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Abdullin D, Hett T, Fleck N, Kopp K, Cassidy S, Richert S, Schiemann O. Magneto-Structural Correlations in a Mixed Porphyrin(Cu 2+ )/Trityl Spin System: Magnitude, Sign, and Distribution of the Exchange Coupling Constant. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203148. [PMID: 36519664 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tetrathiatriarylmethyl radicals (TAM or trityl) are receiving increasing attention in various fields of magnetic resonance such as imaging, dynamic nuclear polarization, spin labeling, and, more recently, molecular magnetism and quantum information technology. Here, a trityl radical attached via a phenyl bridge to a copper(II)tetraphenylporphyrin was synthesized, and its magnetic properties studied by multi-frequency continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. EPR revealed that the electron spin-spin coupling constant J between the trityl and Cu2+ spin centers is ferromagnetic with a magnitude of -2.3 GHz (-0.077 cm-1 , + J S → 1 S → 2 ${+J{\vec{S}}_{1}{\vec{S}}_{2}}$ convention) and a distribution width of 1.2 GHz (0.040 cm-1 ). With the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the obtained ferromagnetic exchange coupling, which is unusual for para-substituted phenyl-bridged biradicals, could be related to the almost perpendicular orientation of the phenyl linker with respect to the porphyrin and trityl ring planes in the energy minimum, while the J distribution was rationalized by the temperature weighted rotation of the phenyl bridge about the molecular axis connecting both spin centers. This study exemplifies the importance of molecular dynamics for the homogeneity (or heterogeneity) of the magnetic properties of trityl-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinar Abdullin
- Clausius-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Hett
- Clausius-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nico Fleck
- Clausius-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany.,Merck KGaA, Q20/001, Frankfurterstr. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kevin Kopp
- Clausius-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Cassidy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Sabine Richert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olav Schiemann
- Clausius-Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 761001, Rehovot, Israel
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2
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Toganoh M, Furuta H. Creation from Confusion and Fusion in the Porphyrin World─The Last Three Decades of N-Confused Porphyrinoid Chemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8313-8437. [PMID: 35230807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Confusion is a novel concept of isomerism in porphyrin chemistry, delivering a steady stream of new chemistry since the discovery of N-confused porphyrin, a porphyrin mutant, in 1994. These days, the number of confused porphyrinoids is increasing, and confusion and associated fusion are found in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry, biological chemistry, and catalysts. In this review, the birth and growth of confused porphyrinoids in the last three decades are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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3
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Matsuoka I, Kurahashi T, Matsubara S. Cu(II) Porphyrin-catalyzed Coupling of Alkyl Tosylates and Grignard Reagents. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iori Matsuoka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurahashi
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seijiro Matsubara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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4
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Zuin Fantoni N, Molphy Z, Slator C, Menounou G, Toniolo G, Mitrikas G, McKee V, Chatgilialoglu C, Kellett A. Polypyridyl‐Based Copper Phenanthrene Complexes: A New Type of Stabilized Artificial Chemical Nuclease. Chemistry 2018; 25:221-237. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoló Zuin Fantoni
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular, BiotechnologyDublin City University 9 Glasnevin, Dublin Ireland
| | - Zara Molphy
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular, BiotechnologyDublin City University 9 Glasnevin, Dublin Ireland
| | - Creina Slator
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular, BiotechnologyDublin City University 9 Glasnevin, Dublin Ireland
| | - Georgia Menounou
- ISOF-CNR Area della Ricerca di Bologna Via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Gianluca Toniolo
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. Demokritos Agia Paraskevi Attikis P.O. Box 60037, 15341 Athens Greece
| | - George Mitrikas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. Demokritos Agia Paraskevi Attikis P.O. Box 60037, 15341 Athens Greece
| | - Vickie McKee
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular, BiotechnologyDublin City University 9 Glasnevin, Dublin Ireland
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 5230 Odense M Denmark
| | - Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- ISOF-CNR Area della Ricerca di Bologna Via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. Demokritos Agia Paraskevi Attikis P.O. Box 60037, 15341 Athens Greece
| | - Andrew Kellett
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular, BiotechnologyDublin City University 9 Glasnevin, Dublin Ireland
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5
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Lada ZG, Sanakis Y, Raptopoulou CP, Psycharis V, Perlepes SP, Mitrikas G. Probing the electronic structure of a copper(ii) complex by CW- and pulse-EPR spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01785e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure of a mononuclear octahedral copper(ii) complex has been studied using CW EPR spectroscopy and other advanced methods including Davies ENDOR and HYSCORE (1H and 13C) spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi G. Lada
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT)
- 26504 Patras
- Greece
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yiannis Sanakis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- NCSR “Demokritos”
- 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi Attikis
- Greece
| | - Catherine P. Raptopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- NCSR “Demokritos”
- 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi Attikis
- Greece
| | - Vassilis Psycharis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- NCSR “Demokritos”
- 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi Attikis
- Greece
| | - Spyros P. Perlepes
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT)
- 26504 Patras
- Greece
- Department of Chemistry
| | - George Mitrikas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- NCSR “Demokritos”
- 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi Attikis
- Greece
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6
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Sterckx H, De Houwer J, Mensch C, Caretti I, Tehrani KA, Herrebout WA, Van Doorslaer S, Maes BUW. Mechanism of the Cu II-catalyzed benzylic oxygenation of (aryl)(heteroaryl)methanes with oxygen. Chem Sci 2016; 7:346-357. [PMID: 29861987 PMCID: PMC5952523 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03530a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic study of the copper-catalyzed oxidation of the methylene group of aryl(di)azinylmethanes was performed. Initial reaction rates were measured making use of in situ IR reaction monitoring and a kinetic analysis of the reaction was executed. The reaction proved to be first order in oxygen concentration. For substrate and acid concentration, saturation kinetics due to O2 mass transfer limitation were observed. The occurrence of mass transfer limitation was further confirmed by examining the effect of the stirring rate on the initial reaction rate. Interestingly, the effect of the concentration of the catalyst on the rate shows that higher loadings result in a maximal initial rate, followed initially by a steady decrease and subsequently a rate plateau when the concentration is increased further. Mass transfer limitation and increased concentration of dinuclear catalytically active species rationalizes this hitherto unprecedented rate behavior. Continuous-wave and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance methods were used to characterize the catalytic species present in the solution during the reaction and confirmed the presence of both mono- and dinuclear copper species. Analysis of a diverse substrate scope points towards imine-enamine tautomerization as a crucial process in the oxidation reaction. DFT calculations of these equilibrium constants (pKeq) provided us with a qualitative tool to predict whether or not a substrate is viable for oxidation under the reaction conditions developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Sterckx
- Department of Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium .
| | - Johan De Houwer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium .
| | - Carl Mensch
- Department of Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium .
| | - Ignacio Caretti
- Department of Physics , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , B-2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | | | - Wouter A Herrebout
- Department of Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium .
| | - Sabine Van Doorslaer
- Department of Physics , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , B-2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium .
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7
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Pincerlike Cyclic Systems for Unraveling Fundamental Coinage Metal Redox Processes. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2015_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Carter E, Hazeland EL, Murphy DM, Ward BD. Structure, EPR/ENDOR and DFT characterisation of a [Cu(II)(en)2](OTf)2 complex. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:15088-96. [PMID: 24000097 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Jahn-Teller distorted Cu(II) complex [Cu(en)2](OTf)2 1 (en = 1,2-diaminoethane) has been reported and characterised using X-ray crystallography, EPR and ENDOR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. The solid state structure shows an intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen-bonded network via the N-H groups and the coordinated triflate anions. CW and pulsed EPR/ENDOR were used to determine the spin Hamiltonian parameters of the Cu(II) complex, which were in excellent agreement with the DFT. The structure of the complex, as determined by angular selective ENDOR, is also in good agreement with the crystal structure, confirming the axial coordination of the counter-ion(s) in the frozen solution. The small (14)N superhyperfine couplings are also consistent with the sp(3) hybridised nature of the coordinating nitrogens. These results show that the correlation between the (14)N hyperfine coupling and hybridisation of donor nitrogens can be useful to determine not only the coordination around the Cu(ii) metal centre but also the nature of the donor in unknown Cu(II) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Carter
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
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9
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Mot AC, Syrbu SA, Makarov SV, Damian G, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R. Axial ligation in water-soluble copper porphyrinates: contrasts between EPR and UV–vis. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2011.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Toganoh M, Furuta H. Blooming of confused porphyrinoids—fusion, expansion, contraction, and more confusion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:937-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14633e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Whyte AM, Roach B, Henderson DK, Tasker PA, Matsushita MM, Awaga K, White FJ, Richardson P, Robertson N. Structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of phenolic oxime complexes of Cu and Ni. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:12867-76. [PMID: 22098459 DOI: 10.1021/ic2020644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Square planar complexes of the type Ni(L(1))(2), Ni(L(2))(2), Cu(L(1))(2), and Cu(L(2))(2), where L(1)H = 2-hydroxy-5-t-octylacetophenone oxime and L(2)H = 2-hydroxy-5-n-propylacetophenone oxime, have been prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, UV/vis spectroscopy, field-effect-transistor measurements, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations, and, in the case of the paramagnetic species, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetic susceptibility. Variation of alkyl groups on the ligand from t-octyl to n-propyl enabled electronic isolation of the complexes in the crystal structures of M(L(1))(2) contrasting with π-stacking interactions for M(L(2))(2) (M = Ni, Cu). This was evidenced by a one-dimensional antiferromagnetic chain for Cu(L(2))(2) but ideal paramagnetic behavior for Cu(L(1))(2) down to 1.8 K. Despite isostructural single crystal structures for M(L(2))(2), thin-film X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed different morphologies depending on the metal and the deposition method (vapor or solution). The Cu complexes displayed limited electronic interaction between the central metal and the delocalized ligands, with more mixing in the case of Ni(II), as shown by electrochemistry and UV/vis spectroscopy. The complexes M(L(2))(2) showed poor charge transport in a field-effect transistor (FET) device despite the ability to form π-stacking structures, and this provides design insights for metal complexes to be used in conductive thin-film devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Whyte
- School of Chemistry and EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JJ, UK
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12
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Nieves-Bernier EJ, Diers JR, Taniguchi M, Holten D, Bocian DF, Lindsey JS. Probing the rate of hole transfer in oxidized synthetic chlorin dyads via site-specific (13)C-labeling. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3193-202. [PMID: 20429592 DOI: 10.1021/jo100527h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding electronic communication among interacting constituents of multicomponent molecular architectures is important for rational design in diverse fields including artificial photosynthesis and molecular electronics. One strategy for examining ground-state hole/electron transfer in an oxidized tetrapyrrolic array relies on analysis of the hyperfine interactions observed in the EPR spectrum of the pi-cation radical. This strategy has been previously employed to probe the hole/electron-transfer process in oxidized multiporphyrin arrays of normal isotopic composition, wherein (1)H and (14)N serve as the hyperfine "clocks", and in arrays containing site-specific (13)C-labels, which serve as additional hyperfine clocks. Herein, the hyperfine-clock strategy is applied to dyads of dihydroporphyrins (chlorins). Chlorins are more closely related structurally to chlorophylls than are porphyrins. A de novo synthetic strategy has been employed to introduce a (13)C label at the 19-position of the chlorin macrocycle, which is a site of large electron/hole density and is accessible synthetically beginning with (13)C-nitromethane. The resulting singly (13)C-labeled chlorin was coupled with an unlabeled chlorin to give a dyad wherein a diphenylethyne linker spans the 10-positions of the two zinc chlorins. EPR studies of the monocations of both the natural abundance and (13)C-labeled zinc chlorin dyads and benchmark zinc chlorin monomers reveal that the time scale for hole/electron transfer is in the 4-7 ns range, which is 5-10-fold longer than that in analogous porphyrin arrays. The slower hole/electron transfer rate observed for the chlorin versus porphyrin dyads is attributed to the fact that the HOMO is a(1u)-like for the chlorins versus a(2u)-like for the porphyrins; the a(1u)-like orbital exhibits little (or no) electron/hole density at the site of linker attachment whereas the a(2u)-like orbital exhibits significant electron/hole density at this site. Collectively, the studies of the chlorin and porphyrin dyads provide insights into the structural features that influence the hole/electron-transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías J Nieves-Bernier
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
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Caretti I, Dervaux B, Du Prez FE, Van Doorslaer S. The nature of Cu(II) species in ATRP: New insights via EPR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Cuesta L, Karnas E, Lynch VM, Chen P, Shen J, Kadish KM, Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S, Sessler JL. Metalloporphycenes: Synthesis and Characterization of (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium Sitting-Atop and π-Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13538-47. [DOI: 10.1021/ja905284d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cuesta
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Karnas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Muresan AZ, Thamyongkit P, Diers JR, Holten D, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF. Regiospecifically α-13C-Labeled Porphyrins for Studies of Ground-State Hole Transfer in Multiporphyrin Arrays. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6947-59. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8012836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Z. Muresan
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889
| | - Patchanita Thamyongkit
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889
| | - James R. Diers
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889
| | - David F. Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, and Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889
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16
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Krasnikov SA, Sergeeva NN, Brzhezinskaya MM, Preobrajenski AB, Sergeeva YN, Vinogradov NA, Cafolla AA, Senge MO, Vinogradov AS. An x-ray absorption and photoemission study of the electronic structure of Ni porphyrins and Ni N-confused porphyrin. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2008; 20:235207. [PMID: 21694298 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/20/23/235207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of chemical bonding and electronic structure features for polycrystalline (porphyrinato)nickel (II) (NiP, the simplest Ni porphyrin), (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)nickel (II) (NiTPP) and (2-aza-21-carba-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)nickel (II) (N-confused NiTPP, NiNCTPP) have been performed by means of high-resolution soft x-ray absorption and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The Ni 2p(3/2) x-ray absorption spectra show strong π-back-bonding in these compounds leading to a high-energy shift (1.2 eV for the NiP and NiTPP) of the entire absorption structure compared to Ni metal. It has been found that the main absorption line of the Ni 2p(3/2) spectrum of the NiNCTPP is shifted by an additional 0.5 eV to higher energies in comparison with those for other nickel porphyrins. This shift is evidence of stronger back-donation (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) and a smaller effective number of 3d electrons on the central Ni atom in the NiNCTPP as compared to other Ni porphyrins. The confused N atom in the NiNCTPP is of pyrrolic type (protonated nitrogen), which was confirmed by the N 1s absorption and core-level photoemission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Krasnikov
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Republic of Ireland. V A Fock Institute of Physics, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation. SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
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Thamyongkit P, Muresan AZ, Diers JR, Holten D, Bocian DF, Lindsey JS. Meso-13C-Labeled Porphyrins for Studies of Ground-State Hole Transfer in Multiporphyrin Arrays. J Org Chem 2007; 72:5207-17. [PMID: 17579453 DOI: 10.1021/jo070593x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding electronic communication among interacting chromophores provides the foundation for a variety of applications. The ground-state electronic communication in diphenylethyne-linked zinc-porphyrin dyads has been investigated by a novel molecular design strategy that entails introduction of a 13C-atom (*) at specific sites of the porphyrins where there is substantial electron density in the relevant frontier (highest occupied) molecular orbital. The site of 13C substitution is at a meso-position, either the site of attachment of the linker (proximal, "P") or the site trans to the linker (distal, "D"). The substituents (R) at the non-linking meso-positions are mesityl, tridec-7-yl ("swallowtail"), or p-tolyl groups. Altogether five isotopically labeled porphyrin dyads have been prepared. The hole/electron-transfer properties of one-electron oxidized dyads have been examined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The introduction of the meso-13C label provides a "clock" (via the hyperfine interactions) that allows investigation of a time scale for hole transfer that is 3-4 times shorter than that provided by the natural abundance 14N nuclei of the pyrrole nitrogen atoms. The EPR studies indicate that the hole transfer, which has been previously shown to be fast on the time scale of the 14N hyperfine clock ( approximately 220 ns), remains fast on the time scale of the 13C hyperfine clock ( approximately 50 ns).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchanita Thamyongkit
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
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