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Watson AER, Grant MJ, Boyle PD, Ragogna PJ, Gilroy JB. Heterocyclic Phosphenium Cations and Their Divergent Coordination Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18719-18728. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E. R. Watson
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Michael J. Grant
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul D. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Joe B. Gilroy
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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2
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Walley JE, Warring LS, Wang G, Dickie DA, Pan S, Frenking G, Gilliard RJ. Carbodicarbene Bismaalkene Cations: Unravelling the Complexities of Carbene versus Carbone in Heavy Pnictogen Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6682-6690. [PMID: 33290596 PMCID: PMC7986408 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and theoretical study on the first examples of carbodicarbene (CDC)-stabilized bismuth complexes, which feature low-coordinate cationic bismuth centers with C=Bi multiple-bond character. Monocations [(CDC)Bi(Ph)Cl][SbF6 ] (8) and [(CDC)BiBr2 (THF)2 ][SbF6 ] (11), dications [(CDC)Bi(Ph)][SbF6 ]2 (9) and [(CDC)BiBr(THF)3 ][NTf2 ]2 (12), and trication [(CDC)2 Bi][NTf2 ]3 (13) have been synthesized via sequential halide abstractions from (CDC)Bi(Ph)Cl2 (7) and (CDC)BiBr3 (10). Notably, the dications and trication exhibit C ⇉ Bi double dative bonds and thus represent unprecedented bismaalkene cations. The synthesis of these species highlights a unique non-reductive route to C-Bi π-bonding character. The CDC-[Bi] complexes (7-13) were compared with related NHC-[Bi] complexes (1, 3-6) and show substantially different structural properties. Indeed, the CDC ligand has a remarkable influence on the overall stability of the resulting low-coordinate Bi complexes, suggesting that CDC is a superior ligand to NHC in heavy pnictogen chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Walley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Virginia409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319CharlottesvilleVA22904USA
| | - Levi S. Warring
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Virginia409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319CharlottesvilleVA22904USA
| | - Guocang Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Virginia409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319CharlottesvilleVA22904USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Virginia409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319CharlottesvilleVA22904USA
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universitt MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße35043MarburgGermany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universitt MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße35043MarburgGermany
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Virginia409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319CharlottesvilleVA22904USA
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3
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Walley JE, Warring LS, Wang G, Dickie DA, Pan S, Frenking G, Gilliard RJ. Carbodicarbene Bismaalkene Cations: Unravelling the Complexities of Carbene versus Carbone in Heavy Pnictogen Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Walley
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Levi S. Warring
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Guocang Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universitt Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universitt Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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4
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Belli RG, Pantazis DA, McDonald R, Rosenberg L. Reversible Silylium Transfer between P-H and Si-H Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2379-2384. [PMID: 33031611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mo=PR2 π* orbital in a Mo phosphenium complex acts as acceptor in a new PIII -based Lewis superacid. This Lewis acid (LA) participates in electrophilic Si-H abstraction from E3 SiH to give a Mo-bound secondary phosphine ligand, Mo-PR2 H. The resulting Et3 Si+ ion remains associated with the Mo complex, stabilized by η1 -P-H donation, yet undergoes rapid exchange with an η1 -Si-H adduct of free silane in solution. The equilibrium between these two adducts presents an opportunity to assess the role of this new LA in catalytic reactions of silanes: is the LA acting as a catalyst or as an initiator? Preliminary results suggest that a cycle including the Mo-bound phosphine-silylium adduct dominates in the catalytic hydrosilylation of acetophenone, relative to a putative cycle involving the silane-silylium adduct or "free" silylium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman G Belli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lisa Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
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5
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Belli RG, Pantazis DA, McDonald R, Rosenberg L. Reversible Silylium Transfer between P‐H and Si‐H Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman G. Belli
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC Victoria British Columbia V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Lisa Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC Victoria British Columbia V8W 2Y2 Canada
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6
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Olaru M, Mischin A, Malaspina LA, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Das Bis(ferrocenyl)phosphenium‐Ion im neuen Licht betrachtet. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Alexandra Mischin
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Lorraine A. Malaspina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Deutschland
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7
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Olaru M, Mischin A, Malaspina LA, Mebs S, Beckmann J. The Bis(ferrocenyl)phosphenium Ion Revisited. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1581-1584. [PMID: 31751492 PMCID: PMC7003730 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The bis(ferrocenyl)phosphenium ion, [Fc2P]+, reported by Cowley et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 714–715), was the only claimed donor‐free divalent phosphenium ion. Our examination of the molecular and electronic structure reveals that [Fc2P]+ possesses significant intramolecular Fe⋅⋅⋅P contacts, which are predominantly electrostatic and moderate the Lewis acidity. Nonetheless, [Fc2P]+ undergoes complex formation with the Lewis bases PPh3 and IPr to give the donor–acceptor complexes [Fc2P(PPh3)]+ and [Fc2P(IPr)]+ (IPr=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Mischin
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lorraine A Malaspina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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8
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Olaru M, Duvinage D, Lork E, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Transient Phosphenium and Arsenium Ions versus Stable Stibenium and Bismuthenium Ions. Chemistry 2019; 25:14758-14761. [PMID: 31404472 PMCID: PMC6900177 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride abstraction from bis-m-terphenylelement fluorides (2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 EF (E=P, As) generated the highly reactive phosphenium ion [(2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 P]+ and the arsenium ion [(2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 As]+ , which immediately underwent intramolecular electrophilic substitution and formation of an 1,2,4-trimethyl-6-mesityl-5-m-terphenyl-benzo[b]phospholium ion and an 1,2,4-trimethyl-6-mesityl-5-m-terphenyl-benzo[b]arsolium ion, respectively. The formation of the latter involved a methyl group migration from the ortho-position of a flanking mesityl group to the meta-position. This reactivity of [(2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 E]+ (E=P, As) is in sharp contrast to the related stibenium ion [(2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 Sb]+ and bismuthenium ion [(2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 Bi]+ , which have been recently isolated and fully characterized (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 10080-10084). On the basis of DFT calculations, a mechanism for the rearrangement of the phosphenium and arsenium ions into the phospholium and arsolium ions is proposed, which is not feasible for the stibenium and bismuthenium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Straße 728359BremenGermany
| | - Daniel Duvinage
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Straße 728359BremenGermany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Straße 728359BremenGermany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für ExperimentalphysikFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 1414195BerlinGermany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Straße 728359BremenGermany
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9
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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10
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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11
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Canac Y. Carbeniophosphines versus Phosphoniocarbenes: The Role of the Positive Charge. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1872-1887. [PMID: 29761658 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of carbeniophosphines and phosphoniocarbenes, which have general structures derived formally from the three-component "carbene/phosphine/positive charge" association, is presented. These two complementary classes of carbon-phosphorus-based ligands, defined by the presence of an inverted cationic coordinating structure (C+ ∼P: vs. P+ ∼C:) have the common purpose of positioning a positive charge in the vicinity of the metal center. Through selected examples, the synthetic methods, coordination properties, and general reactivity of both cationic species is described. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence of the positive charge on the respective chemical behavior of the two classes of compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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12
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Synthesis and thermal reactivity of a Me 3 N-stabilized cyclic (alkyl)(amino)oxophosphonium ion. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Mehta M, Johnstone TC, Lam J, Bagh B, Hermannsdorfer A, Driess M, Stephan DW. Synthesis and oxidation of phosphine cations. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14149-14157. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03175k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cationic phosphines of the form [(L)PPh2]+ are prepared from Ph2PCl and carbenes (L), including a chiral bis(oxazoline)-based carbene, a cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene, and a 1,2,3-triazolium-derived carbene. A related dication was prepared from PhPCl2 and a bis-carbene. The monocations, but not the dication, can be oxidized with XeF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Canada
| | | | - Jolie Lam
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Canada
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
| | - Bidraha Bagh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Canada
| | | | - Matthias Driess
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
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14
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Mboyi CD, Maaliki C, Mankou Makaya A, Canac Y, Duhayon C, Chauvin R. Phosphenium Versus Pro-Phosphide Character of P-tert-butyl-dicyclopropeniophosphine: Zwitterionic Palladate Complexes of a Dicationic Phosphido Ligand. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11018-11027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cleve Dionel Mboyi
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Universite
Toulouse III Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique
(INP), Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Maaliki
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Universite
Toulouse III Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique
(INP), Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Amelle Mankou Makaya
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Universite
Toulouse III Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique
(INP), Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Canac
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Universite
Toulouse III Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique
(INP), Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Universite
Toulouse III Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique
(INP), Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Remi Chauvin
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Universite
Toulouse III Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique
(INP), Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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15
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Majhi PK, Koner A, Schnakenburg G, Kelemen Z, Nyulászi L, Streubel R. Application of Imidazole-2-thione Substituents in Low-Coordinate Phosphorus Chemistry - Probing the Scope. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kumar Majhi
- Institut fur Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Abhishek Koner
- Institut fur Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut fur Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szt Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szt Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut fur Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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16
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Bamford KL, Chitnis SS, Stoddard RL, McIndoe JS, Burford N. Bond fission in monocationic frameworks: diverse fragmentation pathways for phosphinophosphonium cations. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2544-2552. [PMID: 28660025 PMCID: PMC5477047 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03804a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of phosphinophosphonium cations ([R2PPMe3]+; R = Me, Et, i Pr, t Bu, Cy, Ph and N i Pr2) have been prepared and examined by collision-induced dissociation (CID) to determine the fragmentation pathways accessible to these prototypical catena-phosphorus cations in the gas-phase. Experimental evidence for fission of P-P and P-E (E = P, C) bonds, and β-hydride elimination has been obtained. Comparison of appearance potentials for the P-P bond dissociation fragments [R2P]+ (P-P heterolysis) and [PMe3]+˙ (P-P homolysis) shows that heterolytic P-P cleavage is more sensitive than P-P homolysis towards changes in substitution at the trivalent phosphorus center. The facility of β-hydride elimination increases with the steric bulk of R in [R2PPMe3]+. A density functional theory (DFT) study modelling these observed processes in gas-phase, counterion- and solvent-free conditions, to mimic the mass spectrometric environment, was performed for derivatives of [R2PPMe3]+ (R = Me, Et, i Pr, t Bu, Ph and N i Pr2), showing good agreement with experimental trends. The unusual observation of both homolytic and heterolytic cleavage pathways for the P-P and P-C bonds reveals new insight into the fundamental aspects of bonding in monocations and undermines the use of simplistic bonding models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlee L Bamford
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; ; Tel: +1 250-721-7150 ; Tel: +1 250-721-7181
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; ; Tel: +1 250-721-7150 ; Tel: +1 250-721-7181
| | - Rhonda L Stoddard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; ; Tel: +1 250-721-7150 ; Tel: +1 250-721-7181
| | - J Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; ; Tel: +1 250-721-7150 ; Tel: +1 250-721-7181
| | - Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada . ; ; ; Tel: +1 250-721-7150 ; Tel: +1 250-721-7181
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Lepetit C, Maraval V, Canac Y, Chauvin R. On the nature of the dative bond: Coordination to metals and beyond. The carbon case. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Clark ER, Borys AM, Pearce K. Donor-substituted phosphanes – surprisingly weak Lewis donors for phosphenium cation stabilisation. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:16125-16129. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03478k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Paradoxically, N- and O-donor substituted tri-arylphosphanes are shown to be weaker donors than PPh3 when binding the soft Lewis acid moiety [PPh2]+. This arises from internal solvation and rehybridisation as phosphorus, precluding chelation and increasing steric demand, in direct contrast to coordination modes observed for metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan R. Clark
- School of Physical Sciences
- University of Kent
- Canterbury
- UK
| | | | - Kyle Pearce
- School of Physical Sciences
- University of Kent
- Canterbury
- UK
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Vabre B, Canac Y, Lepetit C, Duhayon C, Chauvin R, Zargarian D. Charge Effects in PCP Pincer Complexes of NiIIbearing Phosphinite and Imidazol(i)ophosphine Coordinating Jaws: From Synthesis to Catalysis through Bonding Analysis. Chemistry 2015; 21:17403-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Doddi A, Bockfeld D, Nasr A, Bannenberg T, Jones PG, Tamm M. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Phosphinidene Complexes of the Coinage Metals. Chemistry 2015; 21:16178-89. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany) http://www.tu‐braunschweig.de/iaac
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany) http://www.tu‐braunschweig.de/iaac
| | - Alexandre Nasr
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany) http://www.tu‐braunschweig.de/iaac
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany) http://www.tu‐braunschweig.de/iaac
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany) http://www.tu‐braunschweig.de/iaac
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany) http://www.tu‐braunschweig.de/iaac
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Đorđević N, Tay MQY, Muthaiah S, Ganguly R, Dimić D, Vidović D. C–F Bond Activation by Transient Phosphenium Dications. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:4180-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5031125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Đorđević
- SPMS-CBC, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 638737, Singapore
| | - Madelyn Qin Yi Tay
- SPMS-CBC, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 638737, Singapore
| | | | - Rakesh Ganguly
- SPMS-CBC, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 638737, Singapore
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Dragoslav Vidović
- SPMS-CBC, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 638737, Singapore
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Abstract
An overview of the synthesis, structures and reaction chemistry of coordination complexes featuring an acceptor with at least one lone pair and at least one phosphine donor is presented. One or more examples of complexes have been structurally-characterized for the majority of p-block elements but few are known for most elements. The unusual condition of a p-block element centre accommodating a lone pair of electrons and offering a low energy LUMO gives the element centre the potential to behave as both a Lewis acid and a Lewis Base. The structural diversity and reactivity of the phosphine complexes highlights new directions in main group chemistry and by comparison with transition metal coordination chemistry, the featured complexes demonstrate significant configurational and stereochemical flexibility. Ligand exchange, oxidation and reduction chemistry at the lone pair bearing acceptor centre reveals unusual reactivity and an interesting class of ligands and inorganic reagents, with new possibilities for catalysis or small molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8W 3V6, Canada.
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23
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Gu L, Gopakumar G, Gualco P, Thiel W, Alcarazo M. Bis- and tris(pyrazolyl)borate/methane-stabilized P(III) -centered cations. Chemistry 2014; 20:8575-8. [PMID: 24898514 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of [H2 B(pz)2 PR](+) , [H2 C(pz)2 PR](+2) , [HB(pz)3 P](+2) , and [HC(pz)3 P](+3) (H2 B(pz)2 =bis(pyrazolyl)borate; H2 C(pz)2 =bis(pyrazolyl)methane; HB(pz)3 =tris(pyrazolyl)borate; HC(pz)3 =tris(pyrazolyl) methane; R=Ph, Cy or Et2 N) by reaction of the corresponding neutral or anionic ligands with chlorophosphines in the presence of TMSOTf. The structures of these compounds were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis and the nature of their bonding was examined using density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghu Gu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208-306-2994
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24
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Holthausen MH, Weigand JJ. The chemistry of cationic polyphosphorus cages--syntheses, structure and reactivity. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:6639-57. [PMID: 24740160 PMCID: PMC4288811 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00019f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive view of the chemistry of cationic polyphosphorus cages.
The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive view of the chemistry of cationic polyphosphorus cages. The synthetic protocols established for their preparation, which are all based on the functionalization of P4, and their intriguing follow-up chemistry are highlighted. In addition, this review intends to foster the interest of the inorganic, organic, catalytic and material oriented chemical communities in the versatile field of polyphosphorus cage compounds. In the long term, this is envisioned to contribute to the development of new synthetic procedures for the functionalization of P4 and its transformation into (organo-)phosphorus compounds and materials of added value.
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25
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Dielmann F, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Bertrand G. Crystalline, Lewis Base-Free, Cationic Phosphoranimines (Iminophosphonium Salts). J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14071-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4080979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dielmann
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research
Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0343, United States
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research
Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0343, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research
Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0343, United States
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research
Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0343, United States
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26
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Holthausen MH, Hepp A, Weigand JJ. Synthesis of Cationic R2P5+Cages and Subsequent Chalcogenation Reactions. Chemistry 2013; 19:9895-907. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Tay MQY, Lu Y, Ganguly R, Vidović D. A Carbone-Stabilized Two-Coordinate Phosphorus(III)-Centered Dication. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Tay MQY, Lu Y, Ganguly R, Vidović D. A Carbone-Stabilized Two-Coordinate Phosphorus(III)-Centered Dication. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3132-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Gaillard S, Renaud JL. When phosphorus and NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) meet each other. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:7255-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Maaliki C, Lepetit C, Duhayon C, Canac Y, Chauvin R. Carbene-Stabilized Phosphenium Oxides and Sulfides. Chemistry 2012; 18:16153-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Hendsbee AD, Giffin NA, Zhang Y, Pye CC, Masuda JD. Lewis Base Stabilized Oxophosphonium Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Hendsbee AD, Giffin NA, Zhang Y, Pye CC, Masuda JD. Lewis Base Stabilized Oxophosphonium Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10836-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Maaliki C, Lepetit C, Canac Y, Bijani C, Duhayon C, Chauvin R. On the P-Coordinating Limit of NHC-Phosphenium Cations toward RhICenters. Chemistry 2012; 18:7705-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201104046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Ruiz J, Mesa AF. A 4,5-Diphosphino-Substituted Imidazolium Salt: A Building Block for the Modular Synthesis of Mixed Diphosphine-NHC Heterometallic Complexes. Chemistry 2012; 18:4485-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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West JK, Stahl L. Insertions of Cyclic and Acyclic Germanium and Tin Heterocarbenoids into Phosphorus–Chlorine Bonds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactivities. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K. West
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks,
North Dakota 58202-9024 United States
| | - Lothar Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks,
North Dakota 58202-9024 United States
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37
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Slattery JM, Hussein S. How Lewis acidic is your cation? Putting phosphenium ions on the fluoride ion affinity scale. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:1808-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11636c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Canac Y, Maaliki C, Abdellah I, Chauvin R. Carbeniophosphanes and their carbon → phosphorus → metal ternary complexes. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20808j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Petuškova J, Bruns H, Alcarazo M. Cyclopropenylylidene-Stabilized Diaryl and Dialkyl Phosphenium Cations: Applications in Homogeneous Gold Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3799-802. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Petuškova J, Bruns H, Alcarazo M. Cyclopropenylyliden-stabilisierte Di(aryl/alkyl)phospheniumkationen: Anwendungen in der homogenen Gold-Katalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Gudat D. Diazaphospholenes: N-heterocyclic phosphines between molecules and Lewis pairs. Acc Chem Res 2010; 43:1307-16. [PMID: 20572668 DOI: 10.1021/ar100041j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interest in geometrically distorted or electronically polarized molecules is often motivated by the realization that unusual structures can engender unprecedented physical or chemical properties. 1,3,2-Diazaphospholenes are N-heterocyclic phosphines (NHPs) that have ring structures similar to N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). Although NHPs were initially mainly of interest as precursors for carbene-analogous phosphenium cations, it was noted that they exhibit quite peculiar structural features and remarkable chemical behavior on their own. In this Account, we discuss both structure and chemistry in connection with the special bonding situation that is characterized by significant n(N)-σ*(P-X) hyperconjugation and induces a strong ionic polarization of the P-X bonds. This induced polarization is surprisingly maintained even when P and X have similar or like electronegativities (for example, X = H, P) and offers the possibility to design compounds with polarized homonuclear bonds. An exemption from the general pattern was only noted for some P-amino-NHPs in which reverse hyperconjugation weakens endocyclic P-N bonds and was predicted to facilitate ring fragmentation and formation of phosphinidenes. An important corollary of the P-X bond polarization in NHPs is a unique bond lengthening, which not only can be fine-tuned by adjusting intramolecular steric and electronic interactions but also responds to intermolecular influences and solvent effects. Insight from crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational studies allows the development of concepts for controlled manipulation of the bonding, up to a point where P-X bonds are dominated by electrostatic interactions and species behave as Lewis pairs rather than covalent molecules. An appealing aspect lies in the fact that this P-X bond polarization induces reactivities that have hardly any precedence in phosphine chemistry. Examples include (i) reactions of P-hydrogen-substituted NHPs as hydride transfer reagents, (ii) metatheses and additions to multiple bonds (diphosphination) of phosphino-NHPs, which can be used to catalyze P-C cross-coupling reactions and to synthesize 1,2-bisphosphine ligands, (iii) cyclopentadienyl (Cp) transfer reactions of P-Cp-NHPs, and (iv) metal insertion into the P-X bonds of P-halogeno-NHPs. In many aspects, these reactions have potentially useful mechanistic or synthetic implications, and their future exploitation might help to convert NHPs from academically interesting species into useful reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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42
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Abdellah I, Lepetit C, Canac Y, Duhayon C, Chauvin R. Imidazoliophosphines are True N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Phosphenium Adducts. Chemistry 2010; 16:13095-108. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Fischer RC, Power PP. π-Bonding and the Lone Pair Effect in Multiple Bonds Involving Heavier Main Group Elements: Developments in the New Millennium. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3877-923. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100133q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 894] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland C. Fischer
- Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, A-8010, Graz, Austria, and University of California, Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Philip P. Power
- Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, A-8010, Graz, Austria, and University of California, Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
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44
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Jansen H, Läng F, Slootweg J, Ehlers A, Lutz M, Lammertsma K, Grützmacher H. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Stabilized Phosphiranylium Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Jansen H, Läng F, Slootweg J, Ehlers A, Lutz M, Lammertsma K, Grützmacher H. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Stabilized Phosphiranylium Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5485-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Saleh S, Fayad E, Azouri M, Hierso JC, Andrieu J, Picquet M. Donor-Stabilized Phosphenium Adducts as New Efficient and Immobilizing Ligands in Palladium-Catalyzed Alkynylation and Platinum-Catalyzed Hydrogenation in Ionic Liquids. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Le TD, Arquier D, Miqueu K, Sotiropoulos JM, Coppel Y, Bastin S, Igau A. Unprecedented rearrangement during the formation of P–P homoatomic N-phosphino formamidine complexes. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Azouri M, Andrieu J, Picquet M, Cattey H. Synthesis of New Cationic Donor-Stabilized Phosphenium Adducts and Their Unexpected P-Substituent Exchange Reactions. Inorg Chem 2008; 48:1236-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ic801870w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Azouri
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)-UMR 5260 CNRS 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Jacques Andrieu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)-UMR 5260 CNRS 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Michel Picquet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)-UMR 5260 CNRS 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Cattey
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)-UMR 5260 CNRS 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon, France
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49
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50
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Azouri M, Andrieu J, Picquet M, Richard P, Hanquet B, Tkatchenko I. Straightforward Synthesis of Donor-Stabilised Phosphenium Adducts from Imidazolium-2-carboxylate and Their Electronic Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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