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Viennois R, Debord R, Moll A, Legrand V, Beaudhuin M, Fréty N, Pailhès S. Stability and Physical Properties of Metastable Ba-Si Clathrates. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5541-5551. [PMID: 38475716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the stability of different Ba-Si clathrates with pressure and temperature using DFT calculations and studied the stability of type I Ba8Si46 and type IX Ba24Si100 clathrates using high pressure─high temperature synthesis technique, calorimetry, and diffraction experiments. When increasing pressure, the type I Ba8Si46 clathrate and BaSi6 become more stable. In good qualitative agreement with experiments, the type IX Ba24Si100 clathrate becomes stable at a pressure of 1-2 GPa thanks to the pressure and thermal effect of both electronic and vibrational contributions. One can notice that the presence of Ba in the cages of type IX clathrate increases significantly the stability and the mechanical properties of type IX clathrate. We have determined the P-T existence domain of type IX Ba24Si100 clathrate from ex situ experiments, which was confirmed by in situ synchrotron X-ray experiments. At room pressure and under an oxidizing atmosphere, the type I Ba8Si46 and the type IX Ba24Si100 clathrates are stable up to about 560 °C and up to about 600 °C, respectively. The thermoelectric properties of type IX Ba24Si100 are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Viennois
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Régis Debord
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Adrien Moll
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Legrand
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nicole Fréty
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Pailhès
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Feng X, Bobnar M, Lerch S, Biller H, Schmidt M, Baitinger M, Strassner T, Grin Y, Böhme B. Type-II Clathrate Na 24-δ Ge 136 from a Redox-Preparation Route. Chemistry 2021; 27:12776-12787. [PMID: 34270132 PMCID: PMC8518416 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The metastable type-II clathrate Na24-δ Ge136 was obtained from Na12 Ge17 by applying a two-step procedure. At first, Na12 Ge17 was reacted at 70 °C with a solution of benzophenone in the ionic liquid (IL) 1,3-dibutyl-2-methylimidazolium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) azanide. The IL was inert towards Na12 Ge17 , but capable of dissolving the sodium salts formed in the redox reaction. By annealing at 340 °C under an argon atmosphere, the X-ray amorphous intermediate product was transformed to crystalline Na24-δ Ge136 (δ≈2) and α-Ge in an about 1 : 1 mass ratio. The product was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, chemical analysis, and 23 Na solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Metallic properties of Na24-δ Ge136 were revealed by a significant Knight shift of the 23 Na NMR signals and by a Pauli-paramagnetic contribution to the magnetic susceptibility. At room temperature, Na24-δ Ge136 slowly ages, with a tendency to volume decrease and sodium loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian‐Juan Feng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester StoffeAbteilung Chemische MetallkundeNöthnitzer Straße 4001187DresdenGermany
| | - Matej Bobnar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester StoffeAbteilung Chemische MetallkundeNöthnitzer Straße 4001187DresdenGermany
- Jožef Stefan InstituteJamova 391000LjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Swantje Lerch
- Technische Universität DresdenFachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Professur für Physikalische Organische Chemie01062DresdenGermany
| | - Harry Biller
- Technische Universität DresdenFachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Professur für Physikalische Organische Chemie01062DresdenGermany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester StoffeAbteilung Chemische MetallkundeNöthnitzer Straße 4001187DresdenGermany
| | - Michael Baitinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester StoffeAbteilung Chemische MetallkundeNöthnitzer Straße 4001187DresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Technische Universität DresdenFachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Professur für Physikalische Organische Chemie01062DresdenGermany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester StoffeAbteilung Chemische MetallkundeNöthnitzer Straße 4001187DresdenGermany
| | - Bodo Böhme
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester StoffeAbteilung Chemische MetallkundeNöthnitzer Straße 4001187DresdenGermany
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Feng XJ, Lerch S, Biller H, Micksch M, Schmidt M, Baitinger M, Strassner T, Grin Y, Böhme B. Reactivity and Controlled Redox Reactions of Salt-like Intermetallic Compounds in Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:205-215. [PMID: 33492781 PMCID: PMC7874260 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituted imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) were investigated for their reactivity towards Na12Ge17 as a model system containing redox‐sensitive Zintl cluster anions. The ILs proved widely inert for imidazolium cations with a 1,2,3‐trisubstitution at least by alkyl groups, and for the anion bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide (TFSI). A minute conversion of Na12Ge17 observed on long‐time contact with such ILs was not caused by dissolution of the salt‐like compound, and did thus not provide dissolved Ge clusters. Rather, a cation exchange led to the transfer of Na+ ions into solution. In contrast, by using benzophenone as an oxidizer, heterogeneous redox reactions of Na12Ge17 were initiated, transferring a considerable part of Na+ into solution. At optimized conditions, an X‐ray amorphous product NaGe6.25 was obtained, which was thermally convertible to the crystalline type‐II clathrate Na24–δGe136 with almost completely Na‐filled polyhedral cages, and α‐Ge. The presented method thus provides unexpected access to Na24–δGe136 in bulk quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Juan Feng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Swantje Lerch
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Professur für Physikalische Organische Chemie, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Harry Biller
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Professur für Physikalische Organische Chemie, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Micksch
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Professur für Physikalische Organische Chemie, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baitinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Professur für Physikalische Organische Chemie, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bodo Böhme
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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Baitinger M, Böhme B, Wagner FR, Schwarz U. Zintl Defects in Intermetallic Clathrates. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Baitinger
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Bodo Böhme
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank R. Wagner
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Germany
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Hübner JM, Prots Y, Schnelle W, Bobnar M, König M, Baitinger M, Simon P, Carrillo-Cabrera W, Ormeci A, Svanidze E, Grin Y, Schwarz U. In-Cage Interactions in the Clathrate Superconductor Sr 8 Si 46. Chemistry 2020; 26:830-838. [PMID: 31652015 PMCID: PMC7004181 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The clathrate I superconductor Sr8Si46 is obtained under high‐pressure high‐temperature conditions, at 5 GPa and temperatures in the range of 1273 to 1373 K. At ambient pressure, the compound decomposes upon heating at T=796(5) K into Si and SrSi2. The crystal structure of the clathrate is isotypic to that of Na8Si46. Chemical bonding analysis reveals conventional covalent bonding within the silicon network as well as additional multi‐atomic interactions between Sr and Si within the framework cages. Physical measurements indicate a bulk BCS type II superconducting state below Tc=3.8(3) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Maria Hübner
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yurii Prots
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Walter Schnelle
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matej Bobnar
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus König
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baitinger
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Simon
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wilder Carrillo-Cabrera
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alim Ormeci
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eteri Svanidze
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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6
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Beekman M, Kauzlarich SM, Doherty L, Nolas GS. Zintl Phases as Reactive Precursors for Synthesis of Novel Silicon and Germanium-Based Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1139. [PMID: 30965603 PMCID: PMC6479709 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental and theoretical work has demonstrated significant potential to tune the properties of silicon and germanium by adjusting the mesostructure, nanostructure, and/or crystalline structure of these group 14 elements. Despite the promise to achieve enhanced functionality with these already technologically important elements, a significant challenge lies in the identification of effective synthetic approaches that can access metastable silicon and germanium-based extended solids with a particular crystal structure or specific nano/meso-structured features. In this context, the class of intermetallic compounds known as Zintl phases has provided a platform for discovery of novel silicon and germanium-based materials. This review highlights some of the ways in which silicon and germanium-based Zintl phases have been utilized as precursors in innovative approaches to synthesize new crystalline modifications, nanoparticles, nanosheets, and mesostructured and nanoporous extended solids with properties that can be very different from the ground states of the elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Beekman
- Department of Physics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
| | - Susan M Kauzlarich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Luke Doherty
- Department of Physics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
- Department of Materials Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
| | - George S Nolas
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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7
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Structural and Thermoelectric Properties of Cu Substituted Type I Clathrates Ba₈Cu xSi ~32-xGa ~14. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12020237. [PMID: 30641991 PMCID: PMC6356837 DOI: 10.3390/ma12020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With an attempt to improve the thermoelectric properties of type I clathrates in the Ba-Ga-Si system, we introduce Cu into the framework of the crystal structure. Single crystals are prepared in Ga-flux and characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques and transport measurements for the structural and thermoelectric properties. Our composition analyses show that only a small amount of Cu is determined in the clathrates. The single crystal X-ray diffraction data refinements confirm that Ga atoms prefer the 6c and 24k sites and avoid the 16i sites in the crystal structure. The small amount of Cu affects the crystal structure by compressing the tetrakaidecahedral cage along the direction perpendicular to the six-atom-ring plane. This could be the reason for the high charge carrier concentration, and low electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient. We analyze the principal mechanism for our observation and conclude that the Cu substitution can adjust some subtle details of the structure, maintaining the Zintl rule in the type I clathrates.
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9
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Henschel A, Binnewies M, Schmidt M, Borrmann H, Grin Y. Crucible-Free Preparation of Transition-Metal Borides: HfB 2. Chemistry 2017; 23:15869-15873. [PMID: 28700097 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study gives an account of an innovative, crucible-free technique for the synthesis of single-phase borides at relatively moderate temperatures. A metal wire heated by an electrical current reacts with a chosen gaseous boron halide in a gas/solid reaction yielding a single-phase, oxygen- and carbon-free product, as evidenced by X-ray powder diffraction and chemical analysis. This method is demonstrated using the example of hafnium reacting with boron tribromide. Preliminary thermodynamic considerations show that this kind of crucible-free synthesis specifically enables the preparation of borides of transition metals and similar elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Henschel
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Binnewies
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Horst Borrmann
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Böhme B, Bobnar M, Ormeci A, Peters S, Schnelle W, Baitinger M, Grin Y. Type-I silicon clathrates containing lithium. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2016-1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe intermetallic phase [Li
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11
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Feng X, Böhme B, Bobnar M, Simon P, Carrillo-Cabrera W, Burkhardt U, Schmidt M, Schwarz U, Baitinger M, Straßner T, Grin Y. An Amorphous Phase of Zinc and Silicon at Composition Zn2Si5(:H, OH). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjuan Feng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe; Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Bodo Böhme
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe; Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Matej Bobnar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe; Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Paul Simon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe; Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Wilder Carrillo-Cabrera
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe; Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Ulrich Burkhardt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe; Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe; Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe; Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Baitinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe; Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Straßner
- Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie; Professur für Physikalische Organische Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe; Nöthnitzer Straße 40 01187 Dresden Germany
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12
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Binary Alkali-Metal Silicon Clathrates by Spark Plasma Sintering: Preparation and Characterization. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9070593. [PMID: 28773710 PMCID: PMC5456916 DOI: 10.3390/ma9070593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The binary intermetallic clathrates K8-xSi46 (x = 0.4; 1.2), Rb6.2Si46, Rb11.5Si136 and Cs7.8Si136 were prepared from M4Si4 (M = K, Rb, Cs) precursors by spark-plasma route (SPS) and structurally characterized by Rietveld refinement of PXRD data. The clathrate-II phase Rb11.5Si136 was synthesized for the first time. Partial crystallographic site occupancy of the alkali metals, particularly for the smaller Si20 dodecahedra, was found in all compounds. SPS preparation of Na24Si136 with different SPS current polarities and tooling were performed in order to investigate the role of the electric field on clathrate formation. The electrical and thermal transport properties of K7.6Si46 and K6.8Si46 in the temperature range 4–700 K were investigated. Our findings demonstrate that SPS is a novel tool for the synthesis of intermetallic clathrate phases that are not easily accessible by conventional synthesis techniques.
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Zeng T, Hoffmann R, Nesper R, Ashcroft NW, Strobel TA, Proserpio DM. Li-Filled, B-Substituted Carbon Clathrates. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12639-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Baker
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Baker
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Reinhard Nesper
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N. W. Ashcroft
- Laboratory
of Atomic and Solid Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Timothy A. Strobel
- Geophysical
Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, United States
| | - Davide M. Proserpio
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Samara
Center for Theoretical Materials Science (SCTMS), Samara State University, Samara 443011 Russia
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14
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Li Y, Raghavan R, Wagner NA, Davidowski SK, Baggetto L, Zhao R, Cheng Q, Yarger JL, Veith GM, Ellis-Terrell C, Miller MA, Chan KS, Chan CK. Type I Clathrates as Novel Silicon Anodes: An Electrochemical and Structural Investigation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2015; 2:1500057. [PMID: 27980951 PMCID: PMC5115401 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicon clathrates contain cage-like structures that can encapsulate various guest atoms or molecules. An electrochemical evaluation of type I silicon clathrates based on Ba8Al y Si46-y as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries is presented here. Postcycling characterization with nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction shows no discernible structural or volume changes even after electrochemical insertion of 44 Li (≈1 Li/Si) into the clathrate structure. The observed properties are in stark contrast with lithiation of other silicon anodes, which become amorphous and suffer from large volume changes. The electrochemical reactions are proposed to occur as single phase reactions at approximately 0.2 and 0.4 V versus Li/Li+ during lithiation and delithiation, respectively, distinct from diamond cubic or amorphous silicon anodes. Reversible capacities as high as 499 mAh g-1 at a 5 mA g-1 rate were observed for silicon clathrate with composition Ba8Al8.54Si37.46, corresponding to ≈1.18 Li/Si. These results show that silicon clathrates could be promising durable anodes for lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Materials Science and Engineering School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Rahul Raghavan
- Materials Science and Engineering School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Nicholas A Wagner
- Materials Science and Engineering School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Stephen K Davidowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Loïc Baggetto
- Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Qian Cheng
- Materials Science and Engineering School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Jeffery L Yarger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Carol Ellis-Terrell
- Department of Materials Engineering Southwest Research Institute San Antonio TX 78238 USA
| | - Michael A Miller
- Department of Materials Engineering Southwest Research Institute San Antonio TX 78238 USA
| | - Kwai S Chan
- Department of Materials Engineering Southwest Research Institute San Antonio TX 78238 USA
| | - Candace K Chan
- Materials Science and Engineering School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
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15
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Baran V, Fässler TF. Si-based Clathrates with Partial Substitution by Zn and Ga: K8Zn3.5Si42.5, Rb7.9Zn3.6Si42.4, and Cs8-xGa8-ySi38+y. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Castillo R, Schnelle W, Bobnar M, Burkhardt U, Böhme B, Baitinger M, Schwarz U, Grin Y. The Clathrate Ba8-xSi46Revisited: Preparation Routes, Electrical and Thermal Transport Properties. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Li M, Cheng Q, Wittman RM, Peng X, Chan CK. Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Properties of the Copper Hydroxyphosphate Mineral Libethenite. ChemElectroChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Roudebush JH, Orellana M, Bux S, Yi T, Kauzlarich SM. Crystal structure and thermoelectric properties of clathrate, Ba8Ni3.5Si42.0: Small cage volume and large disorder of the guest atom. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2012.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Aydemir U, Candolfi C, Ormeci A, Borrmann H, Burkhardt U, Oztan Y, Oeschler N, Baitinger M, Steglich F, Grin Y. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Physical Properties of the Type-I Clathrate Ba8−δNix□ySi46–x–y. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:4730-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2027626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Aydemir
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße
40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - C. Candolfi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße
40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Ormeci
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße
40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - H. Borrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße
40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - U. Burkhardt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße
40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Y. Oztan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße
40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - N. Oeschler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße
40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - M. Baitinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße
40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - F. Steglich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße
40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yu. Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße
40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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20
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Roudebush JH, Tsujii N, Hurtando A, Hope H, Grin Y, Kauzlarich SM. Phase Range of the Type-I Clathrate Sr8AlxSi46–x and Crystal Structure of Sr8Al10Si36. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:4161-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2024814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John H. Roudebush
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California 95616, United States
| | - Naohito Tsujii
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California 95616, United States
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Antonio Hurtando
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California 95616, United States
| | - Håkon Hope
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California 95616, United States
| | - Yuri Grin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik Fester Stoffe, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan M. Kauzlarich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California 95616, United States
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21
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Jung W, Kessens H, Ormeci A, Schnelle W, Burkhardt U, Borrmann H, Nguyen HD, Baitinger M, Grin Y. Synthesis, crystal structure and physical properties of the clathrate-I phase Ba8RhxSi46−x−y□y. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:13960-8. [PMID: 23027430 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Jung
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
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