1
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Wang J, Owens-Baird B, Kovnir K. From Three-Dimensional Clathrates to Two-Dimensional Zintl Phases AMSb 2 (A = Rb, Cs; M = Ga, In) Composed of Pentagonal M-Sb Rings. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:533-541. [PMID: 34905342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three new antimonide Zintl phases, RbGaSb2, CsGaSb2, and CsInSb2, were discovered during exploration of corresponding A-M-Sb (A = Rb, Cs; M = Ga, In) ternary systems while searching for new clathrates. The AGaSb2 phases crystallize in the tetragonal space group P42/nmc (No. 137) in the LiBS2 structure type, while CsInSb2 crystallizes in lower symmetry in the orthorhombic space group Cmce (No. 64) in the KGaSb2 structure type with additional disorder of one of the Cs sites. The crystal structures of all three reported AMSb2 compounds are composed of two-dimensional [MSb2]- tetrahedral layers separated by Rb+ or Cs+ cations. [MSb2]- layers are built from fused M-Sb pentagons and hexagons, which are also the main structural units for A8M27Sb19 clathrate cages. The semiconductor nature of AMSb2 was suggested by band structure calculations and confirmed by transport property characterization. CsGaSb2 is a rare example of an n-type pnictide Zintl phase. All reported compounds exhibit low thermal conductivity typical for complex antimonides of heavy elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Bryan Owens-Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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2
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Yao H, Chen C, Xue W, Bai F, Cao F, Lan Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Singh DJ, Lin X, Zhang Q. Vacancy ordering induced topological electronic transition in bulk Eu 2ZnSb 2. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/6/eabd6162. [PMID: 33547075 PMCID: PMC7864570 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal-semiconductor transitions from changes in edge chirality from zigzag to armchair were observed in many nanoribbon materials, especially those based on honeycomb lattices. Here, this is generalized to bulk complex Zintl semiconductors, exemplified by Eu2ZnSb2 where the Zn vacancy ordering plays an essential role. Five Eu2ZnSb2 structural models are proposed to guide transmission electron microscopy imaging. Zigzag vacancy ordering models show clear metallicity, while the armchair models are semiconducting with indirect bandgaps that monotonously increase with the relative distances between neighboring ZnSb2 chains. Topological electronic structure changes based on cation ordering in a Zintl compound point toward tunable and possibly switchable topological behavior, since cations in these are often mobile. Thus, their orderings can often be adjusted by temperature, minor alloying, and other approaches. We explain the electronic structure of an interesting thermoelectric and point the way to previously unidentified types of topological electronic transitions in Zintl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Materials Genome and Big Data, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Materials Genome and Big Data, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Materials Genome and Big Data, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Fengxian Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Materials Genome and Big Data, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cao
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yucheng Lan
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21254, USA
| | - Xingjun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Materials Genome and Big Data, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - David J Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Xi Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Materials Genome and Big Data, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Materials Genome and Big Data, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China.
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3
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Ogunbunmi MO, Baranets S, Childs AB, Bobev S. The Zintl phases AIn 2As 2 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba): new topological insulators and thermoelectric material candidates. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9173-9184. [PMID: 34121098 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01521d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a lot of interest in topological insulators (TIs), being electronic materials, which are insulating in their bulk but with the gapless exotic metallic state on their surface. The surface states observed in such materials behave as a perfect conductor thereby making them more suited for several cutting-edge technological applications such as spintronic devices. Here, we report the synthesis and structural characterization of the Zintl phases AIn2As2 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba), which could become a new class of TIs. Crystal structure elucidation by single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that CaIn2As2 and SrIn2As2 are isostructural and crystallize in the EuIn2P2 structure type (space group P63/mmc, no. 194, Z = 2) with unit cell parameters a = 4.1482(6) Å, c = 17.726(4) Å; and a = 4.2222(6) Å, c = 18.110(3) Å, respectively. Their hexagonal structure is made up of alternating [In2As2]2- layers separated by slabs of A2+ cations. BaIn2As2 on the other hand crystallizes in the monoclinic EuGa2P2 structure type (space group P2/m, no. 10, Z = 4) with unit cell parameters a = 10.2746(11) Å, b = 4.3005(5) Å, c = 13.3317(14) Å and β = 95.569(2)°. This structure is also layered, and it is made up of different type of polyanionic [In2As2]2- units and Ba2+ cations. The valence electron count for all three compounds adheres to the Zintl-Klemm formalism, and all elements achieve closed-shell electronic configurations. Bulk electronic structure calculations indicate the opening of a bandgap Eg ∼ 0.03 eV (CaIn2As2 and Sr2In2As2), and Eg ∼0.21 eV (BaIn2As2) in the absence of strain and spin-orbit coupling (SOC). These results argue in favor of the realization of a nontrivial topological insulator state under the influence of tensile strain and SOC. Preliminary transport properties on BaIn2As2 are suggestive of a degenerate p-type semiconductor-a behavior which is sought after in thermoelectric (TE) materials. Since both TIs and excellent TE materials are known to favor the same material properties such as narrow bandgap, heavy elements, and strong SOC, these three Zintl phases are also projected as candidates TE materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Ogunbunmi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
| | - Sviatoslav Baranets
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
| | - Amanda B Childs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
| | - Svilen Bobev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
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4
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Li J, Zheng S, Fang T, Yue L, Zhang S, Lu G. Computational prediction of a high ZT of n-type Mg 3Sb 2-based compounds with isotropic thermoelectric conduction performance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7686-7693. [PMID: 29497737 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08680f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-type Mg3Sb2-based Zintl compounds are proved to be high-performance thermoelectric materials with multiple degenerate valleys and low lattice thermal conductivity. Here, we investigate the electronic band structure and the thermoelectric properties of n-type Mg3Sb2 using first-principles density functional theory. A high ZT of 3.1 at 725 K is obtained when the minimum lattice thermal conductivity and the optimal carrier concentration are reached. The calculated thermoelectric performance demonstrates that Mg3Sb2 possesses an isotropic character in thermoelectric transport. Furthermore, the calculated lattice thermal conductivity κL reveals that the unusually low κL in Mg3Sb2 predominantly originates from the large Grüneisen parameter γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Chen H, Narayan A, Stoumpos CC, Zhao J, Han F, Chung DY, Wagner LK, Kwok WK, Kanatzidis MG. Semiconducting Ba 3Sn 3Sb 4 and Metallic Ba 7-xSn 11Sb 15-y (x = 0.4, y = 0.6) Zintl Phases. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14251-14259. [PMID: 29116790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of two ternary Zintl phases Ba3Sn3Sb4 and Ba7-xSn11Sb15-y (x = 0.4, y = 0.6). Ba3Sn3Sb4 adopts the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 14.669(3) Å, b = 6.9649(14) Å, c = 13.629(3) Å, and β = 104.98(3)°. It features a unique corrugated two-dimensional (2D) structure consisting of [Sn3Sb4]6- layers extending along the ab-plane with Ba2+ atoms sandwiched between them. The nonstoichiometric Ba6.6Sn11Sb14.4 has a complex one-dimensional (1D) structure adopting the orthorhombic space group Pnma, with unit cell parameters a = 37.964(8) Å, b = 4.4090(9) Å, and c = 24.682(5) Å. It consists of large double Sn-Sb ribbons separated by Ba2+ atoms. Ba3Sn3Sb4 is an n-type semiconductor which has a narrow energy gap of ∼0.18 eV and a room temperature carrier concentration of ∼4.2 × 1018 cm-3. Ba6.6Sn11Sb14.4 is determined to be a metal with electrons being the dominant carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Awadhesh Narayan
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Fei Han
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Duck Young Chung
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lucas K Wagner
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wai-Kwong Kwok
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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6
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New insights into the application of the valence rules in Zintl phases—Crystal and electronic structures of Ba7Ga4P9, Ba7Ga4As9, Ba7Al4Sb9, Ba6CaAl4Sb9, and Ba6CaGa4Sb9. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures of the Pnictides AE3TrPn3 (AE = Sr, Ba; Tr = Al, Ga; Pn = P, As). CRYSTALS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst5040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Suen NT, Wang Y, Bobev S. Synthesis, crystal structures, and physical properties of the new Zintl phases A21Zn4Pn18 (A=Ca, Eu; Pn=As, Sb)—Versatile arrangements of [ZnPn4] tetrahedra. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Zevalkink A, Chanakian S, Aydemir U, Ormeci A, Pomrehn G, Bux S, Fleurial JP, Snyder GJ. Thermoelectric properties and electronic structure of the Zintl phase Sr₅In₂Sb₆ and the Ca(5-x)Sr(x)In₂Sb₆ solid solution. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:015801. [PMID: 25479002 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/1/015801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Zintl phase Sr5In2Sb6 is isostructural with Ca5In2Sb6-a promising thermoelectric material with a peak zT of 0.7 when the carrier concentration is optimized by doping. Density functional calculations for Sr5In2Sb6 reveal a decreased energy gap and decreased valence band effective mass relative to the Ca analog. Chemical bonding analysis using the electron localizability indicator was found to support the Zintl bonding scheme for this structure type. High temperature transport measurements of the complete Ca(5-x)Sr(x)In2Sb6 solid solution were used to investigate the influence of the cation site on the electronic and thermal properties of A5In2Sb6 compounds. Sr was shown to be fully miscible on the Ca site. The higher density of the Sr analog leads to a slight reduction in lattice thermal conductivity relative to Ca5In2Sb6, and, as expected, the solid solution samples have significantly reduced lattice thermal conductivities relative to the end member compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zevalkink
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, USA. Thermal Energy Conversion Technologies Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USA
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10
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Bhardwaj A, Shukla AK, Dhakate SR, Misra DK. Graphene boosts thermoelectric performance of a Zintl phase compound. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15456h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nanocomposite of Mg3Sb2-based Zintl phase compound, fabricated by utilizing, GNS, as a nanocomposite additive, enhances significantly the thermoelectric performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bhardwaj
- CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
- Materials Physics & Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - A. K. Shukla
- CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
- Materials Physics & Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - S. R. Dhakate
- CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
- Materials Physics & Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - D. K. Misra
- CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
- Materials Physics & Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
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11
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Khatun M, Stoyko SS, Mar A. Quaternary Arsenides ACdGeAs2 (A = K, Rb) Built of Ethane-Like Ge2As6 Units. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7756-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5011264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansura Khatun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Stanislav S. Stoyko
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Arthur Mar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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12
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Pomrehn GS, Zevalkink A, Zeier WG, van de Walle A, Snyder GJ. Defect-Controlled Electronic Properties inAZn2Sb2Zintl Phases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3422-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Pomrehn GS, Zevalkink A, Zeier WG, van de Walle A, Snyder GJ. Defect-Controlled Electronic Properties inAZn2Sb2Zintl Phases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Zevalkink A, Takagiwa Y, Kitahara K, Kimura K, Snyder GJ. Thermoelectric properties and electronic structure of the Zintl phase Sr5Al2Sb6. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4720-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Bhardwaj A, Misra DK. Enhancing thermoelectric properties of a p-type Mg3Sb2- based Zintl phase compound by Pb substitution in the anionic framework. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04889j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pb substitution on anionic site of Mg3Sb2 structure enhances the power factor and simultaneously reduces the thermal conductivity which leads to a ZT ≈ 0.84 at 773 K for Mg3Sb1.8Pb0.2 alloy. The enhanced ZT of this system is comparable to bismuth telluride and selenide industrial materials which are toxic and expensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bhardwaj
- CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
- Materials Physics & Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012, India
| | - D. K. Misra
- CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
- Materials Physics & Engineering Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012, India
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16
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Subbarao U, Sarkar S, Gudelli VK, Kanchana V, Vaitheeswaran G, Peter SC. Yb5Ga2Sb6: a mixed valent and narrow-band gap material in the RE5M2X6 family. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13631-8. [PMID: 24224906 DOI: 10.1021/ic402185s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new compound Yb5Ga2Sb6 was synthesized by the metal flux technique as well as high frequency induction heating. Yb5Ga2Sb6 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbam (no. 55), in the Ba5Al2Bi6 structure type, with a unit cell of a = 7.2769(2) Å, b = 22.9102(5) Å, c = 4.3984(14) Å, and Z = 2. Yb5Ga2Sb6 has an anisotropic structure with infinite anionic double chains (Ga2Sb6)(10-) cross-linked by Yb(2+) and Yb(3+) ions. Each single chain is made of corner-sharing GaSb4 tetrahedra. Two such chains are bridged by Sb2 groups to form double chains of 1/∞ [Ga2Sb6(10-)]. The compound satisfies the classical Zintl-Klemm concept and is a narrow band gap semiconductor with an energy gap of around 0.36 eV calculated from the electrical resistivity data corroborating with the experimental absorption studies in the IR region (0.3 eV). Magnetic measurements suggest Yb atoms in Yb5Ga2Sb6 exist in the mixed valent state. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility data follows the Curie-Weiss behavior above 100 K and no magnetic ordering was observed down to 2 K. Experiments are accompanied by all electron full-potential linear augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) calculations based on density functional theory to calculate the electronic structure and density of states. The calculated band structure shows a weak overlap of valence band and conduction band resulting in a pseudo gap in the density of states revealing semimetallic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udumula Subbarao
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
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17
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Zevalkink A, Pomrehn G, Takagiwa Y, Swallow J, Snyder GJ. Thermoelectric properties and electronic structure of the zintl-phase Sr(3)AlSb(3). CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:2316-2321. [PMID: 24115744 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Zintl-phase Sr3 AlSb3 , which contains relatively earth-abundant and nontoxic elements, has many of the features that are necessary for good thermoelectric performance. The structure of Sr3 AlSb3 is characterized by isolated anionic units formed from pairs of edge-sharing tetrahedra. Its structure is distinct from previously studied chain-forming structures, Ca3 AlSb3 and Sr3 GaSb3 , both of which are known to be good thermoelectric materials. DFT predicts a relatively large band gap in Sr3 AlSb3 (Eg ≈1 eV) and a heavier band mass than that found in other chain-forming A3 MSb3 phases (A=Sr, Ca; M=Al, Ga). High-temperature transport measurements reveal both high resistivity and high Seebeck coefficients in Sr3 AlSb3 , which is consistent with the large calculated band gap. The thermal conductivity of Sr3 AlSb3 is found to be extremely low (≈ 0.55 W mK(-1) at 1000 K) due to the large, complex unit cell (56 atoms per primitive cell). Although the figure of merit (zT) has not been optimized in the current study, a single parabolic band model suggests that, when successfully doped, zT≈ 0.3 may be obtained at 600 K; this makes Sr3 AlSb3 promising for waste-heat recovery applications. Doping with Zn(2+) on the Al(3+) site has been attempted, but does not lead to the expected increase in carrier concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zevalkink
- Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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18
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Bhardwaj A, Rajput A, Shukla AK, Pulikkotil JJ, Srivastava AK, Dhar A, Gupta G, Auluck S, Misra DK, Budhani RC. Mg3Sb2-based Zintl compound: a non-toxic, inexpensive and abundant thermoelectric material for power generation. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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Zevalkink A, Swallow J, Snyder GJ. Thermoelectric properties of Zn-doped Ca5In2Sb6. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:9713-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50428j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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He H, Tyson C, Saito M, Bobev S. Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures of the New Zintl phases Ba3Al3Pn5 (Pn = P, As) and Ba3Ga3P5. Inorg Chem 2012; 52:499-505. [DOI: 10.1021/ic302437t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Chauntae Tyson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Maia Saito
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Svilen Bobev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
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21
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Nolan M. Charge transfer and formation of reduced Ce3+ upon adsorption of metal atoms at the ceria (110) surface. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:134703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3697485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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22
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Synthesis and structural characterization of the ternary Zintl phases AE3Al2Pn4 and AE3Ga2Pn4 (AE=Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu; Pn=P, As). J SOLID STATE CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2012.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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May AF, McGuire MA, Singh DJ, Custelcean R, Jellison GE. Structure and properties of single crystalline CaMg2Bi2, EuMg2Bi2, and YbMg2Bi2. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:11127-33. [PMID: 21999768 DOI: 10.1021/ic2016808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of CaMg(2)Bi(2), EuMg(2)Bi(2), and YbMg(2)Bi(2) were obtained from a Mg-Bi flux cooled to 650 °C. These materials crystallize in the CaAl(2)Si(2) structure-type (P ̅3m1, No. 164), and crystal structures are reported from refinements of single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data. EuMg(2)Bi(2) displays an antiferromagnetic transition near 7 K, which is observed via electrical resistivity, magnetization, and specific heat capacity measurements. Magnetization measurements on YbMg(2)Bi(2) reveal a weak diamagnetic moment consistent with divalent Yb. Despite charge-balanced empirical formulas, all three compounds are p-type conductors with Hall carrier concentrations of 2.0(3) × 10(19) cm(-3) for CaMg(2)Bi(2), 1.7(1) × 10(19) cm(-3) for EuMg(2)Bi(2), and 4.6(7) × 10(19) cm(-3) for YbMg(2)Bi(2), which are independent of temperature to 5 K. The electrical resistivity decreases with decreasing temperature and the resistivity ratios ρ(300 K)/ρ(10 K) ≤ 1.6 in all cases, indicating significant defect scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F May
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
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Schellenberg I, Eul M, Pöttgen R. EuGa2Sb2: a new Zintl phase with four-bonded gallium and three-bonded antimony in a complex three-dimensional [Ga2Sb2] polyanion. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-011-0544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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He H, Stearrett R, Nowak ER, Bobev S. Gallium Pnictides of the Alkaline Earth Metals, Synthesized by Means of the Flux Method: Crystal Structures and Properties of CaGa2Pn2, SrGa2As2, Ba2Ga5As5, and Ba4Ga5Pn8 (Pn = P or As). Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yan YL, Wang YX. Crystal structure, electronic structure, and thermoelectric properties of Ca5Al2Sb6. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11463h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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He H, Stearrett R, Nowak ER, Bobev S. BaGa2Pn2 (Pn = P, As): New Semiconducting Phosphides and Arsenides with Layered Structures. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:7935-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100940b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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Zheng WZ, Wang P, Wu LM, Liu Y, Chen L. Rb16Cd25.39(3)Sb36: An Electron-Deficient Zintl Phase Containing Infinite Dodecahedron Chains. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:5890-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100360n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Zui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China
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Bobev S, Hullmann J, Harmening T, Pöttgen R. Novel ternary alkaline-earth and rare-earth metal antimonides from gallium or indium flux. Synthesis, structural characterization and 121Sb and 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy of the series A7Ga8Sb8 (A = Sr, Ba, Eu) and Ba7In8Sb8. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6049-55. [DOI: 10.1039/b920583g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Saparov B, He H, Zhang X, Greene R, Bobev S. Synthesis, crystallographic and theoretical studies of the new Zintl phases Ba2Cd2Pn3 (Pn = As, Sb), and the solid solutions (Ba1–xSrx)2Cd2Sb3and Ba2Cd2(Sb1–xAsx)3. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:1063-70. [PMID: 20066192 DOI: 10.1039/b914305j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bayrammurad Saparov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Goforth AM, Klavins P, Fettinger JC, Kauzlarich SM. Magnetic Properties and Negative Colossal Magnetoresistance of the Rare Earth Zintl phase EuIn2As2. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:11048-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ic801290u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Goforth
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Peter Klavins
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Susan M. Kauzlarich
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
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Zhang H, Zhao JT, Grin Y, Wang XJ, Tang MB, Man ZY, Chen HH, Yang XX. A new type of thermoelectric material, EuZn2Sb2. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:164713. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rauscher JF, Kauzlarich SM, Ikeda T, Snyder GJ. Synthesis, Structure, and High Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of Yb11Sb9.3Ge0.5. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
By converting waste heat into electricity and improving the efficiency of refrigeration systems, thermoelectric devices could play a significant role in solving today's energy problems. Increasing the thermoelectric efficiency (as measured by the thermoelectric material's figure-of-merit, zT) is critical to the development of this technology. Complex Zintl phases, in particular, make ideal candidates for thermoelectric materials because the necessary "electron-crystal, phonon-glass" properties can be engineered with an understanding of the Zintl chemistry. A recent example is the discovery that Yb(14)MnSb(11), a transition metal Zintl compound, has twice the zT as the material currently in use at NASA. This perspective outlines a strategy to discover new high zT materials in Zintl phases, and presents results pointing towards the success of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Kauzlarich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Park SM, Kim SJ, Kanatzidis MG. Sr2MnSb2: A New Ternary Transition Metal Zintl Phase. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:4979-82. [PMID: 15998025 DOI: 10.1021/ic048252e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A transition metal-containing Zintl phase, Sr2MnSb2, was prepared from a stoichiometric combination reaction of the elements in Sn flux, and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with a = 15.936(3) A, b = 14.498(3) A, c = 8.2646(17) A, and Z = 12. The structure of Sr2MnSb2 is composed of corrugated layers of corner- and edge-shared MnSb4 tetrahedra. The basic building unit of the layer is a [Mn3Sb6]12- cluster composed of three edge-shared MnSb4 tetrahedra. These trinuclear clusters share four Sb vertexes to form a layer with cavities. Sr2+ cations are located at the inter- and intralayer space. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate an effective magnetic moment of 4.85 mu(B), a value smaller than what would be expected from Mn2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Mi Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea 120-750
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Park SM, Kim SJ, Kanatzidis MG. Eu7Ga6Sb8: A Zintl phase with Ga–Ga bonds and polymeric gallium antimonide chains. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Park SM, Kim SJ, Kanatzidis MG. Ga–Ga bonding and tunnel framework in the new Zintl phase Ba3Ga4Sb5. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-4596(03)00293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li B, Chi L, Corbett JD. Na6 TlSb4: synthesis, structure, and bonding. An electron-rich salt with a chain conformation and a Tl-Tl bond length determined by the cation. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:3036-42. [PMID: 12716198 DOI: 10.1021/ic020728b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The title compound forms on fusion and annealing of a stoichiometric mixture of the elements. The structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with a = 15.154(3) A, b = 10.401(2) A, c = 17.413(4) A, and beta = 113.57(3) degrees, Z = 8. Four-membered Tl-Sb1-Sb4-Sb3 rings interlinked by pairs of Sb2 bridges generate swinglike repeat units [Tl(2)Sb(8)] that are further interlinked through external Tl-Tl bonds to form infinite one-dimensional chains. Cations play a major role in the structure. In contrast to the Zintl-phase K(6)Tl(2)Sb(3) with similar swinglike [Tl(4)Sb(6)] repeating units and Tl-Tl interlinkages, Na(6)TlSb(4) has a more compact conformation of the chains and a notably smaller cell volume than expected. The new phase is metallic with two excess cations according to empirical electron counting, EHTB band calculations for the anion, and the compound's measured resistivities and magnetic susceptibilities. The notably shorter Tl-Tl bond in the present salt (2.954 A) can be directly attributed to the smaller cation and reduced intercation repulsions across that bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Ames Laboratory-DOE, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Gascoin F, Sevov SC. Synthesis and characterization of Cs(5)In(3)As(4) with a structure of two coexisting "polymorphic" forms of different dimensionality. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:6254-7. [PMID: 11703127 DOI: 10.1021/ic010654o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The title compound was made by fusion of a stoichiometric mixture of the pure elements at 500 degrees C. The structure (monoclinic, P2(1)/c, Z = 8, a = 17.037(6), b = 12.253(1), c = 18.105(4) A, beta = 117.24(2) degrees) is made of alternating one- and two-dimensional sections with the same composition of Cs(5)In(3)As(4), and can be considered as two coexisting polymorphic forms of the same compound. The chains and layers in these sections are made of repeating semicubane motifs of [In(3)As(4)](5)(-) that are connected to each other by In-As bonds in the chains, and by both In-As and In-In bonds in the layers. According to magnetic measurement and EHMO calculations, Cs(5)In(3)As(4) is a closed-shell compound that fulfills the Zintl concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gascoin
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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