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Liu Q, Chen Q, Tong YJ, Zou X, Zheng X, Gong Z. Tailoring the Coordination Environment of Fe/Zn-BDC to Boost Peroxidase-like Activity for Highly Selective Detection of PFOS. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4673-4681. [PMID: 38451931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid potassium salt (PFOS) residues in ecosystems over long periods are of increasing concern and require a selective and stable optical probe for monitoring. Herein, two functional groups (-F and -NH2) with opposite electronic modulation ability were introduced into Fe/Zn-BDC (denoted as Fe/Zn-BDC-F4 and Fe/Zn-BDC-NH2, respectively) to tailor the coordination environment of the Fe metal center, further regulating the nanozyme activity efficiently. Notably, the peroxidase-like activity is related to the coordination environment of the nanozymes and obeys the following order Fe/Zn-BDC-F4 > Fe/Zn-BDC > Fe/Zn-BDC-NH2. Based on the excellent peroxidase-like activity of Fe/Zn-BDC-F4 and the characteristics of being rich in F atoms, a rapid, selective, and visible colorimetric method was developed for detecting PFOS with a detection limit of 100 nM. The detection mechanism was attributed to various interaction forces between Fe/Zn-BDC-F4 and PFOS, including electrostatic interactions, Fe-S interactions, Fe-F bonds, and halogen bonds. This work not only offers new insights into the atomic-scale rational design of highly active nanozymes but also presents a novel approach to detecting PFOS in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Qiumeng Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, China
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, China
| | - Xue Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, China
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, China
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2
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Bai Y, Wang Q, Li J, Zhou B, Lam PKS, Hu C, Chen L. Significant Variability in the Developmental Toxicity of Representative Perfluoroalkyl Acids as a Function of Chemical Speciation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14904-14916. [PMID: 37774144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Current toxicological data of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are disparate under similar exposure scenarios. To find the cause of the conflicting data, this study examined the influence of chemical speciation on the toxicity of representative PFAAs, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorobutane carboxylic acid (PFBA), and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS). Zebrafish embryos were acutely exposed to PFAA, PFAA salt, and a pH-negative control, after which the developmental impairment and mechanisms were explored. The results showed that PFAAs were generally more toxic than the corresponding pH control, indicating that the embryonic toxicity of PFAAs was mainly caused by the pollutants themselves. In contrast to the high toxicity of PFAAs, PFAA salts only exhibited mild hazards to zebrafish embryos. Fingerprinting the changes along the thyroidal axis demonstrated distinct modes of endocrine disruption for PFAAs and PFAA salts. Furthermore, biolayer interferometry monitoring found that PFOA and PFBS acids bound more strongly with albumin proteins than did their salts. Accordingly, the acid of PFAAs accumulated significantly higher concentrations than their salt counterparts. The present findings highlight the importance of chemical forms to the outcome of developmental toxicity, calling for the discriminative risk assessment and management of PFAAs and salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Bai
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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3
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Hu C, Liu M, Sun B, Tang L, Zhou X, Chen L. Young fecal transplantation mitigates the toxicity of perfluorobutanesulfonate and potently refreshes the reproductive endocrine system in aged recipients. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107418. [PMID: 35868075 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aging process leads to the gradual impairment of physiological functions in the elderly, making them more susceptible to the toxicity of environmental pollutants. In this study, aged zebrafish were first transplanted with the feces from young donors and subsequently exposed to perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), an emerging persistent toxic pollutant. The interaction between young fecal transplant and PFBS inherent toxicity was investigated, focusing on reproductive performance and the underlying endocrine mechanism. The results showed that PFBS single exposure increased the percentage of primary oocytes in aged ovaries, implying a blockage of oogenesis. However, transplantation of young feces completely abolished the effects of PFBS and promoted oocyte growth, as inferred by the obviously lower percentage of primary oocytes, accompanied by a higher percentage of cortical-alveolar oocytes. Measurement of sex hormones found that PFBS significantly increased the blood concentration of estradiol and disrupted the balance of sex hormones in the elderly, which were, however, efficiently ameliorated by young fecal transplantation. Based on gene transcription along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, hierarchical clustering analysis showed similar profiles of the reproductive endocrine system between young zebrafish and their aged counterparts transplanted with young feces, implying that young fecal transplantation might refresh the endocrine system of aged recipients, regardless of PFBS exposure. The increased transcription levels of mRNAs encoding vitellogenin, activinBA, and membrane bound progestin receptors would cooperatively enhance the growth and maturation of oocytes in the ovaries of aged zebrafish receiving young fecal transplantation. Overall, the findings highlighted the potent efficacy of young fecal transplantation to improve the reproductive function of the elderly and to mitigate the endocrine disruption of an environmental pollutant. These findings are expected to broaden our understanding of the efficacy, mechanisms, and application of fecal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baili Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lizhu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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4
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Yang J, Chen Y, Luan H, Li J, Liu W. Persistent impairment of gonadal development in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after chronic exposure to chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 250:106256. [PMID: 35917675 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The delayed and persistent adverse effects caused by developmental exposure to per- and poly-fluorinated substances are of significant concern. Juvenile rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus), were exposed to chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (Cl-PFESA) at measured medium concentrations of 86.5 μg/L, 162 μg/L and 329 μg/L, for 4 weeks followed by 12 weeks of depuration. After 4 weeks of exposure, the body weight and length of the juvenile fish were increased compared to controls. Gene expression of gnrh3, lhβ, and cyp19a was decreased, and ar and erα were upregulated. Transcriptomic analysis revealed enrichment of multiple pathways related to gonadal development. After 12 weeks of depuration, the gonadosomatic indices were decreased in female fish in a concentration-dependent manner, with a significant decrease to 59% of control in 329 μg/L group. Histological analysis found increasing numbers of degenerating oocytes and perinucleolar oocytes, and decreasing numbers of mature vitellogenic oocytes in female fish treated by Cl-PFESA. Enlarged interstitial space of the testis was observed in the exposed male fish. Gene expression levels of gnrh3, lhβ, ar, erα, and vtg were upregulated in the adult fish. Chronic developmental exposure to Cl-PFESA caused persistent effects on gonadal development of fish, highlighting the necessity of a comprehensive ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yumeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haiyang Luan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Hu C, Liu M, Tang L, Liu H, Sun B, Chen L. Probiotic intervention mitigates the metabolic disturbances of perfluorobutanesulfonate along the gut-liver axis of zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131374. [PMID: 34217933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic supplementation is effective to modulate the metabolic disorders caused by perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To this end, the present study exposed adult zebrafish to PFBS (0 and 10 μg/L), probiotics, or their binary combinations for 40 days. After the exposure, the nutritional stores, intestinal organization, and metabolic activities along the gut-liver axis were investigated. The results showed that PFBS exposure decreased the nutrient reserves significantly, especially the lipid content, which was alleviated by the probiotic administration. Intestinal mucus secretion was promoted remarkably in the presence of the probiotic, which enhanced epithelial protection against PFBS damage. Metagenomic analysis showed that PFBS alone induced gut microbial dysbiosis, which was efficiently antagonized by the probiotic bacteria. Intestinal metabolomic profiling revealed that ferroptosis occurred because of the unrestricted lipid peroxidation following PFBS exposure. However, probiotic administration prevented the ferroptotic symptoms induced by PFBS, further highlighting the beneficial effects of the probiotic on the host. In PFBS-exposed livers, high levels of bile acid metabolites (e.g., taurochenodeoxycholic acid) accumulated, implying the induction of cholestasis. Notably, probiotic addition recovered the metabolomic homeostasis under PFBS stress, probably resulting from the activation of detoxification pathways based on the pentose and glucuronate interconversion. Overall, the present study provides systematic evidence of the antagonistic interaction between PFBS and the probiotic regarding the metabolic activities along the microbe, gut and liver axis, highlighting the application values of probiotic recipe in aquaculture industry and ecological reservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lizhu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Baili Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Yin HQ, Tan K, Jensen S, Teat SJ, Ullah S, Hei X, Velasco E, Oyekan K, Meyer N, Wang XY, Thonhauser T, Yin XB, Li J. A switchable sensor and scavenger: detection and removal of fluorinated chemical species by a luminescent metal-organic framework. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14189-14197. [PMID: 34760204 PMCID: PMC8565388 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04070g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorosis has been regarded as a worldwide disease that seriously diminishes the quality of life through skeletal embrittlement and hepatic damage. Effective detection and removal of fluorinated chemical species such as fluoride ions (F−) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from drinking water are of great importance for the sake of human health. Aiming to develop water-stable, highly selective and sensitive fluorine sensors, we have designed a new luminescent MOF In(tcpp) using a chromophore ligand 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrazine (H4tcpp). In(tcpp) exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity for turn-on detection of F− and turn-off detection of PFOA with a detection limit of 1.3 μg L−1 and 19 μg L−1, respectively. In(tcpp) also shows high recyclability and can be reused multiple times for F− detection. The mechanisms of interaction between In(tcpp) and the analytes are investigated by several experiments and DFT calculations. These studies reveal insightful information concerning the nature of F− and PFOA binding within the MOF structure. In addition, In(tcpp) also acts as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of F− (36.7 mg g−1) and PFOA (980.0 mg g−1). It is the first material that is not only capable of switchable sensing of F− and PFOA but also competent for removing the pollutants via different functional groups. A robust In-MOF, In(tcpp), demonstrates sensitive detection of the fluorinated chemical species F− and PFOA via distinctly different luminescence signal change, and effective adsorption and removal of both species from aqueous solution.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qing Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University 123 Bevier Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA .,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China .,Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology 391 Bin Shui Xi Dao Road Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Kui Tan
- Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 W. Campbell Road Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Stephanie Jensen
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University 1834 Wake Forest Road Winston-Salem NC 27109 USA
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Saif Ullah
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University 1834 Wake Forest Road Winston-Salem NC 27109 USA
| | - Xiuze Hei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University 123 Bevier Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Ever Velasco
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University 123 Bevier Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Kolade Oyekan
- Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 W. Campbell Road Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Noah Meyer
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University 1834 Wake Forest Road Winston-Salem NC 27109 USA
| | - Xin-Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Timo Thonhauser
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University 1834 Wake Forest Road Winston-Salem NC 27109 USA
| | - Xue-Bo Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University 123 Bevier Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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7
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Liu M, Tang L, Hu C, Sun B, Huang Z, Chen L. Interaction between probiotic additive and perfluorobutanesulfonate pollutant on offspring growth and health after parental exposure using zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 214:112107. [PMID: 33667734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) pollutant and probiotic bacteria can interact to affect the reproductive outcomes of zebrafish. However, it is still unexplored how the growth and health of offspring are modulated by the combination of PFBS and probiotic. In the present study, adult zebrafish were exposed to 0 and 10 μg/L PFBS for 40 days, with or without dietary supplementation of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. After parental exposure, the development, growth and viability of offspring larvae were examined, with the integration of molecular clues across proteome fingerprint, growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis, calcium homeostasis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and nutrient metabolism. Parental probiotic supplementation significantly increased the body weight and body length of offspring larvae. Despite the spiking of PFBS, larvae from the combined exposure group still had longer body length. RNA processing and ribosomal assembly pathways may underlie the enhancement of offspring growth by probiotic bacteria. However, the presence of PFBS remarkably increased the concentrations of cortisol hormone in offspring larvae as means to cope with the xenobiotic stress, which required more energy production. As evidenced by the proteomic analysis, the addition of probiotic bacteria likely alleviated the energy metabolism disorders of PFBS, thus allocating more energy for the larval offspring growth from the combined group. It was noteworthy that multiple molecular disturbances caused by PFBS were antagonized by probiotic additive. Overall, the present study elucidated the intergenerational interaction between PFBS and probiotic on offspring growth and health after parental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lizhu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Baili Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zileng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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8
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Liu Y, Robey NM, Bowden JA, Tolaymat TM, da Silva BF, Solo-Gabriele HM, Townsend TG. From Waste Collection Vehicles to Landfills: Indication of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Transformation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2021; 8:66-72. [PMID: 37850075 PMCID: PMC10581401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste contain diverse and significant amounts of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and these compounds may transform throughout the "landfilling" process from transport through landfill degradation. Fresh vehicle leachates, from commercial and residential waste collection vehicles at a transfer station, were measured for 51 PFAS. Results were compared to PFAS levels obtained from aged landfill leachate at the disposal facility. The landfill leachate was dominated by perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs, including perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs); 86% of the total PFAS, by median mass concentration), while the majority of PFAS present in commercial and residential waste vehicle leachate were PFAA-precursors (70% and 56% of the total PFAS, by median mass concentration, respectively), suggesting precursor transformation to PFAAs during the course of landfill disposal. In addition, several PFAS, which are not routinely monitored-perfluoropropane sulfonic acid (PFPrS), 8-chloro-perfluoro-1-octane sulfonic acid (8Cl-PFOS), chlorinated polyfluoroether sulfonic acids (6:2, 8:2 Cl-PFESAs), sodium dodecafluoro-3H-4,8-dioxanonanoate (NaDONA), and perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexanesulfonate (PFECHS)-were detected. Potential degradation pathways were proposed based on published studies: transformation of polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diester (diPAPs) and fluorotelomer sulfonic acids (FTS) to form PFCAs via formation of intermediate products such as fluorotelomer carboxylic acids (FTCAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Nicole M Robey
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology & Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Thabet M Tolaymat
- National Risk Management Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Bianca F da Silva
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology & Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Helena M Solo-Gabriele
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Timothy G Townsend
- Department of Environmental, Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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9
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Hu C, Tang L, Liu M, Lam PKS, Lam JCW, Chen L. Probiotic modulation of perfluorobutanesulfonate toxicity in zebrafish: Disturbances in retinoid metabolism and visual physiology. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127409. [PMID: 32569959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), an aquatic pollutant of emerging concern, is found to disturb gut microbiota, retinoid metabolism and visual signaling in teleosts, while probiotic supplementation can shape gut microbial community to improve retinoid absorption. However, it remains unknown whether probiotic bacteria can modulate the toxicities of PFBS on retinoid metabolism and visual physiology. In the present study, adult zebrafish were exposed for 28 days to 0, 10 and 100 μg/L PFBS, with or without dietary administration of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Interaction between PFBS and probiotic was examined regarding retinoid dynamics (intestine, liver and eye) and visual stimuli transmission. PFBS single exposures remarkably inhibited the absorption of retinyl ester in female intestines, which were, however, restored by probiotic to normal status. Although coexposure scenarios markedly increased the hepatic storage of retinyl ester in females, mobilization of retinol was reduced in livers by single or combined exposures regardless of sex. In the eyes, transport and catalytic conversion of retinol to retinal and retinoic acid were interrupted by PFBS alone, which were efficiently antagonized by probiotic presumably through an indirect action. In response to the availability of retinal chromophore, transcriptions of opsins and arrestin genes were altered adaptively to control visual perception and termination. Neurotransmission across retina circuitry was changed accordingly, centering on epinephrine and norepinephrine. In summary, the present study found the efficient modulation of probiotic on retinoid metabolic disorders of PFBS pollution, which subsequently impacted visual signaling. A future work is warranted to provide mechanistic clues in retinoid interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lizhu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - James C W Lam
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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10
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Wang Y, Yao J, Dai J, Ma L, Liu D, Xu H, Cui Q, Ma J, Zhang H. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in blood of captive Siberian tigers in China: Occurrence and associations with biochemical parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114805. [PMID: 32480004 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been ubiquitously detected in the environment and marine animals. However, little is known about these substances and their associations with health parameters in wild terrestrial mammals. In this study, we determined PFAS levels and distribution in the blood of captive Siberian tigers in Harbin, China, and evaluated potential exposure pathways by daily intake. In addition, for the first time, we explored the associations between serum PFAS concentrations and clinical parameters. Results showed that perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was the dominant PFAS compound in blood (accounting for 64%), followed by perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS). In addition, 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) concentrations were also detected in blood and dietary food. Furthermore, significant positive age relationships were observed for levels of perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA), PFOA, PFOS, and 6:2 Cl-PFESA in the blood of female tigers. Results showed that PFOA and PFOS in dietary food accounted for over 70% of total daily intake of PFASs, indicating that meat consumption is a predominant exposure pathway in tigers. We also found positive associations between higher exposure to PFASs (including PFOA, PFOS, and 6:2 Cl-PFESA) and elevated serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), a marker of liver damage. Thus, comprehensive health assessments of PFAS burdens in wildlife are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Jingzhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Liying Ma
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Siberian Tiger Park, Harbin, 150028, PR China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Siberian Tiger Park, Harbin, 150028, PR China
| | - Qianqian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Jianzhang Ma
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China.
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11
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Liu M, Song S, Hu C, Tang L, Lam JCW, Lam PKS, Chen L. Dietary administration of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus modulates the neurological toxicities of perfluorobutanesulfonate in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114832. [PMID: 32454362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), an aquatic pollutant of emerging concern, is found to disturb the neural signaling along gut-brain axis, whereas probiotic additives have been applied to improve neuroendocrine function of teleosts. Both PFBS and probiotics can commonly target nervous system. However, whether and how probiotic bacteria can modulate the neurotoxicities of PFBS remain not explored. It is thus necessary to elucidate the probiotic modulation of PFBS neurotoxicity, which can provide implications to the application of probiotic bacteria in aquaculture industry. In the present study, adult zebrafish were exposed to 0, 10 and 100 μg/L PFBS with or without dietary administration of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Interaction between PFBS and probiotic along gut-brain axis was examined, covering three dominant pathways (i.e., neurotransmission, immune response and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis). The results showed that, compared to the single effects, PFBS and probiotic coexposure significantly altered the acetylcholinesterase activity and neurotransmitter profiles in gut and brain of zebrafish, with mild effects on neuronal integrity. Neurotransmitters closely correlated reciprocally in intestines, which, however, was distinct from the correlation profile in brains. In addition, PFBS and probiotic were combined to impact brain health through absorption of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and production of inflammatory cytokines. Relative to neurotransmission and immune signaling, HPA axis was not involved in the neurotoxicological interaction between PFBS and probiotic. Furthermore, it needs to point out that interactive modes between PFBS and probiotic varied a lot, depending on exposure concentrations, sex and toxic indices. Overall, the present study provided the first evidence that probiotic supplement could dynamically modulate the neurotoxicities of PFBS in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shiwen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lizhu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - James C W Lam
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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12
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Tang L, Song S, Hu C, Liu M, Lam PKS, Zhou B, Lam JCW, Chen L. Parental exposure to perfluorobutane sulfonate disturbs the transfer of maternal transcripts and offspring embryonic development in zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 256:127169. [PMID: 32464364 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Parental exposure to perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), an aquatic pollutant of emerging concern, is previously found to impair the embryonic development of offspring. However, the impairing mechanisms remain to clarify. In the present study, adult zebrafish were exposed to 0, 10 and 100 μg/L PFBS for 28 d, after which disturbances in maternal transcript transfer and offspring embryogenesis were investigated. Prior to zygotic genome activation, high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing revealed that parental PFBS exposure significantly altered the transcript profile of maternal origin in offspring eggs, while toxic actions varied as a function of PFBS concentrations. In offspring eggs derived from 10 μg/L exposure group, differential transcripts were mainly associated with the histone-DNA interaction of nucleosome, which would modify the compacted chromatin configuration and accessibility of transcriptional factors to DNA sequences. In this regard, the timing of zygotic genome activation was presumably disrupted. Parental exposure to 100 μg/L PFBS primarily interrupted the maternal transfer of adherens junction transcripts, which was supposed to dysregulate the cell-cell adhesion during early embryo formation. Development and growth of offspring embryos were significantly compromised by parental PFBS exposure, as exemplified by higher mortality, delayed hatching, slower heart rate, reduced body weight and neurobehavioral disorders. Overall, the present study presented the first toxicological evidence about the disturbances of PFBS in maternal transcript transfer, although the inherent linkage between maternal transcript modifications and offspring development defects still needs future works to construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shiwen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - James C W Lam
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Chen L, Lam JCW, Tang L, Hu C, Liu M, Lam PKS, Zhou B. Probiotic Modulation of Lipid Metabolism Disorders Caused by Perfluorobutanesulfonate Pollution in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7494-7503. [PMID: 32459962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether and how probiotic supplement can alter gut microbiota dysbiosis and lipid metabolism disorders caused by perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), the present study exposed adult zebrafish to 0, 10, and 100 μg/L PFBS for 28 days, with or without dietary administration of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Regarding intestinal health and gut microbiota, probiotic supplement altered the innate toxicities of PFBS, depending on exposure concentration and the sex of the fish. Lactobacillus genus correlated positively (P < 0.001; r > 0.5) with other beneficial bacteria in the gut microbiota, thereby indirectly regulating host metabolic activities. In female fish, the PFBS and probiotic combination enhanced fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation, but mitigated the accumulation of cholesterol in the blood compared with PFBS single exposure, highlighting the benefits of the probiotic to host health. In male zebrafish, probiotic administration antagonized the PFBS-induced disturbances of bile acid metabolism, presumably via farnesoid X receptor signaling. However, coexposure to PFBS and probiotic caused significant accumulation of triglyceride in male livers (2.6-fold relative to the control), implying the induction of hepatic steatosis. Overall, the present study underlined the potential of probiotics to modulate gut microbial dysbiosis and lipid metabolism disorders caused by PFBS exposure, which could provide implications to the application of probiotics in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - James C W Lam
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Lizhu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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Tang L, Song S, Hu C, Lam JCW, Liu M, Zhou B, Lam PKS, Chen L. Unexpected Observations: Probiotic Administration Greatly Aggravates the Reproductive Toxicity of Perfluorobutanesulfonate in Zebrafish. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1605-1608. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiwen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - James C. W. Lam
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Paul K. S. Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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15
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Chen L, Tsui MMP, Hu C, Wan T, Au DWT, Lam JCW, Lam PKS, Zhou B. Parental Exposure to Perfluorobutanesulfonate Impairs Offspring Development through Inheritance of Paternal Methylome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12018-12025. [PMID: 31539238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), an environmental pollutant of emerging concern, significantly impairs offspring development and overall health after parental exposure. However, the true inducer of offspring developmental defects among the complexity of parental influences remains unknown. In the present study, marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) were exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of PFBS (0, 1, 3, and 10 μg/L) for an entire life cycle. By mixing and mating control and exposed medaka (male or female), a crossbreeding strategy was employed to produce offspring eggs from various crossbreeds, with the aim of differentiating the maternal and paternal influences. Measurements of swimming performance in larval offspring showed that larvae of exposed male parents swam hyperactively in comparison to the control larvae. Contrasting trends in PFBS transfer and maternal factor transfer (e.g., proteins and lipids) to that of swimming behavior eliminated these two factors as major inducers of offspring developmental impairment. Inheritance of the exposed paternal methylome marks in offspring may be partially responsible for abnormal swimming behavior, although different toxic mechanisms may be involved depending on the exposure concentration. Overall, these findings suggest that inheritance of epigenetic modifications implicates a long-lasting threat of PFBS to the fitness and sustainability of fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology , Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mirabelle M P Tsui
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Wan
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
| | - Doris W T Au
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
| | - James C W Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies , The Education University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology , Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
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16
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Chen L, Lam JCW, Hu C, Tsui MMP, Lam PKS, Zhou B. Perfluorobutanesulfonate Exposure Skews Sex Ratio in Fish and Transgenerationally Impairs Reproduction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8389-8397. [PMID: 31269390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) is increasingly polluting aquatic environments due to worldwide manufacturing and application. However, toxicological knowledge regarding PFBS exposure remains scarce. Here, we showed that PFBS life-cycle exposure at environmentally realistic concentrations (0, 1.0, 2.9, and 9.5 μg/L) skewed the sex ratio in fish toward male dominance, while reproductive functions of female fish were greatly impaired, as characterized by extremely small ovaries, blocked oocyte development, and decreased egg production. Endocrine disruption through the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis was induced by PFBS exposure, showing antiestrogenic activity in females but estrogenic activity in males. PFBS was found to gradually accumulate in F0 adults during continuous exposure but can be rapidly eliminated when depurated in clean water. Parental exposure also transferred PFBS pollutant to F1 offspring eggs. Although no trace of PFBS was detected in F1 adults and F2 eggs, adverse effects from parental exposure persisted in F1 and F2 offspring. These transgenerational effects implicate PFBS as an ongoing threat to the fitness and sustainability of fish populations. The dramatic impairment of fish reproduction highlights the urgency of re-evaluations of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of PFBS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - James C W Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies , The Education University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Mirabelle M P Tsui
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430072 , China
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17
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Cui Q, Shi F, Pan Y, Zhang H, Dai J. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the blood of two colobine monkey species from China: Occurrence and exposure pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 674:524-531. [PMID: 31022542 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), which are widely used in industrial and commercial products, have been identified as global and ubiquitous pollutants. Despite this, limited data are available regarding the impacts of PFAS exposure and intake in non-human primates. Here, we report for the first time on the occurrence of PFASs in the blood and dietary sources of two rare and endangered primate species, namely, the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) and Francois' leaf monkey (Trachypithecus francoisi). Results showed that perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) were dominant and found at the highest proportions in the blood of both species at the four study sites. The ∑PFAS levels in blood samples from captive golden snub-nosed monkeys in Tongling Zoo (mean: 2.51 ng/mL) and Shanghai Wild Zoo (3.52 ng/mL) near urbanized areas were one order of magnitude higher than the levels in wild monkeys from Shennongjia Nature Reserve (0.27 ng/mL). Furthermore, significant age positive relationships for perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonates (6:2 Cl-PFESA) were observed in both golden snub-nosed monkeys at Shanghai Wild Zoo and Francois' leaf monkeys at Wuzhou Breeding Center. In addition, PFAS levels in frequently consumed food and drinking water were analyzed for Francois' leaf monkeys. Results showed that tree leaves accounted for the highest percentage of total daily intake of PFASs, especially PFOA, thus highlighting tree leaf consumption as a primary PFAS exposure route for this species. Overall, however, dietary exposure to PFASs was of relatively low risk to Francois' leaf monkey health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fanglei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yitao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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18
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Pan CG, Yu KF, Wang YH, Zhang W, Zhang J, Guo J. Perfluoroalkyl substances in the riverine and coastal water of the Beibu Gulf, South China: Spatiotemporal distribution and source identification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:297-305. [PMID: 30640098 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) contamination in less-developed coastal regions. In the present study, we collected 19 riverine and 21 coastal surface water samples in the summer and winter of 2017 to investigate PFASs contamination in the Beibu Gulf, South China. The results show that eleven and twelve target PFASs were detected in the summer and winter, respectively. The total PFASs (ΣPFASs) concentrations in the water of the Beibu Gulf were in the range of 1609-4727 pg/L and 610-4920 pg/L in summer and winter, respectively. Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) were the predominantly detected PFASs in both seasons with maximum concentrations of 2968 pg/L, 1771 pg/L, and 1764 pg/L, respectively. Strong positive correlations between some PFASs were observed (e.g., PFBA and PFBS, PFOS and PFBS, p < 0.05), suggesting these correlated pollutants may share similar sources. PFASs contamination in the Beibu Gulf was strongly affected by ocean currents, and their concentrations were lower than most coastal waters around the world. Risk assessment indicates a low risk associated with target PFASs to aquatic organisms in the Beibu Gulf. The results of the present research provided a baseline and good overview of the spatial distribution of PFASs along the Beibu Gulf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gui Pan
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ke-Fu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Ying-Hui Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Chen L, Tsui MMP, Lam JCW, Hu C, Wang Q, Zhou B, Lam PKS. Variation in microbial community structure in surface seawater from Pearl River Delta: Discerning the influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:136-144. [PMID: 30639711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) is ubiquitously detected in various environments. However, their potential effects on microbial communities remain largely unknown. In this study, surface seawater of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) is sampled to measure PFAA concentrations and profile the structure of free-living microbial community. Total PFAAs concentrations range from 131 to 1563 pg L-1 in surface seawater. PFOS (16-470 pg L-1), PFOA (27-272 pg L-1), PFHpA (18-201 pg L-1) and PFBA (25-152 pg L-1) are the major homologues, indicating continued industrial application or release of PFOS and a gradual shift towards using shorter-chain PFAAs. Concentrations of PFAAs from this recent cruise are much lower than previous reports, which may be due to the effective management of PFAA usage around PRD region. In addition, the microbial community in PRD surface seawater is predominantly colonized by the Proteobacteria phylum (27.2 to 61.5%) and the Synechococcus genus (5.6 to 38.6%). The structure of the microbial communities varies among stations, mainly resulting from different abundances of Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus and Nitrosopumilus. Geochemical parameters (e.g., nutrients and salinity) and phytoplankton are significantly associated with the microbial community dynamics in surface seawater. In the interactive network of microbiota, a subset of bacteria (i.e., Fluviicola, Nitrosopumilus, Limnohabitans, Sediminibacterium, C39 and Polynucleobacter) shows significantly positive correlations with PFAAs (R > 0.6; P < 0.001). Overall, this study gives a timely monitoring of PFAA pollution around PRD area. Shift in environmental microbiota by geochemical factors and phytoplankton is also observed, which may affect biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Mirabelle M P Tsui
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - James C W Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Core-shell quantum dots coated with molecularly imprinted polymer for selective photoluminescence sensing of perfluorooctanoic acid. Talanta 2019; 194:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Chen L, Tsui MMP, Lam JCW, Wang Q, Hu C, Wai OWH, Zhou B, Lam PKS. Contamination by perfluoroalkyl substances and microbial community structure in Pearl River Delta sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:218-225. [PMID: 30423536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental microbiota play essential roles in the maintenance of many biogeochemical processes, including nutrient cycling and pollutant degradation. They are also highly susceptible to changes in environmental stressors, with environmental pollutants being key disruptors of microbial dynamics. In the present study, a scientific cruise was launched on July 2017 around Pearl River Delta, a suitable studying site for perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the wake of the severe PFAS pollution. Surface sediment samples were collected from 18 representative stations to assess PFAS accumulation and profile microbial community. PFAS concentrations ranged from 24.2 to 181.4 pg/g dry weight in sediment, and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was the dominant homologue. The concentrations of PFAS homologues in the current study were much lower than those reported in previous studies, implying effective management and control of pollution from PFAS-related industries. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum, while nitrogen-metabolizing Nitrosopumilus and sulfate-reducing Desulfococcus genera were the most abundant. Variations in microbial communities among sampling stations were mainly due to the differences in abundances of Escherichia, Nitrosopumilus, and Desulfococcus. The outbreak of Escherichia bacteria at specific coastal stations potentially indicated the discharge of fecal matter into the marine environment. Dissolved oxygen (DO) in bottom seawater significantly influenced the structure of microbial communities in the sediment, while current study failed to observe significant effects from PFAS pollutants. Positive correlations were found between DO and sulfate-reducing bacteria in Desulfococcus and GOUTA19 genera. Overall, this study explored relationships between environmental variables (e.g., PFAS pollutants) and sediment bacteria. Biogeochemical parameters significantly influenced the structure and composition of microbial communities in sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Mirabelle M P Tsui
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - James C W Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Onyx W H Wai
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles molecularly imprinted polymer for efficient separation and enrichment of perfluorooctane sulfonate. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4363-4369. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chen L, Hu C, Tsui MMP, Wan T, Peterson DR, Shi Q, Lam PKS, Au DWT, Lam JCW, Zhou B. Multigenerational Disruption of the Thyroid Endocrine System in Marine Medaka after a Life-Cycle Exposure to Perfluorobutanesulfonate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:4432-4439. [PMID: 29565584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) is frequently detected in biota, raising concerns about its ecological safety. However, hazardous effects of PFBS remain largely unexplored, especially for endocrine disrupting potency. In the present study, the multigenerational endocrine disrupting potential of PFBS was investigated by exposing F0 marine medaka eggs to PFBS at different concentrations (0, 1.0, 2.9, and 9.5 μg/L) until sexual maturity. The F1 and F2 generations were reared without continued exposure. Thyroidal disturbances were examined in all three generations. PFBS exposure decreased the levels of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) in F0 female blood; however, it increased T3 or thyroxine (T4) levels in F0 brains, in which hyperthyroidism suppressed the local transcription of 5'-deiodinase 2 ( Dio2). Obviously decreased T3 was transferred to F1 eggs, although the parental influences were reversed in F1 larvae. Delayed hatching was coupled with elevated T3 levels in F1 larvae. F1 adults showed comparable symptoms of thyroidal disruption with F0 adults. A slight recovery was noted in the F2 generation, although F2 larvae still exhibited thyroid disruption and synthesized excessive T4. Our results suggested that the offspring suffered more severe dysfunction of the thyroidal axis albeit without direct exposure. This study provided the first molecular insight about PFBS toxicology on the thyroid, beneficial to both human and environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology , Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | | | | | | | - Qipeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology , Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | | | | | - James C W Lam
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies , The Education University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology , Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430072 , China
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Pan CG, Yu KF, Wang YH, Zhang RJ, Huang XY, Wei CS, Wang WQ, Zeng WB, Qin ZJ. Species-specific profiles and risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances in coral reef fishes from the South China Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:450-457. [PMID: 29054085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The contamination profiles of sixteen perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were examined in coral reef fish samples collected from the South China Sea (SCS) where no information about this topic was available in the literature. The results revealed that six PFAS were found in coral reef fish samples from the SCS. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the most predominant PFAS contaminant detected in most of the samples, with the highest concentration value of 27.05 ng/g wet weight (ww) observed in Cephalopholis urodelus. Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) and Perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) were the second and third dominant PFAS, respectively. Mean PFOS concentrations in muscle of seven coral reef fish varied from 0.29 ng/g ww in Lethrinus olivaceus to 10.78 ng/g ww in Cephalopholis urodelus. No significant linear relationship was observed between PFOS levels and coral reef fish traits (length, weight) collected in this region. Average daily intake of PFOS for the seven coral reef fishes ranged from 0.79 ng/kg/d for Lethrinus olivaceus to 29.53 ng/kg/d for Cephalopholis urodelus. The hazard ratio (HR) values for human consumption of PFOS-contaminated coral reef fishes ranged from 0.04 to 1.48, with Cephalopholis urodelus having the highest HR value of 1.18 (higher than 1) among the species, indicating frequent consumption of Cephalopholis urodelus might pose potential health risk to local population. The present work have provided the first hand data of PFAS in coral reef fishes in the SCS and indirectly demonstrated the existence of low level PFAS pollution in the SCS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gui Pan
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ke-Fu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Ying-Hui Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Rui-Jie Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xue-Yong Huang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chao-Shuai Wei
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wei-Quan Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wei-Bin Zeng
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhen-Jun Qin
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Ge H, Yamazaki E, Yamashita N, Taniyasu S, Ogata A, Furuuchi M. Particle size specific distribution of perfluoro alkyl substances in atmospheric particulate matter in Asian cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:549-560. [PMID: 28276550 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00564k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal and local characteristics of perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs) were examined using size-segregated particles including an ultrafine range. The examination included sampling and analysis of ambient particles collected at four sites located in different environments in three different countries, Japan (Kanazawa and Okinawa), Hong Kong and India. To minimize the evaporation artefacts derived from PFASs during the sampling, an air sampler that permitted particles smaller than 0.1 μm (PM0.1) to be separated at a moderate pressure drop (<5-15 kPa), was used for all of the air sampling procedures. In the case of Kanazawa, a local city in Japan, the concentration of PFASs was found to be dominated by carboxylates, especially PFOA, PFNA and PFDA regardless of the particle size and sampling period. Ultrafine particles were found to be the largest contributor to the mass fraction of PFCAs, while the maximum PFOS mass fractions were determined to be in the coarse-sized fractions. The seasonal difference in the total PFAS concentration can be largely attributed to precipitation. The results were basically similar for all sites that were examined. The type of land use may be a more influencing factor on the mass fraction of the PFASs than the country of origin. The dependency of PFAS mass fraction on the specific surface of the particle suggests that ultrafine PFAS particles are segregated, not only by gas deposition but could also be segregated by a mechanism involving compositional dependence or the primary source of the particles. Other possible sources of PFASs, other than from traffic are also possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ge
- School of Environmental Design, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Yeung LWY, Taniyasu S, Yamazaki E, Wang R, Lam PKS, Yamashita N, Dai J. Age- and gender-related accumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in captive Chinese alligators (Alligator sinensis). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 179:61-7. [PMID: 23660395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were measured in serum of the highly endangered captive Chinese alligators, whole body homogenates of six kinds of fish (alligator prey species), and pond water (alligator habitat) in the Anhui Research Center for Chinese Alligator Reproduction. Six PFASs, including PFOS and five perfluorinated carboxylates, were detected in all alligator samples. The most dominant PFAS was PFUnDA, with a mean value of 31.4 ng/mL. Significant positive correlations were observed among the six PFASs, suggesting that they shared similar sources of contamination. Significantly higher PFOS and PFUnDA levels were observed in males, but the other four PFCAs did not differ between genders. An age related PFAS bioaccumulation analysis showed a significant negative correlation of the concentrations for five PFCAs to age, which means that higher concentrations were found in younger animals. Bioaccumulation factors (BAF) in fish for PFASs ranged from 21 to 28,000, with lower BAF for PFOA than that for longer carbon chain PFCAs, including PFUnDA, PFDA, and PFNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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27
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Taniyasu S, Senthilkumar K, Yamazaki E, Yeung LWY, Guruge KS, Kannan K, Yamashita N. Perfluoroalkyl substances in the blood of wild rats and mice from 47 prefectures in Japan: use of samples from nationwide specimen bank. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 65:149-170. [PMID: 23494483 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported on the global distribution, persistence, fate, and toxicity of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). However, studies on PFASs in terrestrial mammals are scarce. Rats can be good sentinels of human exposure to toxicants because of their habitat, which is in close proximity to humans. Furthermore, exposure data measured for rats can be directly applied for risk assessment because many toxicological studies use rodent models. In this study, a nationwide survey of PFASs in the blood of wild rats as well as surface water samples collected from rats' habitats from 47 prefectures in Japan was conducted. In addition to known PFASs, combustion ion chromatography technique was used for analysis of total fluorine concentrations in the blood of rats. In total, 216 blood samples representing three species of wild rats (house rat, Norway rats, and field mice) were analyzed for 23 PFASs. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; concentration range <0.05-148 ng/mL), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA; <0.1-157), perfluorododecanoate (<0.05-5.8), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA; <0.05-51), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA; <0.05-9.7), perfluorononanoate (PFNA; <0.05-249), and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) (<0.05-60) were detected >80 % of the blood samples. Concentrations of several PFASs in rat blood were similar to those reported for humans. PFSAs (mainly PFOS) accounted for 45 % of total PFASs, whereas perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), especially PFUnDA and PFNA, accounted for 20 and 10 % of total PFASs, respectively. In water samples, PFCAs were the predominant compounds with PFOA and PFNA found in >90 % of the samples. There were strong correlations (p < 0.001 to p < 0.05) between human population density and levels of PFOS, PFNA, PFOA, and PFOSA in wild rat blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Taniyasu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
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28
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Taniyasu S, Yeung LWY, Lam PKS, Wang J, Li X, Yamashita N, Dai J. Distribution and fate of perfluoroalkyl substances in municipal wastewater treatment plants in economically developed areas of China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 176:10-7. [PMID: 23410673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a significant source for poly-/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) entering the environment. The presence of PFASs in twenty-eight municipal WWTPs from eleven cites in economically developed areas of China were screened. Overall, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were dominant in wastewater and sludge, and were not effectively removed during wastewater treatment. Elevated influent concentration ratios of perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) to PFOA and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) to PFOS in some WWTPs suggested that short chains substitution were adopted in these cities. Cluster analysis showed treatment processes had important impacts on PFASs profiles in effluent and sludge. Average concentration of total PFCAs in influent from each city and its gross domestic product (GDP) had significant positive correlation. This study provides a snapshot of both domestic and industrial discharges of PFAS to WWTPs as well as PFAS discharge from WWTPs to the aquatic environment in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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29
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Zhao YG, Wong CKC, Wong MH. Environmental contamination, human exposure and body loadings of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), focusing on Asian countries. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 89:355-368. [PMID: 22794940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are man-made fluorinated hydrocarbons, which are very persistent in the environment. Since the early 1980s, the usage of PFCs has sharply increased for a wide array of industrial and commercial applications. Being the most important PFC, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has received much attention. In the past decades, increasing surveys have been focused on this compound, to study its sources, fates and effects in the environment. According to the large production volume and wide usage in industrial and commercial products in the past, PFOS can be detected in various environmental media and matrix, even in human tissues. This article attempted to review the current status of PFOS contaminations in Asia, focusing on water systems, sediments, wide animals and human tissues. A special section is devoted to examine the pathways of human exposure to this compound, as well as human body loadings of PFOS and their possible association with diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Zhao
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China
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Liu Q, Shi J, Wang T, Guo F, Liu L, Jiang G. Hemimicelles/admicelles supported on magnetic graphene sheets for enhanced magnetic solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1257:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cai M, Zhao Z, Yang H, Yin Z, Hong Q, Sturm R, Ebinghaus R, Ahrens L, Cai M, He J, Xie Z. Spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in coastal waters from the East to South China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 161:162-169. [PMID: 22230081 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) were investigated in coastal waters collected onboard research vessel Snow Dragon from the East to South China Sea in 2010. All samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(-)ESI-MS/MS). Concentrations of 9 PFCs, including C(4) and C(8) (PFBS, PFOS) perfluoroalkyl sulfonate (PFSAs), C(5)-C(9) and C(13) (PFPA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFTriDA) perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (EtFOSA) were quantified. The ΣPFC concentrations ranged from 133 pg/L to 3320 pg/L, with PFOA (37.5-1541 pg/L), PFBS (23.0-941 pg/L) and PFHpA (0-422 pg/L) as dominant compounds. Concentrations of PFCs were greater in coastal waters along Shanghai, Ningbo, Taizhou, Xiamen and along coastal cities of the Guangdong province compared to less populated areas along the east Chinese coast. Additionally, the comparison with other seawater PFC measurements showed lower levels in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Cai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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32
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Modifying the surface of Fe3O4/SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles with C18/NH2 mixed group to get an efficient sorbent for anionic organic pollutants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 362:107-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds in the general population in Shenzhen, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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34
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Zheng XM, Liu HL, Shi W, Wei S, Giesy JP, Yu HX. Effects of perfluorinated compounds on development of zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 19:2498-505. [PMID: 22828880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been widely used in industrial and consumer products and frequently detected in many environmental media. Potential reproductive effects of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) have been reported in mice, rats and water birds. PFOS and PFOA were also confirmed developing toxicants towards zebrafish embryos; however, the reported effect concentrations were contradictory. Polyfluorinated alkylated phosphate ester surfactants (including FC807) are precursor of PFOS and PFOA; however, there is no published information about the effects of FC807 and PFNA on zebrafish embryos. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of these four PFCs on zebrafish embryos. Normal fertilized zebrafish embryos were selected to be exposed to several concentrations of PFOA, PFNA, PFOS or FC807 in 24-well cell culture plates. A digital camera was used to image morphological anomalies of embryos with a stereomicroscope. Embryos were observed through matching up to 96-h post-fertilization (hpf) and rates of survival and abnormalities recorded. PFCs caused lethality in a concentration-dependent manner with potential toxicity in the order of PFOS > FC807 > PFNA > PFOA based on 72-h LC(50). Forty-eight-hour post-fertilization pericardial edema and 72- or 96-hpf spine crooked malformation were all observed. PFOA, PFNA, PFOS and FC807 all caused structural abnormalities using early stages of development of zebrafish. The PFCs all retarded the development of zebrafish embryos. The toxicity of the PFCs was related to the length of the PFC chain and functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Mei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China
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35
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Evaluation of perfluorinated compounds in seven wastewater treatment plants in Beijing urban areas. Sci China Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-4093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Bao J, Liu W, Liu L, Jin Y, Ran X, Zhang Z. Perfluorinated compounds in urban river sediments from Guangzhou and Shanghai of China. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:123-130. [PMID: 20430414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been determined in various matrices within China including water bodies, precipitations, biota and non-occupationally PFCs-exposed populations in recent years, yet little attention has been focused on the distributions of PFCs in urban river sediments from Chinese major metropolises such as Guangzhou and Shanghai so far. In this study, sediment samples of 0-2 cm were collected from 13 sites in the Zhujiang River across Guangzhou and nine sites in the Huangpu River across Shanghai. PFCs analysis on these sediments via high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) system was implemented targeting eight analytes involving perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) and perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA). According to the analytical results, total concentrations of PFCs ([summation operator]PFCs) in sediments from the Zhujiang River were between 0.09 and 3.6 ng/g dry weight (dw), with PFOS being the dominant PFC contaminant in the river ranged from below LOD to 3.1 ng/g dw; while [summation operator]PFCs in sediments from the Huangpu River were between 0.25 and 1.1 ng/g dw, with PFOA being the main PFC contaminant in the river determined in the levels of 0.20-0.64 ng/g dw. Additionally, an overall decreasing trend of PFCs contaminations with depth was observed in both of two 60 cm sediment cores from the Zhujiang River and the Huangpu River each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Bao
- School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
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Zhang X, Niu H, Pan Y, Shi Y, Cai Y. Chitosan-Coated Octadecyl-Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles: Preparation and Application in Extraction of Trace Pollutants from Environmental Water Samples. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2363-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902589t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, and College of Chemical Engineering and Biological Technology, Hebei Polytechnic University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Hongyun Niu
- The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, and College of Chemical Engineering and Biological Technology, Hebei Polytechnic University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, and College of Chemical Engineering and Biological Technology, Hebei Polytechnic University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Yali Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, and College of Chemical Engineering and Biological Technology, Hebei Polytechnic University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, and College of Chemical Engineering and Biological Technology, Hebei Polytechnic University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
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Bao J, Jin Y, Liu W, Ran X, Zhang Z. Perfluorinated compounds in sediments from the Daliao River system of northeast China. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:652-657. [PMID: 19735931 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have received much attention on their distributions in various matrixes of different areas globally, however, little is known about their existences in river sediments of China. In this study, eight target PFCs including perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) and perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA) were determined based upon the upper 10cm surface sediment samples collected from eleven sites covering three main streams of the Daliao River system in northeast China, which received huge amount of industrial and domestic wastewater annually from the neighbouring areas. Analytical results indicated that total concentrations of PFCs were determined in the range of 0.29-1.03ngg(-1) dry weight in sediments from this river system. As the dominant PFCs contaminants in sediment samples, concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were ranged between <LOQ and 0.37ngg(-1) dry weight and from <LOQ to 0.17ngg(-1) dry weight, respectively, while those of the other six target analytes relating to PFBS, PFHxS, PFNA, PFDA, PFDoA and PFTA were below their LOQs at most of the sampling sites. Additional analyses on vertical variations of total PFCs concentrations in sectioned sediment core samples from three main streams of this river system presented overall decreasing trends of PFCs contaminations with depth in the top 10cm surface sediments of these rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Bao
- School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
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Vestergren R, Cousins IT. Tracking the pathways of human exposure to perfluorocarboxylates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:5565-75. [PMID: 19731646 DOI: 10.1021/es900228k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent analyses of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in human blood sera show that the background-exposed population in industrialized countries worldwide exhibits a narrow concentration range; arithmetic means of published studies range between 2 and 8 microg/L PFOA, with the exception of a few outlier studies. The globally comparable human serum concentrations of PFOA and characteristic dominance of PFOA with respect to other perfluorocarboxylate (PFCA) homologues indicate that exposure pathways of humans differ from those of wildlife, where perfluorononanoate (PFNA) is often the dominant homologue. The observed correlations between perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and PFOA in human serum together with a simultaneous downward time trend of these compounds in human blood sera and blood spots from the year 2000 onward indicate a connection between historical perfluorooctanesulfonyl (POSF) production (phased out by the major manufacturer in 2000-2002) and exposure to both PFOS and PFOA. A comparison of estimated daily intakes to humans based on samples from exposure media (collected post 2000) indicates that food intake is the major contemporary exposure pathway for the background population, whereas drinking water exposure is dominant for populations near sources of contaminated drinking water. A one-compartment pharmacokinetic model used to back-calculate daily intakes from serum levels is shown to provide agreement within a factor of 1.5-5.5 of the daily intakes derived from exposure media, which provides further supporting evidence that dietary exposure is a major ongoing exposure pathway of PFOA to the background population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Vestergren
- Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8c, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Yeung LWY, Taniyasu S, Kannan K, Xu DZY, Guruge KS, Lam PKS, Yamashita N. An analytical method for the determination of perfluorinated compounds in whole blood using acetonitrile and solid phase extraction methods. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4950-6. [PMID: 19439311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A method for the analysis of perfluorinated compounds (perfluoroalkyl sulfonates: C4, C6, C8, C10; perfluoroalkyl sulfinates: C6, C8, C10; perfluorooctanesulfonamide, N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamide, N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate, perfluorocarboxylates: C4-C14; fluorotelomer carboxylate (7:3, 8:2) in whole blood using acetonitrile and OASIS WAX solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge was developed. Separation of target compounds in two HPLC columns (ion exchange JJ50-2D and C18 Betasil columns) was examined. Matrix recoveries of the developed methods ranged from 70% to 120%. Separation of possible inferences such as taurodeoxycholic acid (TDC) was accomplished using an ion exchange JJ50-2D column, and this separation was validated using whole blood of different animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo W Y Yeung
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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