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Banerjee S, Macdonald PA, Orr SA, Kennedy AR, van Teijlingen A, Robertson SD, Tuttle T, Mulvey RE. Hydrocarbon Soluble Alkali-Metal-Aluminium Hydride Surrog[ATES]. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201085. [PMID: 35811447 PMCID: PMC9804340 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of group 1 hydrocarbon-soluble donor free aluminates [AM(t BuDHP)(TMP)Al(i Bu)2 ] (AM=Li, Na, K, Rb) have been synthesised by combining an alkali metal dihydropyridyl unit [(2-t BuC5 H5 N)AM)] containing a surrogate hydride (sp3 C-H) with [(i Bu)2 Al(TMP)]. These aluminates have been characterised by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. While the lithium aluminate forms a monomer, the heavier alkali metal aluminates exist as polymeric chains propagated by non-covalent interactions between the alkali metal cations and the alkyldihydropyridyl units. Solvates [(THF)Li(t BuDHP)(TMP)Al(i Bu)2 ] and [(TMEDA)Na(t BuDHP)(TMP)Al(i Bu)2 ] have also been crystallographically characterised. Theoretical calculations show how the dispersion forces tend to increase on moving from Li to Rb, as opposed to the electrostatic forces of stabilization, which are orders of magnitude more significant. Having unique structural features, these bimetallic compounds can be considered as starting points for exploring unique reactivity trends as alkali-metal-aluminium hydride surrog[ATES].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Banerjee
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Peter A. Macdonald
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Samantha A. Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | | | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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2
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Pollard VA, Fuentes MA, Robertson SD, Weetman C, Kennedy AR, Brownlie J, Angus FJ, Smylie C, Mulvey RE. Reactivity studies and structural outcomes of a bulky dialkylaluminium amide in the presence of the N-heterocyclic carbene, ItBu. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Wilson AS, Hill MS, Mahon MF, Dinoi C, Maron L. Dehydrohalogenation of halobenzenes and C(sp3)-X (X = F, OPh) bond activation by a molecular calcium hydride. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Robertson SD, Uzelac M, Mulvey RE. Alkali-Metal-Mediated Synergistic Effects in Polar Main Group Organometallic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8332-8405. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
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5
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Aluminates with Fluorinated Schiff Bases: Influence of the Alkali Metal⁻Fluorine Interactions in Structure Stabilization. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 23:molecules23123108. [PMID: 30486480 PMCID: PMC6321257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New heterometallic aluminium-alkali metal compounds have been prepared using Schiff bases with electron withdrawing substituents as ligands. The synthesis of these new species was achieved via the reaction of AlMe₃ with the freshly prepared alkali-metallated ligand. The derivatives formed were characterized by NMR in solution and by single crystal X-ray diffraction in the solid state. Aluminate derivatives with lithium and sodium were prepared and a clear influence of the alkali metal in the final outcome is observed. The presence of a Na···F interaction in the solid state has a stabilization effect and the species [NaAlMe₃L]₂ can de isolated for the first time, which was not possible when using Schiff bases without electron withdrawing substituents as ligands.
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Lemmerz LE, McLellan R, Judge NR, Kennedy AR, Orr SA, Uzelac M, Hevia E, Robertson SD, Okuda J, Mulvey RE. Donor-influenced Structure-Activity Correlations in Stoichiometric and Catalytic Reactions of Lithium Monoamido-Monohydrido-Dialkylaluminates. Chemistry 2018; 24:9940-9948. [PMID: 29697160 PMCID: PMC6055685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic monoamido‐monohydrido‐dialkylaluminate complexes of general formula [iBu2AlTMPHLi⋅donor] were synthesized and characterised in solution and in the solid state. Applying these complexes in catalytic hydroboration reactions with representative aldehydes and ketones reveals that all are competent, however a definite donor substituent effect is discernible. The bifunctional nature of the complexes is also probed by assessing their performance in metallation of a triazole and phenylacetylene and addition across pyrazine. These results lead to an example of phenylacetylene hydroboration, which likely proceeds via deprotonation, rather than insertion as observed with the aldehydes and ketones. Collectively, the results emphasise that reactivity is strongly influenced by both the mixed‐metal constitution and mixed‐ligand constitution of the new aluminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara E Lemmerz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Neil R Judge
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Samantha A Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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7
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García-Valle FM, Tabernero V, Cuenca T, Cano J, Mosquera MEG. Schiff-base -ate derivatives with main group metals: generation of a tripodal aluminate metalloligand. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6499-6506. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00835c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new type of -ate derivatives is described, where the alkali metal exerts a strong influence on the final outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M. García-Valle
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigacion en Química “Andres M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
| | - Vanessa Tabernero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigacion en Química “Andres M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
| | - Tomás Cuenca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigacion en Química “Andres M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
| | - Jesús Cano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigacion en Química “Andres M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
| | - Marta E. G. Mosquera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigacion en Química “Andres M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
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8
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Raţ CI, Soran A, Varga RA, Silvestru C. C–H Bond Activation Mediated by Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds of Main Group Metals. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Uzelac M, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. Trans-Metal-Trapping Meets Frustrated-Lewis-Pair Chemistry: Ga(CH 2SiMe 3) 3-Induced C-H Functionalizations. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8615-8626. [PMID: 28485929 PMCID: PMC5549243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Merging two topical themes in main-group chemistry, namely, cooperative bimetallics and frustrated-Lewis-pair (FLP) activity, this Forum Article focuses on the cooperativity-induced outcomes observed when the tris(alkyl)gallium compound GaR3 (R = CH2SiMe3) is paired with the lithium amide LiTMP (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide) or the sterically hindered N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,3-bis(tert-butyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (ItBu). When some previously published work are drawn together with new results, unique tandem reactivities are presented that are driven by the steric mismatch between the individual reagents of these multicomponent reagents. Thus, the LiTMP/GaR3 combination, which on its own fails to form a cocomplex, functions as a highly regioselective base (LiTMP)/trap (GaR3) partnership for the metalation of N-heterocycles such as diazines, 1,3-benzoazoles, and 2-picolines in a trans-metal-trapping (TMT) process that stabilizes the emerging sensitive carbanions. Taking advantage of related steric incompatibility, a novel monometallic FLP system pairing GaR3 with ItBu has been developed for the activation of carbonyl compounds (via C═O insertion) and other molecules with acidic hydrogen atoms such as phenol and phenylacetylene. Shedding new light on how these non-cocomplexing partnerships operate and showcasing the potential of gallium reagents to engage in metalation reactions or FLP activations, areas where the use of this group 13 metal is scant, this Forum Article aims to stimulate more interest and activity toward the advancement of organogallium chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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10
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Muñoz MT, Barandika G, Bazán B, Cuenca T, Mosquera MEG. Aluminum Alkali Metalate Derivatives: Factors Driving the Final Nuclearity in the Crystal Form. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Muñoz
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department University of Alcalá Campus Universitario 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Gotzone Barandika
- Inorganic Chemistry Department University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Barrio Sarriena s/n 48940 Leioa Spain
- BCMaterials Parque Tecnológico de Zamudio Ibaizabal Bidea, Edificio 500‐Planta 1 48160 Derio Spain
| | - Begoña Bazán
- BCMaterials Parque Tecnológico de Zamudio Ibaizabal Bidea, Edificio 500‐Planta 1 48160 Derio Spain
- Mineralogy and Petrology Department University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Barrio Sarriena s/n 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - Tomás Cuenca
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department University of Alcalá Campus Universitario 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Marta E. G. Mosquera
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department University of Alcalá Campus Universitario 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
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11
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Fuentes MÁ, Zabala A, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE. Structural Diversity in Alkali Metal and Alkali Metal Magnesiate Chemistry of the Bulky 2,6-Diisopropyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)anilino Ligand. Chemistry 2016; 22:14968-14978. [PMID: 27573676 PMCID: PMC5096043 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bulky amido ligands are precious in s-block chemistry, since they can implant complementary strong basic and weak nucleophilic properties within compounds. Recent work has shown the pivotal importance of the base structure with enhancement of basicity and extraordinary regioselectivities possible for cyclic alkali metal magnesiates containing mixed n-butyl/amido ligand sets. This work advances alkali metal and alkali metal magnesiate chemistry of the bulky arylsilyl amido ligand [N(SiMe3 )(Dipp)]- (Dipp=2,6-iPr2 -C6 H3 ). Infinite chain structures of the parent sodium and potassium amides are disclosed, adding to the few known crystallographically characterised unsolvated s-block metal amides. Solvation by N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) or N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) gives molecular variants of the lithium and sodium amides; whereas for potassium, PMDETA gives a molecular structure, TMEDA affords a novel, hemi-solvated infinite chain. Crystal structures of the first magnesiate examples of this amide in [MMg{N(SiMe3 )(Dipp)}2 (μ-nBu)]∞ (M=Na or K) are also revealed, though these breakdown to their homometallic components in donor solvents as revealed through NMR and DOSY studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ángeles Fuentes
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Andoni Zabala
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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12
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Fuentes MÁ, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Parkinson JA, Rantanen T, Robertson SD, Snieckus V. Adding a Structural Context to the Deprotometalation and Trans-Metal Trapping Chemistry of Phenyl-Substituted Benzotriazole. Chemistry 2015; 21:14812-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Guang J, Hopson R, Williard PG. Diffusion Coefficient-Formula Weight (D-FW) Analysis of 2H Diffusion-Ordered NMR Spectroscopy (DOSY). J Org Chem 2015; 80:9102-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guang
- Department
of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Russell Hopson
- Department
of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Paul G. Williard
- Department
of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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14
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Muñoz MT, Cuenca T, Mosquera MEG. Heterometallic aluminates: alkali metals trapped by an aluminium aryloxide claw. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:14377-85. [PMID: 24965205 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00952e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of heterometallic aluminium-alkali metal species [AlMMe2{2,6-(MeO)2C6H3O}2]n have been isolated for lithium, sodium and potassium. These compounds can be generated by the reaction of [AlMe2{2,6-(MeO)2C6H3O}]2 with the metallated phenol [M{2,6-(MeO)2C6H3O}]n or through the reaction of the mixture of AlMe3 and the appropriate alkali metal alkyl base with two equivalents of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol. In the heterometallic species obtained, the {AlMe2{2,6-(MeO)2C6H3O}2}(-) moiety is observed and could be described as a claw which fixes the alkali ion by the phenoxide oxygen atoms while the methoxy groups help to stabilize their coordination sphere. All compounds have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. Catalytic studies reveal that these compounds are active in ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Muñoz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
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15
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Clegg W, Crosbie E, Dale-Black SH, Hevia E, Honeyman GW, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Ramsay DL, Robertson SD. Structurally Defined Zincated and Aluminated Complexes of Ferrocene Made by Alkali-Metal Synergistic Syntheses. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om5012352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William Clegg
- School
of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1
7RU, U.K
| | - Elaine Crosbie
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | | | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Gordon W. Honeyman
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Donna L. Ramsay
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
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16
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Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Ramsay DL, Robertson SD. Heterobimetallic metallation studies of N,N-dimethylphenylethylamine (DMPEA): benzylic C–H bond cleavage/dimethylamino capture or intact DMPEA complex. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:5875-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00247h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The cleave and capture capacity of various bimetallic amido–alkyl mixtures is illustrated through reaction with the deprotonation sensitiveN,N-dimethylphenylethylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Donna L. Ramsay
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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17
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Kennedy AR, Klett J, McGrath G, Mulvey RE, Robertson GM, Robertson SD, O’Hara CT. Synthesis of an alkylmagnesium amide and interception of a ring-opened isomer of the important utility amide 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (TMP). Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Armstrong DR, Crosbie E, Hevia E, Mulvey RE, Ramsay DL, Robertson SD. TMP (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide)-aluminate bases: lithium-mediated alumination or lithiation–alkylaluminium-trapping reagents? Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Surprisingly lithium TMP-aluminate reagents are not capable of directly aluminating anisole as previously thought but operateviasequential lithiation–alkylaluminium trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Armstrong
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - Elaine Crosbie
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - Donna L. Ramsay
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
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19
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Unsinn A, Wunderlich SH, Jana A, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. A convenient alumination of functionalized aromatics by using the frustrated Lewis pair Et3 Al and TMPMgCl⋅LiCl. Chemistry 2013; 19:14687-96. [PMID: 24027191 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and efficient alumination of functionalized arenes by using the frustrated Lewis pair Et3 Al and TMPMgCl⋅LiCl (TMP=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) has been developed. In particular, halogenated electron-rich aromatics can be smoothly functionalized by using the frustrated Lewis pair Et3 Al and TMPMgCl⋅LiCl. Compared with previously described alumination methods, this procedure avoids extensive cooling and the need for an excess of base. This in situ procedure has proven to be most practical and allows for regio- and chemoselective metalation of a wide range of aromatics with sensitive functional groups (CONEt2 , CO2 Me, CN, OCONMe2 ) or halogens (F, Cl, Br, I). The resulting aromatic aluminates, which were characterized by using NMR spectroscopy, were subjected to allylations, acylations, and palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions after transmetalation to zinc. It was shown that the nature of the Zn salt used for transmetalation is crucial. Thus, compared with ZnCl2 (2 equiv), the use of Zn(OPiv)2 (2 equiv; OPiv=pivalate) allows the subsequent quenching reactions to be performed with only a slight excess of electrophile (1.2 equiv) and provides interesting functionalized aromatics in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Unsinn
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München (Germany), Fax: (+49) 89-2180-77680
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Armstrong DR, Garden JA, Kennedy AR, Leenhouts SM, Mulvey RE, O'Keefe P, O'Hara CT, Steven A. Evaluating cis-2,6-dimethylpiperidide (cis-DMP) as a base component in lithium-mediated zincation chemistry. Chemistry 2013; 19:13492-503. [PMID: 23955639 PMCID: PMC4517102 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Most recent advances in metallation chemistry have centred on the bulky secondary amide 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (TMP) within mixed metal, often ate, compositions. However, the precursor amine TMP(H) is rather expensive so a cheaper substitute would be welcome. Thus this study was aimed towards developing cheaper non-TMP based mixed-metal bases and, as cis-2,6-dimethylpiperidide (cis-DMP) was chosen as the alternative amide, developing cis-DMP zincate chemistry which has received meagre attention compared to that of its methyl-rich counterpart TMP. A new lithium diethylzincate, [(TMEDA)LiZn(cis-DMP)Et2] (TMEDA=N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) has been synthesised by co-complexation of Li(cis-DMP), Et2Zn and TMEDA, and characterised by NMR (including DOSY) spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, which revealed a dinuclear contact ion pair arrangement. By using N,N-diisopropylbenzamide as a test aromatic substrate, the deprotonative reactivity of [(TMEDA)LiZn(cis-DMP)Et2] has been probed and contrasted with that of the known but previously uninvestigated di-tert-butylzincate, [(TMEDA)LiZn(cis-DMP)tBu2]. The former was found to be the superior base (for example, producing the ortho-deuteriated product in respective yields of 78 % and 48 % following D2O quenching of zincated benzamide intermediates). An 88 % yield of 2-iodo-N,N-diisopropylbenzamide was obtained on reaction of two equivalents of the diethylzincate with the benzamide followed by iodination. Comparisons are also drawn using 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazide (HMDS), diisopropylamide and TMP as the amide component in the lithium amide, Et2Zn and TMEDA system. Under certain conditions, the cis-DMP base system was found to give improved results in comparison to HMDS and diisopropylamide (DA), and comparable results to a TMP system. Two novel complexes isolated from reactions of the di-tert-butylzincate and crystallographically characterised, namely the pre-metallation complex [{(iPr)2N(Ph)C=O}LiZn(cis-DMP)tBu2] and the post-metallation complex [(TMEDA)Li(cis-DMP){2-[1-C(=O)N(iPr)2]C6H4}Zn(tBu)], shed valuable light on the structures and mechanisms involved in these alkali-metal-mediated zincation reactions. Aspects of these reactions are also modelled by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Armstrong
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL (UK)
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Harrison-Marchand A, Mongin F. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 1. Structural Data. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7470-562. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300295w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
| | - Florence Mongin
- Équipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bâtiment 10A, case 1003, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
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Jian C, Zhang J, Dai Z, Gao Y, Tang N, Wu J. Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Alkoxides Incorporated into Bulky Aluminium Tetraphenolate Helices and Application in the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China, http://chem.lzu.edu.cn/LZCHEM/visit/szdw/Teacher_One.aspx?TeacherNO=51
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China, http://chem.lzu.edu.cn/LZCHEM/visit/szdw/Teacher_One.aspx?TeacherNO=51
| | - Zhongran Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China, http://chem.lzu.edu.cn/LZCHEM/visit/szdw/Teacher_One.aspx?TeacherNO=51
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China, http://chem.lzu.edu.cn/LZCHEM/visit/szdw/Teacher_One.aspx?TeacherNO=51
| | - Ning Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China, http://chem.lzu.edu.cn/LZCHEM/visit/szdw/Teacher_One.aspx?TeacherNO=51
| | - Jincai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China, http://chem.lzu.edu.cn/LZCHEM/visit/szdw/Teacher_One.aspx?TeacherNO=51
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Yamamoto K, Shibata Y, Kashiwa Y, Kondo A, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. C–H Metalation Reaction of Diarylamine and Carbazole by Alkylaluminum Complexes at the Heteroatom‐Bridged Dimeric Aluminum Core. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Yuki Kashiwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Ai Kondo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
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Armstrong DR, Brammer E, Cadenbach T, Hevia E, Kennedy AR. Co-complexation Syntheses, Structural Characterization, and DFT Studies of a Novel Series of Polymeric Alkali-Metal Tetraorganogallates. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om3009469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Armstrong
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K., G1 1XL
| | - Elanor Brammer
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K., G1 1XL
| | - Thomas Cadenbach
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K., G1 1XL
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K., G1 1XL
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K., G1 1XL
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Melen RL. Applications and reactivity trends of homoleptic p-block metal amido reagents. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:16449-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52472h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Klatt T, Groll K, Knochel P. Generation of functionalized aryl and heteroaryl aluminum reagents by halogen–lithium exchange. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6953-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43356k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Mulvey RE. An alternative picture of alkali-metal-mediated metallation: cleave and capture chemistry. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:6676-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt00053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Vincent MA, Campbell Smith A, Donnard M, Harford PJ, Haywood J, Hillier IH, Clayden J, Wheatley AEH. Lithiated Tertiary Carbanions Display Variable Coordination Modes: Evidence from DFT and NMR Studies. Chemistry 2012; 18:11036-45. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Baillie SE, Clegg W, Garcı́a-Álvarez P, Hevia E, Kennedy AR, Klett J, Russo L. Synthesis, Structural Elucidation, and Diffusion-Ordered NMR Studies of Homoleptic Alkyllithium Magnesiates: Donor-Controlled Structural Variations in Mixed-Metal Chemistry. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300477m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E. Baillie
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
U.K. G1 1XL
| | - William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. NE1
7RU
| | - Pablo Garcı́a-Álvarez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica e
Inorgánica-IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo-CSIC, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Jan Klett
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Luca Russo
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. NE1
7RU
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Crosbie E, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. After-effects of lithium-mediated alumination of 3-iodoanisole: isolation of molecular salt elimination and trapped-benzyne products. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:1832-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11893a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Conway B, Crosbie E, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Regioselective heterohalogenation of 4-halo-anisoles via a series of sequential ortho-aluminations and electrophilic halogenations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4674-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30795b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Armstrong DR, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Parkinson JA, Robertson SD. Opening the black box of mixed-metal TMP metallating reagents: direct cadmation or lithium–cadmium transmetallation? Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20392h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Cadenbach T, Hevia E, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Pickrell JA, Robertson SD. Accessing low denticity coordination modes of a high denticity tripodal ligand to complete its coordinative repertoire. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:10141-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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