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Hudari MSB, Richnow H, Vogt C, Nijenhuis I. Mini-review: effect of temperature on microbial reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated ethenes: a review. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6638985. [PMID: 35810002 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a key factor affecting microbial activity and ecology. An increase in temperature generally increases rates of microbial processes up to a certain threshold, above which rates decline rapidly. In the subsurface, temperature of groundwater is usually stable and related to the annual average temperature at the surface. However, anthropogenic activities related to the use of the subsurface, e.g. for thermal heat management, foremost heat storage, will affect the temperature of groundwater locally. This mini-review intends to summarize the current knowledge on reductive dehalogenation activities of the chlorinated ethenes, common urban groundwater contaminants, at different temperatures. This includes an overview of activity and dehalogenation extent at different temperatures in laboratory isolates and enrichment cultures, the effect of shifts in temperature in micro- and mesocosm studies as well as observed biotransformation at different natural and induced temperatures at contaminated field sites. Furthermore, we address indirect effects on biotransformation, e.g. changes in fermentation, methanogenesis and sulfate reduction as competing or synergetic microbial processes. Finally, we address the current gaps in knowledge regarding bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes, microbial community shifts and bottlenecks for active combination with thermal energy storage, and necessities for bioaugmentation and/or natural re-populations after exposure to high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sufian Bin Hudari
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Vogt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Yang K, Zhao Y, Ji M, Li Z, Zhai S, Zhou X, Wang Q, Wang C, Liang B. Challenges and opportunities for the biodegradation of chlorophenols: Aerobic, anaerobic and bioelectrochemical processes. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 193:116862. [PMID: 33550168 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenols (CPs) are highly toxic and refractory contaminants which widely exist in various environments and cause serious harm to human and environment health and safety. This review provides comprehensive information on typical CPs biodegradation technologies, the most green and benign ones for CPs removal. The known aerobic and anaerobic degradative bacteria, functional enzymes, and metabolic pathways of CPs as well as several improving methods and critical parameters affecting the overall degradation efficiency are systematically summarized and clarified. The challenges for CPs mineralization are also discussed, mainly including the dechlorination of polychlorophenols (poly-CPs) under aerobic condition and the ring-cleavage of monochlorophenols (MCPs) under anaerobic condition. The coupling of functional materials and degraders as well as the operation of sequential anaerobic-aerobic bioreactors and bioelectrochemical system (BES) are promising strategies to overcome some current limitations. Future perspective and research gaps in this field are also proposed, including the further understanding of microbial information and the specific role of materials in CPs biodegradation, the potential application of innovative biotechnologies and new operating modes to optimize and maximize the function of the system, and the scale-up of bioreactors towards the efficient biodegradation of CPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichao Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Siyuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bin Liang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Huynh K, Reinhold D. Uptake, translocation, and metabolism of sulfamethazine by Arabidopsis thaliana: distinguishing between phytometabolites and abiotic transformation products in the media. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:412-419. [PMID: 31549518 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1667952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant accumulation of antibiotic residues presents potential risks to human and ecosystem health. However, the phytometabolic pathways of antibiotics following plant uptake are still largely uncharacterized. This study investigated the phytometabolism of sulfamethazine (SMT) by Arabidopsis thaliana, using 14C-labeled and unlabeled SMT. SMT was accumulated in both roots and shoots of axenic A. thaliana plants (123.7 ± 12.3 and 22.7 ± 1.0 µg/kg fw, respectively) after 21 days of exposure. However, the parent 14C-SMT accounted for only 1.7 ± 0.01% of the total 14C-radioactivity in plant tissues. The majority of 14C-radioactivity taken up by plants was present as bound residues (42.0-68.2% of initially applied 14C-SMT), while extractable 14C-residues accounted for only 7.7-12.6%. A. thaliana metabolized SMT primarily through glycosylation at the N4-nitrogen atom. Additionally, other products, including pterin-SMT, methylsalicylate-SMT, N4-formyl-SMT, desulfo-SMT, hydroxyl-SMT, N4-acetyl-SMT, desamino-SMT, and 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, were also identified. Notably, a portion of the extractable metabolites was excreted into the culture media, requiring characterization of these metabolites as either excreted phytometabolites or abiotic transformation products of SMT based on comparisons between experimental and control reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khang Huynh
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Dawn Reinhold
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Wan J, Chen C, Chen J, Miao Q, Liu Y, Ye J, Chen K, Jin Y, Tang X, Shen C. Acceleration of perchloroethylene dechlorination by extracellular secretions from Microbacterium in a mixed culture containing Desulfitobacterium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:651-657. [PMID: 30481679 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to demonstrate the influence of extracellular secretions from Microbacterium on the reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE). A series of mixed cultures were established from a paddy soil sample. In the mixed cultures amended with extracellular secretions from Microbacterium, PCE was rapidly and completely converted into cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and trans-1,2-dichloroethene (trans-DCE) within 40 days. The unamended mixed cultures showed weak signs of dechlorination after a pronounced lag phase, and trichloroethene (TCE) was accumulated as a major end product. This result means that amendment with extracellular secretions from Microbacterium shortened the lag phase, increased the dechlorination velocity and promoted the production of less-chlorinated chloroethene. The results were corroborated by defined subculture experiments, which proved that microorganisms from unamended mixed cultures could also be stimulated by extracellular secretions from Microbacterium. Desulfitobacterium was identified as the main dechlorinating population in all mixed cultures by direct PCR. Additionally, the 16S rRNA gene copies of Desulfitobacterium increased by one or two orders of magnitude with PCE dechlorination, which provided corroborative evidence for the identification result. The volatile fatty acids were monitored, and most interestingly, a close association between propionate oxidation and dechlorination was found, which has rarely been mentioned before. It was assumed that the oxidation of propionate provided hydrogen for dechlorination, while dechlorination facilitated the shift of the reaction toward propionate oxidation by reducing the partial pressure of hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Wan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Miao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yindong Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junxiang Ye
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kezhen Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiying Jin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjin Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, China.
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5
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Effect of o-chlorophenol concentration on biomass during sulfate-reduction dechlorination in two different systems. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Yang Y, Cápiro NL, Marcet TF, Yan J, Pennell KD, Löffler FE. Organohalide Respiration with Chlorinated Ethenes under Low pH Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8579-8588. [PMID: 28665587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation at chlorinated solvent sites often leads to groundwater acidification due to electron donor fermentation and enhanced dechlorination activity. The microbial reductive dechlorination process is robust at circumneutral pH, but activity declines at groundwater pH values below 6.0. Consistent with this observation, the activity of tetrachloroethene (PCE) dechlorinating cultures declined at pH 6.0 and was not sustained in pH 5.5 medium, with one notable exception. Sulfurospirillum multivorans dechlorinated PCE to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) in pH 5.5 medium and maintained this activity upon repeated transfers. Microcosms established with soil and aquifer materials from five distinct locations dechlorinated PCE-to-ethene at pH 5.5 and pH 7.2. Dechlorination to ethene was maintained following repeated transfers at pH 7.2, but no ethene was produced at pH 5.5, and only the transfer cultures derived from the Axton Cross Superfund (ACS) microcosms sustained PCE dechlorination to cDCE as a final product. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of pH 7.2 and pH 5.5 ACS enrichments revealed distinct microbial communities, with the dominant dechlorinator being Dehalococcoides in pH 7.2 and Sulfurospirillum in pH 5.5 cultures. PCE-to-trichloroethene- (TCE-) and PCE-to-cDCE-dechlorinating isolates obtained from the ACS pH 5.5 enrichment shared 98.6%, and 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Sulfurospirillum multivorans. These findings imply that sustained Dehalococcoides activity cannot be expected in low pH (i.e., ≤ 5.5) groundwater, and organohalide-respiring Sulfurospirillum spp. are key contributors to in situ PCE reductive dechlorination under low pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie L Cápiro
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Tyler F Marcet
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | | | - Kurt D Pennell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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7
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Ge T, Han J, Qi Y, Gu X, Ma L, Zhang C, Naeem S, Huang D. The toxic effects of chlorophenols and associated mechanisms in fish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 184:78-93. [PMID: 28119128 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenols (CPs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment primarily released from agricultural and industrial wastewater. These compounds are not readily degraded naturally, and easily accumulate in organs, tissues and cells via food chains, further leading to acute and chronic toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Herein, we review the available literature regarding CP toxicity in fish, with special emphasis on the potential toxic mechanisms. CPs cause oxidative stress via generation of reactive oxygen species, induction of lipid peroxidation and/or oxidative DNA damage along with inhibition of antioxidant systems. CPs affect immune system by altering the number of mature B cells and macrophages, while suppressing phagocytosis and down-regulating the expression of immune factors. CPs also disrupt endocrine function by affecting hormone levels, or inducing abnormal gene expression and interference with hormone receptors. CPs at relatively higher concentrations induce apoptosis via mitochondria-mediated pathway, cell death receptor-mediated pathway, and/or DNA damage-mediated pathway. CPs at relatively lower concentrations promote cell proliferation, and foster cancers-prone environment by increasing the rate of point mutations and oxidative DNA lesions. These toxic effects in fish are induced directly by CPs per se or indirectly by their metabolic products. In addition, recent studies on the alteration of DNA methylation by CPs through high-throughput DNA sequencing analysis provide new insights into our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying CPs toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ge
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiangyuan Han
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongmei Qi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xueyan Gu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sajid Naeem
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dejun Huang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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8
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Nwosu UG, Roy A, dela Cruz ALN, Dellinger B, Cook R. Formation of environmentally persistent free radical (EPFR) in iron(III) cation-exchanged smectite clay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:42-50. [PMID: 26647158 PMCID: PMC4743249 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00554j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been found at a number of Superfund sites, with EPFRs being formed via a proposed redox process at ambient environmental conditions. The possibility of such a redox process taking place at ambient environmental conditions is studied utilizing a surrogate soil system of phenol and iron(III)-exchanged calcium montmorillonite clay, Fe(III)CaM. Sorption of phenol by the Fe(III)CaM is demonstrated by Fourier-transformed infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, as evidenced by the peaks between 1345 cm(-1) and 1595 cm(-1), and at lower frequencies between 694 cm(-1) and 806 cm(-1), as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, as shown by an increase in interlayer spacing within Fe(III)CaM. The formation and characterization of the EPFRs is determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, showing phenoxyl-type radical with a g-factor of 2.0034 and ΔHP-P of 6.1 G at an average concentration of 7.5 × 10(17) spins per g. EPFRs lifetime data are indicative of oxygen and water molecules being responsible for EPFR decay. The change in the oxidation state of the iron redox center is studied by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, showing that 23% of the Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II). X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) results confirm the XANES results. These findings, when combined with the EPFR concentration data, demonstrate that the stoichiometry of the EPFR formation under the conditions of this study is 1.5 × 10(-2) spins per Fe(II) atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugwumsinachi G Nwosu
- Louisiana State University, Department of Chemistry, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. and Louisiana State University Superfund Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Amitava Roy
- Centre for Advanced Microstructures & Devices, Louisiana State University, 6980 Jefferson Highway, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, USA
| | - Albert Leo N dela Cruz
- Louisiana State University, Department of Chemistry, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. and Louisiana State University Superfund Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Barry Dellinger
- Louisiana State University, Department of Chemistry, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. and Louisiana State University Superfund Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Robert Cook
- Louisiana State University, Department of Chemistry, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. and Louisiana State University Superfund Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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9
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Reinhold D, Handell L, Saunders FM. Callus cultures for phytometabolism studies: phytometabolites of 3-trifluoromethylphenol in Lemnaceae plants and callus cultures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2011; 13:642-656. [PMID: 21972492 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2010.507639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant callus cultures have the potential to advance phytoremediation science by allowing study of cellular phytometabolism in absence of sorption, translocation, microbial degradation, and other phytoremediation processes; however, studies demonstrating the applicability of results from callus cultures to whole plants are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasability and applicability of using callus cultures to study phytometabolism. This aim was accomplished through evaluation of induction and growth of Lemnaceae callus cultures and comparison of phytometabolism in callus cultures and whole plants. Four out of eight published methods for callus culture of Lemnaceae successfully induced callus cultures that exhibited doubling times of 1.7 to 23 wks. Callus cultures and whole plants of Landoltia punctata and Lemna minor metabolized 3-trifluoromethylphenol (3-TFMP) through conjugation with glucopyranoside, malonyl-glucopyranoside, and glucopyranosyl-apiofuranoside. However, concentrations of metabolites were approximately 10 times less in callus cultures than in plants. While results demonstrated applicability of callus cultures results to whole plants, the low success rate of callus induction procedures, length of time required to produce substantial callus mass, and the low accumulation of metabolites in callus cultures may limit the feasibility of callus cultures for assessing phytometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Reinhold
- Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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10
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Reinhold D, Vishwanathan S, Park JJ, Oh D, Michael Saunders F. Assessment of plant-driven removal of emerging organic pollutants by duckweed. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:687-692. [PMID: 20580410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Constructed treatment wetlands have the potential to reclaim wastewaters through removal of trace concentrations of emerging organic pollutants, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides. Flask-scale assessments incorporating active and inactivated duckweed were used to screen for plant-associated removal of emerging organic pollutants in aquatic plant systems. Removals of four of eight pollutants, specifically atrazine, meta-N,N-diethyl toluamide (DEET), picloram, and clofibric acid, were negligible in all experimental systems, while duckweed actively increased aqueous depletion of fluoxetine, ibuprofen, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and triclosan. Active plant processes affecting depletion of experimental pollutants included enhancement of microbial degradation of ibuprofen, uptake of fluoxetine, and uptake of degradation products of triclosan and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Passive plant processes, particularly sorption, also contributed to aqueous depletion of fluoxetine and triclosan. Overall, studies demonstrated that aquatic plants contribute directly and indirectly to the aqueous depletion of emerging organic pollutants in wetland systems through both active and passive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Reinhold
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 790 Atlantic Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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11
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Fletcher KE, Boyanov MI, Thomas SH, Wu Q, Kemner KM, Löffler FE. U(VI) reduction to mononuclear U(IV) by Desulfitobacterium species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:4705-4709. [PMID: 20469854 DOI: 10.1021/es903636c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The bioreduction of U(VI) to U(IV) affects uranium mobility and fate in contaminated subsurface environments and is best understood in Gram-negative model organisms such as Geobacter and Shewanella spp. This study demonstrates that U(VI) reduction is a common trait of Gram-positive Desulfitobacterium spp. Five different Desulfitobacterium isolates reduced 100 microM U(VI) to U(IV) in <10 days, whereas U(VI) remained soluble in abiotic and heat-killed controls. U(VI) reduction in live cultures was confirmed using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis. Interestingly, although bioreduction of U(VI) is almost always reported to yield the uraninite mineral (UO(2)), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis demonstrated that the U(IV) produced in the Desulfitobacterium cultures was not UO(2). The EXAFS data indicated that the U(IV) product was a phase or mineral composed of mononuclear U(IV) atoms closely surrounded by light element shells. This atomic arrangement likely results from inner-sphere bonds between U(IV) and C/N/O- or P/S-containing ligands, such as carbonate or phosphate. The formation of a distinct U(IV) phase warrants further study because the characteristics of the reduced material affect uranium stability and fate in the contaminated subsurface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Fletcher
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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12
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Yang Y, Hunter W, Tao S, Gan J. Effects of black carbon on pyrethroid availability in sediment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:232-238. [PMID: 19090765 DOI: 10.1021/jf8026759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are widely used synthetic insecticides with the characteristics of high hydrophobicity and broad-spectrum aquatic toxicity. Many studies indicate that black carbon (BC) plays an important role in the bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in soils and sediments. However, the effect of BC on bioavailability of other compounds such as pyrethroids in sediments is less known. In this study, we simultaneously measured pyrethroid uptake into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fibers and 24 h bioaccumulation in Chironomus tentans in a sediment amended with a charcoal at different rates. There were significant negative correlations between the accumulation of pyrethroids in PDMS fibers (C(PDMS)) and the charcoal level in sediment. When the charcoal content was increased from 0 to 1.0%, C(PDMS) decreased by 5.7-9.1%. Amendment of 1.5% charcoal to the original sediment decreased biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of (14)C-permethrin in C. tentans from 2.8 to 1.7. The effect of charcoal was further found to be similar for the different subcellular fractions of C. tentans, including cell debris, organelles and proteins, and granules. The overall effect of charcoal on pyrethroid availability, however, was modest, and adsorption of pyrethroids on pure charcoal was found to be similar to that on sediment organic carbon. The relatively weak sorption on charcoal was likely due to the large molecular weight and sizes of pyrethroids, which might hinder their diffusion into charcoal nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Hiraishi A. Biodiversity of Dehalorespiring Bacteria with Special Emphasis on Polychlorinated Biphenyl/Dioxin Dechlorinators. Microbes Environ 2008; 23:1-12. [DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.23.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hiraishi
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology
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14
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Laurent F, Canlet C, Debrauwer L, Pascal-Lorber S. Metabolic fate of [(14)C]-2,4-dichlorophenol in tobacco cell suspension cultures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2007; 26:2299-307. [PMID: 17941740 DOI: 10.1897/07-036r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In plant tissues, xenobiotics often are conjugated with natural constituents such as sugars, amino acids, glutathione, and malonic acid. Usually, conjugation processes result in a decrease in the reactivity and toxicity of xenobiotics by increasing the water solubility and polarity of conjugates, and reducing their mobility. Due to their lack of an efficient excretory system, xenobiotic conjugates finally are sequestered in plant storage compartments or cell vacuoles, or are integrated as bound residues in cell walls. Chlorophenols are potentially harmful pollutants that are found in numerous natural and agricultural systems. We studied the metabolic fate of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) in cell-suspension cultures of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). After a standard metabolism experiment, 48 h of incubation with a [U-phenyl-(14)C]-DCP solution, aqueous extracts of cell suspension cultures were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Metabolites then were isolated and their chemical structures determined by enzymatic and chemical hydrolyses, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry in negative mode (ESI-NI), and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The main terminal metabolites identified were DCP-glycoside conjugates, DCP-(6-O-malonyl)-glucoside, DCP-(6-O-acetyl)-glucoside, and their precursor, DCP-glucoside. More unusual and complex DCP conjugates such as an alpha(1-->6)-glucosyl-pentose and a triglycoside containing a glucuronic acid were further characterized. All the metabolites identified were complex glycoside conjugates. However, these conjugates still may be a source of DCP in hydrolysis reactions caused by microorganisms in the environment or in the digestive tract of animals and humans. Removal of xenobiotics by glycoside conjugation thus may result in underestimation of the risk associated with toxic compounds like DCP in the environment or in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Laurent
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unite Mixte de Recherches 1089 Xénobiotiques, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
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Tront JM, Saunders FM. Sequestration of a fluorinated analog of 2,4-dichlorophenol and metabolic products by L. minor as evidenced by 19F NMR. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2007; 145:708-14. [PMID: 17000040 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 05/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fate of halogenated phenols in plants was investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to identify and quantify contaminants and their metabolites. Metabolites of 4-chloro-2-fluorophenol (4-Cl-2-FP), as well as the parent compound, were detected in acetonitrile extracts using 19F NMR after various exposure periods. Several fluorinated metabolites with chemical shifts approximately 3.5 ppm from the parent compound were present in plant extracts. Metabolites isolated in extracts were tentatively identified as fluorinated-chlorophenol conjugates through examination of signal-splitting patterns and relative chemical shifts. Signal intensity was used to quantify contaminant and metabolite accumulation within plant tissues. The quantity of 4-Cl-2-F metabolites increased with time and mass balance closures of 90-110% were achieved. In addition, solid phase 19F NMR was used to identify 4-Cl-2-FP which was chemically bound to plant material. This work used 19F NMR for developing a time series description of contaminant accumulation and transformation in aquatic plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Tront
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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