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Takaba K, Friedman AJ, Cavender CE, Behara PK, Pulido I, Henry MM, MacDermott-Opeskin H, Iacovella CR, Nagle AM, Payne AM, Shirts MR, Mobley DL, Chodera JD, Wang Y. Machine-learned molecular mechanics force fields from large-scale quantum chemical data. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12861-12878. [PMID: 39148808 PMCID: PMC11322960 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of reliable and extensible molecular mechanics (MM) force fields-fast, empirical models characterizing the potential energy surface of molecular systems-is indispensable for biomolecular simulation and computer-aided drug design. Here, we introduce a generalized and extensible machine-learned MM force field, espaloma-0.3, and an end-to-end differentiable framework using graph neural networks to overcome the limitations of traditional rule-based methods. Trained in a single GPU-day to fit a large and diverse quantum chemical dataset of over 1.1 M energy and force calculations, espaloma-0.3 reproduces quantum chemical energetic properties of chemical domains highly relevant to drug discovery, including small molecules, peptides, and nucleic acids. Moreover, this force field maintains the quantum chemical energy-minimized geometries of small molecules and preserves the condensed phase properties of peptides and folded proteins, self-consistently parametrizing proteins and ligands to produce stable simulations leading to highly accurate predictions of binding free energies. This methodology demonstrates significant promise as a path forward for systematically building more accurate force fields that are easily extensible to new chemical domains of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Takaba
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY 10065 USA
- Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Advanced Drug Discovery, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation Shizuoka 410-2321 Japan
| | - Anika J Friedman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Chapin E Cavender
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Pavan Kumar Behara
- Center for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Iván Pulido
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Michael M Henry
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY 10065 USA
| | | | - Christopher R Iacovella
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Arnav M Nagle
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY 10065 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Alexander Matthew Payne
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY 10065 USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York 10065 USA
| | - Michael R Shirts
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - David L Mobley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - John D Chodera
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Yuanqing Wang
- Simons Center for Computational Physical Chemistry and Center for Data Science, New York University New York NY 10004 USA
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY 10065 USA
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2
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Castelli M, Marchetti F, Osuna S, F. Oliveira AS, Mulholland AJ, Serapian SA, Colombo G. Decrypting Allostery in Membrane-Bound K-Ras4B Using Complementary In Silico Approaches Based on Unbiased Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:901-919. [PMID: 38116743 PMCID: PMC10785808 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein functions are dynamically regulated by allostery, which enables conformational communication even between faraway residues, and expresses itself in many forms, akin to different "languages": allosteric control pathways predominating in an unperturbed protein are often unintuitively reshaped whenever biochemical perturbations arise (e.g., mutations). To accurately model allostery, unbiased molecular dynamics (MD) simulations require integration with a reliable method able to, e.g., detect incipient allosteric changes or likely perturbation pathways; this is because allostery can operate at longer time scales than those accessible by plain MD. Such methods are typically applied singularly, but we here argue their joint application─as a "multilingual" approach─could work significantly better. We successfully prove this through unbiased MD simulations (∼100 μs) of the widely studied, allosterically active oncotarget K-Ras4B, solvated and embedded in a phospholipid membrane, from which we decrypt allostery using four showcase "languages": Distance Fluctuation analysis and the Shortest Path Map capture allosteric hotspots at equilibrium; Anisotropic Thermal Diffusion and Dynamical Non-Equilibrium MD simulations assess perturbations upon, respectively, either superheating or hydrolyzing the GTP that oncogenically activates K-Ras4B. Chosen "languages" work synergistically, providing an articulate, mutually coherent, experimentally consistent picture of K-Ras4B allostery, whereby distinct traits emerge at equilibrium and upon GTP cleavage. At equilibrium, combined evidence confirms prominent allosteric communication from the membrane-embedded hypervariable region, through a hub comprising helix α5 and sheet β5, and up to the active site, encompassing allosteric "switches" I and II (marginally), and two proposed pockets. Upon GTP cleavage, allosteric perturbations mostly accumulate on the switches and documented interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Castelli
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale T. Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Filippo Marchetti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale T. Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- INSTM, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- E4
Computer Engineering, via Martiri delle libertà 66, 42019 Scandiano (RE), Italy
| | - Sílvia Osuna
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Catalonia E-17071, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Catalonia E-08010, Spain
| | - A. Sofia F. Oliveira
- Centre for
Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Adrian J. Mulholland
- Centre for
Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Stefano A. Serapian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale T. Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale T. Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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3
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Shah SJA, Zhang Q, Guo J, Liu H, Liu H, Villà-Freixa J. Identification of Aggregation Mechanism of Acetylated PHF6* and PHF6 Tau Peptides Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Markov State Modeling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3959-3971. [PMID: 37830541 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) has a critical role in the development and preservation of the nervous system. However, tau's dysfunction and accumulation in the human brain can lead to several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, and frontotemporal dementia. The microtubule binding (MTB) domain plays a significant, important role in determining the tau's pathophysiology, as the core of paired helical filaments PHF6* (275VQIINK280) and PHF6 (306VQIVYK311) of R2 and R3 repeat units, respectively, are formed in this region, which promotes tau aggregation. Post-translational modifications, and in particular lysine acetylation at K280 of PHF6* and K311 of PHF6, have been previously established to promote tau misfolding and aggregation. However, the exact aggregation mechanism is not known. In this study, we established an atomic-level nucleation-extension mechanism of the separated aggregation of acetylated PHF6* and PHF6 hexapeptides, respectively, of tau. We show that the acetylation of the lysine residues promotes the formation of β-sheet enriched high-ordered oligomers. The Markov state model analysis of ac-PHF6* and ac-PHF6 aggregation revealed the formation of an antiparallel dimer nucleus which could be extended from both sides in a parallel manner to form mixed-oriented and high-ordered oligomers. Our study describes the detailed mechanism for acetylation-driven tau aggregation, which provides valuable insights into the effect of post-translation modification in altering the pathophysiology of tau hexapeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, 999078 Macao, SAR, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, 999078 Macao, SAR, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, 999078 Macao, SAR, China
| | - Jordi Villà-Freixa
- Departament de Biociències, Universitat de Vic─Universitat Central de Catalunya, 08500 Vic, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Innovació en Ciències de la Vida i de la Salut a la Catalunya Central (IRIS-CC), 08500 Vic, Spain
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4
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Park SJ, Kern N, Brown T, Lee J, Im W. CHARMM-GUI PDB Manipulator: Various PDB Structural Modifications for Biomolecular Modeling and Simulation. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167995. [PMID: 37356910 PMCID: PMC10291205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.167995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular modeling and simulation play important roles in biomedical research as they provide molecular-level insight into the underlying mechanisms of biological functions that are difficult to elucidate only with experiments. CHARMM-GUI (https://charmm-gui.org) is a web-based cyberinfrastructure that is widely used to generate various molecular simulation system and input files and thus facilitates and standardizes the usage of common and advanced simulation techniques. In particular, PDB Manipulator provides various chemical modification options as the starting point for most input generation modules in CHARMM-GUI. Here, we discuss recent additions to PDB Manipulator, such as non-standard amino acids/RNA substitutions, ubiquitylation and SUMOylation, Lys/Arg post-translational modifications, lipidation, peptide stapling, and improved parameterization options of small molecules. These additional features are expected to make complex PDB modifications easy for biomolecular modeling and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Jun Park
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Nathan Kern
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Turner Brown
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Jumin Lee
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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5
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Mafi A, Kim SK, Goddard WA. The dynamics of agonist-β 2-adrenergic receptor activation induced by binding of GDP-bound Gs protein. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01238-6. [PMID: 37349378 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable uncertainty about the mechanism by which the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) is activated. Here we use molecular metadynamics computations to predict the mechanism by which an agonist induces the activation of the β2AR and its cognate Gs protein. We found that binding agonist alone to the inactive β2AR does not break the ionic lock and hence does not drive the β2AR towards the activated conformation. However, we found that attaching the inactive Gs protein to the agonist-bound inactive β2AR (containing the ionic lock) leads to partial insertion of Gαs-α5 into the core of β2AR, which breaks the ionic lock, leading to activation of the Gs protein coupled to β2AR. Upon activation, the Gαs protein undergoes a remarkable opening of the GDP binding pocket, making the GDP available for exchange or release. Concomitantly, Gαs-α5 undergoes a remarkable expansion in the β2AR cytoplasmic region after the ionic lock is broken, inducing TM6 to displace outward by ~5 Å from TM3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Mafi
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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6
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Deubler M, Weißenborn L, Leukel S, Horn AHC, Eichler J, Sticht H. Computational Characterization of the Binding Properties of the HIV1-Neutralizing Antibody PG16 and Design of PG16-Derived CDRH3 Peptides. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:824. [PMID: 37372110 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
PG16 is a broadly neutralizing antibody that binds to the gp120 subunit of the HIV-1 Env protein. The major interaction site is formed by the unusually long complementarity determining region (CDR) H3. The CDRH3 residue Tyr100H is known to represent a tyrosine sulfation site; however, this modification is not present in the experimental complex structure of PG16 with full-length HIV-1 Env. To investigate the role of sulfation for this complex, we modeled the sulfation of Tyr100H and compared the dynamics and energetics of the modified and unmodified complex by molecular dynamics simulations at the atomic level. Our results show that sulfation does not affect the overall conformation of CDRH3, but still enhances gp120 interactions both at the site of modification and for the neighboring residues. This stabilization affects not only protein-protein contacts, but also the interactions between PG16 and the gp120 glycan shield. Furthermore, we also investigated whether PG16-CDRH3 is a suitable template for the development of peptide mimetics. For a peptide spanning residues 93-105 of PG16, we obtained an experimental EC50 value of 3nm for the binding of gp120 to the peptide. This affinity can be enhanced by almost one order of magnitude by artificial disulfide bonding between residues 99 and 100F. In contrast, any truncation results in significantly lower affinity, suggesting that the entire peptide segment is involved in gp120 recognition. Given their high affinity, it should be possible to further optimize the PG16-derived peptides as potential inhibitors of HIV invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Deubler
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucas Weißenborn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Leukel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anselm H C Horn
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Toro TB, Bornes KE, Watt TJ. Lysine Deacetylase Substrate Selectivity: Distinct Interaction Surfaces Drive Positive and Negative Selection for Residues Following Acetyllysine. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1464-1483. [PMID: 37043688 PMCID: PMC10157890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification that is reversed by lysine deacetylases (KDACs). The goal of this work was to identify determinants of substrate specificity for KDACs, focusing on short-range interactions occurring with residues immediately following the acetyllysine. Using a fluorescence-based in vitro assay, we determined the activity for each enzyme with a limited panel of derivative substrate peptides, revealing a distinct reactivity profile for each enzyme. We mapped the interaction surface for KDAC6, KDAC8, and KDAC1 with the +1 and +2 substrate residues (with respect to acetyllysine) based on enzyme-substrate interaction pairs observed in molecular dynamics simulations. Characteristic residues in each KDAC interact preferentially with particular substrate residues and correlate with either enhanced or inhibited activity. Although nonpolar aromatic residues generally enhanced activity with all KDACs, the manner in which each enzyme interacted with these residues is distinct. Furthermore, each KDAC has distinctive interactions that correlate with lower activity, primarily ionic in nature. KDAC8 exhibited the most diverse and widest range of effects, while KDAC6 was sensitive only to the +1 position and KDAC1 selectivity was primarily driven by negative selection. The substrate preferences were validated for KDAC6 and KDAC8 using a set of peptides derived from known acetylated proteins. Overall, we determined how KDAC6, KDAC8, and KDAC1 achieve substrate specificity with residues following the acetyllysine. These new insights into KDAC specificity will be critical for identifying novel substrates of particular KDACs, designing KDAC-specific inhibitors, and demonstrate a general framework for understanding substrate specificity for other enzyme classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha B Toro
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125-1098, United States
| | - Kiara E Bornes
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125-1098, United States
| | - Terry J Watt
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125-1098, United States
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8
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Shkhyan R, Flynn C, Lamoure E, Sarkar A, Van Handel B, Li J, York J, Banks N, Van der Horst R, Liu NQ, Lee S, Bajaj P, Vadivel K, Harn HIC, Tassey J, Lozito T, Lieberman JR, Chuong CM, Hurtig MS, Evseenko D. Inhibition of a signaling modality within the gp130 receptor enhances tissue regeneration and mitigates osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq2395. [PMID: 36947594 PMCID: PMC10792550 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Adult mammals are incapable of multitissue regeneration, and augmentation of this potential may shift current therapeutic paradigms. We found that a common co-receptor of interleukin 6 (IL-6) cytokines, glycoprotein 130 (gp130), serves as a major nexus integrating various context-specific signaling inputs to either promote regenerative outcomes or aggravate disease progression. Via genetic and pharmacological experiments in vitro and in vivo, we demonstrated that a signaling tyrosine 814 (Y814) within gp130 serves as a major cellular stress sensor. Mice with constitutively inactivated Y814 (F814) were resistant to surgically induced osteoarthritis as reflected by reduced loss of proteoglycans, reduced synovitis, and synovial fibrosis. The F814 mice also exhibited enhanced regenerative, not reparative, responses after wounding in the skin. In addition, pharmacological modulation of gp130 Y814 upstream of the SRC and MAPK circuit by a small molecule, R805, elicited a protective effect on tissues after injury. Topical administration of R805 on mouse skin wounds resulted in enhanced hair follicle neogenesis and dermal regeneration. Intra-articular administration of R805 to rats after medial meniscal tear and to canines after arthroscopic meniscal release markedly mitigated the appearance of osteoarthritis. Single-cell sequencing data demonstrated that genetic and pharmacological modulation of Y814 resulted in attenuation of inflammatory gene signature as visualized by the anti-inflammatory macrophage and nonpathological fibroblast subpopulations in the skin and joint tissue after injury. Together, our study characterized a molecular mechanism that, if manipulated, enhances the intrinsic regenerative capacity of tissues through suppression of a proinflammatory milieu and prevents pathological outcomes in injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzanna Shkhyan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Candace Flynn
- Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Emma Lamoure
- Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Arijita Sarkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Benjamin Van Handel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jesse York
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nicholas Banks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert Van der Horst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nancy Q. Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Paul Bajaj
- UCLA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kanagasabai Vadivel
- UCLA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hans I.-Chen Harn
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- International Research Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401 Taiwan
| | - Jade Tassey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Thomas Lozito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jay R. Lieberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mark S. Hurtig
- Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Denis Evseenko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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9
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Song G, Zhong B, Zhang B, Rehman AU, Chen HF. Phosphorylation Modification Force Field FB18CMAP Improving Conformation Sampling of Phosphoproteins. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:1602-1614. [PMID: 36800279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of proteins plays an important regulatory role at almost all levels of cellular organization. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a promising tool to reveal the mechanism of how phosphorylation regulates many key biological processes at the atomistic level. MD simulation accuracy depends on force field precision, while the current force fields for phospho-amino acids have resulted in notable inconsistency with experimental data. Here, a new force field parameter (named FB18CMAP) is generated by fitting against quantum mechanics (QM) energy in aqueous solution with φ/ψ dihedral potential-energy surfaces optimized using CMAP parameters. MD simulations of phosphorylated dipeptides, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), and ordered (folded) proteins show that FB18CMAP can mimic NMR observables and structural characteristics of phosphorylated dipeptides and proteins more accurately than the FB18 force field. These findings suggest that FB18CMAP performs well in both the simulation of ordered and disordered states of phosphorylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bozitao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 200240, China
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10
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Hong X, Song K, Rahman MU, Wei T, Zhang Y, Da LT, Chen HF. Phosphorylation Regulation Mechanism of β2 Integrin for the Binding of Filamin Revealed by Markov State Model. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:605-618. [PMID: 36607244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1 (LAD-1) disorder is a severe immunodeficiency syndrome caused by deficiency or mutation of β2 integrin. The phosphorylation on threonine 758 of β2 integrin acts as a molecular switch inhibiting the binding of filamin. However, the switch mechanism of site-specific phosphorylation at the atom level is still poorly understood. To resolve the regulation mechanism, all-atom molecular dynamics simulation and Markov state model were used to study the dynamic regulation pathway of phosphorylation. Wild type system possessed lower binding free energy and fewer number of states than the phosphorylated system. Both systems underwent local disorder-to-order conformation conversion when achieving steady states. To reach steady states, wild type adopted less number of transition paths/shortest path according to the transition path theory than the phosphorylated system. The underlying phosphorylated regulation pathway was from P1 to P0 and then P4 state, and the main driving force should be hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction disturbing the secondary structure of phosphorylated states. These studies will shed light on the pathogenesis of LAD-1 disease and lay a foundation for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Kaiyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Mueed Ur Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Lin-Tai Da
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai200240, China
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11
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Pradhan R, Panigrahi S, Sahu PK. Conformational Search for the Building Block of Proteins Based on the Gradient Gravitational Search Algorithm (ConfGGS) Using Force Fields: CHARMM, AMBER, and OPLS-AA. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:670-690. [PMID: 36625780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are linear polymers built from a repertoire of 20 different amino acids, which are considered building blocks of proteins. The diversity and versatility of these 20 building blocks with regard to their conformations are key to adopting three-dimensional structures that facilitate proteins to undergo important mechanistic biological processes in living systems. The present investigation reports a conformational search of 20 different amino acids, building blocks of proteins, using three different force fields, CHARMM, AMBER, and OPLS-AA, implemented in the gradient gravitational search algorithm. The search technique (ConfGGS) includes the contribution from both bonded and nonbonded terms using Cartesian coordinates. The efficiency of such conformational searches has also been compared with other optimization algorithms: DE/Best, DE/Rand, and PSO algorithms with respect to computational time and accuracy based on the minimum number of iteration steps and computed lowest mean absolute error (MAE) and mean standard deviation (MSD) values for dihedral angles of respective near-optimal structures. Moreover, the ConfGGS technique has also been extended to an ordered protein fragment (PQITL) extracted from HIV-1 protease (PDB ID: 1YTH), an intrinsically disordered protein fragment, i.e., an amyloid-forming segment (AVVTGVTAV), from the NAC domain of Parkinson's disease protein α-synuclein, residues 69-77 (PDB ID: 4RIK), the experimental NMR atomic-resolution structure of α-synuclein fibrils (PDB ID: 2N0A), and a disulfide bond-containing protein fragment sequence (PCYGWPVCY), residues 59-67 (PDB ID: 6Y4F) toward structure prediction as a close homologue compared with experimental accuracy, using the CHARMM force field. The MolProbity validation results for the protein fragment (PQITL) obtained by ConfGGS/CHARMM are in better agreement with the native protein fragment structure of HIV-1 protease (PDB ID: 1YTH). Furthermore, the computed results have also been compared with the coordinates obtained from the AlphaFold network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojalin Pradhan
- Computational Modeling Research Laboratory, School of Chemistry (Autonomous), Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla768019, India
| | - Sibarama Panigrahi
- Computational Modeling Research Laboratory, School of Chemistry (Autonomous), Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla768019, India
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sambalpur University Institute of Information Technology, Jyoti Vihar, Burla768019, India
| | - Prabhat K Sahu
- Computational Modeling Research Laboratory, School of Chemistry (Autonomous), Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla768019, India
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12
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Childers MC, Daggett V. Molecular Dynamics Methods for Antibody Design. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2552:109-124. [PMID: 36346588 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2609-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Complex and coordinated dynamics are closely connected with protein functions, including the binding of antibodies to antigens. Knowledge of such dynamics could improve the design of antibodies. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide a "computational microscope" that can resolve atomic motions and inform antibody design efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie Daggett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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13
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Weigle AT, Feng J, Shukla D. Thirty years of molecular dynamics simulations on posttranslational modifications of proteins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26371-26397. [PMID: 36285789 PMCID: PMC9704509 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02883b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are an integral component to how cells respond to perturbation. While experimental advances have enabled improved PTM identification capabilities, the same throughput for characterizing how structural changes caused by PTMs equate to altered physiological function has not been maintained. In this Perspective, we cover the history of computational modeling and molecular dynamics simulations which have characterized the structural implications of PTMs. We distinguish results from different molecular dynamics studies based upon the timescales simulated and analysis approaches used for PTM characterization. Lastly, we offer insights into how opportunities for modern research efforts on in silico PTM characterization may proceed given current state-of-the-art computing capabilities and methodological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin T Weigle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jiangyan Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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14
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Wang Y, Fass J, Kaminow B, Herr JE, Rufa D, Zhang I, Pulido I, Henry M, Bruce Macdonald HE, Takaba K, Chodera JD. End-to-end differentiable construction of molecular mechanics force fields. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12016-12033. [PMID: 36349096 PMCID: PMC9600499 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanics (MM) potentials have long been a workhorse of computational chemistry. Leveraging accuracy and speed, these functional forms find use in a wide variety of applications in biomolecular modeling and drug discovery, from rapid virtual screening to detailed free energy calculations. Traditionally, MM potentials have relied on human-curated, inflexible, and poorly extensible discrete chemical perception rules (atom types) for applying parameters to small molecules or biopolymers, making it difficult to optimize both types and parameters to fit quantum chemical or physical property data. Here, we propose an alternative approach that uses graph neural networks to perceive chemical environments, producing continuous atom embeddings from which valence and nonbonded parameters can be predicted using invariance-preserving layers. Since all stages are built from smooth neural functions, the entire process-spanning chemical perception to parameter assignment-is modular and end-to-end differentiable with respect to model parameters, allowing new force fields to be easily constructed, extended, and applied to arbitrary molecules. We show that this approach is not only sufficiently expressive to reproduce legacy atom types, but that it can learn to accurately reproduce and extend existing molecular mechanics force fields. Trained with arbitrary loss functions, it can construct entirely new force fields self-consistently applicable to both biopolymers and small molecules directly from quantum chemical calculations, with superior fidelity than traditional atom or parameter typing schemes. When adapted to simultaneously fit partial charge models, espaloma delivers high-quality partial atomic charges orders of magnitude faster than current best-practices with low inaccuracy. When trained on the same quantum chemical small molecule dataset used to parameterize the Open Force Field ("Parsley") openff-1.2.0 small molecule force field augmented with a peptide dataset, the resulting espaloma model shows superior accuracy vis-á-vis experiments in computing relative alchemical free energy calculations for a popular benchmark. This approach is implemented in the free and open source package espaloma, available at https://github.com/choderalab/espaloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Wang
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York 10065NYUSA,Physiology, Biophysics and System Biology PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell UniversityNew York 10065NYUSA,MFA Program in Creative Writing, Division of Humanities and Arts, City College of New York, City University of New YorkNew York 10031NYUSA
| | - Josh Fass
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York 10065NYUSA,Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell UniversityNew York 10065NYUSA
| | - Benjamin Kaminow
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York 10065NYUSA,Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell UniversityNew York 10065NYUSA
| | - John E. Herr
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York 10065NYUSA
| | - Dominic Rufa
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York 10065NYUSA,Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell UniversityNew York 10065NYUSA
| | - Ivy Zhang
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York 10065NYUSA,Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell UniversityNew York 10065NYUSA
| | - Iván Pulido
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York 10065NYUSA
| | - Mike Henry
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York 10065NYUSA
| | - Hannah E. Bruce Macdonald
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York 10065NYUSA
| | - Kenichiro Takaba
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York 10065NYUSA,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Advanced Drug Discovery, Asahi Kasei Pharma CorporationShizuoka 410-2321Japan
| | - John D. Chodera
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York 10065NYUSA
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15
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Chang L, Mondal A, Perez A. Towards rational computational peptide design. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 2:1046493. [PMID: 36338806 PMCID: PMC9634169 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2022.1046493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are prevalent in biology, mediating as many as 40% of protein-protein interactions, and involved in other cellular functions such as transport and signaling. Their ability to bind with high specificity make them promising therapeutical agents with intermediate properties between small molecules and large biologics. Beyond their biological role, peptides can be programmed to self-assembly, and they are already being used for functions as diverse as oligonuclotide delivery, tissue regeneration or as drugs. However, the transient nature of their interactions has limited the number of structures and knowledge of binding affinities available-and their flexible nature has limited the success of computational pipelines that predict the structures and affinities of these molecules. Fortunately, recent advances in experimental and computational pipelines are creating new opportunities for this field. We are starting to see promising predictions of complex structures, thermodynamic and kinetic properties. We believe in the following years this will lead to robust rational peptide design pipelines with success similar to those applied for small molecule drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Arup Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alberto Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Alberto Perez,
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16
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Balanced Force Field ff03CMAP Improving the Dynamics Conformation Sampling of Phosphorylation Site. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911285. [PMID: 36232586 PMCID: PMC9569523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation plays a key role in plant biology, such as the accumulation of plant cells to form the observed proteome. Statistical analysis found that many phosphorylation sites are located in disordered regions. However, current force fields are mainly trained for structural proteins, which might not have the capacity to perfectly capture the dynamic conformation of the phosphorylated proteins. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of ff03CMAP, a balanced force field between structural and disordered proteins, for the sampling of the phosphorylated proteins. The test results of 11 different phosphorylated systems, including dipeptides, disordered proteins, folded proteins, and their complex, indicate that the ff03CMAP force field can better sample the conformations of phosphorylation sites for disordered proteins and disordered regions than ff03. For the solvent model, the results strongly suggest that the ff03CMAP force field with the TIP4PD water model is the best combination for the conformer sampling. Additional tests of CHARMM36m and FB18 force fields on two phosphorylated systems suggest that the overall performance of ff03CMAP is similar to that of FB18 and better than that of CHARMM36m. These results can help other researchers to choose suitable force field and solvent models to investigate the dynamic properties of phosphorylation proteins.
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17
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Hossain MS, Zhang Z, Ashok S, Jenks AR, Lynch CJ, Hougland JL, Mozhdehi D. Temperature-Responsive Nano-Biomaterials from Genetically Encoded Farnesylated Disordered Proteins. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1846-1856. [PMID: 35044146 PMCID: PMC9115796 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite broad interest in understanding the biological implications of protein farnesylation in regulating different facets of cell biology, the use of this post-translational modification to develop protein-based materials and therapies remains underexplored. The progress has been slow due to the lack of accessible methodologies to generate farnesylated proteins with broad physicochemical diversities rapidly. This limitation, in turn, has hindered the empirical elucidation of farnesylated proteins' sequence-structure-function rules. To address this gap, we genetically engineered prokaryotes to develop operationally simple, high-yield biosynthetic routes to produce farnesylated proteins and revealed determinants of their emergent material properties (nano-aggregation and phase-behavior) using scattering, calorimetry, and microscopy. These outcomes foster the development of farnesylated proteins as recombinant therapeutics or biomaterials with molecularly programmable assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shahadat Hossain
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Sudhat Ashok
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Ashley R. Jenks
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Christopher J. Lynch
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - James L. Hougland
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Department
of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- BioInspired
Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Davoud Mozhdehi
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Department
of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- BioInspired
Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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18
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Deciphering the Effect of Lysine Acetylation on the Misfolding and Aggregation of Human Tau Fragment 171IPAKTPPAPK 180 Using Molecular Dynamic Simulation and the Markov State Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052399. [PMID: 35269542 PMCID: PMC8910285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) with β-sheet-rich structure caused by abnormal aggregation of misfolded microtubule-associated protein Tau is a hallmark of tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s Disease. It has been reported that acetylation, especially K174 located in the proline-rich region, can largely promote Tau aggregation. So far, the mechanism of the abnormal acetylation of Tau that affects its misfolding and aggregation is still unclear. Therefore, revealing the effect of acetylation on Tau aggregation could help elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of tauopathies. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation combined with multiple computational analytical methods were performed to reveal the effect of K174 acetylation on the spontaneous aggregation of Tau peptide 171IPAKTPPAPK180, and the dimerization mechanism as an early stage of the spontaneous aggregation was further specifically analyzed by Markov state model (MSM) analysis. The results showed that both the actual acetylation and the mutation mimicking the acetylated state at K174 induced the aggregation of the studied Tau fragment; however, the effect of actual acetylation on the aggregation was more pronounced. In addition, acetylated K174 plays a major contributing role in forming and stabilizing the antiparallel β-sheet dimer by forming several hydrogen bonds and side chain van der Waals interactions with residues I171, P172, A173 and T175 of the corresponding chain. In brief, this study uncovered the underlying mechanism of Tau peptide aggregation in response to the lysine K174 acetylation, which can deepen our understanding on the pathogenesis of tauopathies.
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19
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Mu J, Zhou J, Gong Q, Xu Q. An allosteric regulation mechanism of Arabidopsis Serine/Threonine kinase 1 (SIK1) through phosphorylation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:368-379. [PMID: 35035789 PMCID: PMC8749016 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (SIK1) is a Sterile 20 (STE20)/Hippo orthologue that is also categorized as a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase Kinase (MAP4K). Like its animal and fungi orthologues, SIK1 is required for cell cycle exit, cell expansion, polarity establishment, as well as pathogenic response. The catalytic activity of SIK1, like other MAPKs, is presumably regulated by its phosphorylation states. Since no crystal structure for SIK1 has been reported yet, we built structural models for SIK1 kinase domain in different phosphorylation states with different pocket conformation to see how this kinase may be regulated. Using computational structural biology methods, we outlined a conduction path in which a phosphorylation site on the A-loop regulates the catalytic activity of SIK1 by controlling the closing or opening of the catalytic pocket at the G-loop. Furthermore, with analyses on the dynamic motions and in vitro kinase assay, we confirmed that three key residues in this conduction path, Lys278, Glu295, and Arg370, are indeed important for the kinase activity of SIK1. Since these residues are conserved in all STE20 kinases examined, the regulatory mechanism that we discovered may be common in STE20 kinases.
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20
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Stoppelman JP, Ng TT, Nerenberg PS, Wang LP. Development and Validation of AMBER-FB15-Compatible Force Field Parameters for Phosphorylated Amino Acids. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11927-11942. [PMID: 34668708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of select amino acid residues is one of the most common biological mechanisms for regulating protein structures and functions. While computational modeling can be used to explore the detailed structural changes associated with phosphorylation, most molecular mechanics force fields developed for the simulation of phosphoproteins have been noted to be inconsistent with experimental data. In this work, we parameterize force fields for the phosphorylated forms of the amino acids serine, threonine, and tyrosine using the ForceBalance software package with the goal of improving agreement with experiments for these residues. Our optimized force field, denoted as FB18, is parameterized using high-quality ab initio potential energy scans and is designed to be fully compatible with the AMBER-FB15 protein force field. When utilized in MD simulations together with the TIP3P-FB water model, we find that FB18 consistently enhances the prediction of experimental quantities such as 3J NMR couplings and intramolecular hydrogen-bonding propensities in comparison to previously published models. As was reported with AMBER-FB15, we also see improved agreement with the reference QM calculations in regions at and away from local minima. We thus believe that the FB18 parameter set provides a promising route for the further investigation of the varied effects of protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Stoppelman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Tracey T Ng
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, California State University, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Paul S Nerenberg
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, California State University, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Lee-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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21
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Shi XX, Wang ZZ, Wang YL, Huang GY, Yang JF, Wang F, Hao GF, Yang GF. PTMdyna: exploring the influence of post-translation modifications on protein conformational dynamics. Brief Bioinform 2021; 23:6394992. [PMID: 34643234 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTM) play vital roles in cellular regulation, modulating functions by driving changes in protein structure and dynamics. Exploring comprehensively the influence of PTM on conformational dynamics can facilitate the understanding of the related biological function and molecular mechanism. Currently, a series of excellent computation tools have been designed to analyze the time-dependent structural properties of proteins. However, the protocol aimed to explore conformational dynamics of post-translational modified protein is still a blank. To fill this gap, we present PTMdyna to visually predict the conformational dynamics differences between unmodified and modified proteins, thus indicating the influence of specific PTM. PTMdyna exhibits an AUC of 0.884 tested on 220 protein-protein complex structures. The case of heterochromatin protein 1α complexed with lysine 9-methylated histone H3, which is critical for genomic stability and cell differentiation, was used to demonstrate its applicability. PTMdyna provides a reliable platform to predict the influence of PTM on protein dynamics, making it easier to interpret PTM functionality at the structure level. The web server is freely available at http://ccbportal.com/PTMdyna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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22
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Mysore VP, Zhou ZW, Ambrogio C, Li L, Kapp JN, Lu C, Wang Q, Tucker MR, Okoro JJ, Nagy-Davidescu G, Bai X, Plückthun A, Jänne PA, Westover KD, Shan Y, Shaw DE. A structural model of a Ras-Raf signalosome. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:847-857. [PMID: 34625747 PMCID: PMC8643099 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The protein K-Ras functions as a molecular switch in signaling pathways regulating cell growth. In the human mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which is implicated in many cancers, multiple K-Ras proteins are thought to assemble at the cell membrane with Ras effector proteins from the Raf family. Here we propose an atomistic structural model for such an assembly. Our starting point was an asymmetric guanosine triphosphate-mediated K-Ras dimer model, which we generated using unbiased molecular dynamics simulations and verified with mutagenesis experiments. Adding further K-Ras monomers in a head-to-tail fashion led to a compact helical assembly, a model we validated using electron microscopy and cell-based experiments. This assembly stabilizes K-Ras in its active state and presents composite interfaces to facilitate Raf binding. Guided by existing experimental data, we then positioned C-Raf, the downstream kinase MEK1 and accessory proteins (Galectin-3 and 14-3-3σ) on and around the helical assembly. The resulting Ras-Raf signalosome model offers an explanation for a large body of data on MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chiara Ambrogio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lianbo Li
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jonas N Kapp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chunya Lu
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey J Okoro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Xiaochen Bai
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth D Westover
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - David E Shaw
- D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Peng Y, Li S, Onufriev A, Landsman D, Panchenko AR. Binding of regulatory proteins to nucleosomes is modulated by dynamic histone tails. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5280. [PMID: 34489435 PMCID: PMC8421395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the roles of histone tails in modulating nucleosomal DNA accessibility and its recognition by other macromolecules. Here we generate extensive atomic level conformational ensembles of histone tails in the context of the full nucleosome, totaling 65 microseconds of molecular dynamics simulations. We observe rapid conformational transitions between tail bound and unbound states, and characterize kinetic and thermodynamic properties of histone tail-DNA interactions. Different histone types exhibit distinct binding modes to specific DNA regions. Using a comprehensive set of experimental nucleosome complexes, we find that the majority of them target mutually exclusive regions with histone tails on nucleosomal/linker DNA around the super-helical locations ± 1, ± 2, and ± 7, and histone tails H3 and H4 contribute most to this process. These findings are explained within competitive binding and tail displacement models. Finally, we demonstrate the crosstalk between different histone tail post-translational modifications and mutations; those which change charge, suppress tail-DNA interactions and enhance histone tail dynamics and DNA accessibility. The intrinsic disorder of histone tails poses challenges in their characterization. Here the authors apply extensive molecular dynamics simulations of the full nucleosome to show reversible binding to DNA with specific binding modes of different types of histone tails, where charge-altering modifications suppress tail-DNA interactions and may boost interactions between nucleosomes and nucleosome-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Peng
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shuxiang Li
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Alexey Onufriev
- Physics Department, Virginia Tech, VA, USA.,Computer Science Department, Virginia Tech, VA, USA.,Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, VA, USA
| | - David Landsman
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna R Panchenko
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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24
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Toro TB, Swanier JS, Bezue JA, Broussard CG, Watt TJ. Lysine Deacetylase Substrate Selectivity: A Dynamic Ionic Interaction Specific to KDAC8. Biochemistry 2021; 60:2524-2536. [PMID: 34357750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation and deacetylation are critical for regulation of many cellular proteins. Despite the importance of this cycle, it is unclear how lysine deacetylase (KDAC) family members discriminate between acetylated proteins to react with a discrete set of substrates. Potential short-range interactions between KDAC8 and a known biologically relevant peptide substrate were identified using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Activity assays with a panel of peptides derived from this substrate supported a putative ionic interaction between arginine at the -1 substrate position and KDAC8 D101. Additional assays and MD simulations confirmed this novel interaction, which promotes deacetylation of substrates. Verification that a negatively charged residue at the 101 position is necessary for the ionic interaction and observed reactivity with the substrates was performed using KDAC8 derivatives. Notably, this interaction is specific to KDAC8, as KDAC1 and KDAC6 do not form this interaction and each KDAC has a different specificity profile with the peptide substrates, even though all KDACs could potentially form ionic interactions. When reacted with a panel of putative human KDAC substrates, KDAC8 preferentially deacetylated substrates containing an arginine at the -1 position. KDAC8 D101-R(-1) is a specific enzyme-substrate interaction that begins to explain how KDACs discriminate between potential substrates and how different KDAC family members can react with different subsets of acetylated proteins in cells. This multi-pronged approach will be extended to identify other critical interactions for KDAC8 substrate binding and determine critical interactions for other KDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha B Toro
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125-1098, United States
| | - Jordan S Swanier
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125-1098, United States
| | - Jada A Bezue
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125-1098, United States
| | - Christian G Broussard
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125-1098, United States
| | - Terry J Watt
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125-1098, United States
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25
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Croitoru A, Park SJ, Kumar A, Lee J, Im W, MacKerell AD, Aleksandrov A. Additive CHARMM36 Force Field for Nonstandard Amino Acids. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3554-3570. [PMID: 34009984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonstandard amino acids are both abundant in nature, where they play a key role in various cellular processes, and can be synthesized in laboratories, for example, for the manufacture of a range of pharmaceutical agents. In this work, we have extended the additive all-atom CHARMM36 and CHARMM General force field (CGenFF) to a large set of 333 nonstandard amino acids. These include both amino acids with nonstandard side chains, such as post-translationally modified and artificial amino acids, as well as amino acids with modified backbone groups, such as chromophores composed of several amino acids. Model compounds representative of the nonstandard amino acids were parametrized for protonation states that are likely at the physiological pH of 7 and, for some more common residues, in both d- and l-stereoisomers. Considering all protonation, tautomeric, and stereoisomeric forms, a total of 406 nonstandard amino acids were parametrized. Emphasis was placed on the quality of both intra- and intermolecular parameters. Partial charges were derived using quantum mechanical (QM) data on model compound dipole moments, electrostatic potentials, and interactions with water. Optimization of all intramolecular parameters, including torsion angle parameters, was performed against information from QM adiabatic potential energy surface (PES) scans. Special emphasis was put on the quality of terms corresponding to PES around rotatable dihedral angles. Validation of the force field was based on molecular dynamics simulations of 20 protein complexes containing different nonstandard amino acids. Overall, the presented parameters will allow for computational studies of a wide range of proteins containing nonstandard amino acids, including natural and artificial residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Croitoru
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (CNRS UMR7645, INSERM U1182), Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sang-Jun Park
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Anmol Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Jumin Lee
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Alexander D MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Alexey Aleksandrov
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (CNRS UMR7645, INSERM U1182), Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
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26
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Kulke M, Nagel F, Schulig L, Geist N, Gabor M, Mayerle J, M Lerch M, Link A, Delcea M. A Hypothesized Mechanism for Chronic Pancreatitis Caused by the N34S Mutation of Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal-Type 1 Based on Conformational Studies. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2111-2119. [PMID: 34054303 PMCID: PMC8157096 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s304787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although strongly related, the pathophysiological effect of the N34S mutation in the serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) in chronic pancreatitis is still unknown. In this study, we investigate the conformational space of the human cationic trypsin-serine protease inhibitor complex. Methods Simulations with molecular dynamics, replica exchange, and transition pathway methods are used. Results Two main binding states of the inhibitor to the complex were found, which explicitly relate the influence of the mutation site to conformational changes in the active site of trypsin. Conclusion Based on our result, a hypothesis is formulated that explains the development of chronic pancreatitis through accelerated digestion of the mutant by trypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kulke
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Nagel
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lukas Schulig
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norman Geist
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcel Gabor
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine a, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Link
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mihaela Delcea
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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27
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Šoštarić N, van Noort V. Molecular dynamics shows complex interplay and long-range effects of post-translational modifications in yeast protein interactions. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008988. [PMID: 33979327 PMCID: PMC8143416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a vital, yet often overlooked role in the living cells through modulation of protein properties, such as localization and affinity towards their interactors, thereby enabling quick adaptation to changing environmental conditions. We have previously benchmarked a computational framework for the prediction of PTMs’ effects on the stability of protein-protein interactions, which has molecular dynamics simulations followed by free energy calculations at its core. In the present work, we apply this framework to publicly available data on Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein structures and PTM sites, identified in both normal and stress conditions. We predict proteome-wide effects of acetylations and phosphorylations on protein-protein interactions and find that acetylations more frequently have locally stabilizing roles in protein interactions, while the opposite is true for phosphorylations. However, the overall impact of PTMs on protein-protein interactions is more complex than a simple sum of local changes caused by the introduction of PTMs and adds to our understanding of PTM cross-talk. We further use the obtained data to calculate the conformational changes brought about by PTMs. Finally, conservation of the analyzed PTM residues in orthologues shows that some predictions for yeast proteins will be mirrored to other organisms, including human. This work, therefore, contributes to our overall understanding of the modulation of the cellular protein interaction networks in yeast and beyond. Proteins are a diverse set of biological molecules responsible for numerous functions within cells, such as obtaining energy from food or transport of small molecules, and many processes rely on interactions of specific proteins. Moreover, a single protein may acquire different roles depending on cellular requirements and as a response to changes in the environment. A commonly used way to quickly change protein’s function or activity is by introducing small chemical modifications on specific locations within the protein. These modifications can cause the protein to interact in a more or less stable way with other proteins. We have previously developed a computational pipeline for predicting the effect of modifications on interactions of proteins, and in this work we apply it to all yeast proteins with known structures. We find differences in effects on the binding for different types of modifications. Importantly, we demonstrate that the modifications far from the interaction interface also significantly contribute to binding due to their impact on protein’s shape, which is often neglected by other methods. This work contributes to our understanding of the modulation of protein interactions in yeast due to modifications, while our widely applicable method will allow similar investigations in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera van Noort
- KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
- Leiden University, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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28
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Mu J, Liu H, Zhang J, Luo R, Chen HF. Recent Force Field Strategies for Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:1037-1047. [PMID: 33591749 PMCID: PMC8256680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are widely distributed across eukaryotic cells, playing important roles in molecular recognition, molecular assembly, post-translational modification, and other biological processes. IDPs are also associated with many diseases such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to their structural flexibility, conventional experimental methods cannot reliably capture their heterogeneous structures. Molecular dynamics simulation becomes an important complementary tool to quantify IDP structures. This review covers recent force field strategies proposed for more accurate molecular dynamics simulations of IDPs. The strategies include adjusting dihedral parameters, adding grid-based energy correction map (CMAP) parameters, refining protein-water interactions, and others. Different force fields were found to perform well on specific observables of specific IDPs but also are limited in reproducing all available experimental observables consistently for all tested IDPs. We conclude the review with perspective areas for improvements for future force fields for IDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20025, China
| | - Ray Luo
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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29
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Perdikari TM, Jovic N, Dignon GL, Kim YC, Fawzi NL, Mittal J. A predictive coarse-grained model for position-specific effects of post-translational modifications. Biophys J 2021; 120:1187-1197. [PMID: 33582133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), resulting in the formation of multicomponent protein-RNA membraneless organelles in cells. However, the physiological and pathological role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the biophysics of phase behavior is only beginning to be probed. To study the effect of PTMs on LLPS in silico, we extend our transferable coarse-grained model of intrinsically disordered proteins to include phosphorylated and acetylated amino acids. Using the parameters for modified amino acids available for fixed-charge atomistic force fields, we parameterize the size and atomistic hydropathy of the coarse-grained-modified amino acid beads and, hence, the interactions between the modified and natural amino acids. We then elucidate how the number and position of phosphorylated and acetylated residues alter the protein's single-chain compactness and its propensity to phase separate. We show that both the number and the position of phosphorylated threonines/serines or acetylated lysines can serve as a molecular on/off switch for phase separation in the well-studied disordered regions of Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) and DDX3X, respectively. We also compare modified residues to their commonly used PTM mimics for their impact on chain properties. Importantly, we show that the model can predict and capture experimentally measured differences in the phase behavior for position-specific modifications, showing that the position of modifications can dictate phase separation. In sum, this model will be useful for studying LLPS of post-translationally modified intrinsically disordered proteins and predicting how modifications control phase behavior with position-specific resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Jovic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory L Dignon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Young C Kim
- Center for Materials Physics and Technology, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C
| | - Nicolas L Fawzi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology; Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Jeetain Mittal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
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30
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Wang Q, Zhao WC, Fu XQ, Zheng QC. Exploring the Distinct Binding and Activation Mechanisms for Different CagA Oncoproteins and SHP2 by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040837. [PMID: 33562680 PMCID: PMC7916045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CagA is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori CagA is geographically subclassified into East Asian CagA and Western CagA, which are characterized by the presence of a EPIYA-D or EPIYA-C segment. The East Asian CagA is more closely associated with gastric cancer than the Western CagA. In this study, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed to investigate the binding details of SHP2 and EPIYA segments, and to explore the allosteric regulation mechanism of SHP2. Our results show that the EPIYA-D has a stronger binding affinity to the N-SH2 domain of SHP2 than EPIYA-C. In addition, a single EPIYA-D binding to N-SH2 domain of SHP2 can cause a deflection of the key helix B, and the deflected helix B could squeeze the N-SH2 and PTP domains to break the autoinhibition pocket of SHP2. However, a single EPIYA-C binding to the N-SH2 domain of SHP2 cannot break the autoinhibition of SHP2 because the secondary structure of the key helix B is destroyed. However, the tandem EPIYA-C not only increases its binding affinity to SHP2, but also does not significantly break the secondary structure of the key helix B. Our study can help us better understand the mechanism of gastric cancer caused by Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China; (Q.W.); (W.-C.Z.)
| | - Wen-Cheng Zhao
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China; (Q.W.); (W.-C.Z.)
| | - Xue-Qi Fu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China; (Q.W.); (W.-C.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.-Q.F.); (Q.-C.Z.)
| | - Qing-Chuan Zheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
- Correspondence: (X.-Q.F.); (Q.-C.Z.)
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31
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Ryan VH, Perdikari TM, Naik MT, Saueressig CF, Lins J, Dignon GL, Mittal J, Hart AC, Fawzi NL. Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates hnRNPA2 granule protein partitioning and reduces neurodegeneration. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105001. [PMID: 33349959 PMCID: PMC7849316 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA transport in neurons requires formation of transport granules containing many protein components, and subsequent alterations in phosphorylation status can release transcripts for translation. Further, mutations in a structurally disordered domain of the transport granule protein hnRNPA2 increase its aggregation and cause hereditary proteinopathy of neurons, myocytes, and bone. We examine in vitro hnRNPA2 granule component phase separation, partitioning specificity, assembly/disassembly, and the link to neurodegeneration. Transport granule components hnRNPF and ch-TOG interact weakly with hnRNPA2 yet partition specifically into liquid phase droplets with the low complexity domain (LC) of hnRNPA2, but not FUS LC. In vitro hnRNPA2 tyrosine phosphorylation reduces hnRNPA2 phase separation, prevents partitioning of hnRNPF and ch-TOG into hnRNPA2 LC droplets, and decreases aggregation of hnRNPA2 disease variants. The expression of chimeric hnRNPA2 D290V in Caenorhabditis elegans results in stress-induced glutamatergic neurodegeneration; this neurodegeneration is rescued by loss of tdp-1, suggesting gain-of-function toxicity. The expression of Fyn, a tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates hnRNPA2, reduces neurodegeneration associated with chimeric hnRNPA2 D290V. These data suggest a model where phosphorylation alters LC interaction specificity, aggregation, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica H Ryan
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA
| | | | - Mandar T Naik
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and BiotechnologyBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA
| | | | - Jeremy Lins
- Department of NeuroscienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA
| | - Gregory L Dignon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringLehigh UniversityBethlehemPAUSA
| | - Jeetain Mittal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringLehigh UniversityBethlehemPAUSA
| | - Anne C Hart
- Department of NeuroscienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA
| | - Nicolas L Fawzi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and BiotechnologyBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA
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32
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Scopino K, Dalgarno C, Nachmanoff C, Krizanc D, Thayer KM, Weir MP. Arginine Methylation Regulates Ribosome CAR Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031335. [PMID: 33572867 PMCID: PMC7866298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ribosome CAR interaction surface is hypothesized to provide a layer of translation regulation through hydrogen-bonding to the +1 mRNA codon that is next to enter the ribosome A site during translocation. The CAR surface consists of three residues, 16S/18S rRNA C1054, A1196 (E. coli 16S numbering), and R146 of yeast ribosomal protein Rps3. R146 can be methylated by the Sfm1 methyltransferase which is downregulated in stressed cells. Through molecular dynamics analysis, we show here that methylation of R146 compromises the integrity of CAR by reducing the cation-pi stacking of the R146 guanidinium group with A1196, leading to reduced CAR hydrogen-bonding with the +1 codon. We propose that ribosomes assembled under stressed conditions have unmethylated R146, resulting in elevated CAR/+1 codon interactions, which tunes translation levels in response to the altered cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Scopino
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA; (K.S.); (C.D.); (C.N.)
| | - Carol Dalgarno
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA; (K.S.); (C.D.); (C.N.)
| | - Clara Nachmanoff
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA; (K.S.); (C.D.); (C.N.)
| | - Daniel Krizanc
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA; (D.K.); (K.M.T.)
- College of Integrative Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
| | - Kelly M. Thayer
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA; (D.K.); (K.M.T.)
- College of Integrative Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
| | - Michael P. Weir
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA; (K.S.); (C.D.); (C.N.)
- College of Integrative Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
- Correspondence:
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33
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Molecular dynamics simulations and biochemical characterization of Pf14-3-3 and PfCDPK1 interaction towards its role in growth of human malaria parasite. Biochem J 2020; 477:2153-2177. [PMID: 32484216 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Scaffold proteins play pivotal role as modulators of cellular processes by operating as multipurpose conformation clamps. 14-3-3 proteins are gold-standard scaffold modules that recognize phosphoSer/Thr (pS/pT) containing conserved motifs, and confer conformational changes leading to modulation of functional parameters of their target proteins. Modulation in functional activity of kinases has been attributed to their interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. Herein, we have annotated and characterized PF3D7_0818200 as 14-3-3 isoform I in Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, and its interaction with one of the key kinases of the parasite, Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 (CDPK1) by performing various analytical biochemistry and biophysical assays. Molecular dynamics simulation studies indicated that CDPK1 polypeptide sequence (61KLGpS64) behaves as canonical Mode I-type (RXXpS/pT) consensus 14-3-3 binding motif, mediating the interaction. The 14-3-3I/CDPK1 interaction was validated in vitro with ELISA and SPR, which confirmed that the interaction is phosphorylation dependent, with binding affinity constant of 670 ± 3.6 nM. The interaction of 14-3-3I with CDPK1 was validated with well characterized optimal 14-3-3 recognition motifs: Mode I-type ARSHpSYPA and Mode II-type RLYHpSLPA, by simulation studies and ITC. This interaction was found to marginally enhance CDPK1 functional activity. Furthermore, interaction antagonizing peptidomimetics showed growth inhibitory impact on the parasite indicating crucial physiological role of 14-3-3/CDPK1 interaction. Overall, this study characterizes 14-3-3I as a scaffold protein in the malaria parasite and unveils CDPK1 as its previously unidentified target. This sets a precedent for the rational design of 14-3-3 based PPI inhibitors by utilizing 14-3-3 recognition motif peptides, as a potential antimalarial strategy.
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34
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Computing Proton-Coupled Redox Potentials of Fluorotyrosines in a Protein Environment. J Phys Chem B 2020; 125:128-136. [PMID: 33378205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of tyrosine to form the neutral tyrosine radical via proton-coupled electron transfer is essential for a wide range of biological processes. The precise measurement of the proton-coupled redox potentials of tyrosine (Y) in complex protein environments is challenging mainly because of the highly oxidizing and reactive nature of the radical state. Herein, a computational strategy is presented for predicting proton-coupled redox potentials in a protein environment. In this strategy, both the reduced Y-OH and oxidized Y-O• forms of tyrosine are sampled with molecular dynamics using a molecular mechanical force field. For a large number of conformations, a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) electrostatic embedding scheme is used to compute the free-energy differences between the reduced and oxidized forms, including the zero-point energy and entropic contributions as well as the impact of the protein electrostatic environment. This strategy is applied to a series of fluorinated tyrosine derivatives embedded in a de novo α-helical protein denoted as α3Y. The force fields for both the reduced and oxidized forms of these noncanonical fluorinated tyrosine residues are parameterized for general use. The calculated relative proton-coupled redox potentials agree with experimentally measured values with a mean unsigned error of 24 mV. Analysis of the simulations illustrates that hydrogen-bonding interactions between tyrosine and water increase the redox potentials by ∼100-250 mV, with significant variations because of the fluctuating protein environment. This QM/MM approach enables the calculation of proton-coupled redox potentials of tyrosine and other residues such as tryptophan in a variety of protein systems.
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35
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Wang Q, Zhao WC, Fu XQ, Zheng QC. Exploring the Allosteric Mechanism of Src Homology-2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 2 (SHP2) by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Front Chem 2020; 8:597495. [PMID: 33330386 PMCID: PMC7719740 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.597495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src homology-2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2, encoded by PTPN11) is a critical allosteric phosphatase for many signaling pathways. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) could be phosphorylated at its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) and can bind to SHP2 to initiate T cell inactivation. Although the interaction of SHP2-PD-1 plays an important role in the immune process, the complex structure and the allosteric regulation mechanism remain unknown. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the binding details of SHP2 and PD-1, and explore the allosteric regulation mechanism of SHP2. The results show that ITIM has a preference to bind to the N-SH2 domain and ITSM has almost the same binding affinity to the N-SH2 and C-SH2 domain. Only when ITIM binds to the N-SH2 domain and ITSM binds to the C-SH2 domain can the full activation of SHP2 be obtained. The binding of ITIM and ITSM could change the motion mode of SHP2 and switch it to the activated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Zhao
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue-Qi Fu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing-Chuan Zheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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36
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Bao J, He X, Zhang JZ. Development of a New Scoring Function for Virtual Screening: APBScore. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:6355-6365. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Bao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - John Z.H. Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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37
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Identification of Conomarphin Variants in the Conus eburneus Venom and the Effect of Sequence and PTM Variations on Conomarphin Conformations. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100503. [PMID: 33019526 PMCID: PMC7601563 DOI: 10.3390/md18100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine cone snails belonging to the Conidae family make use of neuroactive peptides in their venom to capture prey. Here we report the proteome profile of the venom duct of Conus eburneus, a cone snail belonging to the Tesseliconus clade. Through tandem mass spectrometry and database searching against the C. eburneus transcriptome and the ConoServer database, we identified 24 unique conopeptide sequences in the venom duct. The majority of these peptides belong to the T and M gene superfamilies and are disulfide-bonded, with cysteine frameworks V, XIV, VI/VII, and III being the most abundant. All seven of the Cys-free peptides are conomarphin variants belonging to the M superfamily that eluted out as dominant peaks in the chromatogram. These conomarphins vary not only in amino acid residues in select positions along the backbone but also have one or more post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as proline hydroxylation, C-term amidation, and γ-carboxylation of glutamic acid. Using molecular dynamics simulations, the conomarphin variants were predicted to predominantly have hairpin-like or elongated structures in acidic pH. These two structures were found to have significant differences in electrostatic properties and the inclusion of PTMs seems to complement this disparity. The presence of polar PTMs (hydroxyproline and γ-carboxyglutamic acid) also appear to stabilize hydrogen bond networks in these conformations. Furthermore, these predicted structures are pH sensitive, becoming more spherical and compact at higher pH. The subtle conformational variations observed here might play an important role in the selection and binding of the peptides to their molecular targets.
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38
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Zmuda F, Chamberlain LH. Regulatory effects of post-translational modifications on zDHHC S-acyltransferases. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14640-14652. [PMID: 32817054 PMCID: PMC7586229 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.014717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human zDHHC S-acyltransferase family comprises 23 enzymes that mediate the S-acylation of a multitude of cellular proteins, including channels, receptors, transporters, signaling molecules, scaffolds, and chaperones. This reversible post-transitional modification (PTM) involves the attachment of a fatty acyl chain, usually derived from palmitoyl-CoA, to specific cysteine residues on target proteins, which affects their stability, localization, and function. These outcomes are essential to control many processes, including synaptic transmission and plasticity, cell growth and differentiation, and infectivity of viruses and other pathogens. Given the physiological importance of S-acylation, it is unsurprising that perturbations in this process, including mutations in ZDHHC genes, have been linked to different neurological pathologies and cancers, and there is growing interest in zDHHC enzymes as novel drug targets. Although zDHHC enzymes control a diverse array of cellular processes and are associated with major disorders, our understanding of these enzymes is surprisingly incomplete, particularly with regard to the regulatory mechanisms controlling these enzymes. However, there is growing evidence highlighting the role of different PTMs in this process. In this review, we discuss how PTMs, including phosphorylation, S-acylation, and ubiquitination, affect the stability, localization, and function of zDHHC enzymes and speculate on possible effects of PTMs that have emerged from larger screening studies. Developing a better understanding of the regulatory effects of PTMs on zDHHC enzymes will provide new insight into the intracellular dynamics of S-acylation and may also highlight novel approaches to modulate S-acylation for clinical gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Zmuda
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Luke H Chamberlain
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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39
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Ivanov SM, Atanasova M, Dimitrov I, Doytchinova IA. Cellular polyamines condense hyperphosphorylated Tau, triggering Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10098. [PMID: 32572101 PMCID: PMC7308275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many gaps in our understanding of Alzheimer's disease remain despite intense research efforts. One such prominent gap is the mechanism of Tau condensation and fibrillization. One viewpoint is that positively charged Tau is condensed by cytosolic polyanions. However, this hypothesis is likely based on an overestimation of the abundance and stability of cytosolic polyanions and an underestimation of crucial intracellular constituents - the cationic polyamines. Here, we propose an alternative mechanism grounded in cellular biology. We describe extensive molecular dynamics simulations and analysis on physiologically relevant model systems, which suggest that it is not positively charged, unmodified Tau that is condensed by cytosolic polyanions but negatively charged, hyperphosphorylated Tau that is condensed by cytosolic polycations. Our work has broad implications for anti-Alzheimer's research and drug development and the broader field of tauopathies in general, potentially paving the way to future etiologic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Ivanov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 st., Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria.
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Mariyana Atanasova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 st., Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Dimitrov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 st., Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Irini A Doytchinova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2 st., Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria
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40
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Kong LR, Ong RW, Tan TZ, Mohamed Salleh NAB, Thangavelu M, Chan JV, Koh LYJ, Periyasamy G, Lau JA, Le TBU, Wang L, Lee M, Kannan S, Verma CS, Lim CM, Chng WJ, Lane DP, Venkitaraman A, Hung HT, Cheok CF, Goh BC. Targeting codon 158 p53-mutant cancers via the induction of p53 acetylation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2086. [PMID: 32350249 PMCID: PMC7190866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gain of function (GOF) DNA binding domain (DBD) mutations of TP53 upregulate chromatin regulatory genes that promote genome-wide histone methylation and acetylation. Here, we therapeutically exploit the oncogenic GOF mechanisms of p53 codon 158 (Arg158) mutation, a DBD mutant found to be prevalent in lung carcinomas. Using high throughput compound screening and combination analyses, we uncover that acetylating mutp53R158G could render cancers susceptible to cisplatin-induced DNA stress. Acetylation of mutp53R158G alters DNA binding motifs and upregulates TRAIP, a RING domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase which dephosphorylates IĸB and impedes nuclear translocation of RelA (p65), thus repressing oncogenic nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) signaling and inducing apoptosis. Given that this mechanism of cytotoxic vulnerability appears inapt in p53 wild-type (WT) or other hotspot GOF mutp53 cells, our work provides a therapeutic opportunity specific to Arg158-mutp53 tumors utilizing a regimen consisting of DNA-damaging agents and mutp53 acetylators, which is currently being pursued clinically. Codon 158 gain-of-function mutant p53 (158-mutp53) promotes tumourigenesis in lung cancer. Here, the authors show that 158-mutp53 render cancers sensitive to cisplatin and p53 acetylation agents through a mechanism where acetylated mutant p53 upregulates TRAIP and inhibits NF-ĸB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren Kong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
| | - Richard Weijie Ong
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | | | - Matan Thangavelu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Jane Vin Chan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Lie Yong Judice Koh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Giridharan Periyasamy
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Jieying Amelia Lau
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Thi Bich Uyen Le
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Miyoung Lee
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Srinivasaraghavan Kannan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chwee Ming Lim
- Division of Surgical Oncology (Head and Neck Surgery), National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - David P Lane
- p53 Laboratory (p53Lab), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Ashok Venkitaraman
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Huynh The Hung
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chit Fang Cheok
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore. .,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
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41
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Held JM. Redox Systems Biology: Harnessing the Sentinels of the Cysteine Redoxome. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:659-676. [PMID: 31368359 PMCID: PMC7047077 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cellular redox processes are highly interconnected, yet not in equilibrium, and governed by a wide range of biochemical parameters. Technological advances continue refining how specific redox processes are regulated, but broad understanding of the dynamic interconnectivity between cellular redox modules remains limited. Systems biology investigates multiple components in complex environments and can provide integrative insights into the multifaceted cellular redox state. This review describes the state of the art in redox systems biology as well as provides an updated perspective and practical guide for harnessing thousands of cysteine sensors in the redoxome for multiparameter characterization of cellular redox networks. Recent Advances: Redox systems biology has been applied to genome-scale models and large public datasets, challenged common conceptions, and provided new insights that complement reductionist approaches. Advances in public knowledge and user-friendly tools for proteome-wide annotation of cysteine sentinels can now leverage cysteine redox proteomics datasets to provide spatial, functional, and protein structural information. Critical Issues: Careful consideration of available analytical approaches is needed to broadly characterize the systems-level properties of redox signaling networks and be experimentally feasible. The cysteine redoxome is an informative focal point since it integrates many aspects of redox biology. The mechanisms and redox modules governing cysteine redox regulation, cysteine oxidation assays, proteome-wide annotation of the biophysical and biochemical properties of individual cysteines, and their clinical application are discussed. Future Directions: Investigating the cysteine redoxome at a systems level will uncover new insights into the mechanisms of selectivity and context dependence of redox signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Held
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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42
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Pedraza-González L, Marín MDC, Jorge AN, Ruck TD, Yang X, Valentini A, Olivucci M, De Vico L. Web-ARM: A Web-Based Interface for the Automatic Construction of QM/MM Models of Rhodopsins. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:1481-1493. [PMID: 31909998 PMCID: PMC7101466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article introduces Web-ARM, a specialized tool, online available, designed to build quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical models of rhodopsins, a widely spread family of light-responsive proteins. Web-ARM allows the rapidly building of models of rhodopsins with a documented quality and the prediction of trends in UV-vis absorption maximum wavelengths, based on their excitation energies computed at the CASPT2//CASSCF/Amber level of theory. Web-ARM builds upon the recently reported, python-based a-ARM protocol [J. Chem. Theory Comput., 2019, 15, 3134-3152] and, as such, necessitates only a crystallographic structure or a comparative model in PDB format and a very basic knowledge of the studied rhodopsin system. The user-friendly web interface uses such input to generate congruous, gas-phase models of rhodopsins and, if requested, their mutants. We present two possible applications of Web-ARM, which showcase how the interface can be employed to assist both research and educational activities in fields at the interface between chemistry and biology. The first application shows how, through Web-ARM, research projects (e.g., rhodopsin and rhodopsin mutant screening) can be carried out in significantly less time with respect to using the required computational photochemistry tools via a command line. The second application documents the use of Web-ARM in a real-life educational/training activity, through a hands-on experience illustrating the concepts of rhodopsin color tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pedraza-González
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - María Del Carmen Marín
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alejandro N Jorge
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States of America
| | - Tyler D Ruck
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States of America
| | - Xuchun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States of America
| | - Alessio Valentini
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Research Unit MolSys, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août, 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States of America
| | - Luca De Vico
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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43
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Mafi A, Kim SK, Goddard WA. The atomistic level structure for the activated human κ-opioid receptor bound to the full Gi protein and the MP1104 agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5836-5843. [PMID: 32127473 PMCID: PMC7084096 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910006117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (κOR) is an important target for pain therapeutics to reduce depression and other harmful side effects of existing medications. The analgesic activity is mediated by κOR signaling through the adenylyl cyclase-inhibitory family of Gi protein. Here, we report the three-dimensional (3D) structure for the active state of human κOR complexed with both heterotrimeric Gi protein and MP1104 agonist. This structure resulted from long molecular dynamics (MD) and metadynamics (metaMD) simulations starting from the 3.1-Å X-ray structure of κOR-MP1104 after replacing the nanobody with the activated Gi protein and from the 3.5-Å cryo-EM structure of μOR-Gi complex after replacing the 168 missing residues. Using MD and metaMD we discovered interactions to the Gi protein with strong anchors to two intracellular loops and transmembrane helix 6 of the κOR. These anchors strengthen the binding, contributing to a contraction in the binding pocket but an expansion in the cytoplasmic region of κOR to accommodate G protein. These remarkable changes in κOR structure reveal that the anchors are essential for activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Mafi
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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44
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Rieloff E, Skepö M. Phosphorylation of a Disordered Peptide-Structural Effects and Force Field Inconsistencies. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:1924-1935. [PMID: 32050065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is one of the most abundant types of post-translational modifications of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). This study examines the conformational changes in the 15-residue-long N-terminal fragment of the IDP statherin upon phosphorylation, using computer simulations with two different force fields: AMBER ff99SB-ILDN and CHARMM36m. The results from the simulations are compared with experimental small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and circular dichroism data. In the unphosphorylated state, the two force fields are in excellent agreement regarding global structural properties such as size and shape. However, they exhibit some differences in the extent and type of the secondary structure. In the phosphorylated state, neither of the force fields performs well compared to the experimental data. Both force fields show a compaction of the peptide upon phosphorylation, greater than what is seen in SAXS experiments, although they differ in the local structure. While the CHARMM force field increases the fraction of bends in the peptide as a response to strong interactions between the phosphorylated residues and arginines, the AMBER force field shows an increase of the helical content in the N-terminal part of the peptide, where the phosphorylated residues reside, in better agreement with circular dichroism results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Rieloff
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Skepö
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.,LINXS-Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science, Scheelevägen 19, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden
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45
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Calligari P, Torsello M, Bortoli M, Orian L, Polimeno A. Modelling of Ca2+-promoted structural effects in wild type and post-translationally modified Connexin26. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2019.1690653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Calligari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Torsello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bortoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonino Polimeno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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Bansal N, Sciabola S, Bhisetti G. Understanding allosteric interactions in hMLKL protein that modulate necroptosis and its inhibition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16853. [PMID: 31727943 PMCID: PMC6856060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed Lineage Kinase domain-Like (MLKL), a key player in necroptosis, is a multi-domain protein with an N-terminal 4 helical bundle (4HB) and a pseudokinase domain (PsK) connected by brace helices. Phosphorylation of PsK domain of MLKL is a key step towards oligomerization of 4HB domain that causes cell death. Necrosulfonamide (NSA) binds to the 4HB domain of MLKL to inhibit necroptosis. To understand the molecular details of MLKL function and it's inhibition, we have performed a molecular dynamic study on hMLKL protein in apo, phosphorylated and NSA-bound states for a total 3 μs simulation time. Our simulations show increased inter-domain flexibility, increased rigidification of the activation loop and increased alpha helical content in the brace helix region revealing a form of monomeric hMLKL necessary for oligomerization upon phosphorylation as compared to apo state. NSA binding disrupts this activated form and causes two main effects on hMLKL conformation: (1) locking of the relative orientation of 4HB and PsK domains by the formation of several new interactions and (2) prevention of key 4HB residues to participate in cross-linking for oligomer formation. This new understanding of the effect of hMLKL conformations on phosphorylation and NSA binding suggest new avenues for designing effective allosteric inhibitors of hMLKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Bansal
- Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, United States of America
| | - Simone Sciabola
- Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, United States of America
| | - Govinda Bhisetti
- Biotherapeutic and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, United States of America.
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Leng KRW, Castañeda CA, Decroos C, Islam B, Haider SM, Christianson DW, Fierke CA. Phosphorylation of Histone Deacetylase 8: Structural and Mechanistic Analysis of the Phosphomimetic S39E Mutant. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4480-4493. [PMID: 31633931 PMCID: PMC6903415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes that catalyze removal of acetyl-lysine post-translational modifications are frequently post-translationally modified. HDAC8 is phosphorylated within the deacetylase domain at conserved residue serine 39, which leads to decreased catalytic activity. HDAC8 phosphorylation at S39 is unique in its location and function and may represent a novel mode of deacetylation regulation. To better understand the impact of phosphorylation of HDAC8 on enzyme structure and function, we performed crystallographic, kinetic, and molecular dynamics studies of the S39E HDAC8 phosphomimetic mutant. This mutation decreases the level of deacetylation of peptides derived from acetylated nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. However, the magnitude of the effect depends on the peptide sequence and the identity of the active site metal ion [Zn(II) vs Fe(II)], with the value of kcat/KM for the mutant decreasing 9- to >200-fold compared to that of wild-type HDAC8. Furthermore, the dissociation rate constant of the active site metal ion increases by ∼10-fold. S39E HDAC8 was crystallized in complex with the inhibitor Droxinostat, revealing that phosphorylation of S39, as mimicked by the glutamate side chain, perturbs local structure through distortion of the L1 loop. Molecular dynamics simulations of both S39E and phosphorylated S39 HDAC8 demonstrate that the perturbation of the L1 loop likely occurs because of the lost hydrogen bond between D29 and S39. Furthermore, the S39 perturbation causes structural changes that propagate through the protein scaffolding to influence function in the active site. These data demonstrate that phosphorylation plays an important regulatory role for HDAC8 by affecting ligand binding, catalytic efficiency, and substrate selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol Ann Castañeda
- Interdepartmental Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue 4008 Life Sciences Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Christophe Decroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Barira Islam
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Shozeb M. Haider
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - David W. Christianson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Carol A. Fierke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Interdepartmental Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue 4008 Life Sciences Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Jack K. Williams Administration Building, Suite 100 College Station, TX 77843
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Kulke M, Langel W. Molecular dynamics simulations to the bidirectional adhesion signaling pathway of integrin α V β 3. Proteins 2019; 88:679-688. [PMID: 31693219 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The bidirectional force transmission process of integrin through the cell membrane is still not well understood. Several possible mechanisms have been discussed in literature on the basis of experimental data, and in this study, we investigate these mechanisms by free and steered molecular dynamics simulations. For the first time, constant velocity pulling on the complete integrin molecule inside a dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine membrane is conducted. From the results, the most likely mechanism for inside-out and outside-in signaling is the switchblade model with further separation of the transmembrane helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kulke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Walter Langel
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Yalinca H, Gehin CJC, Oleinikovas V, Lashuel HA, Gervasio FL, Pastore A. The Role of Post-translational Modifications on the Energy Landscape of Huntingtin N-Terminus. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:95. [PMID: 31632982 PMCID: PMC6779701 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a polymorphic tract of polyglutamine repeats in exon 1 of the huntingtin protein, which is thought to be responsible for protein aggregation and neuronal death. The polyglutamine tract is preceded by a 17-residue sequence that is intrinsically disordered. This region is subject to phosphorylation, acetylation and other post-translational modifications in vivo, which modulate its secondary structure, aggregation and, subcellular localization. We used Molecular Dynamics simulations with a novel Hamiltonian-replica-exchange-based enhanced sampling method, SWISH, and an optimal combination of water and protein force fields to study the effects of phosphorylation and acetylation as well as cross-talk between these modifications on the huntingtin N-terminus. The simulations, validated by circular dichroism, were used to formulate a mechanism by which the modifications influence helical conformations. Our findings have implications for understanding the structural basis underlying the effect of PTMs in the aggregation and cellular properties of huntingtin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Yalinca
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Julie Caroline Gehin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Faculty of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Faculty of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Luigi Gervasio
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kulke M, Uhrhan M, Geist N, Brüggemann D, Ohler B, Langel W, Köppen S. Phosphorylation of Fibronectin Influences the Structural Stability of the Predicted Interchain Domain. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:4383-4392. [PMID: 31509400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As a key player in cell adhesion, the glycoprotein fibronectin is involved in the complex mechanobiology of the extracellular matrix. Although the function of many modules in the fibronectin molecule has already been understood, the structure and biological relevance of the C-terminal cross-linked region (CTXL) still remains unclear. It is known that fibronectin is only phosphorylated in the CTXL domain, but no results have been presented to date, which indicate a biological function based on this phosphorylation. For the first time, we introduce a structural model of the CTXL region in fibronectin, which we obtained by exhaustive replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations (TIGER2hs). The sampling revealed a conformational landscape of the dimerization module, and the global minimum state showed an umbrella-like module body and conspicuous structural region with two feet. We observed that the CTXL foot region exhibits a structural stability in its physiological state, which disappears upon changes in the phosphorylation state. Thus, our in silico studies enabled us to show that the flexibility of the CTXL region is guided by phosphorylation. These results indicate an in vivo function of the CTXL domain in protein binding and cell adhesion, which is controlled by phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kulke
- Biophysical Chemistry , University of Greifswald , Greifswald 17487 , Germany
| | | | - Norman Geist
- Biophysical Chemistry , University of Greifswald , Greifswald 17487 , Germany
| | | | - Bastian Ohler
- Biophysical Chemistry , University of Greifswald , Greifswald 17487 , Germany
| | - Walter Langel
- Biophysical Chemistry , University of Greifswald , Greifswald 17487 , Germany
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