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Liu J, Zhou S, Zhang Z, Kawamura K, Zhao W, Wang X, Shao M, Jiang F, Liu J, Sun X, Hang J, Zhao J, Pei C, Zhang J, Fu P. Characterization of dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids, and α-dicarbonyls in PM 2.5 within the urban boundary layer in southern China: Sources and formation pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117185. [PMID: 33957507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight dicarboxylic acids, which are important components of secondary organic aerosols, have been extensively studied in recent years. Many studies have focused on ground-level observations and literature reports on the vertical distribution of the organic aerosols within the urban boundary layer are limited. In this study, the vertical profiles of dicarboxylic acids and related organic compounds (DCRCs) in PM2.5 were investigated at altitudinal levels (ground level and 488 m above the ground level) at the Canton Tower in Guangzhou, southern China, to elucidate their primary sources and secondary formation processes. The concentrations of DCRCs at ground level were generally higher than those at 488 m. Oxalic acid (C2) was the most abundant species, followed by succinic acid (C4) and malonic acid (C3) at both heights. The higher ratio of DCRCs-bound carbon to organic carbon (i.e., DCRCs-C/OC) at 488 m (4.8 ± 1.2%) relative to that at ground level (2.7 ± 0.5%) indicated a higher degree of aerosol aging at 488 m. The abundance of C2 was increased and the conversion of C4 to C3 was enhanced due to the photochemical oxidation of its homologues during long-range transport periods. The increase in C2 was associated with in-cloud processes during pollution periods. Principal component analysis showed that DCRCs were mainly derived from atmospheric secondary processing and biomass burning was also an important source of long-chain carboxylic acids during autumn in Guangzhou. Our results illustrate that secondary processing and biomass burning play prominent roles in controlling the abundance of DCRCs. Furthermore, DCRCs are affected by air masses from regional areas, oxidation of their precursors via vertical transport and in-cloud processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Liu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
| | - Shengzhen Zhou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, PR China.
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Wanyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
| | - Min Shao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
| | - Junwen Liu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
| | - Xi Sun
- School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
| | - Jian Hang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
| | - Chenglei Pei
- Guangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, 510030, PR China
| | - Jingpu Zhang
- Guangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, 510030, PR China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
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Enami S, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. Stepwise Oxidation of Aqueous Dicarboxylic Acids by Gas-Phase OH Radicals. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:527-534. [PMID: 26261974 DOI: 10.1021/jz502432j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A leading source of uncertainty in predicting the climate and health effects of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is how its composition changes over their atmospheric lifetimes. Because dicarboxylic acid (DCA) homologues are widespread in SOA, their distribution provides an ideal probe of both aerosol age and the oxidative power of the atmosphere along its trajectory. Here we report, for the first time, on the oxidation of DCA(aq) by ·OH(g) at the air-water interface. We found that exposure of aqueous HOOC-Rn-COOH (Rn = C2H4, C3H6, C4H8, C5H10, and C6H12) microjets to ∼10 ns ·OH(g) pulses from the 266 nm laser photolysis of O3(g)/O2(g)/H2O(g) mixtures yields the corresponding (n-1) species O═C(H)-Rn-1-COO(-)/HOOC-Rn-1-COO(-), in addition to an array of closed-shell HOOC-Rn(-H)(OOH)-COO(-), HOOC-Rn(-2H)(═O)-COO(-), HOOC-Rn(-H)(OH)-COO(-), and radical HOOC-Rn(-H)(OO·)-COO(-) species. Oxalic and malonic acids, which are shown to be significantly less hydrophobic and reactive than their higher homologues, will predictably accumulate in SOA, in accordance with field observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- †The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8302, Japan
- ‡Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
- §PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Michael R Hoffmann
- ∥Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Agustín J Colussi
- ∥Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Si L, Ariya PA. Reduction of oxidized mercury species by dicarboxylic acids (C2-C4): kinetic and product studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:5150-5155. [PMID: 18754362 DOI: 10.1021/es800552z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is an environmental contaminant of global concern. The reduction of oxidized mercury species (Hg(II)) by organic acids to elemental mercury (Hg0) is significant for understanding the cycling of mercury between the atmosphere and aqueous systems. This study focused on the reduction of Hg(II) by small, semivolatile dicarboxylic acids (C2-C4). The reaction kinetics was studied using cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (CVAFS), and the products of the reaction were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. The effects of light, dissolved oxygen and chloride ion on reaction rates were also investigated. The highest reaction rates were observed in systems free of both oxygen and chloride ion with the second-order apparent rate constants of 1.2 x 10(4), 4.9 x 10(3), and 2.8 x 10(3) (L x mol(-1) x s(-1)) for oxalic, malonic, and succinic acids at pH 3.0 and T = 296 +/- 2 K, respectively. The photoreduction of Hg(II) was mediated by the complexes formed between Hg" and dicarboxylic acids, and the identified products were Hg0, hydroxycarboxylic acids and monocarboxylic acids. Our results also indicated that the presence of chloride ion significantly reduced the reduction rate by competing with the complexation of Hg" with dicarboxylic acids, while dissolved oxygen retarded the production of Hg0 by involving in the reoxidation of reduced Hg species to Hg(II). Based on our experimental results, a tentative mechanism is proposed and the potential environmental implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Si
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2K6
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Katrib Y, Martin ST, Hung HM, Rudich Y, Zhang H, Slowik JG, Davidovits P, Jayne JT, Worsnop DR. Products and Mechanisms of Ozone Reactions with Oleic Acid for Aerosol Particles Having Core−Shell Morphologies. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049759d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Katrib
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford St., Pierce Hall, Room 122, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, Department of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Chemistry Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, and Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 08121-3976
| | - Scot T. Martin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford St., Pierce Hall, Room 122, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, Department of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Chemistry Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, and Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 08121-3976
| | - Hui-Ming Hung
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford St., Pierce Hall, Room 122, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, Department of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Chemistry Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, and Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 08121-3976
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford St., Pierce Hall, Room 122, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, Department of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Chemistry Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, and Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 08121-3976
| | - Haizheng Zhang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford St., Pierce Hall, Room 122, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, Department of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Chemistry Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, and Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 08121-3976
| | - Jay G. Slowik
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford St., Pierce Hall, Room 122, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, Department of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Chemistry Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, and Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 08121-3976
| | - Paul Davidovits
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford St., Pierce Hall, Room 122, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, Department of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Chemistry Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, and Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 08121-3976
| | - John T. Jayne
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford St., Pierce Hall, Room 122, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, Department of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Chemistry Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, and Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 08121-3976
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford St., Pierce Hall, Room 122, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, Department of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Chemistry Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, and Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 08121-3976
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