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Naujokaitis-Lewis I, Endicott S, Gaudreault E, Maisonneuve F, Robinson SA. Milkweed in agricultural field margins - A neonicotinoid exposure route for pollinators at multiple life stages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175622. [PMID: 39163943 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides move from targeted crops to wildflowers located in adjacent field margins, acting as a potential exposure source for wild pollinators and insect species of conservation concern, including monarch butterflies. Monarchs rely on milkweed over multiple life stages, including as a host plant for eggs and a food source for both larvae (leaves) and adults (flowers). Milkweeds, which are closely associated with field margins, can contain neonicotinoid residues, but previous assessments are constrained to a single plant tissue type. In 2017 and 2018, we sampled milkweeds from 95 field margins adjacent to crop fields (corn, soybean, hay, wheat, and barley) in agricultural landscapes of eastern Ontario, Canada. Milkweeds were sampled during the flower blooming period and leaves and flower tissues were analysed. The neonicotinoids acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and thiacloprid were detected. Maximum concentrations in leaf samples included 10.30 ng/g of clothianidin in 2017, and 24.4 ng/g of thiamethoxam in 2018. Clothianidin and thiamethoxam percent detections in flowers (72 % and 61 %, respectively) were significantly higher than detections in leaves (24 % and 31 %, respectively). Thiamethoxam concentrations were significantly higher in paired flower samples than leaf samples (median 0.33 ng/g vs <0.07 ng/g) while clothianidin concentrations also trended higher in flowers (median 0.18-0.55 ng/g vs <0.18 ng/g). Only thiamethoxam showed significant differences between years, and we found no effect of crop type, with hay, soybean and corn fields all yielding 50-56 % detections in leaves. We found significantly higher concentrations in older milkweed flowers than young flowers or leaves (medians 0.87 ng/g vs <0.18 ng/g and 0.45 ng/g vs <0.07 ng/g for clothianidin and thiamethoxam, respectively). Our results highlight the importance of considering variation in milkweed tissue type and age of flowers in neonicotinoid exposure risk assessments. Efforts to increase milkweed availability in agricultural landscapes should consider how exposure to neonicotinoids can be mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Naujokaitis-Lewis
- Landscape Science and Technology Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Sarah Endicott
- Landscape Science and Technology Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Gaudreault
- Production Insurance, Business Risk Management Branch, Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - France Maisonneuve
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stacey A Robinson
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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2
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Duporté G, Barron E, Bureau M, Le Menach K, Baldi I, Dévier MH, Budzinski H. Dislodgeable Foliar Residue Measurements and Assessment of Dermal Exposure to Captan for Workers in Apple Orchards. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:13605-13612. [PMID: 39038811 PMCID: PMC11308519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Captan dislodgeable foliar residues (DFRs) were determined by following the applications of this fungicide in an apple orchard. The study comprised an investigation of the variability of captan DFR values and 14 days of DFR monitoring to assess kinetic modeling. A method combining solid-phase microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS) was developed for the quantification of captan residues from DFR aqueous extracts. The results evidenced that (1) sampling parameters such as the position of the tree in a row and the height of foliar significantly influenced captan DFR levels (247-1450 ng·cm-2), highlighting the need to implement a comprehensive sampling strategy; (2) the DFR captan dissipation kinetic model best matched with a biphasic one, with half-lives of DFRcaptan of 3.4 and 12.8 days, respectively, for the initial rapid phase 1 decline (day 0-5) and the slower phase 2 decline phase (day 6-14). Furthermore, through DFR measurements, the potential dermal exposure (PDE) of workers was assessed using transfer coefficients (TCs) from the literature. Compared to the acceptable operator exposure levels (AOELs), the results showed that the re-entry interval for captan may not sufficiently protect workers whose arms, hands, and legs are not covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Duporté
- Univ.
Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Emmanuelle Barron
- Univ.
Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mathilde Bureau
- Univ.
Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- Univ.
Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Univ.
Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CHU
de Bordeaux, Service Santé Travail Environnement, Pôle
de Santé Publique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Hélène Budzinski
- Univ.
Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
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3
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Parmar KD, Chaudhary NN, Kalasariya RL, Chawla S, Thakor SC, Patel CJ, Patel DS, Akbari LF, Kumawat GL. Dissipation kinetics and risk assessment of residues of combination product of two fungicides, fluxapyroxad, and pyraclostrobin in cumin. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39102378 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2387194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Supervised field trial studies were conducted to understand dissipation kinetics and harvest time residues of a combination product of fluxapyroxad and pyraclostrobin in cumin plant/leaves and seeds at different locations in India. The results showed initial accumulation of fluxapyroxad at the levels of 15.4 and 20.2 mg kg-1 and pyraclostrobin at the level of 21.2 and 33.4 mg kg-1 in cumin leaves/plant in Anand, Gujarat. Fluxapyroxad and pyraclostrobin followed zero-order and first-order dissipation kinetics in cumin plant/leaves samples respectively. The residues translocated to cumin seeds. As the hazard quotient (HQ) was <1 in all cases consumer health risk may be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suchi Chawla
- AINP on Pesticide Residue, ICAR, Unit-9, AAU, Anand, India
| | - Saurabh C Thakor
- AINP on Pesticide Residue, ICAR, Unit-9, AAU, Anand, India
- Analytical and Environmental Services, Vadodara, India
| | | | | | | | - Girdhari Lal Kumawat
- AICRP on Spices, S. K. N. College of Agriculture, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner, India
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4
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Litoriya NS, Kalasariya RL, Parmar KD, Patel JH, Patel SH, Chaudhary NN, Chauhan NR, Chawla S, Shah PG. Dissipation and dietary risk assessment of fluoxapiprolin (and its metabolites) residues in cucumber and tomato samples under field conditions. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39038065 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2380918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to understand the dissipation behaviour/kinetics of fluoxapiprolin and its metabolites in cucumber and tomato under field conditions. A QuEChERS based extraction method followed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that all method validation parameters were within the acceptable range as per international standards with a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.01 mg kg-1 for all analytes. As significant matrix effects were observed with a few metabolites, matrix matched standards were used for the whole study. Residues of fluoxapiprolin in cucumber at standard dose were steady from 0 to 3 day after application and were below LOQ on the 5th day after application. In cucumber fruit at double dose and in tomato at both the doses the residues followed second-order kinetics and were respectively ≤ LOQ from days 7 and 14 onwards. Pre-harvest intervals (PHI) of 5 days and 14 days are proposed for cucumber and tomato fruits respectively. All the metabolites were ≤ LOQ from day 0 in all the matrices. The consumer risk, assessed as Hazard Quotient (HQ), showed that HQ was ≤1 in all the cases. The results of the present study and earlier studies on other similar fungicides suggest that the use of fluoxapiprolin in cucumber and tomato fruits may not pose health or environmental hazards provided that good agricultural practices are followed and the proposed waiting period is observed. The data from the present study can be used by regulatory bodies in establishing maximum residue limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh S Litoriya
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Ravi L Kalasariya
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Kaushik D Parmar
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Jignesh H Patel
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Sunny H Patel
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Nidhi N Chaudhary
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Nirmal R Chauhan
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Suchi Chawla
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Paresh G Shah
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
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Wang H, Li M, Li S, Chen X, Li B, Shao H, Jin F. Dissipation and potential risk of tristyrylphenol ethoxylate homologs in peanuts by spraying and root irrigation: A comparative assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134486. [PMID: 38714052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Peanuts, known for their nutritional value, health benefits, and delicious taste, are susceptible to agricultural chemical contamination, posing a challenge to the peanut industry in China. While tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (TSPEOs) have garnered attention for their widespread use in pesticide formulations, their dissipation and potential risks in peanuts remain a gap in knowledge. This study, unique in its focus on TSPEOs, investigates their dissipation and potential risks under two common application modes: spraying and root irrigation. The concentration of total TSPEOs in peanut plants was significantly higher when sprayed (435-37,693 μg/kg) than in root irrigation (24-1602 μg/kg). The dissipation of TSPEOs was faster in peanuts and soil when sprayed, with half-lives of 3.67-5.59 d (mean: 4.37 d) and 5.41-7.07 d (mean: 5.95 d), respectively. The residue of TSPEOs in peanut shells and soil were higher with root irrigation (8.9-65.2 and 25.4-305.1 μg/kg, respectively) than with spraying (5.4-30.6 and 8.8-146.5 μg/kg, respectively). These results indicated that the dissipation behavior of TSPEOs in peanuts was influenced by application modes. While the healthy and ecological risk assessments of TSPEOs in soil and peanut shells showed no risks, root irrigation might pose a higher potential risk than spraying. This research provides valuable data for the judicious application of pesticides during peanut cultivation to enhance pesticide utilization and reduce potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Minjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition & Health and Food Safety, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition & Foods, COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
| | - Simeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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6
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Einsiedel D, Welk SL, Zujko N, Pfeifer Y, Krupitzer C. Investigating the correlation of analytical data on pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables with local climatic condition. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118743. [PMID: 38548253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The use of pesticides is increasing steadily, and even though pesticides are essential for food security, they are known for having adverse effects on human health, and the environment. Further, as pesticides are often a reaction to pests, which are influenced by environmental conditions, the environment might influence the use of pesticides-when assuming, that the use is optimized, and adjusted to those conditions. Therefore, it would be helpful to know how environmental conditions influence the pesticide residue levels of fruits and vegetables. In this work, we investigated the correlation between residue levels of ten different pesticides and the weather parameters air temperature, maximum and minimum temperature, wind speed, precipitation, and sun hours using the Pearson correlation coefficient, linear, and polynomial regression. Also, the pesticide residue levels were analyzed regarding outliers. No correlation between the measured residue levels and the weather parameters could be found for most pesticides. However, for Acetamiprid and Fluopyram, a slight correlation between the pesticide residue levels, the air, minimum-, and maximum temperature could be found. The polynomial regression model was better suited to describe the relationship between pesticide residue levels and weather parameters than the linear regression model, but R2 was not higher than 0.069 for any model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Einsiedel
- Food Informatics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 21, Stuttgart, 70599, BW, Germany; Computational Science Hub, University of Hohenheim, Schloss, Stuttgart, 70599, BW, Germany
| | - Sara-Lena Welk
- Food Informatics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 21, Stuttgart, 70599, BW, Germany
| | - Nevena Zujko
- Tentamus, An d. Industriebahn 5, Berlin, 13088, BE, Germany
| | - Yvonne Pfeifer
- SGS Germany GmbH, Heidenkampsweg 99, Hamburg, 20097, HH, Germany
| | - Christian Krupitzer
- Food Informatics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 21, Stuttgart, 70599, BW, Germany; Computational Science Hub, University of Hohenheim, Schloss, Stuttgart, 70599, BW, Germany.
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7
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Wang J, Liu Y, Yu C, Wang X, Wang J. Swellable microneedle-coupled light-addressable photoelectrochemical sensor for in-situ tracking of multiple pesticides pollution in vivo. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134216. [PMID: 38581877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
In vivo monitoring of multiple pesticide contamination is of great significance for evaluating the health risks of different pesticides, agricultural production safety, and ecological and environmental assessment. Here, we report a hydrogel microneedle array coupled light-addressable photoelectrochemical sensor for tracking multiple pesticide uptake and elimination in living animals and plants, holding three prominent merits: i) enables in-situ detection of in vivo pesticides, avoiding cumbersome and complex sample transportation and handling processes; ii) allows repeated in vivo sampling of the same organism, improving tracking test controllability and accuracy; iii) avoids lethal sampling, providing a better understanding of the pesticides fate in living organisms. The coupled sensor is mechanically robust for withstanding more than 0.35 N per needle and highly swellable (800 %) for timely extraction of sufficient in vivo solution for analysis. For proof-of-concept, it achieves in-situ detection of atrazine, acetamiprid, and carbendazim efficiently and quantitatively in artificial agarose skin models, mouse skin interstitial fluids, and plant leaves with little inflammatory reaction. This simple, highly integrated, minimally invasive, and high-throughput in vivo monitoring method is ideal for future field environmental monitoring and plant and animal disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmiao Wang
- College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yanwen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xinmeng Wang
- College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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8
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Abdallah OI, Abd El-Hamid RM, Ahmed NS, Alhewairini SS, Abdel Ghani SB. Development of Green and Facile Sample Preparation Method for Determination of Seven Neonicotinoids in Fresh Vegetables, and Dissipation and Risk Assessment of Imidacloprid and Dinotefuran. Foods 2024; 13:1106. [PMID: 38611410 PMCID: PMC11011385 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A facile procedure for extracting and determining seven neonicotinoids was developed. Water was the only extraction solvent without phase separation and cleanup steps. The method was validated according to European Union standards, and the values obtained were compared with the criteria. The accuracy values were between 99.8% (thiamethoxam) and 106.8% (clothianidin) at the spiking levels of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/kg in the tested matrices. The precision as pooled RSD values was ≤6.1% (intra-day) and ≤6.9% (inter-day). The limit of quantification was set and tested at 0.01 mg/kg. The matrix effect was evaluated, and all matrices had a suppressive effect. The matrix of the cucumber was the most effective, with -20.9% for dinotefuran and an average of -9.8% for all compounds, while the tomato matrix had the slightest effect. Real marketed samples were analyzed using the developed and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) methods; the results were not significantly different. A supervised field trial was conducted in the open field to study the dissipation patterns of imidacloprid and dinotefuran in tomatoes. The dissipation of both compounds followed first-order kinetics. The half-life (T½) values were 3.4 and 2.5 days, with dissipation rates k of 0.2013 and 0.2781 days, respectively. Following the EU-MRL database, the calculated pre-harvest interval (PHI) values were 7 and 14 days for imidacloprid and dinotefuran, respectively, and 3 days for both compounds following Codex Alimentarius regulations. The risk of imidacloprid and dinotefuran residues was estimated from chronic and acute perspectives. The risk factors of dinotefuran were lower than those of imidacloprid. Nonetheless, the highest expected residues of both compounds were below the tolerance limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama I Abdallah
- Department of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Rania M Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Nevein S Ahmed
- Department of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Saleh S Alhewairini
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6622, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif B Abdel Ghani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6622, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 68 Hadayek Shoubra, Cairo 11241, Egypt
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9
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Schuhmann A, Schulte J, Feldhaar H, Scheiner R. Bumblebees are resilient to neonicotinoid-fungicide combinations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108608. [PMID: 38554503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Bumblebees are among the most important wild bees for pollination of crops and securing wildflower diversity. However, their abundance and diversity have been on a steady decrease in the last decades. One of the most important factors leading to their decline is the frequent use of plant protection products (PPPs) in agriculture, which spread into forests and natural reserves. Mixtures of different PPPs pose a particular threat because of possible synergistic effects. While there is a comparatively large body of studies on the effects of PPPs on honeybees, we still lack data on wild bees. We here investigated the influence of the frequent fungicide Cantus® Gold (boscalid/dimoxystrobin), the neonicotinoid insecticide Mospilan® (acetamiprid) and their combination on bumblebees. Cognitive performance and foraging flights of bumblebees were studied. They are essential for the provisioning and survival of the colony. We introduce a novel method for testing four treatments simultaneously on the same colony, minimizing inter-colony differences. For this, we successfully quartered the colony and moved the queen daily between compartments. Bumblebees appeared astonishingly resilient to the PPPs tested or they have developed mechanisms for detoxification. Neither learning capacity nor flight activity were inhibited by treatment with the single PPPs or their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Schuhmann
- Biocenter, Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Janna Schulte
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ricarda Scheiner
- Biocenter, Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Aggarwal H, Mandal K, Sharma S, Kang BK. Residual estimation of spirotetramat and its metabolites in chilli and soil by LC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:24852-24867. [PMID: 38460034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Two applications of spirotetramat were done to study the dissipation and persistence of spirotetramat and its four different metabolites in chilli and soil at 10 days interval. Total spirotetramat residues were estimated by LC-MS/MS instrument. The mean initial deposits of total spirotetramat after application of spirotetramat 15.31 OD @ 60 (X dose), 75 (1.25 × dose) and 120 (2 × dose) g a.i. ha-1 on green chilli were found to vary from 0.38 to 0.83 mg kg-1 during the initial year. Spirotetramat and its metabolite residues in green chilli were found to be below limit of quantification (0.01 mg kg-1) after 15 days of application. The spirotetramat cis enol (the major metabolite) was formed in both the soil and the plant. The residues of spirotetramat-monohydroxy were below LOQ irrespective of any substrate during the estimation. In soil, the total initial spirotetramat deposits for the 1st year were found 0.09 for X dose, 0.12 for 1.25 × dose and 0.20 mg kg-1 for 2 × dose. After 3 days for both X and 1.25 × doses and 5 days for 2 × dose, the total spirotetramat residues were below LOQ. The spirotetramat's half-life values have been determined to be between 3.19 and 3.93 days and 1.00 and 1.59 days, respectively, in soil and green chilli fruits. One day waiting period is proposed for the safe consumption of green chilli when the spirotetramat was applied irrespective of the dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Aggarwal
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Kousik Mandal
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
| | - Smriti Sharma
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Balpreet Kaur Kang
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Istatu PS, Dubey JK, Katna S, Sharma A, Sharma S, Shandil D, Devi N, Kumar A, Singh S, Thakur N. Residue behavior and consumer risk assessment of spirotetramat and chlorpyrifos on cabbage heads and cropped soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:25736-25750. [PMID: 38488914 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
A field experiment following good agricultural practices was laid out to study the dissipation of spirotetramat (90 g a.i. ha-1 and 180 g a.i. ha-1) and chlorpyrifos (400 g a.i. ha-1 and 800 g a.i. ha-1) on cabbage heads and soil. Samples were processed using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for residue estimation of spirotetramat and chlorpyrifos, which were further detected using HPLC-PDA and GC-FPD respectively. The residues of spirotetramat on cabbage heads reached below detection limit (BDL) (< 0.05 mg kg-1) on 7th and 10th day and for chlorpyrifos, BDL (< 0.01 mg kg-1) was achieved on 10th and 15th day for X and 2X dose, respectively. On 20th day after second spray, residues in soil were found to be BDL for both the pesticides. Half-life of spirotetramat and chlorpyrifos was found to be 3 and 2 days, respectively while a safe pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 9 days for spirotetramat and 10 days for chlorpyrifos is suggested on cabbage. The dietary risk assessment studies for various age groups of Indian population, ascertained safety of treated cabbage heads for consumption, as current study revealed that hazard quotient (HQ) < 1 and theoretical maximum dietary intake (TMDI) < maximum permissible intake (MPI) for both the pesticides at respective PHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sharma Istatu
- Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
| | - Jatiender Kumar Dubey
- Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
| | - Sapna Katna
- Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
| | - Sakshi Sharma
- Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India.
| | - Deepika Shandil
- Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
| | - Nisha Devi
- Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
| | - Shubhra Singh
- Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
| | - Nimisha Thakur
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Research & Development Merck, RY818-C202, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
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Cui K, Ma G, Zhao S, Guan S, Liang J, Fang L, Ding R, Li T, Hao Q, Dong Z, Wang J. Dissipation, accumulation, distribution and risk assessment of fungicides in greenhouse and open-field cowpeas. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101172. [PMID: 38379796 PMCID: PMC10877180 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pesticide residues in cowpeas have raised worldwide concern. However, only a few studies have focused on pesticide accumulation and distribution in greenhouse and open-field cowpeas. Field trial results suggest that difenoconazole, dimethomorph, thifluzamide and pyraclostrobin dissipated faster in open fields (mean half-lives, 1.72-1.99 days) than in greenhouses (2.09-3.55 days); moreover, fungicide residues in greenhouse cowpeas were 0.84-8.19 times higher than those in the open-field cowpeas. All fungicides accumulated in the greenhouse and open-field cowpeas after repeated spraying. Fungicide residues in old cowpeas were higher than those in tender cowpeas, and residues in the upper halves of cowpea pods were higher than those in the lower halves. In addition, cowpeas distributed in the lower halves of the plants had higher fungicide residues. Our findings suggest that greenhouse cultivation contributed to the pesticide residues in cowpeas after repeated spraying, although the levels of dietary health risks remained acceptable under both cultivation scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cui
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengying Zhao
- Shandong Shibang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Liang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Fang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyan Ding
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Teng Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan Dong
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
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Wang X, Chen L, Ren X, Kang S, Zhao L, Zhang H, Li X, Chen Z. Fate characteristics and risk quantification of cyflumetofen from tomato cultivation to processing based on large-scale applications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133496. [PMID: 38227999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating the fate characteristics of cyflumetofen and its main metabolite 2-TFMBA in tomato from cultivation to processing is crucial for safeguarding the environment and humans from hazardous effects. Cyflumetofen and 2-TFMBA could exist stably in tomato matrices for at least 343 days under frozen and dark conditions according to UHPLC-MS/MS, with a limit of quantitation of 0.001 mg/kg and retention time within 2.12 min. The occurrence, dissipation, and concentration variation of cyflumetofen were reflected by original depositions of 0.02-0.44 mg/kg, half-lives of 1.7-7.2 days, and terminal magnitudes of 0.005-0.30 mg/kg, respectively, with various influencing factors, e.g., climate conditions and tomato cultivars. Additionally, 13.5-59.3% of cyflumetofen was metabolized to 2-TFMBA, showing significant toxicological effects ranging from cultivation to processing. When the concentration decreased by 0.06 mg/kg, cyflumetofen was effectively removed by peeling, while washing was the recommended method for removing 2-TFMBA with a processing factor of 0.70. The comparative dietary risks of sum cyflumetofen were assessed for all life cycle populations using deterministic and probabilistic models. The risk quotients decreased to 1.3-4.8 times during the preparation of home canning tomato paste. Despite the low exposure risk, the potential health hazards of sum cyflumetofen should be considered, given its ubiquity and cumulative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Xin Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Shanshan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Lilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Xianbin Li
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, PR China
| | - Zenglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
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Hahne J, Foudoulakis M, Kragten S, Patterson D, Sprenger D, Ristau K, Guckland A, Wang M. Decline of pesticide residue on treated crop seeds: An analysis of comprehensive industry data and implications of the current risk assessment scheme for plant protection products. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:239-247. [PMID: 37222154 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
For plant protection products applied as seed treatments, the risk to birds and mammals possibly feeding on treated seeds must be addressed in the EU to register products for commercial use. One assumption of the Tier 1 long-term risk assessment of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is that residues of pesticides on treated seeds do not decline over time after seeding. Consequently, a time-weighted average factor (fTWA ) of 1 (i.e., no dissipation) is used to calculate residue concentrations on seeds. In contrast, for spray applications, a default dissipation half-life (DT50 ) of 10 days is considered corresponding to an fTWA of 0.53. The aim of this study was to establish a default fTWA for treated seeds based on 29 industry-conducted seed dissipation studies, providing 240 datasets covering different active substances, crops, and regions. For fTWA calculation, two approaches were used: (i) kinetic fitting and (ii) using measured data without kinetic fitting. From kinetic fitting, 145 reliable DT50 values were obtained. Because there were no significant differences in DT50 values between crops and between the central and southern EU, the DT50 data from all studies were pooled. The geometric mean DT50 was 3.8 days and the 90th percentile was 13.0 days, corresponding to 21-day fTWA values of 0.27 and 0.59, respectively. Twenty-one-day fTWA values could be calculated directly from measured residues for 204 datasets. The resulting 21-day fTWA values were comparable with those from kinetic fitting (geometric mean: 0.29, 90th percentile: 0.59). The results demonstrate that residue decline on seeds is comparable with foliar dissipation after spray applications. Therefore, the risk assessment scheme by EFSA should implement a default fTWA < 1.0 in the Tier 1 risk assessment for treated seeds (e.g., either 0.53 as for foliage or 0.59, the 90th percentile fTWA in seeds reported in this study). Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:239-247. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Hahne
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Environmental Safety, Monheim, Germany
| | | | | | - David Patterson
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
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15
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Song MH, Yu JW, Keum YS, Lee JH. Dynamic modeling of pesticide residue in proso millet under multiple application situations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:121993. [PMID: 37301453 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a cereal crop with potential resistance to drought and heat stress, making it a promising alternative crop for regions with hot and dry climates. Because of its importance, it is crucial to investigate pesticide residues in proso millet and assess their potential risks to the environment and human health to protect it from insects or pathogens. This study aimed to develop a model for predicting pesticide residues in proso millet using dynamiCROP. The field trials consisted of four plots, with each plot containing three replicates of 10 m2. The applications of pesticides were conducted two or three times for each pesticide. The residual concentrations of the pesticides in the millet grains were quantitatively analyzed using gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The dynamiCROP simulation model, which calculates the residual kinetics of pesticides in plant-environment systems, was employed for predicting pesticide residues in proso millet. Crop-specific, environment-specific, and pesticide-specific parameters were utilized to optimize the model. Half-lives of pesticides in grain of proso millet, which were needed to input for dynamiCROP, were estimated using a modified first-order equation. Proso millet-specific parameters were obtained from previous studies. The accuracy of the dynamiCROP model was assessed using statistical criteria, including the coefficient of correlation (R), coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), relative root mean square error (RRMSE), and root mean square logarithmic error (RMSLE). The model was then validated using additional field trial data, which showed that it could accurately predict pesticide residues in proso millet grain under different environmental conditions. The results demonstrated the accuracy of the model in predicting pesticide residues in proso millet after multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Song
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woo Yu
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Dong B, Hu J. Dissipation, residue distribution, and risk assessment of ethiprole and its metabolites in rice under various open field conditions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6510-6520. [PMID: 37219399 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiprole has been registered to control planthoppers in rice fields for many years in Asia. However, its dissipation and residues in rice under natural field conditions and health hazards are largely unclear. In the present study, a modified QuEChERS (i.e. Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe) and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established to detect ethiprole and its metabolites, ethiprole amide and ethiprole sulfone, in brown rice, rice husks, and rice straw. The field experiments were implemented in 12 representative provinces of China under Good Agricultural Practices aiming to investigate the fate and terminal residues of ethiprole and its metabolites in rice. Finally, the dietary risk of ethiprole was evaluated. RESULTS The average recoveries of these analytes in all matrices were 86.4-99.0% with a repeatability of 0.575-9.38%. The limits of quantification for each compound were 0.01 mg kg-1 . Dissipation of ethiprole followed the single first-order, first + first-order, and first-order multi-compartment kinetic models with a half-life of 2.68-8.99 days in rice husks. The dissipation half-life of ethiprole combining all metabolites was 5.20-16.2 days in rice husks. The terminal residues of ethiprole and its metabolites at preharvest intervals of 21 days were < 0.011, 0.25, and 0.20 mg kg-1 in brown rice, rice husks, and rice straw, respectively. Ethiprole amide was undetectable in all matrices, and the risk quotient of ethiprole was far less than 100%. CONCLUSION Ethiprole rapidly converted to ethiprole sulfone in rice, and ethiprole and ethiprole sulfone mainly remained in rice husks and straws. The dietary risk of ethiprole was acceptable for Chinese consumers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhang Dong
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jiye Hu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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17
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Lin H, Wen W, Li Z, Liu S, Yang Y, Liu L, Shao H, Guo Y, Zhang Y. Dissipation and dietary exposure risk assessment of spinosad, thiocyclam, and its metabolite nereistoxin in cucumber and groundwater for different population groups. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5659. [PMID: 37081728 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) technique using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of spinosad (spinosyn A + spinosyn D), thiocyclam, and nereistoxin in cucumber was developed with mean recoveries of 93-104%, relative standard deviations of ≤9%, and limits of quantification of 0.01 mg/kg. Field trials of spinosad and thiocyclam were performed in 12 representative cultivating areas in China. Field trial results indicate that spinosyn A and spinosyn D easily dissipated in cucumber with half-lives of 2.48-6.24 and <3 days, respectively. Nereistoxin was produced after thiocyclam application and was more persistent than its parent. The terminal residues of spinosad were all below the maximum residue limits (0.2 mg/kg) in China, whereas the terminal concentration of nereistoxin (calculated as the stoichiometric equivalent of thiocyclam), which was much higher than that of thiocyclam, was far beyond the maximum residue limits of thiocyclam in cucumber (0.01 mg/kg) established by the European Union. The predicted no-effect concentrations of spinosyn A, spinosyn D, thiocyclam, and nereistoxin leaching into groundwater were estimated using China-PEARL (Pesticide Emission Assessment at Regional and Local scales) models after application. However, the dietary (food and water) exposure risk quotient for different populations was below 1 with a preharvest interval set at 5 days after the last application, indicating that the application of spinosad and thiocyclam in cucumber was unlikely to pose unacceptable risk for human health. This study provides data for the safe use of spinosad and thiocyclam in cucumber ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Lin
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanting Wen
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhixia Li
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanping Yang
- Center of Eco-environmental Monitoring and Scientific Research, Administration of Ecology and Environment of Haihe River Basin and Beihai Sea Area, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shao
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongze Guo
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
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Aggarwal H, Mandal K, Kang BK. Dissipation kinetic study of fenazaquin in chilli and soil by LC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:91902-91914. [PMID: 37480533 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation and persistence of fenazaquin residues in chilli and soil were studied for 2 years following two applications of fenazaquin at 10-day interval. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.003 and 0.01 mg kg-1. The mean initial deposits of fenazaquin 10 EC on green chilli fruits were found to be 0.74, 1.17, and 1.79 mg kg-1 after the application @ 125 (X dose), 156.25 (1.25X dose), and 250 (2X dose) g a.i. ha-1, respectively, during the first year followed by 0.78, 1.20, and 1.70 mg kg-1, respectively, during the next year. The mean initial deposits in soil were found to be 0.18, 0.25, and 0.44 mg kg-1 for the X, 1.25X, and 2X doses, respectively, during the first year and 0.19, 0.22, and 0.39 mg kg-1, respectively, during second year. The residues of fenazaquin in green chilli dissipated above 96% at 20 days in the three different doses whereas in red chilli, the residues were present on 25 days and at maturity, residues were below the limit of quantification (LOQ). In soil, the residues dissipated below the LOQ at 15 days for X and 1.25X while 20 days for the 2X dose, respectively. The half-life values in green chilli fruits and soil for the fenazaquin were found to be in the range of 3.22-3.93 days and 2.41-3.35 days, respectively. The waiting period was calculated to be 3, 5, and 8 days for green chilli after the application of fenazaquin at 25, 156.25, and 250 g a.i. ha-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Aggarwal
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Kousik Mandal
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
| | - Balpreet Kaur Kang
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Dong B, Hu J. Dissipation patterns, residue analysis, and risk evaluation of hexaflumuron in turnip and cauliflower under Chinese growth conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:85534-85544. [PMID: 37386224 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Hexaflumuron has been globally registered over 2 decades to control the pests in brassicaceous vegetables, while data on its dissipation and residues in turnip and cauliflower is scarce. Herein, field trials were carried out at six representative experimental sites to study the dissipation behaviors and terminal residues of hexaflumuron in turnip and cauliflower. The residual amounts of hexaflumuron were extracted using a modified QuEChERS and analyzed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), the chronic dietary risk to Chinese populations was evaluated, and the maximum residue limit (MRL) in cauliflower, turnip tubers, and turnip leaves was calculated by the OECD MRL calculator. The single first-order kinetics model was the best-fitted kinetics model for hexaflumuron dissipation in cauliflower. The indeterminate order rate equation and first-order multi-compartment kinetic model were the best formulae for hexaflumuron dissipation in turnip leaves. The half-lives of hexaflumuron ranged from 0.686 to 1.35 and 2.41 to 6.71 days in cauliflower and turnip leaves, respectively. The terminal residues of hexaflumuron in turnip leaves of 0.321-9.59 mg/kg were much higher than in turnip tubers of < 0.01-0.708 mg/kg and cauliflower of < 0.01-1.49 mg/kg at sampling intervals of 0, 5, 7, and 10 days. The chronic dietary risk of hexaflumuron in the preharvest interval of 7 days was lower than 100% and much higher than 0.01%, indicating acceptable but nonnegligible health hazards for Chinese consumers. Therefore, MRL values of hexaflumuron were proposed as 2, 0.8, and 10 mg/kg in cauliflower, turnip tubers, and turnip leaves, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhang Dong
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiye Hu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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20
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Wilms W, Woźniak-Karczewska M, Niemczak M, Parus A, Frankowski R, Wolko Ł, Czarny J, Piotrowska-Cyplik A, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Heipieper HJ, Chrzanowski Ł. 2,4-D versus 2,4-D based ionic liquids: Effect of cation on herbicide biodegradation, tfdA genes abundance and microbiome changes during soil bioaugmentation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131209. [PMID: 36940526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The commercial formulations of herbicides rely on surfactants which increase the efficiency of active substance. Herbicidal ionic liquids (ILs), in which cationic surfactants are combined with herbicidal anions, allow for additives' reduction and ensure very good herbicide performance with lower doses. We aimed to test the impact of synthetic and natural cations on biological degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Although primary biodegradation was high, the mineralization in agricultural soil indicated incomplete conversion of ILs to CO2. Even the introduction of naturally-derived cations resulted in an increase in the herbicide's half-lives - from 32 days for [Na][2,4-D] to 120 days for [Chol][2,4-D] and 300 days for the synthetic tetramethylammonium derivative [TMA][2,4-D]. Bioaugmentation with 2,4-D-degrading strains improves the herbicides' degradation, which was reflected by higher abundance of tfdA genes. Microbial community analysis confirmed that hydrophobic cationic surfactants, even those based on natural compounds, played a negative role on microbial biodiversity. Our study provides a valuable indication for further research related to the production of a new generation of environmentally friendly compounds. Moreover, the results shed a new light on the ionic liquids as independent mixtures of ions in the environment, as opposed to treating them as new type of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Wilms
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Michał Niemczak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Parus
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert Frankowski
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Wolko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Czarny
- Institute of Forensic Genetics, Al. Mickiewicza 3/4, 85-071 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piotrowska-Cyplik
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Barchanska H, Pszczolińska K, Perkons I, Bartkevics V, Drzewiecki S, Shakeel N, Płonka J. The metabolic processes of selected pesticides and their influence on plant metabolism. A case study of two field-cultivated wheat varieties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162709. [PMID: 36907395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides that are absorbed by plants undergo biotransformation and might affect plant metabolic processes. The metabolisms of two cultivated wheat varieties, Fidelius and Tobak, treated with commercially available fungicides (fluodioxonil, fluxapyroxad, and triticonazole) and herbicides (diflufenican, florasulam, and penoxsulam) were studied under field conditions. The results provide novel insights regarding the effects of these pesticides on plant metabolic processes. Plants (roots and shoots) were sampled six times during the six-week experiment. Pesticides and pesticide metabolites were identified using GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS, and LC-HRMS, while root and shoot metabolic fingerprints were determined using non-targeted analysis. Fungicide dissipation kinetics were analyzed according to the quadratic mechanism (R2: 0.8522-0.9164) for Fidelius roots, and zero-order for Tobak roots (R2: 0.8455-0.9194); shoot dissipation kinetics were analyzed according to first-order (R2: 0.9593-0.9807) and quadratic (R2: 0.8415-0.9487) mechanisms for Fidelius and Tobak, respectively. The fungicide degradation kinetics were different compared to reported literature values, most likely due to differences in pesticide application methods. The following metabolites were respectively identified in shoot extracts of both wheat varieties for fluxapyroxad, triticonazole, and penoxsulam: 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 2-chloro-5-{(E)-[2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-cyclopentylidene]-methyl}phenol, and N-(5,8-dimethoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,4-dihydroxy-6 (trifluoromethyl)benzene sulfonamide. Metabolite dissipation kinetics varied depending on the wheat variety. These compounds were more persistent than parent compounds. Despite having the same cultivation conditions, the two wheat varieties varied in their metabolic fingerprints. The study revealed that pesticide metabolism has a greater dependence on plant variety and method of administration compared to the physicochemical properties of the active substance. This highlights the necessity of conducting research on pesticide metabolism under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Barchanska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Pszczolińska
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute Branch Sośnicowice, 44-153 Sośnicowice, Gliwicka 29, Poland
| | - Ingus Perkons
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes Street 3, Riga LV 1076, Latvia
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes Street 3, Riga LV 1076, Latvia.
| | - Sławomir Drzewiecki
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute Branch Sośnicowice, 44-153 Sośnicowice, Gliwicka 29, Poland.
| | - Nasir Shakeel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Płonka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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22
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Mermer S, Rossi Stacconi MV, Tait G, Pfab F, Sial AA, Disi JO, Burrack HJ, Toennisson A, Xue L, Zhang C, Walton VM. Comparing the effectiveness of different insecticide application orders for suppressing Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) infestation: experimental and modeling approaches. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023:7156966. [PMID: 37155341 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a key pest of soft-skinned fruit such as blackberry and blueberry. Differing seasonal spray regimes are expected to have variable effects on D. suzukii populations. Semi-field cage trials were performed at three locations in the United States (Georgia, Oregon, and North Carolina) on blueberry and blackberry crops to evaluate this hypothesis. Insecticides with different efficacy rates (ZC - zeta-cypermethrin, SPI - spinetoram, CYAN - cyantraniliprole) were applied during field experiments conducted within large cages. Treatment schedules consisted of two insecticide applications which performed over three weeks. Seasonal treatment schedules were applied in the following order: ZC-CYAN and CYAN-ZC in rabbiteye and highbush blueberry with the addition of a ZC-SPI treatment applied in blackberry. In addition, a population model was applied to simulate the relative efficacy of the insecticide schedules in Oregon on D. suzukii population model based on previously published efficacy, biological, and weather parameters. Overall, all schedules resulted in reduced D. suzukii infestation compared to untreated control (UTC) treatments, with statistical differences in all three locations. The numerically lower infestation was found in some cases in ZC-CYAN schedule. Population modeling conducted exclusively for blueberry, and the simulations indicated no discernible differences between the two respective schedules (ZC-CYAN vs CYAN-ZC). The present study demonstrates that seasonal infestation of D. suzukii could be suppressed irrespective of application order. Additional research is required to assess the optimal timing and sequence of insecticide applications for controlling seasonal populations of D. suzukii in fruit crops. Such information could be invaluable for growers who are seeking to strategize their insecticide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Mermer
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Marco Valerio Rossi Stacconi
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tait
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Ferdinand Pfab
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Ashfaq A Sial
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Joseph O Disi
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hannah J Burrack
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Department of Entomology Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Aurora Toennisson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Lan Xue
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Chengzhu Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Vaughn M Walton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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23
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Schuhmann A, Scheiner R. A combination of the frequent fungicides boscalid and dimoxystrobin with the neonicotinoid acetamiprid in field-realistic concentrations does not affect sucrose responsiveness and learning behavior of honeybees. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114850. [PMID: 37018858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing loss of pollinators over the last decades has become more and more evident. Intensive use of plant protection products is one key factor contributing to this decline. Especially the mixture of different plant protection products can pose an increased risk for pollinators as synergistic effects may occur. In this study we investigated the effect of the fungicide Cantus® Gold (boscalid/dimoxystrobin), the neonicotinoid insecticide Mospilan® (acetamiprid) and their mixture on honeybees. Since both plant protection products are frequently applied sequentially to the same plants (e.g. oilseed rape), their combination is a realistic scenario for honeybees. We investigated the mortality, the sucrose responsiveness and the differential olfactory learning performance of honeybees under controlled conditions in the laboratory to reduce environmental noise. Intact sucrose responsiveness and learning performance are of pivotal importance for the survival of individual honeybees as well as for the functioning of the entire colony. Treatment with two sublethal and field relevant concentrations of each plant protection product did not lead to any significant effects on these behaviors but affected the mortality rate. However, our study cannot exclude possible negative sublethal effects of these substances in higher concentrations. In addition, the honeybee seems to be quite robust when it comes to effects of plant protection products, while wild bees might be more sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Schuhmann
- University of Würzburg, Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ricarda Scheiner
- University of Würzburg, Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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24
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Kim SH, Lee YH, Jeong MJ, Gwon DY, Lee JH, Shin Y, Choi H. LC-MS/MS Method Minimizing Matrix Effect for the Analysis of Bifenthrin and Butachlor in Chinese Chives and Its Application for Residual Study. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081683. [PMID: 37107478 PMCID: PMC10137788 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The matrix effect refers to the change in the analytical signal caused by the matrix in which the sample is contained, as well as the impurities that are co-eluted with the target analyte. In crop sample analysis using LC-MS/MS, the matrix effect can affect the quantification results. Chinese chives are likely to exhibit a strong matrix effect when co-extracted with bifenthrin and butachlor due to the presence of phytochemicals and chlorophyll. A novel analytical method was developed to reduce the matrix effects of bifenthrin and butachlor to a negligible level in Chinese chives. The established method had a limit of quantitation of 0.005 mg/kg and correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 within the range of 0.005-0.5 mg/kg. Matrix effects were found to be negligible, with values ranging from -18.8% to 7.2% in four different sources of chives and two leafy vegetables. Compared to conventional analytical methods for the LOQ and matrix effect, the established method demonstrated improved performances. The analytical method was further applied in a residual study in chive fields. The active ingredient of butachlor 5 granule (GR) was not detected after soil admixture application, while that of bifenthrin 1 emulsifiable concentrate (EC) showed a range from 1.002 to 0.087 mg/kg after foliar spraying. The dissipation rate constant (k) of bifenthrin was determined to be 0.115, thus its half-life was calculated to be 6.0 days. From the results, PHI and safety use standards of both pesticides were suggested. The developed analytical method can be applied to accurately determine bifenthrin and butachlor residues in Chinese chives and provides a foundation for further research on the fate and behavior of these pesticides in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Kim
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Ju Jeong
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Yeong Gwon
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Shin
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Choi
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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25
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Trapp S, Shi J, Zeng L. Generic Model for Plant Uptake of Ionizable Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:793-804. [PMID: 36785949 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant uptake of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has been recognized as a potential path to human exposure. Most existing regressions and uptake models are limited to neutral organic compounds, but 80% of pharmaceuticals and an unknown number of personal care products ionize under environmentally relevant conditions. A widely used generic plant uptake model was expanded step-by-step with processes relevant for weak and strong acids and bases, such as ionization, membrane permeability, ion trap, phloem transport, and sorption to proteins. The differential equation system was solved analytically, and the equations were implemented in a spreadsheet version. The changes in predicted plant uptake of neutral substances, acids, and bases were found for a range of key input data (log KOW , pKa , pH, sorption to proteins). For neutral compounds, sorption to proteins and phloem transport are of relevance only for the more polar compounds (low log KOW , ≤2). Weak acids (pKa ≤6) are trapped in phloem due to pH-related effects, and in roots when pH in soil is low (pH 4-5). Cations sorb stronger and hence show less bioavailability and less translocation than anions. Sorption to proteins reduces translocation to leaves and fruits for all substances, but this is more evident for polar and ionic compounds that have negligible sorption to lipids. The new generic model considers additional processes that are of relevance for polar and ionizable substances. It might be used instead of existing standard approaches for chemical risk assessment and assessment of the environmental fate of PPCPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:793-804. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Trapp
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Junxuan Shi
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Landi Zeng
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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26
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Abdallah OI, Abd El-Hamid RM, Ahmed NS, Saleh SM, Alminderej FM. Terminal Residues and Risk Assessment of Spiromesifen and Spirodiclofen in Tomato Fruits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1493. [PMID: 37050119 PMCID: PMC10097050 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are important to increase crop yields, but their overuse has damaged the environment and endangered human health. In this study, residues of spiromesifen and spirodiclofen were determined in tomato fruit using a simple and efficient analytical procedure based on acetonitrile extraction, extract dilution, and UPLC-MS/MS. The linearity range was 1-100 µg/kg and 0.5-100 µg/kg, and the correlation coefficient (R2) and residuals were ≥0.9991 and ≤16.4%, respectively. The limit of determination (LOD) was 0.26 and 0.08 µg/kg, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was verified at 5 µg/kg. The relative standard deviation of spiked replicates at 5 µg/kg analyzed in one day (RSDr, n = 6) was ≤8.35%, and within three different days (RSDR, n = 18) it was ≤15.85%, with recoveries exceeding 91.34%. The method recovery test showed a satisfactory value of 89.23-97.22% with an RSD of less than 12.88%. The matrix effect was determined after a 4-fold dilution of the raw extract and was -9.8% and -7.2%, respectively. The validated method was used to study the dissipation behavior of the tested analytes in tomato fruit under field conditions. First-order kinetics best described the dissipation rates. The calculated half-lives were 1.49-1.83 and 1.91-2.38 days for spiromesifen and spirodiclofen, respectively, after application of the authorized and doubled authorized doses, indicating that spiromesifen dissipated more rapidly than spirodiclofen. The final residue concentrations of spiromesifen and spirodiclofen were 0.307-0.751 mg/kg and 0.101-0.398 mg/kg, respectively, after two or three applications, and were below the European Union (EU) maximum residue limits. The chronic risk assessment indicates that both insecticides are safe for adult consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama I. Abdallah
- Department of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Rania M. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Nevein S. Ahmed
- Department of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Sayed M. Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Branch, Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez 43721, Egypt
| | - Fahad M. Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Marín-Sáez J, López-Ruiz R, Romero-Gonzalez R, Garrido Frenich A. Comprehensive Dissipation of Azadirachtin in Grapes and Tomatoes: The Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis and Tentative Identification of Unknown Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4466-4476. [PMID: 36881717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neem oil is a biopesticide normally applied together with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). However, neither its dissipation nor the influence of Bt has been previously evaluated. In this study, dissipation of neem oil was investigated when it was applied alone or together with Bt at 3 and 22 °C. A methodology involving solid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry was developed for that purpose. The method was validated obtaining recoveries from 87 to 103%, with relative standard deviations lower than 19% and limits of quantification from 5 to 10 μg/kg. Azadirachtin A (AzA) dissipation was fit to a single first order, being faster when neem oil was applied together with Bt and at 22 °C (RL50 = 12-21 days) than alone and at 3 °C (RL50 = 14-25 days). Eight related compounds were found in real samples with similar dissipation curves compared to AzA, and five unknown metabolites were identified in degraded samples, with increasing concentrations during parent compound degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Marín-Sáez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Analytical Chemistry Area, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería Research Centre for Agricultural Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Rosalía López-Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Analytical Chemistry Area, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería Research Centre for Agricultural Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Analytical Chemistry Area, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería Research Centre for Agricultural Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Analytical Chemistry Area, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería Research Centre for Agricultural Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
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28
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Dong B, Hu J. Dissipation, residues, and dietary risk assessment of difenoconazole in field-planted spinach, wax gourd, and summer squash in China. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-023-01426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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29
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An D, Ko R, Kim J, Lee K, Lee JH. Fungicide Dissipation Kinetics and Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment in Squash Fruit and Leaf. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061291. [PMID: 36981217 PMCID: PMC10048305 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The dissipation behavior and dietary exposure risk assessment of four fungicides (dimethomorph, mandipropamid, myclobutanil, and metalaxyl) was performed in fruits and leaves of squash grown under greenhouse conditions. Squash fruit and leaf samples were randomly collected at 0, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after the last pesticide application. Analysis was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was used for sample preparation. Recovery rates at two spiked levels (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) were found to be in the range of 76.4%-101.9% for the analyzed pesticides and their relative standard deviations were ≤4%. Pesticide half-lives were 2.1 and 4.9 days for dimethomorph, 4.6 and 8.1 days for mandipropamid, 4.7 and 8.2 days for myclobutanil, and 2.7 and 5 days for metalaxyl in squash fruit and leaf, respectively. Regarding the total surveyors, hazard quotient values for squash fruit and leaf were ≤1.03 × 10-3 and ≤2.39 × 10-3, respectively. These values in the case of true consumers were ≤3.14 × 10-3 and ≤3.91 × 10-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai An
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Bio Division, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakdo Ko
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Bio Division, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinchan Kim
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Bio Division, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghun Lee
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Bio Division, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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30
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Concentration levels and risk assessment of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residue in selected cereals and legumes sold in Anambra State, south-eastern Nigeria. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The levels of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residues in selected cereal crops (beans, cowpea, millet, maize, sorghum, and rice) purchased from major markets in Anambra, south-eastern Nigeria, were assessed and compared with established MRLs. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was used for extraction and clean-up of pesticide residues. Thereafter detection and quantification were done using GC/MS. The result reveals that the analysed grain samples contained some organochlorine pesticides and organophosphates. The organochlorine was most dominant followed by the organophosphates. Organochlorine pesticide residues varied from 0.048 to 0.298 mg/kg in beans, BDL to 0.398 mg/kg in cowpea, 0.018–0.337 mg/kg in maize, 0.023–0.375 mg/kg in millet, 0.058–0.415 mg/kg in sorghum and 0.045–0.442 mg/kg in rice while organophosphate pesticide residue varied from BDL to 0.315 mg/kg in beans, BDL to 0.113 mg/kg in cowpea, BDL to 0.228 mg/kg in maize, BDL to 0.253 mg/kg in millet, BDL to 0.218 mg/kg in sorghum and BDL to 2.1 35 mg/kg in rice. Highest concentration of endosulphan II (0.442 mg/kg) was detected in rice, followed by aldrin (0.415 mg kg−1) in sorghum and endosulphan II (0.40 mg/kg) in sorghum. The pesticide toxicity index (PTI) was above one (1), whereas health index (HI) was less than one (1) and cancer risk were within USEPA reference guideline for crops indicating children will have greater health effect than adults. Hence, strict monitoring and control of pesticide residues in agricultural products is advocated.
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Li Z, Fantke P. Considering degradation kinetics of pesticides in plant uptake models: proof of concept for potato. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1154-1163. [PMID: 36371622 PMCID: PMC10099551 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degradation kinetics of pesticides in plants are crucial for modeling mechanism-based pesticide residual concentrations. However, due to complex open-field conditions that involve multiple pesticide plant uptake and elimination processes, it is difficult to directly measure degradation kinetics of pesticides in plants. To address this limitation, we proposed a modeling approach for estimating degradation rate constants of pesticides in plants, using potato as a model crop. An operational tool was developed to backward-estimate degradation rate constants, and three pesticides were selected to perform example simulations. RESULTS The simulation results of thiamethoxam indicated that the growth dynamics of the potato had a significant impact on the degradation kinetic estimates when the pesticide was applied during the early growth stage, as the size of the potato determined the uptake and elimination kinetics via diffusion. Using mepiquat, we demonstrated that geographical variations in weather conditions and soil properties led to significant differences in the dissipation kinetics in both potato plants and soil, which propagated the variability of the degradation rate constant. Simulation results of chlorpyrifos differed between two reported field studies, which is due to the effect of the vertical distribution of the residue concentration in the soil, which is not considered in the majority of recent studies. CONCLUSIONS Our proposed approach is adaptable to plant growth dynamics, preharvest intervals, and multiple pesticide application events. In future research, it is expected that the proposed method will enable region-specific inputs to improve the estimation of the degradation kinetics of pesticides in plants. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
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A Comprehensive Review of Pesticide Residues in Peppers. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050970. [PMID: 36900487 PMCID: PMC10000673 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are chemicals that are used to control pests such as insects, fungi, and weeds. Pesticide residues can remain on crops after application. Peppers are popular and versatile foods that are valued for their flavor, nutrition, and medicinal properties. The consumption of raw or fresh peppers (bell and chili) can have important health benefits due to their high levels of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Therefore, it is crucial to consider factors such as pesticide use and preparation methods to fully realize these benefits. Ensuring that the levels of pesticide residues in peppers are not harmful to human health requires rigorous and continuous monitoring. Several analytical methods, such as gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), mass spectrometry (MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), can detect and quantify pesticide residues in peppers. The choice of analytical method depends on the specific pesticide, that is being tested for and the type of sample being analyzed. The sample preparation method usually involves several processes. This includes extraction, which is used to separate the pesticides from the pepper matrix, and cleanup, which removes any interfering substances that could affect the accuracy of the analysis. Regulatory agencies or food safety organizations typically monitor pesticide residues in peppers by stipulating maximum residue limits (MRLs). Herein, we discuss various sample preparation, cleanup, and analytical techniques, as well as the dissipation patterns and application of monitoring strategies for analyzing pesticides in peppers to help safeguard against potential human health risks. From the authors' perspective, several challenges and limitations exist in the analytical approach to monitoring pesticide residues in peppers. These include the complexity of the matrix, the limited sensitivity of some analytical methods, cost and time, a lack of standard methods, and limited sample size. Furthermore, developing new analytical methods, using machine learning and artificial intelligence, promoting sustainable and organic growing practices, improving sample preparation methods, and increasing standardization could assist efficiently in analyzing pesticide residues in peppers.
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Li Z. Modeling banana uptake of pesticides by incorporating a peel-pulp interaction system into a multicompartment fruit tree model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130411. [PMID: 36403454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
According to field research, banana peels have a significant impact on the uptake of pesticide residues by banana pulps. To predict pesticide residue concentrations in harvested bananas, however, current modeling approaches did not take into consideration the banana peel as a single simulating compartment. To address the problem, we incorporated a peel-pulp interaction system into a modified multicompartment fruit tree model in order to simulate pesticide residue concentrations in banana plants. The simulation results revealed that lipophilicity played a crucial role in regulating pesticide bioaccumulation in banana plants, showing that moderately- or highly-lipophilic compounds had a high potential for bioaccumulation in banana pulps and peels. Some model inputs, such as peel thickness, degradation rates in plant tissues, and dissipation rates in the soil, had a substantial impact on the bioaccumulation of pesticides in banana pulps and peels. Even if more aspects (such as dynamically morphological properties of banana plants and ionizable chemical compounds) must be considered for in future research, the proposed modeling approach can aid in the comprehension of the pesticide bioaccumulation mechanism in banana plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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Mu X, Wang Y, Qian B, Liu G, Xu J, Zeng F. Monitoring of organophosphorus pesticide residues in plant and vegetable tissues by a novel silver nanocluster probe. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:762-770. [PMID: 36661345 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01903e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
More and more attention has been paid to the problem of pesticide residues, especially in plants and vegetables, due to their close relationship with human health and food safety. Compared to conventional detecting techniques, the fluorescence sensing method has achieved good results for pesticides detection. However, most of the reported fluorescent probes needed two or more steps to achieve the detection of pesticide residues, which greatly limited their application for in vivo imaging and in situ analysis of agricultural residues in plants and vegetables. In this paper, an Ag nanoclusters (AgNCs) based fluorescent probe is developed for one-step detection of pesticide residues. The novel nanoprobe displayed impressive advantages, such as a selective response to glyphosate pesticide, rapid response within 1 min and an ultralow detection limit of 21 nM. The sensing mechanism is attributed to the unique coordination interaction between AgNCs and glyphosate, which not only increased the size of AgNCs to form big Ag particles, but also caused the fluorescence quenching of AgNCs system. Due to its favorable properties, the probe has been successfully applied to imaging the organophosphorus pesticide of glyphosate in the leave tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana and the root tip cells of lettuce for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqiong Mu
- Research & Development Center for Eco-Material and Eco-Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, P. R. China
| | - Yinquan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, P. R. China
| | - Bo Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Research & Development Center for Eco-Material and Eco-Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Research & Development Center for Eco-Material and Eco-Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Fankui Zeng
- Research & Development Center for Eco-Material and Eco-Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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Li Z, Fantke P. Framework for defining pesticide maximum residue levels in feed: applications to cattle and sheep. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:748-759. [PMID: 36259312 PMCID: PMC10092036 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide residues in animal feed can endanger animal health and compromise the safety of livestock products for human consumption. Even though policymakers such as the European Union and the World Health Organization have established maximum residue levels (MRLs) for pesticides in both human food and animal feed, there is no systematic management of pesticides in animal feed that considers the entire supply chain. In response, we propose a framework for defining consistent MRLs for pesticides in animal feed that assesses the impact of defined MRLs on upstream (e.g., MRLs in feed crops) and downstream (e.g., MRLs in livestock products) sectors of the livestock-product supply chain. RESULTS The MRLs determined for the selected pesticides in the feed of cattle and sheep as case study animals indicate that lipophilic pesticides tend to have lower MRLs than hydrophilic pesticides, primarily due to the relatively high toxicity and biotransfer factors of lipophilic pesticides. In addition, we observe that, primarily for lipophilic pesticides, upstream and downstream regulations are not aligned in terms of defining MRLs in feed using current MRLs in crops with relevance to feed and foods of animal origin. CONCLUSION Some of the current pesticide regulations in the livestock-product supply chain need to be re-evaluated to ensure that MRLs in the upstream sector (i.e., crops) do not result in unacceptable residues in the downstream sector (i.e., MRLs in livestock products affecting animal and human health). Finally, we provide recommendations for optimizing the derivation of MRLs in feed, including the evaluation of residue fate during feed and food manufacturing processes. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
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Bian Y, Feng Y, Zhang A, Qi X, Ma X, Pan J, Han J, Liang L. Residue behaviors, processing factors and transfer rates of pesticides and metabolites in rose from cultivation to consumption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130104. [PMID: 36303346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pesticide residues in rose makes it necessary to pay special attention to the proper cultivation to consumption. In this study, the inherent regularity of residue behaviors, processing factors and transfer rates of pesticides and potential metabolites during rose planting, drying and brewing was researched. The half-lives in the bud, corolla and leaf were 0.5-2.9, 0.3-1.7 and 2.6-25.9 d, respectively. Residues were more distributed in leaf, followed by corolla, bud and root. Systemic pesticides could appear in the root 1 day after application, and non-systemic pesticides were not detected in the root. The effect of sun and oven drying (80 °C) was more significant in promoting the degradation of cyazofamid, bifenazate, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid. The processing factors (PFs) of other pesticides were > 1. Our results showed that the transfer rate of residues during brewing was negatively correlated exponentially with Log Kow and positively logarithmically correlated with melting point and water solubility. The transfer rate of residues and antioxidant capacity in infusion were significantly affected by different brewing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Bian
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China.
| | - Yizhi Feng
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Aijuan Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xiaoxue Qi
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xingang Ma
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Jinju Pan
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Jifeng Han
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences Institute of Residue Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250033, China.
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Heo YJ, Kwak SY, Sarker A, Lee SH, Choi JW, Oh JE, Abdulkareem L, Kim JE. Uptake and translocation of fungicide picarbutrazox in greenhouse cabbage: the significance of translocation factors and home processing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40919-40930. [PMID: 36626053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the uptake and translocation of the fungicide picarbutrazox (PBZ) and its isomer in greenhouse cabbage. Two distinct treatments, including foliar spray and soil application of PBZ, were used in this study. In the foliar application, the fungicide was sprayed thrice at intervals of 7 days from 30, 21, and 14 days before harvest following the OECD guidelines of fungicides in crops, whereas in soil treatment, PBZ was applied for one time at concentrations of 2 and 10 mg/kg, and cabbage was cultivated for 68 days. Additionally, the role of root and translocation factors during residual fungicide distribution was demonstrated. The quality control of the analytical study exhibited excellent linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99), the limit of quantification (LOQ 0.005 mg/kg), accuracy (recovery within the range of 70-120%), and precision (relative coefficient within 0.3-13.8%) for studied PBZ and its metabolites. In the foliar application, initially higher amount of residual PBZ was evident in the outermost leaf of the cabbage, whereas in soil treatment, the highest residual PBZ was observed in the soil and roots. Therefore, the application method of picarbutrazox is a critical factor for defining the initial entry route of pesticides and the subsequent translocations through the investigated crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Heo
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeon Kwak
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Aniruddha Sarker
- Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-Do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeob Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Choi
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Oh
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Lawal Abdulkareem
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Mandal K, Singh R, Sharma S, Kataria D. Dissipation and kinetic studies of fluopyram and trifloxystrobin in chilli. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tan H, Wu Q, Hao R, Wang C, Zhai J, Li Q, Cui Y, Wu C. Occurrence, distribution, and driving factors of current-use pesticides in commonly cultivated crops and their potential risks to non-target organisms: A case study in Hainan, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158640. [PMID: 36113805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple pesticides are heavily applied in crops grown in China's tropics due to the prevalence of diseases and pests, thus posing potential risks to nontarget organisms (e.g., honeybees, lacewings, ladybugs, and humans). However, there is little information on this topic. This study is the first assessment of the occurrence, driving factors, and ecological/human health risks of 32 current-use pesticides (CUPs) in 10 frequently-planted crops collected from practicing rice-vegetable rotation systems in Hainan, China. Of the 132 whole crop samples, 44 (33.3 %) residues from ≥8 pesticides were detected in 9.09 % of crop samples with concentrations ≥0.5 mg kg-1. Six pesticide residues, namely carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, acetamiprid, thiophanate methyl, phoxim, and imidacloprid, were detected in 72.7 % of samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.0021 to 13.5 (median = 0.032) mg kg-1. Among them, carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, and acetamiprid were the most common, contributions from 10.2 to 25.5 % and a detection frequency ranging from 25.6 to 56.1 %. The order of total concentration of 32 CUPs (∑32 CUP) concentrations during the year was January > May > November > August and vegetables > rice, being highly related with pesticides usage pattern, crop type, plant accumulation/dissipation and plant lipid contents. The ecological risk quotients (RQs) to four beneficial terrestrial organisms showed that 9.6-39.1 % of samples posed a potential medium or high ecological risk, with 13.6-65.9 % of samples at ∑RQ > 1 being highly affected by the residues of neonicotinoids and emamectin benzoate. Emamectin benzoate (8.9 %) and acetamiprid (5.6 %) exceeded the individual Maximum Residue Levels based on Chinese legislation (GB2763-2021). Moreover, cumulative dietary exposure presented a higher risk to humans in 11.0 and 22.0 % of the cases for acute and chronic, mainly originating from the higher concentration contributors of systemic pesticides in edible crops. Therefore, the regulation and monitoring of CUP residues is imperative for rice-vegetable rotation systems in tropical China to avoid negative effects on nontarget organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Tan
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China; Danzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Danzhou 571737, PR China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Danzhou 571737, PR China; Hainan Engineering Research Center for Non-point Source and Heavy Metal Pollution Control, Danzhou 571737, PR China
| | - Qiumin Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China; School of Resources and Environment, Central China Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Rong Hao
- School of Resources and Environment, Central China Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Chuanmi Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Jinlin Zhai
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Qinfen Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China; Danzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Danzhou 571737, PR China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Danzhou 571737, PR China; Hainan Engineering Research Center for Non-point Source and Heavy Metal Pollution Control, Danzhou 571737, PR China
| | - Yanmei Cui
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Chunyuan Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China; Danzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Danzhou 571737, PR China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Danzhou 571737, PR China; Hainan Engineering Research Center for Non-point Source and Heavy Metal Pollution Control, Danzhou 571737, PR China.
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Sharma N, Mandal K, Sharma S. Dissipation and risk assessment of fluopyram and trifloxystrobin on onion by GC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80612-80623. [PMID: 35723826 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The dissipation and risk assessment studies on fluopyram, trifloxystrobin and their metabolites were carried out on onion under field conditions after two treatments of fluopyram 250 g/L + trifloxystrobin 250 g/L SC @ 150 and 300 g a.i. ha-1. The onion bulb samples were collected at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after second spray to study the pattern of dissipation using QuEChERS methodology for processing and analysis on GC-MS/MS. The total initial residues of fluopyram (fluopyram + fluopyram benzamide) in immature onion bulb were 2.14 and 4.93 mg kg-1, at single and double dose, respectively. The residues of 0.02 and 0.06 mg kg-1 persisted in the mature onion bulb collected at the harvest (30 days after treatment). The total initial residues of trifloxystrobin (trifloxystrobin + CGA 321113) in immature onion bulb were 0.65 and 1.97 mg kg-1, at single and double dose, respectively, which reached < LOQ and 0.06 mg kg-1 at the respective doses at the harvest time. Dissipation of fluopyram followed second-order kinetics with DT50 values of 1.83 and 1.74 days, whereas trifloxystrobin followed first-order kinetics with DT50 values of 4.73 and 4.78 days, at single and double dose respectively. Risk assessment in terms of hazard quotient was done to estimate the risk that can occur due to application of this combination pesticide. It was observed that even the spray at the double recommended dose could not have dietary risks on the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Sharma
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Kousik Mandal
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
| | - Smriti Sharma
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Li M, Wang Q, Li X, Yue N, Jin M, Zheng L, Wang J, Jin F. Different dissipation potential and dietary risk assessment of tristyrylphenol ethoxylates in cowpea ecosystem in China. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1036025. [PMID: 36337636 PMCID: PMC9626860 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1036025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (TSPEOn) are widely used as inert ingredients in pesticide formulations in the world. However, the information on the dissipation behavior of different homologs TSPEOn in agro-products is lacking. To investigate the dissipation behavior of TSPEOn, a cowpea field experiment treated with TSPEOn at different doses was carried out in Guangdong province, China. Different 24 TSPEO homologs were all detected in cowpea from the field terminal residue experiments, and the total concentrations of TSPEO homologs in cowpea were 40.0–1,374 μg/kg. The dissipation half-lives of 24 TSPEO homologs in soil were 1.51–2.35 times longer than those in cowpea. The long-chain homologs TSPEOn were dissipated faster than the short-chain homologs TSPEOn, suggesting a homolog-specific degradation of the TSPEOn in the cowpea ecosystem. The characteristic bimodal profiles of TSPEOn (n = 6–29) differing from that of the commercial TSPEOn were observed in the cowpea terminal residues experiment, indicating that the long-chain TSPEOn would degrade to short-chain TSPEOn in cowpea and soil. The acute and chronic dietary exposure risks of ΣTSPEOn in cowpea are within acceptable margins for human consumption across different ages and genders. But the health risks to children should be noticed in future.
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Dissipation and processing factors of emamectin benzoate and tolfenpyrad in tea (Camellia Sinensis). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
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43
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Wang W, Cho YJ, Song JW, Kim YJ, Seo JS, Kim JH. Residue Behavior of Methoxyfenozide and Pymetrozine in Chinese Cabbage and Their Health Risk Assessment. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192995. [PMID: 36230071 PMCID: PMC9563777 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methoxyfenozide and pymetrozine are used for pest control in the cultivation of Chinese cabbage. This has raised concerns in recent years due to health risks. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the residual concentrations of pesticides in the target crop and associated health risks. The dynamics and influence of environmental factors on the dissipation of methoxyfenozide and pymetrozine residues in Chinese cabbage were investigated. Analyses were performed using a modified QuEchERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) and an optimized high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The observed half-lives of methoxyfenozide and pymetrozine in cabbage samples ranged between two sampling seasons: in May−June, half-lives of methoxyfenozide and pymetrozine were 1.20 days and 1.89 days, respectively; during October−November, half-lives of methoxyfenozide and pymetrozine were 11.8 and 2.80 days, respectively. Meanwhile, a negative Spearman correlation was found between the residual concentrations and temperature (p < 0.01). This indicates that higher temperatures resulted in higher dissipation rates for methoxyfenozide and pymetrozine, suggesting that these pesticides degraded faster at higher temperatures. Additionally, higher pesticide residues in Chinese cabbage during low-temperature seasons resulted in higher risk quotients (RQ) (RQ > 1) for both analyzed compounds, which suggests that the effect of temperature on pesticide degradation needs to be considered as an essential factor while setting up the maximum residue limits (MRL).
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Xu F, Lu Z, Xu D, Lu H, Qiu J, Zha X. Dissipation behavior, residue transfer, and safety evaluation of chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb during tea growing and brewing by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:63735-63752. [PMID: 35461412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A reliable and simple analytical method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb in tea using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The average recoveries of chlorantraniliprole were in the range of 86-110%, with the precision of intraday (n = 5) and interday (n = 15) ranging from 1.9 to 8.4% and from 2.4 to 8.8%, respectively. The average recoveries of indoxacarb were in the range 81-105%, with the precision of intraday (n = 5) and interday (n = 15) ranging from 2.0 to 9.8% and from 2.7 to 9.1%, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were all 0.01 mg/kg. The results based on the supervised field trials showed that chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb in two tea samples followed first-order kinetics models with half-lives of 2.2-4.7 days and 2.5-3.5 days, which could be regarded as a moderately degrading pesticide. The terminal residues of chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb in made tea were below 6.7 and 4.5 mg/kg, respectively, lower than their corresponding maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by several major countries and organizations (50 and 5 mg/kg). The leaching rates of chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb during the tea brewing ranged from 4.78 to 12.62% and 4.13 to 10.67%, respectively. The chronic intake risk quotient (RQc) values for chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb were 0.24% and 35.10%, while the acute dietary risk assessment (RQa) value of indoxacarb was 5.8%, which were all much lower than 100%. The results in the present study indicated that the health risk posed by the chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb mixture pesticides was negligible in tea for consumers at the recommended dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, 31-1 Hengjing Road, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenyang Lu
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, 31-1 Hengjing Road, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Xu
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, 31-1 Hengjing Road, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lu
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, 31-1 Hengjing Road, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuyang Qiu
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, 31-1 Hengjing Road, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zha
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, 31-1 Hengjing Road, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
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Nath R, Komala G, Fantke P, Mukherjee S. Dissipation kinetics, residue modeling and human intake of endosulfan applied to okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155591. [PMID: 35490803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The non-judicious application of the harmful pesticide endosulfan on okra, one of India's most consumed vegetable crops, has resulted in the frequent detection of residues in food samples. This can lead to resistance and the resurgence of various pests and diseases. In this context, combined dissipation and residue dynamics of different endosulfan components or mixtures (isomers and metabolites) in crop compartments are not yet well understood. To address this research gap, the present study evaluates the dissipation and persistence behavior of different endosulfan isomers (alpha-, beta-isomers) and major metabolite (endosulfan sulfate) on okra during 2017 and 2018. The half-life of endosulfan on okra leaves was found to be between 1.79 and 3.47 days. Half of the endosulfan deposits on okra fruits at the recommended doses were dissipated after 2.39 days compared to 1.99 days at double recommended doses (mean of 2017 and 2018 residue data). Measured endosulfan residues were evaluated against the dynamic plant uptake model dynamiCROP. The better fits were observed between modeled and measured residues for fruits (R2 from 0.84 to 0.96 and residual standard error (ER) between 0.6 and 1.47) as compared to leaves (R2 from 0.57 to 0.88). We also report fractions of endosulfan components ingested by humans after crop harvest. Intake fractions range from 0.0001-7.2 gintake/kg of applied pesticide. Our results can evaluate pesticide residues in different crops grown for human consumption, including their isomers and metabolites. They can be combined with dose-response information to evaluate human exposure and/or health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nath
- School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - G Komala
- Department of Entomology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Shen Y, Zhao E, Zhang W, Baccarelli AA, Gao F. Predicting pesticide dissipation half-life intervals in plants with machine learning models. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129177. [PMID: 35643003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide dissipation half-life in plants is an important factor to assessing environmental fate of pesticides and establishing pre-harvest intervals critical to good agriculture practices. However, empirically measured pesticide dissipation half-lives are highly variable and the accurate prediction with models is challenging. This study utilized a dataset of pesticide dissipation half-lives containing 1363 datapoints, 311 pesticides, 10 plant types, and 4 plant component classes. Novel dissipation half-life intervals were proposed and predicted to account for high variations in empirical data. Four machine learning models (i.e., gradient boosting regression tree [GBRT], random forest [RF], supporting vector classifier [SVC], and logistic regression [LR]) were developed to predict dissipation half-life intervals using extended connectivity fingerprints (ECFP), temperature, plant type, and plant component class as model inputs. GBRT-ECFP had the best model performance with F1-microbinary score of 0.698 ± 0.010 for the binary classification compared with other machine learning models (e.g., LR-ECFP, F1-microbinary= 0.662 ± 0.009). Feature importance analysis of molecular structures in the binary classification identified aromatic rings, carbonyl group, organophosphate, =C-H, and N-containing heterocyclic groups as important substructures related to pesticide dissipation half-lives. This study suggests the utility of machine learning models in assessing the environmental fate of pesticides in agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Shen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Ercheng Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States.
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States.
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Liu G, Feng X, Wan Y, Liu Q, Liu Y, Dong J. Uptake, translocation, and degradation of spirotetramat in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller): Impact of the mixed-application with pymetrozine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60133-60144. [PMID: 35419685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the impact of the mixed-application with pymetrozine on the behavior (i.e., uptake, translocation, and degradation) of spirotetramat in tomatoes under laboratory conditions. Results showed that pymetrozine promoted the uptake of spirotetramat from the nutrition solution after root application. The root concentration factor was 0.290 and 1.566 after spirotetramat single application and mixed-application with pymetrozine, respectively. It had little effect on the degradation of spirotetramat, with the metabolites of M-keto, M-enol, and M-glu in tomato issue (root, stems, and leaves). After foliar treatments, pymetrozine accelerated the translocation of spirotetramat from leaves to stems, with the translocation factor of 0.145 and 0.402 after spirotetramat single application and mixtures with pymetrozine, respectively. Pymetrozine also promoted the degradation of spirotetramat to M-kto and M-enol in leaves. Besides, a partition-limited model was used to describe the distribution processes of spirotetramat in the tomato-water system after root application. It showed that pymetrozine accelerated the distribution balance of spirotetramat in the whole system. Our result indicates that the interaction among pesticides should be considered when studied for the uptake, translocation, and degradation of pesticides in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Wan
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Liu
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingao Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
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Chen Q, Zhang Y, Su G. Comparative study of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) and NNI-Related substances (r-NNIs) in foodstuffs and indoor dust. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107368. [PMID: 35779283 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Comparative studies of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) and NNI-related substances (r-NNIs) in foodstuffs and indoor dust are rare. Herein, we investigated the feature fragmentations of nine NNIs in high-energy collision dissociation cells via high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry and observed that NNIs can consistently generate several feature fragments (e.g., C6H5NCl+, C4H3NSCl+, and C6H5NF3+). Consequently, NNIs and r-NNIs were comprehensively (targeted, suspect, and feature fragment-dependent) detected in 107 foodstuff and 49 indoor dust samples collected from Nanjing City (eastern China). We fully or tentatively identified 9 target NNIs and 5 r-NNIs in these samples. NNIs and r-NNIs were detected in 93.5% of the analyzed foodstuff samples, and high concentrations were detected in vegetables (mean: 409 ng/g wet weight [ww]) and fruits (127 ng/g ww). Regarding indoor dust, imidacloprid and acetamiprid exhibited extremely high detection frequencies and contamination levels, and the highest mean concentrations of NNIs and r-NNIs were detected in dormitory samples. Based on the NNI and r-NNI concentrations in the analyzed samples, the mean estimated daily intake values for Chinese adults and children via dietary intake and dust ingestion were 2080-8190 ng/kg bw/day and 378-2680 pg/kg bw/day, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Yayun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
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Dissipation behavior and dietary exposure risk of pesticides in Brussels sprout evaluated using LC-MS/MS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12726. [PMID: 35882914 PMCID: PMC9325977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the dissipation behavior and dietary exposure risk of eight pesticides in Brussels sprout were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Brussels sprout samples were collected 0, 7, 14, and 21 days after the last pesticide treatment. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used for sample analysis. Recovery rates at different concentrations of pesticides (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) were in the range of 70.2–104.5%, and the relative standard deviations were ≤ 10.6%. The pesticide residues in Brussels sprouts were determined for each treatment. For acephate, etofenprox, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, fludioxonil, and oxytetracycline, the half-lives were, respectively, 11.3, 9.8, 11.3, 15.8, 10.6, 13, 9.1, and 8.2 d and the dietary intake rates were, respectively, 2.90%, 0.81%, 0.7%, 1.19%, 0.06%, 0.24%, 0.05%, and 0.36% of the acceptable daily intake. The findings of this study provide important insights into the establishment of maximum residue limits in the Republic of Korea and pesticide control measures for Brussels sprout.
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Ward LT, Hladik ML, Guzman A, Winsemius S, Bautista A, Kremen C, Mills NJ. Pesticide exposure of wild bees and honey bees foraging from field border flowers in intensively managed agriculture areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154697. [PMID: 35318049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bees are critical for food crop pollination, yet their populations are declining as agricultural practices intensify. Pollinator-attractive field border plantings (e.g. hedgerows and forb strips) can increase bee diversity and abundance in agricultural areas; however, recent studies suggest these plants may contain pesticides. Pesticide exposure for wild bees remains largely unknown; however, this information is needed to inform agricultural practices and pesticide regulations meant to protect bees. It is important to determine whether border plantings that attract and support pollinators may also deliver pesticides to them. In this study, we collected various samples for pesticide residue analysis, including: multiple species of wild bees, honey bees, flowers from four types of bee-attractive field border plants, and soil. Silicone bands were also utilized as passive aerial samplers of pesticide residues. The five pesticides detected most frequently across all samples were the insecticide bifenthrin, the herbicides thiobencarb, metolaclor, and propanil, and the fungicide fluopyram. We detected the greatest number of parent pesticides in bands (24), followed by soil (21). Pesticides were also detected in field border plant flowers (16), which do not receive direct pesticide applications, and included many products which were not applied to adjacent field crops. Pesticide concentrations were lower in bees than in flowers but higher in bees than in soils. Pesticide residue per bee (ng/bee) increased with increasing wild bee size, though pesticide concentration (ng/g) did not increase. While honey bees and wild bees contained a similar number and concentration of pesticides overall, pesticide mixtures varied by bee type, and included some mixtures known to cause sublethal effects. The results from this study highlight the benefits of measuring more sample types to capture the total exposome of bees, including a greater range of bee species, as well as the need to consider exposure to pesticides at the landscape level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura T Ward
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA.
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, 6000 J St., Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Aidee Guzman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - Sara Winsemius
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA; Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616-8627, USA
| | - Ariana Bautista
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - Claire Kremen
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA; Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, Dept of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, 429-2202 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Mills
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
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