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Wang Y, Bai Y, Su J, Xu L, Ren Y, Ren M, Hou C, Cao M. Enhanced denitrification and p-nitrophenol removal performance via hydrophilic sponge carriers fixed with dual-bacterial: Optimization, performance, and enhancement mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134922. [PMID: 38885589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Effective treatment of industrial wastewater containing complex pollutants, such as nitrate (NO3--N) and organic pollutants, remains a significant challenge to date. Here, a strain Nocardioides sp. ZS2 with denitrification and degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) was isolated and its culture conditions were optimized by kinetic analysis. Hydrophilic sponge carriers were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and chitosan (CS) to construct bioreactors. Furthermore, to further enhance the PNP degradation and denitrification performance of bioreactors, Pseudomonas stutzeri GF2 with denitrification capability was introduced. The results revealed that the removal efficiencies of PNP and NO3--N reached 97.9 % and 91.9 %, respectively, when hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h, C/N of 2.0, and pH of 6.5. The bioreactor exhibited stable denitrification performance even with fluctuations in the influent PNP concentration. The potential functional prediction results revealed that the abundance of amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates increased as the influent C/N decreased, reflecting a tendency of the microbial community to adjust carbon source utilization to maintain cell growth, metabolic balance, and resist adverse C/N environments. This research provides new insights into the effective removal of organic pollutants and NO3--N in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yihan Bai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yi Ren
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Miqi Ren
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Chenxi Hou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Meng Cao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Li J, Wen Y, Fang Z, Yang W, Song X. Application of cold-adapted microbial agents in soil contaminate remediation: biodegradation mechanisms, case studies, and safety assessments. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12720-12734. [PMID: 38645519 PMCID: PMC11027001 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01510j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbial agent technology has made significant progress in remediating nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs), such as p-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, in farmland soil over the past decade. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of the bioavailability and degradation mechanisms of these compounds in low-temperature environments. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the strategies employed by cold-adapted microorganisms and elucidate the degradation pathways of NACs pollutants. To further analyze their metabolic mechanisms, we propose using mass balance to improve our understanding of biochemical processes and refine the degradation pathways through stoichiometry analysis. Additionally, we suggest employing 13C-metabolic flux analysis to track enzyme activity and intermediate products during bio-degradation processes with the aim of accelerating the remediation of nitro-aromatic compounds, particularly in cold regions. Through a comprehensive analysis of pollutant metabolic activities and a commitment to the 'One Health' approach, with an emphasis on selecting non-pathogenic strains, the environmental management strategies for soil remediation could be positioned to develop and implement safe and effective measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China +86(24)62269636
| | - Yujuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China +86(24)62269636
- Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Evolution and Ecological Effect, Ministry of Natural Resources China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China +86(24)62269636
| | - Wenqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China +86(24)62269636
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China +86(24)62269636
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Gangola S, Bhandari G, Joshi S, Sharma A, Simsek H, Bhatt P. Esterase and ALDH dehydrogenase-based pesticide degradation by Bacillus brevis 1B from a contaminated environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116332. [PMID: 37279800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The isolated bacterial strain (Bacillus brevis strain 1 B) showed a maximum tolerated level of 450 mg L-1 of the selected pesticides namely: imidacloprid, fipronil, cypermethrin, and sulfosulfuron. Within 15 days of the experiment, strain 1 B was able to reduce up to 95% of a pesticide mixture (20 mg L-1) in a carbon-deficient medium (minimal medium). The optimal conditions obtained using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were: inoculums; 2.0 × 107 CFU mL-1, shaking speed; 120 rpm, and pesticide concentration; 80 mg L-1. After 15 days of soil-based bioremediation using strain 1 B, the degradation pattern for imidacloprid, fipronil, cypermethrin, sulfosulfuron, and control was 99, 98.5, 94, 91.67, and 7%, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to determine the intermediate metabolites of cypermethrin with bacterial 1 B as 2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-methylpyrrolidine, 2-oxonanone, 2-pentenoic acid, 2-penten-1-ol, hexadecanoic acid or palmitic acid, pentadecanoic acid, 3-cyclopentylpropionic acid, and 2-dimethyl. Furthermore, genes encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and esterase were expressed under stress conditions and connected to pesticide bioremediation. Hence the efficacy of Bacillus brevis (1 B) could be employed for the bioremediation of pesticide mixtures and other toxic substances (dye, polyaromatic hydrocarbon, etc.) from contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Gangola
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, 263136, India.
| | - Geeta Bhandari
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, 248140, India
| | - Samiksha Joshi
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, 263136, India
| | - Anita Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, 263139, India
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Pardue University, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Pardue University, IN, 47906, USA.
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Wu X, Chen WJ, Lin Z, Huang Y, El Sebai TNM, Alansary N, El-Hefny DE, Mishra S, Bhatt P, Lü H, Chen S. Rapid Biodegradation of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Acephate by a Novel Strain Burkholderia sp. A11 and Its Impact on the Structure of the Indigenous Microbial Community. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5261-5274. [PMID: 36962004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The acephate-degrading microbes that are currently available are not optimal. In this study, Burkholderia sp. A11, an efficient degrader of acephate, presented an acephate-removal efficiency of 83.36% within 56 h (100 mg·L-1). The A11 strain has a broad substrate tolerance and presents a good removal effect in the concentration range 10-1600 mg·L-1. Six metabolites from the degradation of acephate were identified, among which the main products were methamidophos, acetamide, acetic acid, methanethiol, and dimethyl disulfide. The main degradation pathways involved include amide bond breaking and phosphate bond hydrolysis. Moreover, strain A11 successfully colonized and substantially accelerated acephate degradation in different soils, degrading over 90% of acephate (50-200 mg·kg-1) within 120 h. 16S rDNA sequencing results further confirmed that the strain A11 gradually occupied a dominant position in the soil microbial communities, causing slight changes in the diversity and composition of the indigenous soil microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Talaat N-M El Sebai
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural and Biology Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nasser Alansary
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Plant Protection Department, Division of Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia E El-Hefny
- Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central of Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Environmental Technologies Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Huixiong Lü
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Han L, Liu Y, Nie J, You X, Li Y, Wang X, Wang J. Indigenous functional microbial degradation of the chiral fungicide mandipropamid in repeatedly treated soils: Preferential changes in the R-enantiomer. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128961. [PMID: 35472545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the indigenous functional microbial communities associated with the degradation of chiral fungicide mandipropamid enantiomers in soils repeatedly treated with a single enantiomer. The R-enantiomer degraded faster than the S-enantiomer, with degradation half-lives ranging from 10.2 d to 79.2 d for the R-enantiomer and 10.4 d to 130.5 d for the S-enantiomer. Six bacterial genera, (Burkholderia, Paraburkholderia, Hyphomicrobium, Methylobacterium, Caballeronia, and Ralstonia) with R-enantiomer substrate preference and three bacterial genera (Haliangium, Sorangium, and Sandaracinus) with S-enantiomer substate preference were responsible for the preferential degradation of the R-enantiomer and S-enantiomer, respectively. KEGG analysis indicated that Burkholderia, Paraburkholderia, Hyphomicrobium, and Methylobacterium were the dominant contributors to soil microbial metabolic functions. Notably, six microbial metabolic pathways and twelve functional enzyme genes were associated with the preferential degradation of the R-enantiomer, whose relative abundances in the R-enantiomer treatment were higher than those in the S-enantiomer treatment. A constructed biodegradation gene (BDG) protein database analysis further confirmed that Burkholderia, Paraburkholderia, Hyphomicrobium, Methylobacterium, and Ralstonia were the potential hosts of five dominant BDGs, bphA1, benA, bph, p450, and ppah. We concluded that bacterial genera Burkholderia, Paraburkholderia, Hyphomicrobium, and Methylobacterium may play pivotal roles in the preferential degradation of mandipropamid R-enantiomer in repeatedly treated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Han
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China; College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yalei Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Jiyun Nie
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China; College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiangwei You
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Xiuguo Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
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Cao L, Zhu G, Tao J, Zhang Y. Iron carriers promote biofilm formation and p-nitrophenol degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133601. [PMID: 35033514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vertical baffled biofilm reactors (VBBR) equipped with Plastic-carriers and Fe-carriers were employed to explore the effect of biofilm carriers on biofilm formation and p-nitrophenol (PNP) degradation. The results showed that Fe-carriers enhanced biofilm formation and PNP degradation. The maximum thickness of biofilm grown on the Fe-carriers was 1.5-fold higher than that on the Plastic-carriers. The Fe-VBBR reached a maximum rate of PNP removal at 13.02 μM L-1 h-1 with less sodium acetate addition (3 mM), while the maximum rate of PNP removal was 11.53 μM L-1 h-1 with more sodium acetate addition (6 mM) in the Plastic-based VBBR. High-throughput sequencing suggested that the Fe-VBBR had a higher biodiversity of the bacterial community in evenness, and the Achromobacter genus and Xanthobacteraceae family were as main PNP degraders. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Orthology analysis suggested more abundances of iron uptake genes were expressed to transport iron into the cytoplasm under an iron-limited condition in two VBBRs, and the metabolic pathway of PNP degradation went through 4-nitrocatechol and 1,2,4-benzenetriol. Our results provide a new insight for iron enhancing biofilm formation and PNP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Cao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China; School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ge Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Jinzhao Tao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, PR China.
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Gangola S, Sharma A, Joshi S, Bhandari G, Prakash O, Govarthanan M, Kim W, Bhatt P. Novel mechanism and degradation kinetics of pesticides mixture using Bacillus sp. strain 3C in contaminated sites. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 181:104996. [PMID: 35082044 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study has investigated the potential of Bacillus sp. strain 3C able to degrade mixture of pesticides from the environment. It showed maximum tolerance up to 450 mg·L-1 for cypermethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and sulfosulfuron. The strain 3C was able to degrade up to the 94% of mixture of pesticides (20 mg·L-1) within 15 days of experiment. The Box-Behnken design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) determined the optimized conditions as; inoculum size 3.0 × 107 CFU·mL-1, shaking speed 120 rpm, and pesticides concentration 80 mg·L-1. In soil-based bioremediation with strain 3C after 15 days degradation pattern was; 99, 94, 92, 92 and 7% for the imidacloprid, sulfosulfuron, fipronil, cypermethrin and control respectively. The novel intermediate metabolites for cypermethrin degradation were investigated as decyl isobutyl ester, phthalic acid, cyclopropane carboxylic acid tri dec-2-ynyl ester, 9- octadecanal, tridecane, propanoic acid, cyclohexene, bicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-ol, and acetic acid were identified using Gas chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) with strain 3C. Moreover, the results of the laccase based enzymatic kinetics suggested that the rate of production was maximum in pesticides stress (94 μg·μL-1) whereas, in normal condition 51 μg·μL-1. The Km value found to be decreased in pesticides stress condition 12.25 and increment in Km 13.58 mM was observed without stress. Furthermore, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and laccase encoding genes were amplified and linked with mixture of pesticides bioremediation. The efficiency of bacterial strain 3C, could be used for bioremediation of mixture of pesticides, and other xenobiotic compounds from the contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Gangola
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal 263136, India.
| | - Anita Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263139, India
| | - Samiksha Joshi
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal 263136, India
| | - Geeta Bhandari
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun 248016, India
| | - Om Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263139, India
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Luo J, Xu Y, Wang J, Zhang L, Jiang X, Shen J. Coupled biodegradation of p-nitrophenol and p-aminophenol in bioelectrochemical system: Mechanism and microbial functional diversity. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 108:134-144. [PMID: 34465427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation mechanisms and microbial functional diversity during coupled p-nitrophenol (PNP) and p-aminophenol (PAP) degradation were studied in a bioelectrochemical system. PNP in the biocathode and PAP in the bioanode were almost completely removed within 28hr and 68hr respectively. The degradation followed the steps including hydrating hydroxyalkylation, dehydrogenating carbonylation, and hydrolating ring cleavage, etc. Metagemomic analysis based on the KEGG and eggNOG database annotations revealed the microbial composition and functional genes/enzymes related to phenol degradation in the system. The predominant bacteria genera were Lautropia, Pandoraea, Thiobacillus, Ignavibacterium, Truepera and Hyphomicrobium. The recognized biodegradation genes/enzymes related to pollutant degradation were as follows: pmo, hbd, & ppo for phenol degradation, nzba, amie, & badh for aromatic degradation, and CYP & p450 for xenobiotics degradation, etc. The co-occurrence of ARGs (antibiotic resistant genes), such as adeF, MexJ, ErmF, PDC-93 and Escherichia_coli_mdfA, etc., were annotated in CARD database during the biodegradation process. The Proteobacteria & Actinobacteria phylum was the primary host of both the biodegradation genes & ARGs in this system. The microbial functional diversity ensured the effective biodegradation of the phenol pollutants in the bioelectrochemical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Xinbai Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Xu J, Wang B, Zhang WH, Zhang FJ, Deng YD, Wang Y, Gao JJ, Tian YS, Peng RH, Yao QH. Biodegradation of p-nitrophenol by engineered strain. AMB Express 2021; 11:124. [PMID: 34463855 PMCID: PMC8408293 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
p-Nitrophenol (PNP) is an important environmental pollutant and can causes significant environmental and health risks. Compared with the traditional methods, biodegradation is a useful one to completely remove the harmful pollutants from the environment. Here, an engineered strain was first constructed by introducing PNP biodegradation pathway via the hydroquinone (HQ) pathway into Escherichia coli. In the engineered strain BL-PNP, PNP was completely degraded to β-ketoadipate and subsequently enter the metabolites of multiple anabolic pathways. The high tolerance and rapid degradation ability to PNP enable the engineered strain to have the potential to degrade toxic substances. The engineered strain created in this study can be used as a functional strain for bioremediation of PNP and potential toxic intermediates, and the method of assembling aromatic hydrocarbons metabolic pathway can be used to eradicate nitroaromatic pollutants in the environment.
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Differential proteomic analysis under pesticides stress and normal conditions in Bacillus cereus 2D. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253106. [PMID: 34388169 PMCID: PMC8362991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential pesticide degrading bacterial isolate (2D), showing maximum tolerance (450 mg∙L-1) for cypermethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and sulfosulfuron was recovered from a pesticide contaminated agricultural field. The isolate degraded cypermethrin, imidacloprid, fipronil and sulfosulfuron in minimal salt medium with 94, 91, 89 and 86% respectively as revealed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) analysis after 15 days of incubation. Presence of cyclobutane, pyrrolidine, chloroacetic acid, formic acid and decyl ester as major intermediate metabolites of cypermethrin biodegradation was observed in gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results based on 16S rDNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis showed maximum similarity of 2D with Bacillus cereus (Accession ID: MH341691). Stress responsive and catabolic/pesticide degrading proteins were over expressed in the presence of cypermethrin in bacteria. Enzymatic kinetics of laccase was deduced in the test isolate under normal and pesticide stress conditions which suggested that the production of enzyme was induced significantly in pesticide stress (163 μg.μL-1) as compare to normal conditions(29 μg.μL-1) while the Km value was decreased in pesticides stress condition (Km = 10.57 mM) and increases in normal condition (Km = 14.33 mM).Amplification of laccase gene showed a major band of 1200bp. The present study highlights on the potential of 2D bacterial strain i.e., high tolerance level of pesticide, effective biodegradation rate, and presence of laccase gene in bacterial strain 2D, could become a potential biological agent for large-scale treatment of mixture of pesticide (cypermethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and sulfosulfuron) in natural environment (soil and water).
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Physiological Role of the Previously Unexplained Benzenetriol Dioxygenase Homolog in the Burkholderia sp. Strain SJ98 4-Nitrophenol Catabolism Pathway. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0000721. [PMID: 33990303 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00007-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Nitrophenol, a priority pollutant, is degraded by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria via 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BT) and hydroquinone (HQ), respectively. All enzymes involved in the two pathways have been functionally identified. So far, all Gram-negative 4-nitrophenol utilizers are from the genera Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. But it remains a mystery why pnpG, an apparently superfluous BT 1,2-dioxygenase-encoding gene, always coexists in the catabolic cluster (pnpABCDEF) encoding 4-nitrophenol degradation via HQ. Here, the physiological role of pnpG in Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 was investigated. Deletion and complementation experiments established that pnpG is essential for strain SJ98 growing on 4-nitrocatechol rather than 4-nitrophenol. During 4-nitrophenol degradation by strain SJ98 and its two variants (pnpG deletion and complementation strains), 1,4-benzoquinone and HQ were detected, but neither 4-nitrocatechol nor BT was observed. When the above-mentioned three strains (the wild type and complementation strains with 2,2'-dipyridyl) were incubated with 4-nitrocatechol, BT was the only intermediate detected. The results established the physiological role of pnpG that encodes BT degradation in vivo. Biotransformation analyses showed that the pnpA-deleted strain was unable to degrade both 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitrocatechol. Thus, the previously characterized 4-nitrophenol monooxygenase PnpASJ98 is also essential for the conversion of 4-nitrocatechol to BT. Among 775 available complete genomes for Pseudomonas and Burkholderia, as many as 89 genomes were found to contain the putative pnpBCDEFG genes. The paucity of pnpA (3 in 775 genomes) implies that the extension of BT and HQ pathways enabling the degradation of 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitrocatechol is rarer, more recent, and likely due to the release of xenobiotic nitroaromatic compounds. IMPORTANCE An apparently superfluous gene (pnpG) encoding BT 1,2-dioxygenase is always found in the catabolic clusters involved in 4-nitrophenol degradation via HQ by Gram-negative bacteria. Our experiments reveal that pnpG is not essential for 4-nitrophenol degradation in Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 but instead enables its degradation of 4-nitrocatechol via BT. The presence of pnpG genes broadens the range of growth substrates to include 4-nitrocatechol or BT, intermediates from the microbial degradation of many aromatic compounds in natural ecosystems. In addition, the existence of pnpCDEFG in 11.6% of the above-mentioned two genera suggests that the ability to degrade BT and HQ simultaneously is ancient. The extension of BT and HQ pathways including 4-nitrophenol degradation seems to be an adaptive evolution for responding to synthetic nitroaromatic compounds entering the environment since the industrial revolution.
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Castrejón-Godínez ML, Ortiz-Hernández ML, Salazar E, Encarnación S, Mussali-Galante P, Tovar-Sánchez E, Sánchez-Salinas E, Rodríguez A. Transcriptional analysis reveals the metabolic state of Burkholderia zhejiangensis CEIB S4-3 during methyl parathion degradation. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6822. [PMID: 31086743 PMCID: PMC6486813 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia zhejiangensis CEIB S4-3 has the ability to degrade methyl parathion (MP) and its main hydrolysis byproduct p-nitrophenol (PNP). According to genomic data, several genes related with metabolism of MP and PNP were identified in this strain. However, the metabolic state of the strain during the MP degradation has not been evaluated. In the present study, we analyzed gene expression changes during MP hydrolysis and PNP degradation through a transcriptomic approach. The transcriptional analysis revealed differential changes in the expression of genes involved in important cellular processes, such as energy production and conversion, transcription, amino acid transport and metabolism, translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, among others. Transcriptomic data also exhibited the overexpression of both PNP-catabolic gene clusters (pnpABA′E1E2FDC and pnpE1E2FDC) present in the strain. We found and validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction the expression of the methyl parathion degrading gene, as well as the genes responsible for PNP degradation contained in two clusters. This proves the MP degradation pathway by the strain tested in this work. The exposure to PNP activates, in the first instance, the expression of the transcriptional regulators multiple antibiotic resistance regulator and Isocitrate Lyase Regulator (IclR), which are important in the regulation of genes from aromatic compound catabolism, as well as the expression of genes that encode transporters, permeases, efflux pumps, and porins related to the resistance to multidrugs and other xenobiotics. In the presence of the pesticide, 997 differentially expressed genes grouped in 104 metabolic pathways were observed. This report is the first to describe the transcriptomic analysis of a strain of B. zhejiangensis during the biodegradation of PNP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ma Laura Ortiz-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sergio Encarnación
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Patricia Mussali-Galante
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Efraín Tovar-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Enrique Sánchez-Salinas
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alexis Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Nabil B, Ahmida EA, Christine C, Julien V, Abdelkrim A. Inorganic-organic-fabrics based polyester/cotton for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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Mei X, Liu J, Guo Z, Li P, Bi S, Wang Y, Yang Y, Shen W, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Yang X, Zhou B, Liu H, Wu S. Simultaneous p-nitrophenol and nitrogen removal in PNP wastewater treatment: Comparison of two integrated membrane-aerated bioreactor systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 363:99-108. [PMID: 30308370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical p-nitrophenol (PNP) is a priority pollutant, and PNP wastewater is highly toxic and resistant to biodegradation. The traditional physical and chemical methods (adsorption, extraction, and oxidation) for treating PNP wastewater have the disadvantages of complicated processes, high costs and secondary pollution generation. In this study, two integrated membrane-aerated bioreactor systems (RA and RB) with anoxic and aerated zones were constructed to enhance PNP biodegradation. The results showed that a helical silicone rubber membrane module displayed a high oxygen supply rate under a low membrane aeration pressure, and the hydraulic flow state of the reactor approached ideal mixing. At an influent PNP concentration of 500 mg/L, the average removal rates of PNP, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) reached 95.86%, 89.77%, and 94.81%, respectively, for RA and 89.48%, 74.26% and 64.78%, respectively, for RB, indicating efficient simultaneous PNP and nitrogen removal. Compared with that of RB, the pre-anoxic zone in RA not only performed detoxification pretreatment but also enhanced PNP degradation and denitrification effects, which relieved the biological treatment burden of the subsequent aerated zone. Based on these comprehensive analyses of reactor performance, the hydroquinone pathway might be the main route in the aerobic degradation of PNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Mei
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhongwei Guo
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Pengpeng Li
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuqi Bi
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wentian Shen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yanyan Xiao
- Nanjing Haiyi Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211200, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Nanjing Haiyi Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211200, China
| | - Baochang Zhou
- Nanjing RGE Membrane Tech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210012, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Sengupta K, Swain MT, Livingstone PG, Whitworth DE, Saha P. Genome Sequencing and Comparative Transcriptomics Provide a Holistic View of 4-Nitrophenol Degradation and Concurrent Fatty Acid Catabolism by Rhodococcus sp. Strain BUPNP1. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3209. [PMID: 30662435 PMCID: PMC6328493 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodococcus sp.strain BUPNP1 can utilize the priority environmental pollutant 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as its sole source of carbon and energy. In this study, genome and transcriptome sequencing were used to gain mechanistic insights into 4-NP degradation. The draft BUPNP1 genome is 5.56 Mbp and encodes 4,963 proteins, which are significantly enriched in hypothetical proteins compared to other Rhodococcus sp. A novel 4-NP catabolic 43 gene cluster “nph” was identified that encodes all the genes required for the conversion of 4-NP into acetyl-CoA and succinate, via 4-nitrocatechol. The cluster also encodes pathways for the catabolism of other diverse aromatic compounds. Comparisons between BUPN1 growing on either 4-NP or glucose resulted in significant changes in the expression of many nph cluster genes, and, during 4-NP growth, a loss of lipid inclusions. Moreover, fatty acid degradation/synthesis genes were found within the nph cluster, suggesting fatty acids may be concurrently catabolised with 4-NP. A holistic model for the action of the nph gene cluster is proposed which incorporates genetic architecture, uptake and metabolism of aromatic compounds, enzymatic activities and transcriptional regulation. The model provides testable hypotheses for further biochemical investigations into the genes of the nph cluster, for potential exploitation in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Sengupta
- Department of Microbiology, Burdwan University, Bardhaman, India
| | - Martin T Swain
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Livingstone
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - David E Whitworth
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Pradipta Saha
- Department of Microbiology, Burdwan University, Bardhaman, India
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16
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Zhou Y, Zhao J, Li S, Guo M, Fan Z. An electrochemical sensor for the detection of p-nitrophenol based on a cyclodextrin-decorated gold nanoparticle–mesoporous carbon hybrid. Analyst 2019; 144:4400-4406. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00722a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical sensor based on a cyclodextrin-decorated gold nanoparticle–mesoporous carbon hybrid was constructed for the detection of p-nitrophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongying Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P.R. China
| | - Shenghua Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P.R. China
| | - Minjie Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P.R. China
| | - Zhi Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P.R. China
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Zhang X, Yang YS, Lu Y, Wen YJ, Li PP, Zhang G. Bioaugmented soil aquifer treatment for P-nitrophenol removal in wastewater unique for cold regions. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:616-627. [PMID: 30096688 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
P-nitrophenol (PNP) is a toxic and recalcitrant organic pollutant and a usual intermediate in the production of fine chemicals, which has posed a significant threat to subsurface environment safety. Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is a promising method to remove and remediate contamination in vadose zone with low cost and high efficiency. However, there are still research gaps for the treatment of recalcitrant contaminants by SAT in cold regions, such as un-robust indigenous microbes and low temperature constraint in vadose zone. The bioaugmentation technology was first introduced into SAT in order to enhance the removal ability of PNP by SAT operated in cold regions in this study. A high-efficiency PNP-degrading bacterium was successfully isolated, which can efficiently degrade PNP below 200 mg L-1 with a degradation rate above 99% at 15 °C close to the real subsurface temperature in cold regions, and added into SAT for bioaugmentation. The feasibility of bioaugmented SAT and associated PNP removal process were investigated by laboratory sand columns, along with effects of the SAT operative parameters (namely PNP loading concentration, flow rate and soil saturation level of SAT). Within the range of PNP loading stresses tested (1-200 mg L-1), PNP removal efficiency was optimal at constant flow rate of 219 mL d-1 in unsaturated operating condition of SAT under 15 °C among all the investigated experimental conditions. Longer hydraulic residence time increased the PNP removal rate, although the accumulated mass removed reduced and the removal efficiencies remained constant in unsaturated operating condition of SAT. It is found from the comparison between the PNP removals via both unsaturated and saturated columns that slight difference only in the removal rate of PNP was observed and the highly efficient bioaugmented SAT can completely degrade PNP of 10 mg L-1 within 5 wetting/drying cycles under both scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Y S Yang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Eco-restoration of Region Polluted Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110044, PR China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
| | - Y J Wen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-restoration of Region Polluted Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110044, PR China
| | - P P Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, PR China
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Umukoro EH, Peleyeju MG, Idris AO, Ngila JC, Mabuba N, Rhyman L, Ramasami P, Arotiba OA. Photoelectrocatalytic application of palladium decorated zinc oxide-expanded graphite electrode for the removal of 4-nitrophenol: experimental and computational studies. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10255-10266. [PMID: 35540454 PMCID: PMC9078825 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00180d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Pd-ZnO-expanded graphite (EG) photoelectrode was constructed from a Pd-ZnO-EG nanocomposite synthesised by a hydrothermal method and characterised using various techniques such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Cyclic voltammetry and photocurrent response measurements were also carried out on the electrode. The Pd-ZnO-EG electrode was employed in the photoelectrocatalytic removal of 4-nitrophenol as a target water pollutant at a neutral pH and with a current density of 7 mA cm-2. Optical studies revealed that the Pd-ZnO-EG absorbed strongly in the visible light region. The Pd-ZnO-EG electrode showed improved photoelectrocatalytic activity in relation to ZnO-EG and EG electrodes for the removal of the 4-nitrophenol. The photocurrent responses showed that the Pd-ZnO-EG nanocomposite electrode could be employed as a good photoelectrode for photoelectrocatalytic processes and environmental remediation such as treatment of industrial waste waters. Density functional theory method was used to model the oxidative degradation of 4-nitrophenol by the hydroxyl radical which generates hydroquinone, benzoquinone, 4-nitrocatechol, 4-nitroresorcinol and the opening of the 4-nitrophenol ring. Furthermore, the hydroxyl radical is regenerated and can further oxidise the ring structure and initiate a new degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moses G Peleyeju
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Azeez O Idris
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Jane C Ngila
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Nonhlangabezo Mabuba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Lydia Rhyman
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg South Africa
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius Réduit 80837 Mauritius
| | - Ponnadurai Ramasami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg South Africa
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius Réduit 80837 Mauritius
| | - Omotayo A Arotiba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg South Africa
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Characterization of methyl parathion degradation by a Burkholderia zhejiangensis strain, CEIB S4-3, isolated from agricultural soils. Biodegradation 2017; 28:351-367. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-017-9801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Characterization of para-Nitrophenol-Degrading Bacterial Communities in River Water by Using Functional Markers and Stable Isotope Probing. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26209677 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01794-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial degradation is a major determinant of the fate of pollutants in the environment. para-Nitrophenol (PNP) is an EPA-listed priority pollutant with a wide environmental distribution, but little is known about the microorganisms that degrade it in the environment. We studied the diversity of active PNP-degrading bacterial populations in river water using a novel functional marker approach coupled with [(13)C6]PNP stable isotope probing (SIP). Culturing together with culture-independent terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons identified Pseudomonas syringae to be the major driver of PNP degradation in river water microcosms. This was confirmed by SIP-pyrosequencing of amplified 16S rRNA. Similarly, functional gene analysis showed that degradation followed the Gram-negative bacterial pathway and involved pnpA from Pseudomonas spp. However, analysis of maleylacetate reductase (encoded by mar), an enzyme common to late stages of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial PNP degradation pathways, identified a diverse assemblage of bacteria associated with PNP degradation, suggesting that mar has limited use as a specific marker of PNP biodegradation. Both the pnpA and mar genes were detected in a PNP-degrading isolate, P. syringae AKHD2, which was isolated from river water. Our results suggest that PNP-degrading cultures of Pseudomonas spp. are representative of environmental PNP-degrading populations.
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Sengupta K, Maiti TK, Saha P. Degradation of 4-nitrophenol in presence of heavy metals by a halotolerant Bacillus sp. strain BUPNP2, having plant growth promoting traits. Symbiosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-015-0327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Maleki M, Motamedi M, Sedighi M, Zamir SM, Vahabzadeh F. Experimental study and kinetic modeling of cometabolic degradation of phenol and p-nitrophenol by loofa-immobilized Ralstonia eutropha. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Pan W, Zhang G, Zheng T, Wang P. Degradation of p-nitrophenol using CuO/Al2O3 as a Fenton-like catalyst under microwave irradiation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14516j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The CuO/Al2O3 was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for Fenton-like oxidation of PNP under microwave and the PNP removal was enhanced greatly by microwave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Pan
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Guangshan Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Tong Zheng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
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YAN K, ZHU Y, CHENG L, ZHANG J. Visible Light-driven Photoelectrochemical Determination of p-Nitrophenol Based on CdSe Quantum Dots and DNA Composite Film Modified Electrode. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:669-75. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai YAN
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Yuhan ZHU
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Ling CHENG
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Jingdong ZHANG
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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25
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Kundu S, Chanda A, Thompson JVK, Diabes G, Khetan SK, Ryabov AD, Collins TJ. Rapid degradation of oxidation resistant nitrophenols by TAML activator and H2O2. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01426j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TAML and H2O2remove toxic nitrophenol pollutants producing innocuous minerals. Mechanistic studies reveal the substrate inhibition due to the reversible binding of nitrophenolate to iron(iii) of the TAML resting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Kundu
- Institute for Green Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Arani Chanda
- Institute for Green Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Jasper V. K. Thompson
- Institute for Green Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - George Diabes
- Institute for Green Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Sushil K. Khetan
- Institute for Green Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Alexander D. Ryabov
- Institute for Green Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Terrence J. Collins
- Institute for Green Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
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Duan X, Zhao Y, Liu W, Chang L, Li X. Electrochemical degradation of p-nitrophenol on carbon nanotube and Ce-modified-PbO2 electrode. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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The gene cluster for para-nitrophenol catabolism is responsible for 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol degradation in Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6212-22. [PMID: 25085488 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02093-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 (DSM 23195) utilizes 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (2C4NP) or para-nitrophenol (PNP) as a sole source of carbon and energy. Here, by genetic and biochemical analyses, a 2C4NP catabolic pathway different from those of all other 2C4NP utilizers was identified with chloro-1,4-benzoquinone (CBQ) as an intermediate. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that all of the pnp genes in the pnpABA1CDEF cluster were located in a single operon, which is significantly different from the genetic organization of all other previously reported PNP degradation gene clusters, in which the structural genes were located in three different operons. All of the Pnp proteins were purified to homogeneity as His-tagged proteins. PnpA, a PNP 4-monooxygenase, was found to be able to catalyze the monooxygenation of 2C4NP to CBQ. PnpB, a 1,4-benzoquinone reductase, has the ability to catalyze the reduction of CBQ to chlorohydroquinone. Moreover, PnpB is also able to enhance PnpA activity in vitro in the conversion of 2C4NP to CBQ. Genetic analyses indicated that pnpA plays an essential role in the degradation of both 2C4NP and PNP by gene knockout and complementation. In addition to being responsible for the lower pathway of PNP catabolism, PnpCD, PnpE, and PnpF were also found to be likely involved in that of 2C4NP catabolism. These results indicated that the catabolism of 2C4NP and that of PNP share the same gene cluster in strain SJ98. These findings fill a gap in our understanding of the microbial degradation of 2C4NP at the molecular and biochemical levels.
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Chang L, Zhou Y, Duan X, Liu W, Xu D. Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotube and Bi co-doped PbO2 electrode. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Arora PK, Srivastava A, Singh VP. Bacterial degradation of nitrophenols and their derivatives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 266:42-59. [PMID: 24374564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This review intends to provide an overview of bacterial degradation of nitrophenols (NPs) and their derivatives. The main scientific focus is on biochemical and genetic characterization of bacterial degradation of NPs. Other aspects such as bioremediation and chemotaxis correlated with biodegradation of NPs are also discussed. This review will increase our current understanding of bacterial degradation of NPs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Arora
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India.
| | - Alok Srivastava
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
| | - Vijay Pal Singh
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
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Genes involved in degradation of para-nitrophenol are differentially arranged in form of non-contiguous gene clusters in Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84766. [PMID: 24376843 PMCID: PMC3871574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradation of para-Nitrophenol (PNP) proceeds via two distinct pathways, having 1,2,3-benzenetriol (BT) and hydroquinone (HQ) as their respective terminal aromatic intermediates. Genes involved in these pathways have already been studied in different PNP degrading bacteria. Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 degrades PNP via both the pathways. Earlier, we have sequenced and analyzed a ~41 kb fragment from the genomic library of strain SJ98. This DNA fragment was found to harbor all the lower pathway genes; however, genes responsible for the initial transformation of PNP could not be identified within this fragment. Now, we have sequenced and annotated the whole genome of strain SJ98 and found two ORFs (viz., pnpA and pnpB) showing maximum identity at amino acid level with p-nitrophenol 4-monooxygenase (PnpM) and p-benzoquinone reductase (BqR). Unlike the other PNP gene clusters reported earlier in different bacteria, these two ORFs in SJ98 genome are physically separated from the other genes of PNP degradation pathway. In order to ascertain the identity of ORFs pnpA and pnpB, we have performed in-vitro assays using recombinant proteins heterologously expressed and purified to homogeneity. Purified PnpA was found to be a functional PnpM and transformed PNP into benzoquinone (BQ), while PnpB was found to be a functional BqR which catalyzed the transformation of BQ into hydroquinone (HQ). Noticeably, PnpM from strain SJ98 could also transform a number of PNP analogues. Based on the above observations, we propose that the genes for PNP degradation in strain SJ98 are arranged differentially in form of non-contiguous gene clusters. This is the first report for such arrangement for gene clusters involved in PNP degradation. Therefore, we propose that PNP degradation in strain SJ98 could be an important model system for further studies on differential evolution of PNP degradation functions.
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Khan F, Vyas B, Pal D, Cameotra SS. Aerobic degradation of N-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA) by Pseudomonas sp. strain FK357 isolated from soil. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75046. [PMID: 24116023 PMCID: PMC3792944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA) is used as an additive to lower the melting temperature of energetic materials in the synthesis of insensitive explosives. Although the biotransformation of MNA under anaerobic condition has been reported, its aerobic microbial degradation has not been documented yet. A soil microcosms study showed the efficient aerobic degradation of MNA by the inhabitant soil microorganisms. An aerobic bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. strain FK357, able to utilize MNA as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source, was isolated from soil microcosms. HPLC and GC-MS analysis of the samples obtained from growth and resting cell studies showed the formation of 4-nitroaniline (4-NA), 4-aminophenol (4-AP), and 1, 2, 4-benzenetriol (BT) as major metabolic intermediates in the MNA degradation pathway. Enzymatic assay carried out on cell-free lysates of MNA grown cells confirmed N-demethylation reaction is the first step of MNA degradation with the formation of 4-NA and formaldehyde products. Flavin-dependent transformation of 4-NA to 4-AP in cell extracts demonstrated that the second step of MNA degradation is a monooxygenation. Furthermore, conversion of 4-AP to BT by MNA grown cells indicates the involvement of oxidative deamination (release of NH2 substituent) reaction in third step of MNA degradation. Subsequent degradation of BT occurs by the action of benzenetriol 1, 2-dioxygenase as reported for the degradation of 4-nitrophenol. This is the first report on aerobic degradation of MNA by a single bacterium along with elucidation of metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Environmental Biotechnology and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
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Wells T, Ragauskas AJ. Biotechnological opportunities with the β-ketoadipate pathway. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:627-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Branching of the p-nitrophenol (PNP) degradation pathway in burkholderia sp. Strain SJ98: Evidences from genetic characterization of PNP gene cluster. AMB Express 2012; 2:30. [PMID: 22681853 PMCID: PMC3485097 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic microbial degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) has been classically shown to proceed via ‘Hydroquinone (HQ) pathway’ in Gram-negative bacteria, whereas in Gram-positive PNP degraders it proceed via ‘Benzenetriol (BT) pathway’. These pathways are characterized by the ring cleavage of HQ and BT as terminal aromatic intermediates respectively. Earlier reports on PNP degradation have indicated these pathways to be mutually exclusive. We report involvement of both ‘HQ’ and ‘BT’ ring cleavage pathways in PNP degradation by Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98. Genetic characterization of an ~41 Kb DNA fragment harboring PNP degradation gene cluster cloned and sequenced from strain SJ98 showed presence of multiple orfs including pnpC and pnpD which corresponded to previously characterized ‘benzenetriol-dioxygenase (BtD)’ and ‘maleylacetate reductase (MaR)’ respectively. This gene cluster also showed presence of pnpE1 and pnpE2, which shared strong sequence identity to cognate sub-units of ‘hydroquinone dioxygenase’ (HqD). Heterologous expression and biochemical characterization ascertained the identity of PnpE1 and PnpE2. In in vitro assay reconstituted heterotetrameric complex of PnpE1 and PnpE2 catalyzed transformation of hydroquinone (HQ) into corresponding hydroxymuconic semialdehyde (HMS) in a substrate specific manner. Together, these results clearly establish branching of PNP degradation in strain SJ98. We propose that strain SJ98 presents a useful model system for future studies on evolution of microbial degradation of PNP.
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Zhang S, Sun W, Xu L, Zheng X, Chu X, Tian J, Wu N, Fan Y. Identification of the para-nitrophenol catabolic pathway, and characterization of three enzymes involved in the hydroquinone pathway, in Peudomonas sp. 1-7. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:27. [PMID: 22380602 PMCID: PMC3324391 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background para-Nitrophenol (PNP), a priority environmental pollutant, is hazardous to humans and animals. However, the information relating to the PNP degradation pathways and their enzymes remain limited. Results Pseudomonas sp.1-7 was isolated from methyl parathion (MP)-polluted activated sludge and was shown to degrade PNP. Two different intermediates, hydroquinone (HQ) and 4-nitrocatechol (4-NC) were detected in the catabolism of PNP. This indicated that Pseudomonas sp.1-7 degraded PNP by two different pathways, namely the HQ pathway, and the hydroxyquinol (BT) pathway (also referred to as the 4-NC pathway). A gene cluster (pdcEDGFCBA) was identified in a 10.6 kb DNA fragment of a fosmid library, which cluster encoded the following enzymes involved in PNP degradation: PNP 4-monooxygenase (PdcA), p-benzoquinone (BQ) reductase (PdcB), hydroxyquinol (BT) 1,2-dioxygenase (PdcC), maleylacetate (MA) reductase (PdcF), 4-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde (4-HS) dehydrogenase (PdcG), and hydroquinone (HQ) 1,2-dioxygenase (PdcDE). Four genes (pdcDEFG) were expressed in E. coli and the purified pdcDE, pdcG and pdcF gene products were shown to convert HQ to 4-HS, 4-HS to MA and MA to β-ketoadipate respectively by in vitro activity assays. Conclusions The cloning, sequencing, and characterization of these genes along with the functional PNP degradation studies identified 4-NC, HQ, 4-HS, and MA as intermediates in the degradation pathway of PNP by Pseudomonas sp.1-7. This is the first conclusive report for both 4-NC and HQ- mediated degradation of PNP by one microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Biodegradation of semiconductor volatile organic compounds by four novel bacterial strains: a kinetic analysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 35:1117-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Pandey J, Sharma NK, Khan F, Ghosh A, Oakeshott JG, Jain RK, Pandey G. Chemotaxis of Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 towards chloronitroaromatic compounds that it can metabolise. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:19. [PMID: 22292983 PMCID: PMC3293717 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 is known for its chemotaxis towards nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) that are either utilized as sole sources of carbon and energy or co-metabolized in the presence of alternative carbon sources. Here we test for the chemotaxis of this strain towards six chloro-nitroaromatic compounds (CNACs), namely 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (2C4NP), 2-chloro-3-nitrophenol (2C3NP), 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (4C2NP), 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoate (2C4NB), 4-chloro-2-nitrobenzoate (4C2NB) and 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzoate (5C2NB), and examine its relationship to the degradation of such compounds. Results Strain SJ98 could mineralize 2C4NP, 4C2NB and 5C2NB, and co-metabolically transform 2C3NP and 2C4NB in the presence of an alternative carbon source, but was unable to transform 4C2NP under these conditions. Positive chemotaxis was only observed towards the five metabolically transformed CNACs. Moreover, the chemotaxis was induced by growth in the presence of the metabolisable CNAC. It was also competitively inhibited by the presence of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) that it could metabolise but not by succinate or aspartate. Conclusions Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 exhibits metabolic transformation of, and inducible chemotaxis towards CNACs. Its chemotactic responses towards these compounds are related to its previously demonstrated chemotaxis towards NACs that it can metabolise, but it is independently inducible from its chemotaxis towards succinate or aspartate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janmejay Pandey
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
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Reductive dehalogenation mediated initiation of aerobic degradation of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (2C4NP) by Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:597-607. [PMID: 21626025 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 (DSM 23195) was previously isolated and characterized for degradation and co-metabolic transformation of a number nitroaromatic compounds. In the present study, we evaluated its metabolic activity on chlorinated nitroaromatic compounds (CNACs). Results obtained during this study revealed that strain SJ98 can degrade 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (2C4NP) and utilize it as sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy under aerobic conditions. The cells of strain SJ98 removed 2C4NP from the growth medium with sequential release of nearly stoichiometric amounts of chloride and nitrite in culture supernatant. Under aerobic degradation conditions, 2C4NP was transformed into the first intermediate that was identified as p-nitrophenol by high-performance liquid chromatography, LCMS-TOF, and GC-MS analyses. This transformation clearly establishes that the degradation of 2C4NP by strain SJ98 is initiated by "reductive dehalogenation"; an initiation mechanism that has not been previously reported for microbial degradation of CNAC under aerobic conditions.
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Yamamoto K, Nishimura M, Kato DI, Takeo M, Negoro S. Identification and characterization of another 4-nitrophenol degradation gene cluster, nps, in Rhodococcus sp. strain PN1. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 111:687-94. [PMID: 21396889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) is a toxic compound formed in soil by the hydrolysis of organophosphorous pesticides, such as parathion. We previously reported the presence of the 4-NP degradation gene cluster (nphRA1A2) in Rhodococcus sp. strain PN1, which encodes a two-component 4-NP hydroxylase system that oxidizes 4-NP into 4-nitrocatechol. In the current study, another gene cluster (npsC and npsRA2A1B) encoding a similar 4-NP hydroxylase system was cloned from strain PN1. The enzymes from this 4-NP hydroxylase system (NpsA1 and NpsA2) were purified as histidine-tagged (His-) proteins and then characterized. His-NpsA2 showed NADH/FAD oxidoreductase activity, and His-NpsA1 showed 4-NP oxidizing activity in the presence of His-NpsA2. In the 4-NP oxidation using the reconstituted enzyme system (His-NpsA1 and His-NpsA2), hydroquinone (35% of 4-NP disappeared) and hydroxyquinol (59% of 4-NP disappeared) were detected in the presence of ascorbic acid as a reducing reagent, suggesting that, without the reducing reagent, 4-NP was converted into their oxidized forms, 1,4-benzoquinone and 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone. In addition, in the cell extract of recombinant Escherichia coli expressing npsB, a typical spectral change showing conversion of hydroxyquinol into maleylacetate was observed. These results indicate that this nps gene cluster, in addition to the nph gene cluster, is also involved in 4-NP degradation in strain PN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
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Russell RJ, Scott C, Jackson CJ, Pandey R, Pandey G, Taylor MC, Coppin CW, Liu JW, Oakeshott JG. The evolution of new enzyme function: lessons from xenobiotic metabolizing bacteria versus insecticide-resistant insects. Evol Appl 2011; 4:225-48. [PMID: 25567970 PMCID: PMC3352558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we compare the evolutionary routes by which bacteria and insects have evolved enzymatic processes for the degradation of four classes of synthetic chemical insecticide. For insects, the selective advantage of such degradative activities is survival on exposure to the insecticide, whereas for the bacteria the advantage is simply a matter of access to additional sources of nutrients. Nevertheless, bacteria have evolved highly efficient enzymes from a wide variety of enzyme families, whereas insects have relied upon generalist esterase-, cytochrome P450- and glutathione-S-transferase-dependent detoxification systems. Moreover, the mutant insect enzymes are less efficient kinetically and less diverged in sequence from their putative ancestors than their bacterial counterparts. This presumably reflects several advantages that bacteria have over insects in the acquisition of new enzymatic functions, such as a broad biochemical repertoire from which new functions can be evolved, large population sizes, high effective mutation rates, very short generation times and access to genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer. Both the insect and bacterial systems support recent theory proposing that new biochemical functions often evolve from 'promiscuous' activities in existing enzymes, with subsequent mutations then enhancing those activities. Study of the insect enzymes will help in resistance management, while the bacterial enzymes are potential bioremediants of insecticide residues in a range of contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Scott
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Rinku Pandey
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jian-Wei Liu
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Canberra, ACT, Australia
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