1
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Gupta R, Fereiro JA, Bayat A, Pritam A, Zharnikov M, Mondal PC. Nanoscale molecular rectifiers. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:106-122. [PMID: 37117915 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecules bridged between two electrodes as a stable rectifier is an important goal in molecular electronics. Until recently, however, and despite extensive experimental and theoretical work, many aspects of our fundamental understanding and practical challenges have remained unresolved and prevented the realization of such devices. Recent advances in custom-designed molecular systems with rectification ratios exceeding 105 have now made these systems potentially competitive with existing silicon-based devices. Here, we provide an overview and critical analysis of recent progress in molecular rectification within single molecules, self-assembled monolayers, molecular multilayers, heterostructures, and metal-organic frameworks and coordination polymers. Examples of conceptually important and best-performing systems are discussed, alongside their rectification mechanisms. We present an outlook for the field, as well as prospects for the commercialization of molecular rectifiers.
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2
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Menzel JP, Boeije Y, Bakker TMA, Belić J, Reek JNH, de Groot HJM, Visscher L, Buda F. In Silico Optimization of Charge Separating Dyes for Solar Energy Conversion. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200594. [PMID: 35638151 PMCID: PMC9546488 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells are promising devices in solar energy conversion. However, several limitations still have to be addressed, such as the major loss pathway through charge recombination at the dye-semiconductor interface. Charge separating dyes constructed as push-pull systems can increase the spatial separation of electron and hole, decreasing the recombination rate. Here, a family of dyes, consisting of polyphenylamine donors, fluorene bridges, and perylene monoimide acceptors, was investigated in silico using a combination of semi-empirical nuclear dynamics and a quantum propagation of photoexcited electron and hole. To optimize the charge separation, several molecular design strategies were investigated, including modifying the donor molecule, increasing the π-bridge length, and decoupling the molecular components through steric effects. The combination of a triphenylamine donor, using an extended 2-fluorene π-bridge, and decoupling the different components by steric hindrance from side groups resulted in a dye with significantly improved charge separation properties in comparison to the original supramolecular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Paul Menzel
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityPO Box 95022300 RALeidenNetherlands
| | - Yorrick Boeije
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityPO Box 95022300 RALeidenNetherlands
| | - Tijmen M. A. Bakker
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam1098XHAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Jelena Belić
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam1081 HVAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam1098XHAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Huub J. M. de Groot
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityPO Box 95022300 RALeidenNetherlands
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam1081 HVAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Francesco Buda
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityPO Box 95022300 RALeidenNetherlands
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3
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Ostovan A, Naghavi SS. Highly Sensitive, Selective and Low-Power Consumption Metalloporphyrin−Based Junctions for Nitrogen Monoxide Detection with Excellent Recovery. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15579-15587. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01553f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Research interest in chemical gas detection has been directed towards developing highly selective bio-inspired and eco-friendly materials that allow the integration of sensors in daily human life, such as the...
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4
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Polakovsky A, Showman J, Valdiviezo J, Palma JL. Quantum interference enhances rectification behavior of molecular devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1550-1557. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05801g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical and computational study of the effect of quantum interference on the rectification behavior of unimolecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janai Showman
- Department of Chemistry
- The Pennsylvania State University
- Lemont Furnace
- USA
| | | | - Julio L. Palma
- Department of Chemistry
- The Pennsylvania State University
- Lemont Furnace
- USA
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5
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Tamaki T, Minode K, Numai Y, Ohto T, Yamada R, Masai H, Tada H, Terao J. Mechanical switching of current-voltage characteristics in spiropyran single-molecule junctions. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:7527-7531. [PMID: 32219263 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The electrical properties of a single-molecule junction of spiropyran are investigated through the break junction (BJ) method, and the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics are switched from rectified to symmetric through mechanical stimulus. This phenomenon indicates isomerization from spiropyran to merocyanine. In addition, an increase in the conductance associated with isomerization is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tamaki
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The university of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
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6
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Patel K, Bittner ER. Mixed Quantum Classical Simulations of Charge-Transfer Dynamics in a Model Light-Harvesting Complex. II. Transient Vibrational Analysis. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2158-2167. [PMID: 32118439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We perform dynamics simulations of donor-bridge-acceptor triads following photoexcitation and correlate nuclear motions with the charge-transfer event using the short-time Fourier transform technique. Broadly, the porphyrin bridges undergo higher energy vibrations, whereas the fullerene acceptors undergo low energy modes. Aryl side groups exhibit torsional motions relative to the porphyrin. Aryl linkers between the bridge and acceptor are restricted from such motions and therefore express ring distortion modes. Finally, we find an amide linker mode that is directionally sensitive to electron motion. This work supports the notion of vibrationally coupled ultrafast charge transfer found in both experimental and theoretical studies and lays a foundational method for identifying key vibrational modes for parametrizing future theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Eric R Bittner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States.,Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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7
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Patel K, Bittner ER. Mixed Quantum Classical Simulations of Charge-Transfer Dynamics in a Model Light-Harvesting Complex. I. Charge-Transfer Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2149-2157. [PMID: 32118437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We develop here a mixed quantum mechanical/molecular dynamics model to investigate charge-transfer dynamics in a set of large organic donor-bridge-acceptor triad molecules. Specifically, we are interested in the differences in electron and nuclear behavior relating to small changes in the molecular makeup of carotenoid-porphyrin-fullerene triads. Our model approximates excitation energies on the order of 1.9 eV which agree with absorption spectra for these triads and isolated porphyrins. Using electron population analysis, we monitor charge migration to the acceptor in time. Approximations of the charge transfer rates reveal ultrafast (picosecond scale) electron dynamics consistent with experimental literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Eric R Bittner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States.,Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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8
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Saraiva-Souza A, Smeu M, Guo H. Reassessing destructive quantum interference in azulene-based devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3653-3660. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06159b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We show that the different anchoring moieties on azulene based devices are more relevant for the occurrence of destructive QI than the coupling position.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Smeu
- Department of Physics
- Binghamton University
- State University of New York
- Binghamton
- USA
| | - Hong Guo
- Centre for the Physics of Materials and Department of Physics
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
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9
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Handayani M, Tanaka H, Katayose S, Ohto T, Chen Z, Yamada R, Tada H, Ogawa T. Three site molecular orbital controlled single-molecule rectifiers based on perpendicularly linked porphyrin-imide dyads. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22724-22729. [PMID: 31750493 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The original single-molecule rectifier proposed by Aviram and Ratner is based on a donor-σ-acceptor structure, in which σ functions as the insulator to disconnect the π electronic systems of the two parts. However, there have been no reports on experimentally demonstrated highly efficient single-molecule rectifiers based on this mechanism. In this paper, we demonstrate single-molecule rectifiers with perpendicularly connected metal porphyrin-imide dyads. Our proposed molecule rectifiers use hydroxyl groups at both ends as weak anchoring groups. Measurements of the single-molecule current-voltage characteristics of these molecules clearly show that the rectification ratio reached a high value of 14 on average. Moreover, the ratio could be tuned by changing the central metal in the porphyrin core. All of these features can be explained by the energy-level shift of the molecular orbital using a model with three electronic parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murni Handayani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan. and Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Research Center for Metallurgy and Materials, Building 470, PUSPIPTEK Area, Cisauk, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Human Intelligence Systems, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan
| | - Shinichi Katayose
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Zhijin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takuji Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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10
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Baghbanzadeh M, Belding L, Yuan L, Park J, Al-Sayah MH, Bowers CM, Whitesides GM. Dipole-Induced Rectification Across AgTS/SAM//Ga2O3/EGaIn Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8969-8980. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Baghbanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Lee Belding
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Junwoo Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mohammad H. Al-Sayah
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Carleen M. Bowers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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11
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Cho SJ, Kong GD, Park S, Park J, Byeon SE, Kim T, Yoon HJ. Molecularly Controlled Stark Effect Induces Significant Rectification in Polycyclic-Aromatic-Hydrocarbon-Terminated n-Alkanethiolates. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:545-553. [PMID: 30582703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The variation of the electronic structure of individual molecules as a function of the applied bias matters for the performance of molecular and organic electronic devices. Understanding the structure-electric-field relationship, however, remains a challenge because of the lack of in-operando spectroscopic technique and complexity arising from the ill-defined on-surface structure of molecules and organic-electrode interfaces within devices. We report that a reliable and reproducible molecular diode can be achieved by control of the conjugation length in polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon (PAH)-terminated n-alkanethiolate (denoted as SC11PAH), incorporated into liquid-metal-based large-area tunnel junctions in the form of a self-assembled monolayer. By taking advantage of the structural simplicity and tunability of SC11PAH and the high-yielding feature of the junction technique, we demonstrate that the increase in the conjugation length of the PAH terminal group leads to a significant rectification ratio up to ∼1.7 × 102 at ±740 mV. Further study suggests that the Stark shift of the molecular energy resonance of the PAH breaks the symmetry of the energy topography across the junction and induces rectification in a temperature-independent charge-transport regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Gyu Don Kong
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Park
- Department of Physics , Hankuk University of Foreign Studies , Yongin 449-791 , Korea
| | - Seo Eun Byeon
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Taekyeong Kim
- Department of Physics , Hankuk University of Foreign Studies , Yongin 449-791 , Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 136-701 , Korea
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12
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Yamada R, Albrecht K, Ohto T, Minode K, Yamamoto K, Tada H. Single-molecule rectifiers based on voltage-dependent deformation of molecular orbitals in carbazole oligomers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:19818-19824. [PMID: 30334558 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06049e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Current-voltage characteristics of single molecule junctions are governed both by the energy level alignment of molecular orbitals with respect to the Fermi level of the electrodes and by the hybridization of electronic structures at the interface between the molecule and the electrodes. While there have been many studies on tuning the former, only a few works intended to control the latter. In the present study, we demonstrate that molecular junctions based on carbazole oligomers showed a current rectification behavior due to asymmetric-symmetric control of electronic hybridization between the molecule and electrodes at the both terminals. The carbazole oligomers originally showed an asymmetric molecular orbital and, hence, electronic hybridization with the electrodes because of the electric dipole moment. Symmetric electronic hybridization was achieved when the applied electric field between electrodes deformed molecular orbital to be symmetric. This is a novel way to control charge transport in single-molecule junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka Univ., Japan.
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13
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Abstract
This paper reviews the present status of unimolecular electronics (UME). The field started in the 1970s with a hope that some day organic molecules (∼2 nm in size), when used as electronic components, would challenge Si-based inorganic electronics in ultimate-high-density integrated circuits. The technological push to ever smaller inorganic device sizes (Moore's "law") was driven by a profit motive and by vast investments. UME, the underfunded pauper, may have lost that "race to the bottom", but some excellent science is left to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Melville Metzger
- Laboratory for Molecular Electronics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Employing self-interaction corrected density functional theory combined with the non-equilibrium Green’s function method, we study the quantum transport through molecules with different numbers of phenyl (donor) and pyrimidinyl (acceptor) rings in order to evaluate the effects of the molecular composition on the transport properties. Excellent agreement with the results of recent experiments addressing the rectification behavior of molecular junctions is obtained, which demonstrates the potential of quantum transport simulations for designing high performance junctions by tuning the molecular specifications.
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15
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Koepf M, Koenigsmann C, Ding W, Batra A, Negre CFA, Venkataraman L, Brudvig GW, Batista VS, Schmuttenmaer CA, Crabtree RH. Controlling the rectification properties of molecular junctions through molecule-electrode coupling. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:16357-16362. [PMID: 27722662 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04830g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of molecular components functioning as switches, rectifiers or amplifiers is a great challenge in molecular electronics. A desirable property of such components is functional robustness, meaning that the intrinsic functionality of components must be preserved regardless of the strategy used to integrate them into the final assemblies. Here, this issue is investigated for molecular diodes based on N-phenylbenzamide (NPBA) backbones. The transport properties of molecular junctions derived from NPBA are characterized while varying the nature of the functional groups interfacing the backbone and the gold electrodes required for break-junction measurements. Combining experimental and theoretical methods, it is shown that at low bias (<0.85 V) transport is determined by the same frontier molecular orbital originating from the NPBA core, regardless of the anchoring group employed. The magnitude of rectification, however, is strongly dependent on the strength of the electronic coupling at the gold-NPBA interface and on the spatial distribution of the local density of states of the dominant transport channel of the molecular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Koepf
- Department of Chemistry & Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA.
| | - Christopher Koenigsmann
- Department of Chemistry & Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA.
| | - Wendu Ding
- Department of Chemistry & Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA.
| | - Arunbah Batra
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, Mail Code: 4701, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Christian F A Negre
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, Mail Code: 4701, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry & Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA.
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry & Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA.
| | - Charles A Schmuttenmaer
- Department of Chemistry & Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA.
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry & Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA.
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16
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Sivaraman G, Amorim RG, Scheicher RH, Fyta M. Diamondoid-functionalized gold nanogaps as sensors for natural, mutated, and epigenetically modified DNA nucleotides. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10105-10112. [PMID: 27121677 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00500d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Modified tiny hydrogen-terminated diamond structures, known as diamondoids, show a high efficiency in sensing DNA molecules. These diamond cages, as recently proposed, could offer functionalization possibilities for gold junction electrodes. In this investigation, we report on diamondoid-functionalized electrodes, showing that such a device would have a high potential in sensing and sequencing DNA. The smallest diamondoid including an amine modification was chosen for the functionalization. Here, we report on the quantum tunneling signals across diamondoid-functionalized Au(111) electrodes. Our work is based on quantum-transport calculations and predicts the expected signals arising from different DNA units within the break junctions. Different gating voltages are proposed in order to tune the sensitivity of the functionalized electrodes with respect to specific nucleotides. The relation of this sensitivity to the coupling or decoupling of the electrodes is discussed. Our results also shed light on the sensing capability of such a device in distinguishing the DNA nucleotides, in their natural and mutated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Sivaraman
- Institute for Computational Physics, Universität Stuttgart, Germany.
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17
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Koenigsmann C, Ding W, Koepf M, Batra A, Venkataraman L, Negre CFA, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH, Batista VS, Schmuttenmaer CA. Structure–function relationships in single molecule rectification by N-phenylbenzamide derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00870d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The trend in measured rectification ratios suggests that there is a strong correlation between rectification and the energy of the transmission state relative to the Fermi level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendu Ding
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute
- Yale University
- West Haven
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Matthieu Koepf
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute
- Yale University
- West Haven
- USA
| | - Arunabh Batra
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics
- Columbia University
- New York
- USA
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics
- Columbia University
- New York
- USA
| | | | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute
- Yale University
- West Haven
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute
- Yale University
- West Haven
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute
- Yale University
- West Haven
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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18
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Ding W, Koepf M, Koenigsmann C, Batra A, Venkataraman L, Negre CFA, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH, Schmuttenmaer CA, Batista VS. Computational Design of Intrinsic Molecular Rectifiers Based on Asymmetric Functionalization of N-Phenylbenzamide. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:5888-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendu Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New
Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O.
Box 27394, West Haven, Connecticut 06516-7394, United States
| | - Matthieu Koepf
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O.
Box 27394, West Haven, Connecticut 06516-7394, United States
| | - Christopher Koenigsmann
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O.
Box 27394, West Haven, Connecticut 06516-7394, United States
| | - Arunabh Batra
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Christian F. A. Negre
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New
Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O.
Box 27394, West Haven, Connecticut 06516-7394, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New
Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O.
Box 27394, West Haven, Connecticut 06516-7394, United States
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New
Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O.
Box 27394, West Haven, Connecticut 06516-7394, United States
| | - Charles A. Schmuttenmaer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New
Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O.
Box 27394, West Haven, Connecticut 06516-7394, United States
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New
Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O.
Box 27394, West Haven, Connecticut 06516-7394, United States
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19
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Monti A, Negre CFA, Batista VS, Rego LGC, de Groot HJM, Buda F. Crucial Role of Nuclear Dynamics for Electron Injection in a Dye-Semiconductor Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2393-8. [PMID: 26266622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electron injection from a terrylene-based chromophore to the TiO2 semiconductor bridged by a recently proposed phenyl-amide-phenyl molecular rectifier. The mechanism of electron transfer is studied by means of quantum dynamics simulations using an extended Hückel Hamiltonian. It is found that the inclusion of the nuclear motion is necessary to observe the photoinduced electron transfer. In particular, the fluctuations of the dihedral angle between the terrylene and the phenyl ring modulate the localization and thus the electronic coupling between the donor and acceptor states involved in the injection process. The electron propagation shows characteristic oscillatory features that correlate with interatomic distance fluctuations in the bridge, which are associated with the vibrational modes driving the process. The understanding of such effects is important for the design of functional dyes with optimal injection and rectification properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Monti
- †Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F A Negre
- §Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Luis G C Rego
- ∥Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Huub J M de Groot
- †Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Buda
- †Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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