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Kloskowski A, Pilarczyk M, Chrzanowski W, Namieśnik J. Sol-Gel Technique—A Versatile Tool for Adsorbent Preparation. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2010.490486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Co-isolation of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone with sol–gel immunoaffinity columns for their determination in wheat and wheat products. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5828-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Tang J, Zhang M, Cheng G, Lu Y. Preparation and Evaluation of Sol-Gel Glass-Based Immunoaffinity Column and their Potential Use in Determination of Diazinon in Water and Soil Samples with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802585709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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ZHOU Q, PANG L, XIE G, XIAO J, BAI H. Determination of Atrazine and Simazine in Environmental Water Samples by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:73-6. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang ZHOU
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Henan Normal University, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education
| | - Long PANG
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Henan Normal University, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education
| | - Guohong XIE
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Junping XIAO
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing
| | - Huahua BAI
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Henan Normal University, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education
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Nevado JJB, Cabanillas CG, Llerena MJV, Robledo VR. Sensitive SPE GC-MS-SIM screening of endocrine-disrupting herbicides and related degradation products in natural surface waters and robustness study. Microchem J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chuang JC, Van Emon JM, Jones R, Durnford J, Lordo RA. Development and application of immunoaffinity column chromatography for atrazine in complex sample media. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 583:32-9. [PMID: 17386523 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A rabbit antibody immunoaffinity (IA) column procedure was evaluated as a cleanup method for the determination of atrazine in soil, sediment, and food. Four IA columns were prepared by immobilizing a polyclonal rabbit anti-atrazine antibody solution to HiTrap Sepharose columns. Atrazine was bound to the IA columns when the loading solvents were either 100% water, 2% acetonitrile in water, or 10% methanol in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Quantitative removal of atrazine from the IA columns was achieved with elution solvents of either 70% ethanol in water, 70% methanol in water, or 100% methanol. One control column was prepared using nonspecific rabbit IgG antibody. This control column did not retain any applied atrazine indicating atrazine did not bind indiscriminately to protein or the Sepharose support. The four IA columns showed reproducible coupling efficiency for the immobilization of the atrazine antibody and consistent binding and releasing of atrazine. The coupling efficiency (4.25 mg of antibody in 1 mL of resin bed) for the four IA columns ranged from 93 to 97% with an average of 96+/-2% (2.1%). Recoveries of the 500, 50, and 5 ng mL(-1) atrazine standard solutions from the four IA columns were 107+/-7% (6.5%), 122+/-14% (12%), and 114+/-9% (8.0%) respectively, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) data. The maximum loading was approximately 700 ng of atrazine for each IA column (approximately 0.16 microg of atrazine per mg of antibody). The IA columns could withstand 100% methanol as the elution solvent and could be reused more than 50 times with no change in performance. The IA columns were challenged with soil, sediment, and duplicate-diet food samples and effectively removed interferences from these various matrices for subsequent gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or ELISA analysis. The log-transformed ELISA and GC/MS data were significantly correlated for soil, sediment and food samples although the ELISA values were slightly higher than those obtained by GC/MS. The IA column cleanup procedure coupled with ELISA analysis could be used as an alternative effective analytical method for the determination of atrazine in complex sample media such as soil, sediment, and food samples.
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Brenn-Struckhofova Z, Cichna-Markl M, Böhm C, Razzazi-Fazeli E. Selective Sample Cleanup by Reusable Sol−Gel Immunoaffinity Columns for Determination of Deoxynivalenol in Food and Feed Samples. Anal Chem 2006; 79:710-7. [PMID: 17222041 DOI: 10.1021/ac061672w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes the development of a simple and highly selective method for the determination of deoxynivalenol (DON) in food and feed samples. It combines sample cleanup with sol-gel immunoaffinity columns containing monoclonal anti-DON antibodies and quantification of DON by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The sol-gel immunoaffinity columns are as selective as commercial DON immunoaffinity columns but superior with regard to production costs, storage stability, and reusability. In applying the method for the analysis of maize, wheat, and spaghetti samples, it offers detection limits (LOD, S/N = 3) of 240, 200, and 207 ng/g, and recoveries of 83, 99, and 97%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Brenn-Struckhofova
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Zhang X, Martens D, Krämer PM, Kettrup AA, Liang X. On-line immunoaffinity column-liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for trace analysis of diuron in wastewater treatment plant effluent sample. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1133:112-8. [PMID: 16934272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An on-line immunoaffinity column with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (IAC-LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of diuron in water matrices was described. This method used a sol-gel immunoaffinity column (20 mm x 4 mm I.D.) for on-line sample cleanup and enrichment, a monolithic analytical column (100 mm x 4.6 mm I.D.) for separation, and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for quantitation. The major challenges for the on-line set-up were discussed. The optimized on-line protocol was emphasized by the fact that low limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.0 ng/L was achieved with only 2.5-mL sample. In addition, a satisfactory accuracy ( approximately 90% of recovery) and precision (<6% of relative standard deviation) at 50 ng/L concentration were also obtained. Due to the ability of the sol-gel immunoaffinity column to eliminate matrix effect, the on-line IAC-LC-MS/MS analysis method can reliably determine diuron in wastewater treatment plant effluent sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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Cichna-Markl M. Selective sample preparation with bioaffinity columns prepared by the sol–gel method. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1124:167-80. [PMID: 16842802 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bioaffinity materials prepared by entrapping highly selective bioligands in the pores of a sol-gel glass offer unique advantages for the clean-up of complex sample matrices. The inclusion of sol-gel bioaffinity columns frequently allows the efficient elimination of interfering matrix components and enrichment of analytes in a simple step. After introducing the basic principles the paper reviews the methods for the production of protein-doped sol-gel materials and discusses the characteristics of sol-gel affinity columns by comparing their stability, selectivity, binding capacity and reusability. The potential of sample clean-up with sol-gel affinity columns is demonstrated giving applications in environmental, food and clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Cichna-Markl
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Degelmann P, Egger S, Jürling H, Müller J, Niessner R, Knopp D. Determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in water and food samples using sol-gel glass-based immunoaffinity extraction and liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/diode array detection or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:2003-11. [PMID: 16536568 DOI: 10.1021/jf052718+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunoaffinity supports (IAS) were prepared using broad specific polyclonal anti-sulfonylurea (SU) antibodies immobilized in sol-gel glass. Two different kinds of supports were applied, crushed sol-gel monoliths and sol-gel-coated highly porous silica particles. Both were used for the quantitative enrichment of SUs in natural water and food samples followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/diode array detection (HPLC-UV/DAD) and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively. Loading, washing, and elution conditions of IAS were optimized. The capacity of supports was determined for 30 SUs and compared with the cross-reactivity pattern of the direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The capacities correlated well with the affinity to individual SU compounds. Even analytes to which the polyclonal antibodies showed only a lower cross-reactivity could be enriched to a certain degree, if a sufficient capacity of IAS was provided. The IAS could be reused at least 10 times without a loss of effectiveness. Recovery of 16 selected SUs extracted from spiked water and food samples was dependent on the affinity of both immobilized antibodies to single compounds and matrix interferences. In water, 13 SUs showed recoveries higher than 80% when immunoaffinity extraction was used in combination with LC-UV/DAD. On the basis of the enrichment of 200 mL of aqueous sample, corresponding limit of detection (LOD) values ranged between 20 and 100 ng/L. The recoveries of 10 SUs, which were extracted from 10 g of potato spiked at a 10 microg/kg level, were higher than 75%. For grain samples, recoveries were at the same order for at least five SU herbicides. The LOD of LC-MS/MS measurements was about 1 order of magnitude higher, i.e., gave LODs between 1.1 and 6.9 microg/kg of food sample, depending on the compound and extraction procedure. These LODs provide evidence that the main advantage of the prepared IAS is their high selectivity for group specific recognition of SUs as compared to other nonspecific solid phase extraction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Degelmann
- Institute of Hydrochemistry and Chemical Balneology, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Besanger TR, Hodgson RJ, Green JRA, Brennan JD. Immobilized enzyme reactor chromatography: Optimization of protein retention and enzyme activity in monolithic silica stationary phases. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 564:106-15. [PMID: 17723368 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our group recently reported on the application of protein-doped monolithic silica columns for immobilized enzyme reactor chromatography, which allowed screening of enzyme inhibitors present in mixtures using mass spectrometry for detection. The enzyme was immobilized by entrapment within a bimodal meso/macroporous silica material prepared by a biocompatible sol-gel processing route. While such columns proved to be useful for applications such as screening of protein-ligand interactions, significant amounts of entrapped proteins leached from the columns owing to the high proportion of macropores within the materials. Herein, we describe a detailed study of factors affecting the morphology of protein-doped bioaffinity columns and demonstrate that specific pH values and concentrations of poly(ethylene glycol) can be used to prepare essentially mesoporous columns that retain over 80% of initially loaded enzyme in an active and accessible form and yet still retain sufficient porosity to allow pressure-driven flow in the low muL/min range. Using the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), we further evaluated the catalytic constants of the enzyme entrapped in capillary columns with different silica morphologies as a function of flowrate and backpressure using the enzyme reactor assay mode. It was found that the apparent activity of the enzyme was highest in mesoporous columns that retained high levels of enzyme. In such columns, enzyme activity increased by approximately 2-fold with increases in both flowrate (from 250 to 1000 nL/min) and backpressure generated (from 500 to 2100 psi) during the chromatographic activity assay owing to increases in k(cat) and decreases in K(M), switching from diffusion controlled to reaction controlled conditions at ca. 2000 psi. These results suggest that columns with minimal macropore volumes (<5%) are advantageous for the entrapment of soluble proteins for bioaffinity and bioreactor chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis R Besanger
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ont. L8S 4M1, Canada
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Besanger TR, Hodgson RJ, Guillon D, Brennan JD. Monolithic membrane-receptor columns: Optimization of column performance for frontal affinity chromatography/mass spectrometry applications. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang X, Martens D, Krämer PM, Kettrup AA, Liang X. Development and application of a sol–gel immunosorbent-based method for the determination of isoproturon in surface water. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1102:84-90. [PMID: 16300773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Revised: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An immunosorbent was fabricated by encapsulation of monoclonal anti-isoproturon antibodies in sol-gel matrix. The immunosorbent-based loading, rinsing and eluting processes were optimized. Based on these optimizations, the sol-gel immunosorbent (SG-IS) selectively extracted isoproturon from an artificial mixture of 68 pesticides. In addition to this high selectivity, the SG-IS proved to be reusable. The SG-IS was combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) to determine isoproturon in surface water, and the linear range was up to 2.2 microg/l with correlation coefficient higher than 0.99 and relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 5% (n=8). The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for 25-ml surface water sample was 5 ng/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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Avnir D, Coradin T, Lev O, Livage J. Recent bio-applications of sol–gel materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b512706h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 629] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vera-Avila LE, Vázquez-Lira JC, García de Llasera M, Covarrubias R. Sol-gel immunosorbents doped with polyclonal antibodies for the selective extraction of malathion and triazines from aqueous samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:5421-6. [PMID: 16082975 DOI: 10.1021/es048000c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sol-gel immunosorbents (IS) prepared by encapsulation of polyclonal antibodies in silica were packed in cartridges and evaluated for selective immunoaffinity extraction (IAE) of malathion and triazines from aqueous samples. Encapsulated atrazine antibodies highly cross-reacted with simazine and propazine but did not recognize prometon and prometryn. No cross-reactivity of malathion antibodies was observed with the closely related metabolites oxomalathion and isomalathion. Mean IS binding capacities per milligram of entrapped antibody were 0.33 nmol of malathion and 0.47 nmol of atrazine (approximately 100 ng each). This capacity remained constant for at least 10 weeks, and the cartridge reusability was excellent (>60 IAE runs); also, high preconcentration factors were feasible because the breakthrough of analytes from IS cartridges did not occur up to the 250 mL sample volumes, provided that the capacity was not surpassed. Simple and rapid methods for determination of malathion or three triazines in surface water were developed using off-line IAE and HPLC-UV. The application to 50 mL dam water samples spiked at approximately 1 ng/mL of pesticides resulted in recoveries of approximately 90% and RSD < 5% (n=7). LODs for this sample volume (direct injection of IS eluates) were in the range of 0.15-0.50 ng/mL. Lower LODs (0.03-0.1 ng/mL) were achieved by online analysis of whole eluates previously loaded in RP precolumns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz E Vera-Avila
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, DF, México.
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Abstract
Immuno-based sample preparation techniques are based upon molecular recognition. Thanks to the high affinity and high selectivity of the antigen-antibody interaction, they have been shown to be a unique tool in the sampling area. Immuno-based sample preparation methods include the widely encountered immunoaffinity extraction sorbents, so-called immunosorbents, as well as membrane-baed or ultrafiltration techniques. This review describes the new developments and applications that have occurred in recent years with emphasis on (i) the antigen-antibody interactions, (ii) and their importance for the properties and use of immunosorbents, (iii) multiresidue extractions, (iv) the on-line coupling to chromatographic or electrophoretic separations, and (v) the high potential for improving MS detection. The recent use of artificial antibodies for sample pretreatment, so-called molecularly imprinted polymers, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Hennion
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique (UMR CNRS 7121) Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris 05, France.
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Gelman F, Blum J, Avnir D. One-pot sequences of reactions with sol-gel entrapped opposing reagents: an enzyme and metal-complex catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:14460-3. [PMID: 12452722 DOI: 10.1021/ja020799+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We extend our sol-gel methodology of one-pot sequences of reactions with opposing reagents to an enzyme/metal-complex pair. Sol-gel entrapped lipase and sol-gel entrapped RhCl[P(C(6)H(5))(3)](3) or Rh(2)Co(2)(CO)(12) were used for one-pot esterification and C-C double bond hydrogenation reactions, leading to saturated esters in good yields. When only the enzyme is entrapped, the homogeneous catalysts quench its activity and poison it. Thus, when 10-undecenoic acid and 1-pentanol were subjected in one pot to the entrapped lipase and to homogeneously dissolved RhCl[P(C(6)H(5))(3)](3) under hydrogen pressure, only 7% of the saturated 1-pentyl undecanoate was obtained. The yield jumped 6.5-fold when both the enzyme and the catalyst were immobilized separately in silica sol-gel matrixes. Similar one-pot esterifications and hydrogenations by sol-gel entrapped lipase and heterogenized rhodium complexes were carried out successfully with the saturated nonoic, undecanoic, and lauric acids together with several saturated and unsaturated alcohols. The use of (S)-(-)-2-methylbutanol afforded an optically pure ester. The heterogenized lipase is capable of inducing asymmetry during esterification with a prochiral alcohol. Both the entrapped lipase and the immobilized rhodium catalysts can be recovered simply by filtration and recycled in further runs without loss of catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faina Gelman
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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