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He P, Pang H, Yang Z, Li S, Huang Y, Hou X, Possnert G, Zheng X, Pei X, Aldahan A. 127I and 129I species in the English Channel and its adjacent areas: Uncovering impact on the isotopes marine pathways. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119178. [PMID: 36219893 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive iodine-129 has been released from the La Hague nuclear fuel reprocessing facility (NRF) into the English Channel, but the distribution and transformation of the isotope species, and environmental consequences have not been fully characterized in the Channel. Here we present data on iodine isotopes (129I and 127I) species in surface water of the English Channel and the southern Celtic Sea. Compared to 127I species, the concentrations of 129I- and 129IO3- show more variations, but iodate is the major species for both 129I and 127I. Our data provide new information regarding iodide-iodate inter-conversion showing that water dilution and mixing are the main factors affecting the 127I and 129I species distribution in the Channel. Some reduction of iodate occurs within the English Channel and mainly in the west part because of biotic processes. The 129I species transformation is overall insignificant, especially in the eastern Channel, where a constant value of 129IO3-/129I is observed, which might characterize the La Hague wastewater signal. In the Celtic Sea, oxidation of iodide can be traced by 127I and 129I species. On a larger scale, 129I generally experienced an oxidation process in the Atlantic Ocean, while in the coast of shallow shelf seas, new produced 129I- can be identified, especially in the German Bight and the Baltic Sea. The data of 129I species in the English Channel can provide estimate of redox rates in a much broader marine areas if the transit time of 129I from La Hague is well-defined. Furthermore, estimate of inventories for 129I and its species in the Channel, and fluxes of 129I species from the English Channel to the North Sea add important information to the geochemical cycle of 129I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- School of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Hongying Pang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Sihong Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Risø Campus, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Xi'an AMS Center, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Göran Possnert
- Tandem Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 529, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xuefeng Zheng
- Sichuan Jinmei Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangjun Pei
- School of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Ala Aldahan
- Department of Geosciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE.
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2
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Qi Y, Matsuzaki H. Speciation analysis of both inorganic and organic 129I in seawater and its application in the study of the marine iodine cycle. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3623-3631. [PMID: 36047386 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A complete protocol is presented for the speciation analysis of 129I for both inorganic and organic iodine in seawater using coprecipitation and solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). By modifying the iodide separation process and adding a crossover removal step, the improved coprecipitation method significantly reduces the cross-contamination of iodide and iodate to less than 0.05% in the speciation analysis of inorganic 129I, with the separation efficiencies of about 95% and 93% for iodide and iodate, respectively. The SPE-DOI method for the dissolved organic 129I (DO129I) analysis was developed, whereby we report the first direct observation of DO129I/DO127I atom ratios in seawater in this paper. 129I species in seawater from Tokyo Bay were analysed. The 129I results demonstrated that our protocol for speciation analysis of 129I is reliable and provided new insights into understanding the iodine cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Qi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
- Micro Analysis Laboratory, Tandem Accelerator, The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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3
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Lee SY, Seo HJ, An HR, Kwon JS. Immobile crystallization of radioactive iodide by redox transformation of a low crystalline copper phase. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132266. [PMID: 34543898 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here we show an innovative way to effectively scavenge highly mobile radioiodide and to dramatically reduce its waste volume through a spontaneous phase transformation. Under an anaerobic condition, as metallic copper (II) was favorably associated with bicarbonate (HCO3-) in solution, a cupriferous carbonate compound (malachite) quickly formed, which was redox-sensitive and transformable to a compact crystal of CuI (marshite). The formation of CuI crystal was principally led by the spontaneous Cu-I redox reaction centering around the copper phase over the presence of sulfate (SO42-). The completely transformed CuI crystal was poorly soluble in water and grew to large microcrystals (∼μm) via a remarkable selectivity for I-. Interestingly, this redox-induced iodide crystallization was rather promoted over the existence of anionic competitors (e.g., HCO3- and SO42-), which usually exist in wastewater and natural water. Unlike the conventional methods, these competing anions positively behaved in our system by supporting that the initial malachite was more apt to be reactive to largely attract highly mobile I-. Under practical environments with various anions, such a selective I- uptake and fixation within a compact crystalline space will be a promising way to effectively remove I- in a great capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeop Lee
- Disposal Performance Demonstration Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Jin Seo
- Disposal Performance Demonstration Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Rim An
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Soon Kwon
- Disposal Performance Demonstration Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
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4
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Chance RJ, Tinel L, Sherwen T, Baker AR, Bell T, Brindle J, Campos MLAM, Croot P, Ducklow H, Peng H, Hopkins F, Hoogakker B, Hughes C, Jickells TD, Loades D, Macaya DAR, Mahajan AS, Malin G, Phillips D, Roberts I, Roy R, Sarkar A, Sinha AK, Song X, Winkelbauer H, Wuttig K, Yang M, Peng Z, Carpenter LJ. Global sea-surface iodide observations, 1967-2018. Sci Data 2019; 6:286. [PMID: 31772255 PMCID: PMC6879483 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine iodine cycle has significant impacts on air quality and atmospheric chemistry. Specifically, the reaction of iodide with ozone in the top few micrometres of the surface ocean is an important sink for tropospheric ozone (a pollutant gas) and the dominant source of reactive iodine to the atmosphere. Sea surface iodide parameterisations are now being implemented in air quality models, but these are currently a major source of uncertainty. Relatively little observational data is available to estimate the global surface iodide concentrations, and this data has not hitherto been openly available in a collated, digital form. Here we present all available sea surface (<20 m depth) iodide observations. The dataset includes values digitised from published manuscripts, published and unpublished data supplied directly by the originators, and data obtained from repositories. It contains 1342 data points, and spans latitudes from 70°S to 68°N, representing all major basins. The data may be used to model sea surface iodide concentrations or as a reference for future observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie J Chance
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Liselotte Tinel
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Tomás Sherwen
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Alex R Baker
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Thomas Bell
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, PL1 3DH, Plymouth, UK
| | - John Brindle
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Maria Lucia A M Campos
- Departamento de Química, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Peter Croot
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hugh Ducklow
- Earth & Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, PO Box 1000, Palisades, New York, 10964-8000, USA
| | - He Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
- School of Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | | | - Babette Hoogakker
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire Hughes
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Timothy D Jickells
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - David Loades
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Anoop S Mahajan
- Centre for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, India
| | - Gill Malin
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Ieuan Roberts
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Rajdeep Roy
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Hyderabad, India
| | - Amit Sarkar
- National Centre Polar and Ocean Research, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, 403 804, India
- Ecosystem based management of marine resources, (EBMMR), Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Alok Kumar Sinha
- National Centre Polar and Ocean Research, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, 403 804, India
| | - Xiuxian Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Helge Winkelbauer
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathrin Wuttig
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24015, Kiel, Germany
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Mingxi Yang
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, PL1 3DH, Plymouth, UK
| | - Zhou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lucy J Carpenter
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
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Liu D, Hou X, Du J, Zhang L, Zhou W. 129I and its species in the East China Sea: level, distribution, sources and tracing water masses exchange and movement. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36611. [PMID: 27849026 PMCID: PMC5111073 DOI: 10.1038/srep36611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic 129I as a long-lived radioisotope of iodine has been considered as an ideal oceanographic tracer due to its high residence time and conservative property in the ocean. Surface water samples collected from the East China Sea (ECS) in August 2013 were analyzed for 129I, 127I and their inorganic chemical species in the first time. The measured 129I/127I ratio is 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than the pre-nuclear level, indicating its dominantly anthropogenic sources. Relatively high 129I levels were observed in the Yangtze River and its estuary, as well as in the southern Yellow Sea, and 129I level in seawater declines towards the ECS shelf. In the open sea, 129I and 127I in surface water exists mainly as iodate, while in Yangtze River estuary and some locations, iodide is dominated. The results indicate that the Fukushima nuclear accident has no detectable effects in the ECS until August 2013. The obtained results are used for investigation of interaction of various water masses and water circulation in the ECS, as well as the marine environment in this region. Meanwhile this work provides essential data for evaluation of the possible influence of the increasing NPPs along the coast of the ECS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Cademy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Cademy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.,Technical University of Denmark, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Risø Campus, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Luyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Cademy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Cademy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
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6
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Microbial copper reduction method to scavenge anthropogenic radioiodine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28113. [PMID: 27311370 PMCID: PMC4911603 DOI: 10.1038/srep28113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Unexpected reactor accidents and radioisotope production and consumption have led to a continuous increase in the global-scale contamination of radionuclides. In particular, anthropogenic radioiodine has become critical due to its highly volatile mobilization and recycling in global environments, resulting in widespread, negative impact on nature. We report a novel biostimulant method to effectively scavenge radioiodine that exhibits remarkable selectivity for the highly difficult-to-capture radioiodine of >500-fold over other anions, even under circumneutral pH. We discovered a useful mechanism by which microbially reducible copper (i.e., Cu(2+) to Cu(+)) acts as a strong binder for iodide-iodide anions to form a crystalline halide salt of CuI that is highly insoluble in wastewater. The biocatalytic crystallization of radioiodine is a promising way to remove radioiodine in a great capacity with robust growth momentum, further ensuring its long-term stability through nuclear I(-) fixation via microcrystal formation.
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7
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Fan Y, Hou X, Zhou W, Liu G. (129)I record of nuclear activities in marine sediment core from Jiaozhou Bay in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 154:15-24. [PMID: 26821329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Iodine-129 has been used as a powerful tool for environmental tracing of human nuclear activities. In this work, a sediment core collected from Jiaozhou Bay, the east coast of China, in 2002 was analyzed for (129)I to investigate the influence of human nuclear activities in this region. Significantly enhanced (129)I level was observed in upper 70 cm of the sediment core, with peak values in the layer corresponding to 1957, 1964, 1974, 1986, and after 1990. The sources of (129)I and corresponding transport processes in this region are discussed, including nuclear weapons testing at the Pacific Proving Grounds, global fallout from a large numbers of nuclear weapon tests in 1963, the climax of Chinese nuclear weapons testing in the early 1970s, the Chernobyl accident in 1986, and long-distance dispersion of European reprocessing derived (129)I. The very well (129)I records of different human nuclear activities in the sediment core illustrate the potential application of (129)I in constraining ages and sedimentation rates of the recent sediment. The releases of (129)I from the European nuclear fuel reprocessing plants at La Hague (France) and Sellafield (UK) were found to dominate the inventory of (129)I in the Chinese sediments after 1990, not only the directly atmospheric releases of these reprocessing plants, but also re-emission of marine discharged (129)I of these reprocessing plants in the highly contaminated European seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Fan
- Xi'an AMS Center, SKLLQG, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AMS Technology and Application, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Xi'an AMS Center, SKLLQG, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AMS Technology and Application, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Weijian Zhou
- Xi'an AMS Center, SKLLQG, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AMS Technology and Application, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guangshan Liu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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8
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Present status and perspective of radiochemical analysis of radionuclides in Nordic countries. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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He P, Aldahan A, Hou X, Possnert G. Tracing variability in the iodine isotopes and species along surface water transect from the North Sea to the Canary Islands. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Isnard H, Nonell A, Marie M, Chartier F. Accurate measurements of 129I concentration by isotope dilution using MC-ICPMS for half-life determination. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2015-2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Determining the 129I concentration, a long-lived radionuclide present in spent nuclear fuel, is a major issue for nuclear
waste disposal purpose. 129I also has to be measured in numerous environmental, nuclear and biological samples. To be able
to accurately determine the 129I concentration, an analytical method based on the use of a multicollector-inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICPMS) combined with an isotope dilution technique using an 127I spike, was
developed. First, the influence of different media (HNO3, NaOH and TMAH) on natural 127I signal
intensity and stability and on memory effects was studied. Then an analytical procedure was developed by taking into account the
correction of blanks and interferences. Tellurium was chosen for instrumental mass bias correction, as no certified standards with
suitable 127I/129I ratio are available. Finally, the results, reproducibility and uncertainties obtained for
the 129I concentration determined by isotope dilution with a 127I spike are presented and discussed. The final
expanded relative uncertainty obtained for the iodine-129 concentration was lower than
0.7% (k = 1). This precise 129I determination in association with further activity measurements of this nuclide on the
same sample will render it possible to determine a new value of the 129I half-life with a reduced uncertainty
(0.76%, k = 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Isnard
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), DEN, DPC, SEARS, LANIE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Anthony Nonell
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), DEN, DPC, SEARS, LANIE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Mylène Marie
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), DEN, DPC, SEARS, LANIE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Chartier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), DEN, DPC, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
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