threshold value and send a signal to rapidly steer the beam out of the cavity and initiate a ring-down event. The latch eliminates switching noise by preventing the comparator from switching during the ring-down event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330-8262, USA
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Hlavacek NC, McAnally MO, Drucker S. Lowest triplet (n, π*) electronic state of acrolein: determination of structural parameters by cavity ringdown spectroscopy and quantum-chemical methods. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:064303. [PMID: 23425467 DOI: 10.1063/1.4789793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cavity ringdown absorption spectrum of acrolein (propenal, CH(2)=CH-CH=O) was recorded near 412 nm, under bulk-gas conditions at room temperature and in a free-jet expansion. The measured spectral region includes the 0(0)(0) band of the T(1)(n, π*) ← S(0) system. We analyzed the 0(0)(0) rotational contour by using the STROTA computer program [R. H. Judge et al., J. Chem. Phys. 103, 5343 (1995)], which incorporates an asymmetric rotor Hamiltonian for simulating and fitting singlet-triplet spectra. We used the program to fit T(1)(n, π*) inertial constants to the room-temperature contour. The determined values (cm(-1)), with 2σ confidence intervals, are A = 1.662 ± 0.003, B = 0.1485 ± 0.0006, C = 0.1363 ± 0.0004. Linewidth analysis of the jet-cooled spectrum yielded a value of 14 ± 2 ps for the lifetime of isolated acrolein molecules in the T(1)(n, π*), v = 0 state. We discuss the observed lifetime in the context of previous computational work on acrolein photochemistry. The spectroscopically derived inertial constants for the T(1)(n, π*) state were used to benchmark a variety of computational methods. One focus was on complete active space methods, such as complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and second-order perturbation theory with a CASSCF reference function (CASPT2), which are applicable to excited states. We also examined the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster and time-dependent density function theory excited-state methods, and finally unrestricted ground-state techniques, including unrestricted density functional theory and unrestricted coupled-cluster theory with single and double and perturbative triple excitations. For each of the above methods, we or others [O. S. Bokareva et al., Int. J. Quantum Chem. 108, 2719 (2008)] used a triple zeta-quality basis set to optimize the T(1)(n, π*) geometry of acrolein. We find that the multiconfigurational methods provide the best agreement with fitted inertial constants, while the economical unrestricted Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation hybrid functional (UPBE0) technique performs nearly as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus C Hlavacek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702-4004, USA
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41
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Fu L, Han HL, Lee YP. Infrared absorption of methanethiol clusters (CH3SH)n, n = 2–5, recorded with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer using IR depletion and VUV ionization. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:234307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4770227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rushworth CM, Davies J, Cabral JT, Dolan PR, Smith JM, Vallance C. Cavity-enhanced optical methods for online microfluidic analysis. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tanner CM, Quack M. Reinvestigation of the ν2 + 2ν3subband in the overtone icosad of12CH4using cavity ring-down (CRD) spectroscopy of a supersonic jet expansion. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.702934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Flemmer MM, Ham JE. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy with an automated control feedback system for investigating nitrate radical surface chemistry reactions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:085103. [PMID: 22938328 PMCID: PMC4643663 DOI: 10.1063/1.4739768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate radical (NO(3)(●)) surface chemistry of indoor environments has not been well studied due to the difficulty in generating and maintaining NO(3)(●) at low concentrations for long term exposures. This article presents the Surface Chemistry Reactant Air Delivery and Experiment System (SCRADES), a novel feedback controlled system developed to deliver nitrate radicals at specified concentrations (50-500 ppt, ±30 ppt) and flow rates (500-2000 ml min(-1)) to a variety of indoor surfaces to initiate reaction chemistry for periods of up to 72 h. The system uses a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS), with a detection limit of 1.7 ppt, to measure the concentration of NO(3)(●) supplied to a 24 l experiment chamber. Nitrate radicals are introduced via thermal decomposition of N(2)O(5) and diluted with clean dry air until the desired concentration is achieved. Additionally, this article addresses details concerning NO(3)(●) loss through the system, consistency of the NO(3)(●) concentration delivered, and stability of the CRDS cavity over long exposure durations (72 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Flemmer
- Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA
| | - Jason E. Ham
- Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA
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Abstract
Abstract
The HO2 radical is one of the most important intermediate species in atmospheric chemistry. We report on the development of a new photoreactor with first in-situ measurement of HO2 radical photostationary concentrations using continuous wave cavity ring-down spectrometry (cw-CRDS). Characterization of the actinic photon flux was carried out by NO2 actinometry. Photolysis of Cl2/methanol mixtures in air under UV light allowed the measurement of HO2 photostationary concentrations of a few 1010 molecules cm-3 with an HO2 detection limit of 1.5 × 1010 molecules cm-3 at 6638.207 cm-1. The feasibility of HO2 direct measurement in a reaction chamber is demonstrated through the measurement of the HO2 overall loss at different pressures showing the importance of HO2 diffusion and wall loss in such low pressure quartz reactor. The rate coefficient for the HO2+HO2 reaction has been measured at 6.6, 24 and 118 mbar and found to be in good agreement with the recommended value.
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Han HL, Camacho C, Witek HA, Lee YP. Infrared absorption of methanol clusters (CH3OH)n with n = 2−6 recorded with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer using infrared depletion and vacuum-ultraviolet ionization. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:144309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3572225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Mantha JH, Ismail AI, Cline JI. Polarized normal-incidence cavity ring-down spectroscopy: probing spiropyran photochromism in thin PMMA films and toluene. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:410-8. [PMID: 21210692 DOI: 10.1021/jp105474c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A normal-incidence geometry, polarization-resolved cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique (polarized NICRDS) is described to probe the polarized absorbance of surface-adsorbed thin films and short-path length liquid samples. The technique is demonstrated by a kinetic study of the photochromic behavior of the spiropyran dye 6,8-dibromo-1', 3'-dihydro-1', 3', 3'-trimethylspiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2, 2'-(2H)-indole]. The technique is shown potentially to have monolayer coverage sensitivity and can measure the angular orientation distribution of analyte molecules. The photochromic kinetics of 6,8-dibromoBIPS in toluene solution were qualitatively consistent with a previous study of this molecule using conventional absorption spectroscopy. The absorption polarizations and slow ring-closing kinetics measured in a thin poly(methyl methacrylate) film are consistent with a strong interaction of the spiropyran and merocyanine forms with the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan H Mantha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, USA
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