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Joseph J, Lourenço LMO, Tomé JPC, Torres T, Guldi DM. Unique multiphthalocyanine coordination systems: vibrationally hot excited states and charge transfer states that power high energy triplet charge separated states. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13155-13165. [PMID: 36048027 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the molecular architecture of well-organized organic building blocks and linking their functionalities with the impact of solar-light converting systems constitutes a grand challenge in materials science. Strong absorption cross-sections across the visible range of the solar spectrum as well as a finely balanced energy- and redox-gradient are all important features that pave the way for either funneling excited state energy or transducing charges. In light of this, we used thiopyridyl-phthalocyanines (PcSPy) and ruthenium (tert-butyl)-phthalocyanines (RuPc) as versatile building blocks and demonstrated the realization of a family of multi-functional PcSPy-RuPc 1-4 by means of axial coordination. Sizeable electronic couplings between the electron donors and acceptors in PcSPy-RuPc 1-4 govern ground-state as well as excited-state reactivity. Time-resolved techniques, in general, and fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, in particular, helped to corroborate a rapid charge separation next to a slow charge recombination. Key to these charge transfer characteristics are higher lying, vibrationally hot states of the singlet excited states in parallel with a charge transfer state and the presence of several heavy atom effects that are provided by ruthenium and sulfur. As such, our advanced investigations confirm that rapid charge separation evolves from both higher lying, vibrationally hot states as well as from a charge transfer state, populating charge separated states, whose energies exceed those of the singlet excited states. Charge recombination involves triplet rather than singlet charge separated states, which delays the charge recombination by one order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Leandro M O Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João P C Tomé
- CQE, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday, 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Zaitseva SV, Yu. Tyulyaeva E, Tyurin DV, Zdanovich SA, Koifman OI. Easy access to powerful ruthenium phthalocyanine high-oxidized species. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Sugimoto H, Hasebe H, Furuyama T, Fujii M. Direct Excitation of Triplet State of Molecule by Enhanced Magnetic Field of Dielectric Metasurfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104458. [PMID: 34643043 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient excitation of a triplet (T1 ) state of a molecule has far-reaching effects on photochemical reaction and energy conversion systems. Because the optical transition from a ground singlet (S0 ) to a T1 state is spin-forbidden, a T1 state is generated via intersystem crossing (ISC) from an excited singlet (S1 ) state. Although the excitation efficiency of a T1 state can be increased by enhancing ISC utilizing a heavy atom effect, energy loss during S1 →T1 relaxation is inevitable. Here, a general approach to directly excite a T1 state from a ground S0 state via magnetic dipole transition, which is boosted by enhanced magnetic field induced by a dielectric metasurface, is proposed. As a dielectric metasurface, a hexagonal array of silicon (Si) nanodisks is employed; the nanodisk array induces a strongly enhanced magnetic field on the surface due to the toroidal dipole (TD) resonance. A proof-of-concept experiment is performed using ruthenium (Ru) complexes placed on a metasurface and demonstrates that the phosphorescence is 35-fold enhanced on a metasurface when the TD resonance is tuned to the wavelength of the direct S0 →T1 transition. These results indicate that photon energy necessary to excite the T1 state can be reduced by more than 400 meV compared to the process involving the ISC. By combining optical measurements with numerical simulations, the mechanism of the phosphorescence enhancement is quantitatively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sugimoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hasebe
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- JST-PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujii
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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Martins TJ, Negri LB, Pernomian L, Faial KDCF, Xue C, Akhimie RN, Hamblin MR, Turro C, da Silva RS. The Influence of Some Axial Ligands on Ruthenium-Phthalocyanine Complexes: Chemical, Photochemical, and Photobiological Properties. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:595830. [PMID: 33511155 PMCID: PMC7835839 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.595830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a new procedure to synthesize ruthenium–phthalocyanine complexes and uses diverse spectroscopic techniques to characterize trans-[RuCl(Pc)DMSO] (I) (Pc = phthalocyanine) and trans-[Ru(Pc)(4-ampy)2] (II) (4-ampy = 4-aminopyridine). The triplet excited-state lifetimes of (I) measured by nanosecond transient absorption showed that two processes occurred, one around 15 ns and the other around 3.8 μs. Axial ligands seemed to affect the singlet oxygen quantum yield. Yields of 0.62 and 0.14 were achieved for (I) and (II), respectively. The lower value obtained for (II) probably resulted from secondary reactions of singlet oxygen in the presence of the ruthenium complex. We also investigate how axial ligands in the ruthenium–phthalocyanine complexes affect their photo-bioactivity in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. In the case of (I) at 1 μmol/L, photosensitization with 5.95 J/cm2 provided B16F10 cell viability of 6%, showing that (I) was more active than (II) at the same concentration. Furthermore, (II) was detected intracellularly in B16F10 cell extracts. The behavior of the evaluated ruthenium–phthalocyanine complexes point to the potential use of (I) as a metal-based drug in clinical therapy. Changes in axial ligands can modulate the photosensitizer activity of the ruthenium phthalocyanine complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia Joi Martins
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Laisa Bonafim Negri
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laena Pernomian
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Congcong Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Regina N Akhimie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Roberto S da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Negri LB, Martins TJ, da Silva RS, Hamblin MR. Photobiomodulation combined with photodynamic therapy using ruthenium phthalocyanine complexes in A375 melanoma cells: Effects of nitric oxide generation and ATP production. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 198:111564. [PMID: 31382090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Light irradiation has been used in clinical therapy for several decades. In this context, photobiomodulation (PBM) modulates signaling pathways via ROS, ATP, Ca2+, while photodynamic therapy (PDT) generates reactive oxygen species by excitation of a photosensitizer. NO generation could be an important tool when combined with both kinds of light therapy. By using a metal-based compound, we found that PBM combined with PDT could be a beneficial cancer treatment option. We used two types of ruthenium compounds, ([Ru(Pc)], Pc = phthalocyanine) and trans-[Ru(NO)(NO2)(Pc)]. The UV-vis spectra of both complexes displayed a band in the 660 nm region. In the case of 0.5 μM trans-[Ru(NO)(NO2)(Pc)], light irradiation at the Q-band reduced the percentage of viable human melanoma (A375) cells to around 50% as compared to [Ru(Pc)]. We hypothesized that these results were due to a synergistic effect between singlet oxygen and nitric oxide. Similar experiments performed with PDT (660 nm) combined with PBM (850 nm) induced more photocytotoxicity using both [Ru(Pc)] and trans-[Ru(NO)(NO2)(Pc)]. This was interpreted as PBM increasing cell metabolism (ATP production) and the consequent higher uptake of the ruthenium phthalocyanine compounds and more efficient apoptosis. The use of metal-based photosensitizers combined with light therapy may represent an advance in the field of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa Bonafim Negri
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Cafe s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tassia Joi Martins
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Santana da Silva
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Cafe s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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6
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Ehamparam R, Oquendo LE, Liao MW, Brynnel AK, Ou KL, Armstrong NR, McGrath DV, Saavedra SS. Axially Bound Ruthenium Phthalocyanine Monolayers on Indium Tin Oxide: Structure, Energetics, and Charge Transfer Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29213-29223. [PMID: 28795562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of charge collection at the organic/transparent conducting oxide (TCO) interface in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices affects overall device efficiency. Modifying the TCO with an electrochemically active molecule may enhance OPV efficiency by providing a charge-transfer pathway between the electrode and the organic active layer, and may also mitigate surface recombination. The synthesis and characterization of phosphonic acid-ruthenium phthalocyanine (RuPcPA) monolayer films on indium tin oxide (ITO), designed to facilitate charge harvesting at ITO electrodes, is presented in this work. The PA group was installed axially relative to the Pc plane so that upon deposition, RuPcPA molecules were preferentially aligned with the ITO surface plane. The tilt angle of 22° between the normal axes to the Pc plane and the ITO surface plane, measured by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy, is consistent with a predominately in-plane orientation. The effect of surface roughness on RuPcPA orientation was modeled, and a correlation was obtained between experimental and theoretical mean tilt angles. Based on electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies, RuPcPA monolayers are composed predominately of monomers. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potential modulated-ATR (PM-ATR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the electron-transfer (ET) kinetics of these monolayers. A rate constant of 4.0 × 103 s-1 was measured using EIS, consistent with a short tunneling distance between the chromophore and the electrode surface. Using PM-ATR, ks,opt values of 2.2 × 103 and 2.4 × 103 s-1 were measured using TE and TM polarized light, respectively; the similarity of these values is consistent with a narrow molecular orientation distribution and narrow range of tunneling distances. The ionization potential of RuPcPA-modified ITO was measured using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and the results indicate favorable energetics for hole collection at the RuPcPA/ITO interface, indicating that this type of TCO modification may be useful for enhancing charge collection efficiency in OPV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanan Ehamparam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Luis E Oquendo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Michael W Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ambjorn K Brynnel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kai-Lin Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Neal R Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Dominic V McGrath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - S Scott Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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7
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Kar N, Singh M, Lal R. Synthesis and spectral studies on monometallic ruthenium (III) complexes of N -(2-hydroxysalicyliden-1-yl)methylenebenzoylhydrazide. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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8
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Das B, Ezzedinloo L, Bhadbhade M, Bucknall MP, Colbran SB. Strategic design of a ruthenium catalyst for both CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation: the electronic influence of the co-ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10006-10009. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06294j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new ruthenium(ii) complex capable of catalysing both CO2 reduction and water oxidation was designed and synthesised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Das
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Lida Ezzedinloo
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Martin P. Bucknall
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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9
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Song LC, Luo FX, Liu BB, Gu ZC, Tan H. Novel Ruthenium Phthalocyanine-Containing Model Complex for the Active Site of [FeFe]-Hydrogenases: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Catalytic H2 Evolution. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Cheng Song
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
(Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fei-Xian Luo
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
(Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bei-Bei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
(Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhen-Chao Gu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
(Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao Tan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, and ‡Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
(Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Martynov AG, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY. Crown-substituted phthalocyanines—components of molecular ionoelectronic materials and devices. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023614140046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Zhang MJ, Lv JY, Pan QJ, Guo YR. Electronic, photophysical and redox properties of tetrapyrrolic ruthenium(II) isothiocyanato complexes and their carboxylic anchors’ effect: an implication for dye-sensitized solar cells. Theor Chem Acc 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-014-1582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kabay N, Söyleyici S, Gök Y. A Macrobicyclic Substituted Phthalocyanine. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2014.866473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Gupta RK, Pandey R, Kumar A, Ramanujachary K, Lofland SE, Pandey DS. Structural diversity in heteroleptic dipyrrinato copper(II) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Huang JS, Wong KM, Chan SLF, Tso KCH, Jiang T, Che CM. Ketimido Metallophthalocyanines: An Approach to Phthalocyanine-Supported Mononuclear High-Valent Ruthenium Complexes. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:338-50. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Tong B, Yang H, Xiong W, Xie F, Shi J, Zhi J, Chan WK, Dong Y. Controlled Fabrication and Optoelectrical Properties of Metallosupramolecular Films Based on Ruthenium(II) Phthalocyanines and 4,4′-Bipyridine Covalently Anchored on Inorganic Substrates. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:5338-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312714x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wai Kin Chan
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Bartelmess J, Weare WW, Latortue N, Duong C, Jones DS. meso-Pyridyl BODIPYs with tunable chemical, optical and electrochemical properties. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00426k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Krompiec M, Krompiec S, Grudzka I, Filapek M, Skórka Ł, Flak T, Łapkowski M. A cross-linked conjugated metallopolymer comprised of bisaxially coordinated ruthenium tetra-t-butyl phthalocyanine connected by quaterthiophene linkers. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Kimura T, Iwama T, Namauo T, Suzuki E, Fukuda T, Kobayashi N, Sasamori T, Tokitoh N. Preparation and Characterization of Nonclassical Tetraazaporphyrin, Bis(4-methylpyridine)[1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octaphenyltetra(3,4-thieno)tetraazaporphyrinato]ruthenium(II). Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201001094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rawling T, Austin CE, Zareie HM, McDonagh AM. Thin films of a dimeric ruthenium phthalocyanine complex on gold. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Plonska-Brzezinska ME, Athans AJ, Carbonell E, de Miguel G, Guldi DM, Echegoyen L, Torres T. Synthesis, characterization, and photoinduced electron transfer processes of orthogonal ruthenium phthalocyanine-fullerene assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:10484-96. [PMID: 19722625 DOI: 10.1021/ja902471w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The convergent synthesis, electrochemical characterization, and photophysical studies of phthalocyanine-fullerene hybrids 3-5 bearing an orthogonal geometry (Chart ) are reported. These donor-acceptor arrays have been assembled through metal coordination of linear fullerene mono- and bispyridyl ligands to ruthenium(II) phthalocyanines. The hybrid [Ru(CO)(C(60)Py)Pc] (3) and the triad [Ru(2)(CO)(2)(C(60)Py(2))Pc(2)] (5) were prepared by treatment of the phthalocyanine 6 with the mono- and hexakis-substituted C(60)-pyridyl ligands 1 and 2, respectively. The triad [Ru(C(60)Py)(2)Pc] (4) was prepared in a similar manner from the monosubstituted C(60)-pyridyl ligand 1 and the phthalocyanine precursor 7. The simplicity of this versatile synthetic approach allows to determine the influence of the donor and acceptor ratio in the radical ion pair state lifetime. The chemical, electrochemical, and photophysical characterization of the phthalocyanine-fullerene hybrids 3-5 was conducted using (1)H and (13)C NMR, UV/vis, and IR spectroscopies, as well as mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, femtosecond transient absorption studies, and nanosecond laser flash photolysis experiments. Arrays 3-5 exhibit electronic coupling between the two electroactive components in the ground state, which is modulated by the axial CO and 4-pyridylfulleropyrrolidine ligands. With respect to the excited state, we have demonstrated that RuPc/C(60) electron donor-acceptor hybrids are a versatile platform to fine-tune the outcome and dynamics of charge transfer processes. The use of ruthenium(II) phthalocyanines instead of the corresponding zinc(II) complexes allows the suppression of energy wasting and unwanted charge recombination, affording radical ion pair state lifetimes on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds for the C(60)-monoadduct-based complexes 3 and 4. For the hexakis-substituted C(60) unit 2, the reduction potential is shifted cathodically, thus raising the radical ion pair state energy. However, the location of the RuPc triplet excited state is not high enough, and still offers a rapid deactivation of the radical ion pair state.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (C-I), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Zhao W, Tong B, Pan Y, Shen J, Zhi J, Shi J, Dong Y. Fabrication, electrochemical, and optoelectronic properties of layer-by-layer films based on (phthalocyaninato)ruthenium(II) and triruthenium dodecacarbonyl bridged by 4,4'-bipyridine as ligand. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:11796-11801. [PMID: 19505093 DOI: 10.1021/la901427j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
4-(2-(4-pyridinyl)ethynyl)benzenic diazonium salt (PBD) was synthesized and used to modify the substrate by self-assembly (SA) technique. Following decomposition of the diazonium group in PBD under UV irradiation, the ionic bonds between the diazonium salt and substrate are converted to covalent bonds. The PBD monolayer film anchored on substrates is very stable. Furthermore, the layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembled films of bis(4,4'-bipyridine)(phthalocyaninato)ruthenium(II) (RuPc(bipy)2, BPR) and triruthenium dodecacarbonyl (Ru3(CO)12, TRDC) were fabricated on the PBD-modified substrates and characterized using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electrochemistry. The UV-vis analysis results indicate that the LBL TRDC-BPR self-assembled multilayer films with axial ligands between ruthenium atoms and pyridine groups were successfully fabricated and the progressive assembly runs regularly with almost equal amounts of deposition in each cycle. The AFM images of the seven-bilayer TRDC-BPR film on silicon wafer showed round-shaped small domains with sizes of 30-40 nm. The values of the energy band gap (Eg), the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of six-bilayer TRDC-BPR on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass slides were measured using the UV-vis absorption spectrum and a cyclic voltammogram with values of 1.8, -5.0, and -3.2 eV, respectively. Under illumination, the self-assembled film on ITO showed effective photoinduced charge transfer and changed the current density. As the number of bilayers was increased, the photocurrent increased and reached its maximum value (approximately 150 nA/cm2) at six bilayers. A further increase in the number of bilayers led to a decrease in current due to the increase in cell resistance. The results allow us to design new materials with higher performance for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100081, China
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Brumbach MT, Boal AK, Wheeler DR. Metalloporphyrin assemblies on pyridine-functionalized titanium dioxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:10685-10690. [PMID: 19678616 DOI: 10.1021/la901130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin adsorption on TiO2 nanoparticles has been achieved for multiple porphyrins, and in mixed porphyrin assemblies, via axial ligation to surface-bound pyridine anchored by either para carboxylic or phosphonic functionalizations. Homogenous assemblies were prepared and characterized, while mixed metalloporphyrin assemblies were demonstrated by controlling the concentration ratios of respective porphyrins in the modifying solution. Evaluation of the assemblies using spectroscopic techniques and electrochemistry confirms high porphyrin retention, while exhibiting their surface bound optical and electrochemical properties. A thorough study is discussed where several metalloporphyrins have been evaluated (Ru(CO)OEP, Ru(CO)TPP, and ZnTPP) for relative comparisons and relationships to pyridyl axial binding strengths. The systematic study evaluates multiple background cases using either H2TPP, TiO2 modification with benzoic acid, or unmodified TiO2 to confirm the high affinity of Ru and Zn porphyrins for surface-anchored pyridyl sites. The simple method of step-by-step coordinative anchoring of porphyrins to TiO2 using small, commercially available molecules is highly adaptable for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) where intimate contact between the absorbing dye and the semiconductor is required. DSSC devices with novel mixed porphyrin assemblies were shown to give higher power performance than DSSCs utilizing sensitization with only one type of porphyrin.
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Yadav M, Singh AK, Pandey DS. First Examples of Heteroleptic Dipyrrin/η5-Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Rhodium/Iridium(III) Complexes and Their Catalytic Activity. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900349v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005 (U.P.), India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005 (U.P.), India
| | - Daya Shankar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005 (U.P.), India
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Yadav M, Singh AK, Maiti B, Pandey DS. Heteroleptic Arene Ruthenium Complexes Based on meso-Substituted Dipyrrins: Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity, and Electrochemical Studies. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:7593-603. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005 (U.P.), India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005 (U.P.), India
| | - Biswajit Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005 (U.P.), India
| | - Daya Shankar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005 (U.P.), India
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Fischer MKR, López-Duarte I, Wienk MM, Martínez-Díaz MV, Janssen RAJ, Bäuerle P, Torres T. Functionalized Dendritic Oligothiophenes: Ruthenium Phthalocyanine Complexes and Their Application in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8669-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ja901537d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus K. R. Fischer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Spain, and Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Ismael López-Duarte
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Spain, and Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Spain, and Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - M. Victoria Martínez-Díaz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Spain, and Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Spain, and Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Spain, and Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Tomás Torres
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Spain, and Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Morisue M, Kameyama K, Kobuke Y. Electrochemical Oxidation Properties of Tetrakis(tert-butyl)phthalocyaninatozinc(II) in Non-Aqueous Media: A Reinvestigation into the Effects of Stacking, Axial Coordination, and Solvent. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Singh MK, Kar NK, Lal RA. Synthesis and structural characterization of manganese(III, IV) and ruthenium(III) complexes derived from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehydebenzoylhydrazone. J COORD CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970802676649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh K. Singh
- a Department of Chemistry , Tripura University , Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Nirmal K. Kar
- a Department of Chemistry , Tripura University , Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Ram A. Lal
- b Department of Chemistry , North-Eastern Hill University , Shillong, Meghalaya, India
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Rawling T, Austin C, Buchholz F, Colbran SB, McDonagh AM. Ruthenium Phthalocyanine-Bipyridyl Dyads as Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Dye Coverage versus Molecular Efficiency. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:3215-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ic802087n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Rawling
- Institute for Nanoscale Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia, and School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christine Austin
- Institute for Nanoscale Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia, and School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Florian Buchholz
- Institute for Nanoscale Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia, and School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen B. Colbran
- Institute for Nanoscale Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia, and School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew M. McDonagh
- Institute for Nanoscale Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia, and School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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Morandeira A, López-Duarte I, O'Regan B, Martínez-Díaz MV, Forneli A, Palomares E, Torres T, Durrant JR. Ru(II)-phthalocyanine sensitized solar cells: the influence of co-adsorbents upon interfacial electron transfer kinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b904179f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yadav M, Kumar P, Singh AK, Ribas J, Pandey DS. First examples of homo-/heteroleptic bi-/tri-nuclear complexes containing 5-ferrocenyldipyrromethene. Dalton Trans 2009:9929-34. [DOI: 10.1039/b914215k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Planells M, Torres T, Ballester P, Palomares E. A colorimetric molecular probe for Cu(ii) ions based on the redox properties of Ru(ii) phthalocyanines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b712004d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Synthesis, electrochemistry and spectroscopic properties of ruthenium phthalocyanine and naphthalocyanine complexes with triphenylarsine ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2007.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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