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Bell DM, Pospisilova V, Lopez-Hilfiker F, Bertrand A, Xiao M, Zhou X, Huang W, Wang DS, Lee CP, Dommen J, Baltensperger U, Prevot ASH, El Haddad I, Slowik JG. Effect of OH scavengers on the chemical composition of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2023; 3:115-123. [PMID: 36743126 PMCID: PMC9850668 DOI: 10.1039/d2ea00105e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OH scavengers are extensively used in studies of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) because they create an idealized environment where only a single oxidation pathway is occurring. Here, we present a detailed molecular characterization of SOA produced from α-pinene + O3 with a variety of OH scavengers using the extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer in our atmospheric simulation chamber, which is complemented by characterizing the gas phase composition in flow reactor experiments. Under our experimental conditions, radical chemistry largely controls the composition of SOA. Besides playing their desired role in suppressing the reaction of α-pinene with OH, OH scavengers alter the reaction pathways of radicals produced from α-pinene + O3. This involves changing the HO2 : RO2 ratio, the identity of the RO2 radicals present, and the RO2 major sinks. As a result, the use of the OH scavengers has significant effects on the composition of SOA, including inclusions of scavenger molecules in SOA, the promotion of fragmentation reactions, and depletion of dimers formed via α-pinene RO2-RO2 reactions. To date fragmentation reactions and inclusion of OH scavenger products into secondary organic aerosol have not been reported in atmospheric simulation chamber studies. Therefore, care should be considered if and when to use an OH scavenger during experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Bell
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland,Tofwerk3600 ThunSwitzerland
| | - Felipe Lopez-Hilfiker
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland,Tofwerk3600 ThunSwitzerland
| | - Amelie Bertrand
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Dongyu S. Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Chuan Ping Lee
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Andre S. H. Prevot
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Jay G. Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland
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Liu J, D'Ambro EL, Lee BH, Schobesberger S, Bell DM, Zaveri RA, Zelenyuk A, Thornton JA, Shilling JE. Monoterpene Photooxidation in a Continuous-Flow Chamber: SOA Yields and Impacts of Oxidants, NO x, and VOC Precursors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12066-12076. [PMID: 35976919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpene photooxidation plays an important role in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere. The low-volatility products can enhance new particle formation and particle growth and thus influence climate feedback. Here, we present the results of α-pinene and Δ-3-carene photooxidation experiments conducted in continuous-flow mode in an environmental chamber under several reaction conditions. The roles of oxidants, addition of NO, and VOC molecular structure in influencing SOA yield are illustrated. SOA yield from α-pinene photooxidation shows a weak dependence on H2O2 concentration, which is a proxy for HO2 concentration. The high O/C ratios observed in the α-pinene photooxidation products suggest the production of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM). Addition of ozone to the chamber during low-NOx photooxidation experiments leads to higher SOA yield. With the addition of NO, the production of N-containing HOMs is enhanced and the SOA yield shows a modest, nonlinear dependence on the input NO concentration. Carene photooxidation leads to higher SOA yield than α-pinene under similar reaction conditions, which agrees with the lower volatility retrieved from evaporation kinetics experiments. These results improve the understanding of SOA formation from monoterpene photooxidation and could be applied to refine the representation of biogenic SOA formation in models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiumeng Liu
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Emma L D'Ambro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ben Hwan Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Siegfried Schobesberger
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David M Bell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Rahul A Zaveri
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Alla Zelenyuk
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Joel A Thornton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - John E Shilling
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Mofikoya AO, Yli-Pirilä P, Kivimäenpää M, Blande JD, Virtanen A, Holopainen JK. Deposition of α-pinene oxidation products on plant surfaces affects plant VOC emission and herbivore feeding and oviposition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114437. [PMID: 32268226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
White cabbage, Brassica oleracea, plants and artificial leaves covered with B. oleracea epicuticular wax were exposed to α-pinene and α-pinene oxidation products formed through the oxidation of α-pinene by ozone (O3) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals. O3 and OH-induced oxidation of α-pinene led to the formation of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) and secondary organic aerosol particles (SOA), referred to together as oxidation products (OP). Exposure of cabbage plants to O3 and OH-induced α-pinene OP led to the deposition and re-emission of gas-phase OP by exposed cabbage plants. In a series of 2-choice bioassays, the specialist cruciferous herbivore, Plutella xylostella adults deposited less eggs on artificial leaves exposed to α-pinene OP than on control plants exposed to clean filtered air. P. xylostella larvae did not show a specific feeding preference when offered leaves from different exposure treatments. However, the generalist Indian stick insect, Carausius morosus, fed more on control filtered air-exposed plants than on those exposed to α-pinene OP. Taken together, our results show that exposure to α-pinene oxidation products affects VOC emissions of B. oleracea and alters P. xylostella oviposition and C. morosus feeding responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedayo O Mofikoya
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Pasi Yli-Pirilä
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Kivimäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annele Virtanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo K Holopainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Han Y, Gong Z, Liu P, de Sá SS, McKinney KA, Martin ST. Influence of Particle Surface Area Concentration on the Production of Organic Particulate Matter in a Continuously Mixed Flow Reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4968-4976. [PMID: 30924647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic particulate matter (PM) was produced at different particle surface area concentrations S in a continuously mixed flow reactor (CMFR). The apparent PM yield from the dark ozonolysis of α-pinene increased from 24.5 ± 0.7% to 57.1 ± 0.6% for an increase in S from 0.55 to 2.87 × 103 μm2·surface cm-3·volume. The apparent yield saturated for S > 2.1 × 103 μm2 cm-3. There was hysteresis in the apparent yield for experiments of increasing compared to decreasing S. The relative timescales of gas-particle interactions, gas-wall interactions, and thereby particle-wall cross interactions could explain the results. The PM carbon oxidation state and oxygen-to-carbon atomic ratio decreased from -0.19 to -0.47 and 0.62 to 0.51, respectively, for increasing S, suggesting that greater partitioning of semivolatile organic species into the PM contributed to the increased PM yield. A thorough understanding of the role of gas-wall interactions on apparent PM yield is essential for the extension of laboratory results into predictions of atmospheric PM production, and comparative results from CMFRs and batch reactors can be informative in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemei Han
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment , Chinese Academy of Science , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710061 , China
| | - Zhaoheng Gong
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Pengfei Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Suzane S de Sá
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Karena A McKinney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Scot T Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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5
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Wu W, Zhao B, Wang S, Hao J. Ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 53:224-237. [PMID: 28372747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major precursors for ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), both of which greatly harm human health and significantly affect the Earth's climate. We simultaneously estimated ozone and SOA formation from anthropogenic VOCs emissions in China by employing photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) values and SOA yields. We gave special attention to large molecular species and adopted the SOA yield curves from latest smog chamber experiments. The estimation shows that alkylbenzenes are greatest contributors to both ozone and SOA formation (36.0% and 51.6%, respectively), while toluene and xylenes are largest contributing individual VOCs. Industry solvent use, industry process and domestic combustion are three sectors with the largest contributions to both ozone (24.7%, 23.0% and 17.8%, respectively) and SOA (22.9%, 34.6% and 19.6%, respectively) formation. In terms of the formation potential per unit VOCs emission, ozone is sensitive to open biomass burning, transportation, and domestic solvent use, and SOA is sensitive to industry process, domestic solvent use, and domestic combustion. Biomass stoves, paint application in industrial protection and buildings, adhesives application are key individual sources to ozone and SOA formation, whether measured by total contribution or contribution per unit VOCs emission. The results imply that current VOCs control policies should be extended to cover most important industrial sources, and the control measures for biomass stoves should be tightened. Finally, discrepant VOCs control policies should be implemented in different regions based on their ozone/aerosol concentration levels and dominant emission sources for ozone and SOA formation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Ye P, Ding X, Ye Q, Robinson ES, Donahue NM. Uptake of Semivolatile Secondary Organic Aerosol Formed from α-Pinene into Nonvolatile Polyethylene Glycol Probe Particles. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1459-67. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Penglin Ye
- Center
for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiang Ding
- Center
for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Center
for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ellis S. Robinson
- Center
for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center
for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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7
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Zhao B, Wang S, Donahue NM, Chuang W, Hildebrandt Ruiz L, Ng NL, Wang Y, Hao J. Evaluation of one-dimensional and two-dimensional volatility basis sets in simulating the aging of secondary organic aerosol with smog-chamber experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:2245-2254. [PMID: 25581402 DOI: 10.1021/es5048914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the one-dimensional volatility basis set (1D-VBS) and two-dimensional volatility basis set (2D-VBS) in simulating the aging of SOA derived from toluene and α-pinene against smog-chamber experiments. If we simulate the first-generation products with empirical chamber fits and the subsequent aging chemistry with a 1D-VBS or a 2D-VBS, the models mostly overestimate the SOA concentrations in the toluene oxidation experiments. This is because the empirical chamber fits include both first-generation oxidation and aging; simulating aging in addition to this results in double counting of the initial aging effects. If the first-generation oxidation is treated explicitly, the base-case 2D-VBS underestimates the SOA concentrations and O:C increase of the toluene oxidation experiments; it generally underestimates the SOA concentrations and overestimates the O:C increase of the α-pinene experiments. With the first-generation oxidation treated explicitly, we could modify the 2D-VBS configuration individually for toluene and α-pinene to achieve good model-measurement agreement. However, we are unable to simulate the oxidation of both toluene and α-pinene with the same 2D-VBS configuration. We suggest that future models should implement parallel layers for anthropogenic (aromatic) and biogenic precursors, and that more modeling studies and laboratory research be done to optimize the "best-guess" parameters for each layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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