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Hruzd M, Durand R, Gauthier S, le Poul P, Robin-le Guen F, Achelle S. Photoluminescence of Platinum(II) Complexes with Diazine-Based Ligands. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300335. [PMID: 38847061 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
In the last past twenty years, research on luminescent platinum (II) complexes has been intensively developed for useful application such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). More recently, new photoluminescent complexes based on diazine ligands (pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, quinazoline and quinoxaline) have been developed in this context. This review will summarize the photophysical properties of most of the phosphorescent diazine Pt(II) complexes described in the literature and compare the results to pyridine analogues whenever possible. Based on the emission color, and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) values, the relationship between structure modification, and photophysical properties are highlighted. Tuning of emission color, quantum yields in solution and solid state and, for some complexes, aggregation induced emission (AIE) or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties are described. When emitting OLEDs have been built from diazine Pt(II) complexes, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) values and luminance for different emission wavelengths and in some cases, chromaticity coordinates obtained from devices, are given. Finally, this review highlights the growing interest in studies of new luminescent diazine Pt(II) complexes for OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Hruzd
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR 6226, 5000, Rennes, France
| | - Raphaël Durand
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR 6226, 5000, Rennes, France
| | - Sébastien Gauthier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR 6226, 5000, Rennes, France
| | - Pascal le Poul
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR 6226, 5000, Rennes, France
| | - Françoise Robin-le Guen
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR 6226, 5000, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvain Achelle
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR 6226, 5000, Rennes, France
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2
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Shafikov MZ, Zaytsev AV, Kozhevnikov VN. Trinuclear Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex Exhibiting Intense Phosphorescence of an Unprecedented Rate. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1317-1327. [PMID: 38154085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present two novel cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes of dinuclear and trinuclear design, Ir2(dppm)3(acac)2 and Ir3(dppm)4(acac)3, respectively, where dppm is 4,6-di(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrimidine ligand and acac is acetylacetonate ligand. In both cases, rac-diastereomers were isolated during the synthesis. The materials show intense phosphorescence of outstanding rates (kr = ΦPL/τ) with corresponding radiative decay times of only τr = 1/kr = 0.36 μs for dinuclear Ir2(dppm)3(acac)2 and still shorter τr = 0.30 μs for trinuclear Ir3(dppm)4(acac)3, as measured for doped polystyrene film samples under ambient temperature. Measured under cryogenic conditions, radiative decay times of the three T1 substates (I, III, and III) and substate energy separations are τI = 11.8 μs, τII = 7.1 μs, τIII = 0.06 μs, ΔE(II-I) = 7 cm-1, and ΔE(III-I) = 175 cm-1 for dinuclear Ir2(dppm)3(acac)2 and τI = 3.1 μs, τII = 3.5 μs, τIII = 0.03 μs, ΔE(II-I) ≈ 1 cm-1, and ΔE(III-I) = 180 cm-1 for trinuclear Ir3(dppm)4(acac)3. The determined T1 state ZFS values (ΔE(III-I)) are smaller compared to that of mononuclear analogue Ir(dppm)2(acac) (ZFS = 210-1 cm). Theoretical analysis suggests that the high phosphorescence rates in multinuclear materials can be associated with the increased number of singlet states lending oscillator strength to the T1 → S0 transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsel Z Shafikov
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Andrey V Zaytsev
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
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3
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Shafikov MZ, Zaytsev AV, Kozhevnikov VN, Czerwieniec R. Aligning π-Extended π-Deficient Ligands to Afford Submicrosecond Phosphorescence Radiative Decay Time of Mononuclear Ir(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:810-822. [PMID: 36592328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a profound investigation of the photophysical properties of three mononuclear Ir(III) complexes fac-Ir(dppm)3 (Hdppm-4,6-bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)pyrimidine), Ir(dppm)2(acac) (acac-acetylacetonate), and Ir(ppy)2(acac) (Hppy-phenylpyridine). The heteroleptic Ir(dppm)2(acac) is found to emit with efficiency above 80% and feature a remarkably high rate of emission. As measured under ambient temperature, Ir(dppm)2(acac) emits with the unusually short (sub-μs) radiative decay time of τr = τem/ΦPL = 1/kr = 0.91 μs in degassed toluene and τr = 0.73 μs in a doped polystyrene film under nitrogen. Investigations at cryogenic temperatures in glassy toluene showed that the emission stems from the T1 state and thus represents T1 → S0 phosphorescence with individual decay times of the T1 substates of T1,I = 66 μs, T1,II = 7.3 μs, T1,III = 0.19 μs, and energy gaps between the substates of ΔE(T1,II-T1,I) = 14 cm-1 and ΔE(T1,III-T1,I) = 210 cm-1. Analysis of the electronic structure of Ir(dppm)2(acac) showed that such a high rate of phosphorescence may stem from the two dppm ligands, with extended π-conjugation system and π-deficient character due to the pyrimidine ring, being serially aligned along one axis. Such alignment, along with the quasi-symmetric character of Jahn-Teller distortions in the T1 state, affords a large chromophore, comprising four (het)aryl rings of the two dppm ligands. This affords an exceptionally large oscillator strength of the MLCT-character singlet state spin-orbit coupled with the T1 state and thus brings about enhancement of the phosphorescence rate. These findings reveal molecular design principles paving the way to new phosphors of enhanced emission rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsel Z Shafikov
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrey V Zaytsev
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon TyneNE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon TyneNE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Rafał Czerwieniec
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053Regensburg, Germany
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4
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Khan T, Raza S, Lawrence AJ. Medicinal Utility of Thiosemicarbazones with Special Reference to Mixed Ligand and Mixed Metal Complexes: A Review. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328422600280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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5
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Coffey B, Clough L, Bartkus DD, McClellan IC, Greenberg MW, LaFratta CN, Tanski JM, Anderson CM. Photophysical Properties of Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Diphosphine Compounds in the Solid State and in PMMA Films. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28316-28325. [PMID: 34723028 PMCID: PMC8552474 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Platinum(II) compounds were synthesized with both chelate cyclometalated ligands and chelate diphosphine ligands. The cyclometalated ligands include phenylpyridine and a benzothiophene-containing ligand. The three new benzothiophene compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), and photophysical measurements. In the case of one compound, L1-DPPM, the structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structural coherence of the noncrystalline emissive solid state was measured by X-ray total scattering real space pair distribution function analysis. Quantum yield values of all of the platinum compounds measured in the solid state and in PMMA films were much greater than in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belle Coffey
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Lily Clough
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Daphne D. Bartkus
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Ian C. McClellan
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Matthew W. Greenberg
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Christopher N. LaFratta
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Joseph M. Tanski
- Department
of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604, United States
| | - Craig M. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
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6
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Sun Y, Liu B, Guo Y, Chen X, Lee YT, Feng Z, Adachi C, Zhou G, Chen Z, Yang X. Developing Efficient Dinuclear Pt(II) Complexes Based on the Triphenylamine Core for High-Efficiency Solution-Processed OLEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36020-36032. [PMID: 34283914 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The various applications of dinuclear complexes have attracted increasing attention. However, the electroluminescence efficiencies of dinuclear Pt(II) complexes are far from satisfactory. Herein, based on the triphenylamine core, we develop four dinuclear Pt(II) complexes that cover the emission colors from yellow to red with high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies of up to 0.79 in doped films. The solid-state structure of PyDPt is revealed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction investigation. Besides, solution-processed OLEDs have been fabricated with different electron transport materials. With higher electron mobility and excellent hole-blocking ability, 1,3,5-tri(m-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)benzene (TmPyPB) can help to realize good charge balance in related OLEDs. In addition, angle-dependent PL spectra reveal the preferentially horizontal orientation of these dinuclear Pt(II) complexes in doped CBP films, which benefits the outcoupling efficiencies. Therefore, the yellow OLED based on PyDPt shows unexpected high performance with a peak current efficiency of up to 78.7 cd/A and an external quantum efficiency of up to 22.4%, which is the highest EQE reported for OLEDs based on dinuclear Pt(II) complexes so far. This study demonstrates the great potential of developing dinuclear Pt(II) complexes for achieving excellent electroluminescence efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Sun
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bochen Liu
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Yue Guo
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ting Lee
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Zhao Feng
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Chen
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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7
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Mauro M. Phosphorescent multinuclear complexes for optoelectronics: tuning of the excited-state dynamics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5857-5870. [PMID: 34075949 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent transition metal complexes have attracted a great deal of attention in the last two decades from both fundamental and application points of view. The majority of the investigated and most efficient systems consist of monometallic compounds with judiciously selected ligand sphere, providing excellent triplet emitters for both lab-scale and real-market light-emitting devices for display technologies. More recently, chemical architectures comprising multimetallic compounds have appeared as an emerging and valuable alternative. Herein, the most recent trends in the field are showcased in a systematic approach, where the different examples are classified by metal center and ligand(s) scaffold. Their optical and electroluminescence properties are presented and compared as well. Indeed, the multimetallic strategy has proven to be highly suitable for compounds emitting efficiently in the challenging red to near-infrared region, yielding metal-based emitters with improved optical properties in terms of enhanced emission efficiency, shortened excited-state lifetime, and faster radiative rate constant. Finally, the advantages and drawbacks of the multimetallic approach will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mauro
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR7504 Université de Strasbourg & CNRS 23 rue du Loess, 67083 Strasbourg, France.
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8
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Pander P, Daniels R, Zaytsev AV, Horn A, Sil A, Penfold TJ, Williams JAG, Kozhevnikov VN, Dias FB. Exceptionally fast radiative decay of a dinuclear platinum complex through thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6172-6180. [PMID: 33996015 PMCID: PMC8098751 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00160d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel dinuclear platinum(ii) complex featuring a ditopic, bis-tetradentate ligand has been prepared. The ligand offers each metal ion a planar O^N^C^N coordination environment, with the two metal ions bound to the nitrogen atoms of a bridging pyrimidine unit. The complex is brightly luminescent in the red region of the spectrum with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 83% in deoxygenated methylcyclohexane solution at ambient temperature, and shows a remarkably short excited state lifetime of 2.1 μs. These properties are the result of an unusually high radiative rate constant of around 4 × 105 s-1, a value which is comparable to that of the very best performing Ir(iii) complexes. This unusual behaviour is the result of efficient thermally activated reverse intersystem crossing, promoted by a small singlet-triplet energy difference of only 69 ± 3 meV. The complex was incorporated into solution-processed OLEDs achieving EQEmax = 7.4%. We believe this to be the first fully evidenced report of a Pt(ii) complex showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) at room temperature, and indeed of a Pt(ii)-based delayed fluorescence emitter to be incorporated into an OLED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pander
- Department of Physics, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Ruth Daniels
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Ellison Building Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK
| | - Andrey V Zaytsev
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Ellison Building Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK
| | - Ashleigh Horn
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Ellison Building Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK
| | - Amit Sil
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | | | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Ellison Building Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK
| | - Fernando B Dias
- Department of Physics, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
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9
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10
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Shafikov MZ, Martinscroft R, Hodgson C, Hayer A, Auch A, Kozhevnikov VN. Non-Stereogenic Dinuclear Ir(III) Complex with a Molecular Rack Design to Afford Efficient Thermally Enhanced Red Emission. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1780-1789. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marsel Z. Shafikov
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
- Ural Federal University, Mira 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Ross Martinscroft
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Hodgson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Hayer
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Armin Auch
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Valery N. Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
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11
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Shafikov MZ, Zaytsev AV, Kozhevnikov VN. Halide-Enhanced Spin-Orbit Coupling and the Phosphorescence Rate in Ir(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:642-650. [PMID: 33405901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The spin-forbidden nature of phosphorescence in Ir(III) complexes is relaxed by the metal-induced effect of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). A further increase of the phosphorescence rate could potentially be achieved by introducing additional centers capable of further enhancing the SOC effect, such as metal-coordinated halides. Herein, we present a dinuclear Ir(III) complex Ir2I2 that contains two Ir(III)-iodide moieties. The complex shows intense phosphorescence with a quantum yield of ΦPL(300 K) = 90% and a submicrosecond decay time of only τ(300 K) = 0.34 μs, as measured under ambient temperature for the degassed toluene solution. These values correspond to a top value T1 → S0 phosphorescence rate of kr = 2.65 × 106 s-1. Investigations at cryogenic temperatures allowed us to determine the zero-field splitting (ZFS) of the emitting state T1 ZFS(III-I) = 170 cm-1 and unusually short individual decay times of T1 substates: τ(I) = 6.4 μs, τ(II) = 7.6 μs, and τ(III) = 0.05 μs. This indicates a strong SOC of state T1 with singlet states. Theoretical investigations suggest that the SOC of state T1 with singlets is also contributed by halides. Strongly contributing to the higher occupied molecular orbitals of the complex (e.g., HOMO, HOMO - 1, and so forth), iodides work as important SOC centers that operate in tandem with metals. The examples of Ir2I2 and of earlier reported analogous complex Ir2Cl2 reveal that the metal-coordinated halides can enhance the SOC of state T1 with singlets and, consequently, the phosphorescence rate. A comparative study of Ir2I2 and Ir2Cl2 shows that the share of halides in total contribution (halides plus metals) to the SOC of state T1 with singlets increases strongly upon exchange of chlorides for iodides. The exchange also led to the decrease in values of ZFS of the T1 state from ZFS(III-I) = 205 cm-1 for Ir2Cl2 to T1 ZFS(III-I) = 170 cm-1 for Ir2I2. This results in a more efficient thermal population of the fastest emitting T1 substate III, thus further enhancing the room-temperature phosphorescence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsel Z Shafikov
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany.,Department for Technology of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Andrey V Zaytsev
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
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12
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Schira R, Latouche C. DFT vs. TDDFT vs. TDA to simulate phosphorescence spectra of Pt- and Ir-based complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:746-753. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03614e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A quantum investigation of the optical (mainly luminescence) properties of twelve transition metal complexes using DFT, TDDFT and TDA computations is presented. Unrestricted DFT and TDA outperform TDDFT for the investigated complexes especially when an Ir centre is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Schira
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel
- IMN
- F-44000 Nantes
| | - Camille Latouche
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel
- IMN
- F-44000 Nantes
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13
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Puttock EV, Sturala J, Kistemaker JCM, Williams JAG. Platinum(II) Complexes of Tridentate ‐Coordinating Ligands Based on Imides, Amides, and Hydrazides: Synthesis and Luminescence Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma V. Puttock
- Department of Chemistry Durham University DH1 3LE, U.K. Durham
| | - Jiri Sturala
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jos C. M. Kistemaker
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland 4072 Queensland Australia
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14
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Anderson CM, Coffey B, Morales L, Greenberg MW, Norman M, Weinstein M, Brown G, Tanski JM. Platinum Complexes from C-H Activation of Sterically Hindered [C^N] Donor Benzothiophene Imine Ligands: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26855-26863. [PMID: 33111011 PMCID: PMC7581249 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Primary amines and benzothiophene-3-carboxaldehyde were reacted to give four large, bulky imine ligands. These imine ligands were reacted with a tetramethyl platinum dimer and by heteroatom-assisted C-H activation, both monometalated compounds and bismetalated compounds were synthesized. In all cases, five-membered platinacycles were formed. The compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and one bismetalated compound was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The UV-vis absorption and emission spectra and the excited-state lifetimes were recorded for these complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent-DFT calculations were performed to aid in the assignment of the absorption and emission spectra of the newly synthesized complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Belle Coffey
- Department
of Chemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Leslie Morales
- Department
of Chemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Matthew W. Greenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Matthew Norman
- Department
of Chemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Michael Weinstein
- Department
of Chemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Garrett Brown
- Department
of Chemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Joseph M. Tanski
- Department
of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604, United States
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15
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Hao Z, Zhang K, Chen K, Lu Z, Wang P, Zhu W, Liu Y. An Effective Approach to Obtain Near-Infrared Emission from Binuclear Platinum(II) Complexes Involving Thiophenpyridine-Isoquinoline Bridging Ligand in Solution-Processed OLEDs. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3003-3012. [PMID: 32721097 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic complexes have become an emerging hot topic in field of luminous applications in recent years. Unlike the traditional modification on a cyclometalated ligand, grafting an additional metal ion provides a novel approach to tune molecular conjugation as well as the spin orbital coupling (SOC). Herein, we demonstrate a new kind of binuclear platinum(II) complex Pt-3 that possesses an asymmetric thiophenpyridine-isoquinoline bridging ligand. Compared to its mononuclear analogues of Pt-1 and Pt-2, an extremely large redshift emission from 576 and 618 nm to 721 nm was observed in solution. Binding of two metal ions helps to enhance molecular planarity, extend conjugation and suppress excited state distortion. However, their quantum yields tend to remarkably decrease with increasing red-shift emission as following the "energy gap law". The relatively larger HOMO/LUMO separation that induced by the second platinum ion also decreases the oscillator strength at the lowest singlet state, and goes against the fast radiative decay process. Solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on Pt-1, Pt-2 and Pt-3 achieved external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) and luminance/radiant emittance of 13.6% and 13640 cd/m2 , 3.5% and 3754 cd/m2 , 0.9% and 7981 mW/Sr/m2 with the corresponding electroluminescent (EL) emission peaked at 580 nm, 625 nm and 708 nm, respectively. This work emphasizes the complement argument of the commonly largely reported symmetric binuclear configurations, and provides a new view to photophysical mechanism and design strategies for bimetallic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoran Hao
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaboration Innovation, Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-, Converting Materials and Applications, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Kuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhiyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaboration Innovation, Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-, Converting Materials and Applications, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaboration Innovation, Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-, Converting Materials and Applications, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.,College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
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16
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Bonfiglio A, Pallova L, César V, Gourlaouen C, Bellemin‐Laponnaz S, Daniel C, Polo F, Mauro M. Phosphorescent Cationic Heterodinuclear Ir
III
/M
I
Complexes (M=Cu
I
, Au
I
) with a Hybrid Janus‐Type N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Bridge. Chemistry 2020; 26:11751-11766. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bonfiglio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR7504 Université de Strasbourg, CNRS 23 rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Lenka Pallova
- LCC-CNRS UPR8241 Université de Toulouse, CNRS 31077 Toulouse cedex 4 France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS UPR8241 Université de Toulouse, CNRS 31077 Toulouse cedex 4 France
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS 4 Rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Stéphane Bellemin‐Laponnaz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR7504 Université de Strasbourg, CNRS 23 rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS 4 Rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Federico Polo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Ca' Foscari University of Venice Via Torino 155 30172 Venezia Italy
| | - Matteo Mauro
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR7504 Université de Strasbourg, CNRS 23 rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg France
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17
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Shafikov MZ, Zaytsev AV, Suleymanova AF, Brandl F, Kowalczyk A, Gapińska M, Kowalski K, Kozhevnikov VN, Czerwieniec R. Near Infrared Phosphorescent Dinuclear Ir(III) Complex Exhibiting Unusually Slow Intersystem Crossing and Dual Emissive Behavior. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5849-5855. [PMID: 32615767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A dinuclear iridium(III) complex IrIr shows dual emission consisting of near infrared (NIR) phosphorescence (λmax = 714 nm, CH2Cl2, T = 300 K) and green fluorescence (λmax = 537 nm). The NIR emission stems from a triplet state (T1) localized on the ditopic bridging ligand (3LC). Because of the dinuclear molecular structure, the phosphorescence efficiency (ΦPL = 3.5%) is high compared to those of other known red/NIR-emitting iridium complexes. The weak fluorescence stems from the lowest excited singlet state (S1) of 1LC character. The occurrence of fluorescence is ascribed to relatively slow intersystem crossing (ISC) from state S1 (1LC) to the triplet manifold. The measured ISC rate corresponds to a time constant τISC of 2.1 ps, which is an order of magnitude longer than those usually found for iridium complexes. This slow ISC rate can be explained in terms of the LC character and large energy separation (0.57 eV) of the respective singlet and triplet excited states. IrIr is internalized by live HeLa cells as evidenced by confocal luminescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsel Z Shafikov
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
- Department for Technology of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Andrey V Zaytsev
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | | | - Fabian Brandl
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- Department of Microbial Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gapińska
- Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Konrad Kowalski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Rafał Czerwieniec
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
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18
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Hao Z, Zhang K, Chen K, Wang P, Lu Z, Zhu W, Liu Y. More efficient spin-orbit coupling: adjusting the ligand field strength to the second metal ion in asymmetric binuclear platinum(ii) configurations. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8722-8733. [PMID: 32555914 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00939c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two types of asymmetric binuclear platinum(ii) complexes (Pt-1 and Pt-3) bearing bridging ligands of 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)pyridine and 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)pyridine as well as their corresponding mononuclear counterparts (Pt-2, Pt-4, and Pt-5) were synthesized and characterized. Different chelating constructions of the second platinum(ii) ions and the bridging ligands in Pt-1 and Pt-3 gave rise to two kinds of electron-transition pathway during their photophysical processes. The meta-/para-carbon of nitrogen on the center pyridyl segments set different levels of ligand field strength to the second platinum(ii) ions, lowering their occupied d orbital to varying degrees. Pt-1 showed an enhanced spin-orbit coupling (SOC), caused by the additional metal component through direct orbital hybridization at higher states, where the fixed molecular skeleton induced by the additional metal-ligand bonding also helped to suppress molecular distortion in the excited state, ensuring a high quantum yield (Φ, 0.89 in toluene), which is among the best results in bimetallic complexes. While the second platinum(ii) ion in Pt-3 seemed to make no contribution to the radiative transition, and only contributed to the HOMO, it provided a benefit by enlarging the conjugate system. Solution-processed organic lighting emitting devices (OLEDs) fabricated with the bimetallic Pt-1 emitter achieved superior efficiencies and up to 21% external quantum efficiency (EQE) in the Kelly-green region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoran Hao
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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19
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Puttock EV, Sil A, Yufit DS, Williams JAG. Mono and dinuclear iridium(iii) complexes featuring bis-tridentate coordination and Schiff-base bridging ligands: the beneficial effect of a second metal ion on luminescence. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10463-10476. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01964j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ditopic bis-N^N^O-coordinating ligands, prepared by Schiff base chemistry, lead to dinuclear iridium complexes that emit much more brightly than their mononuclear counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Sil
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham
- UK
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20
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Shafikov MZ, Daniels R, Kozhevnikov VN. Unusually Fast Phosphorescence from Ir(III) Complexes via Dinuclear Molecular Design. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7015-7024. [PMID: 31638816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The design and detailed photophysical study of two novel Ir(III) complexes featuring mono- and dinuclear design are presented. Emission quantum yield and decay times in solution are ΦPL = 90% and τ(300 K) = 1.16 μs for the mononuclear complex 5, and ΦPL = 95% and τ(300 K) = 0.44 μs for the dinuclear complex 6. These data indicate an almost 3-fold increase in the phosphorescence rate for dinuclear complex 6 compared to 5. Zero-field splitting (ZFS) of the T1 state also increases from ZFS = 65 cm-1 for the mononuclear complex to ZFS = 205 cm-1 for the dinuclear complex and is accompanied by a drastic shortening of the individual decay times of T1 substates. With the help of TD-DFT calculations, we rationalize that the drastic changes in the T1 state properties in the dinuclear complex originate from an increased number of excited states available for direct spin-orbit coupling (SOC) routes as a result of electronic coupling of Ir-Cl antibonding molecular orbitals of the two coordination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsel Z Shafikov
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , Regensburg D-93053 , Germany
- Ural Federal University , Mira 19 , Ekaterinburg 620002 , Russia
| | - Ruth Daniels
- Department of Applied Sciences , Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST , United Kingdom
| | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences , Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST , United Kingdom
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21
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Giménez N, Lalinde E, Lara R, Moreno MT. Design of Luminescent, Heteroleptic, Cyclometalated Pt
II
and Pt
IV
Complexes: Photophysics and Effects of the Cyclometalated Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:5514-5526. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Giménez
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Rebeca Lara
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja 26006 Logroño Spain
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22
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Na H, Song M, Teets TS. Facile Synthesis of Luminescent Ir–Pt–Ir Trimetallic Complexes. Chemistry 2019; 25:4833-4842. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanah Na
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
| | - Mina Song
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
| | - Thomas S. Teets
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
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23
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Synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of bismetalated platinum complexes with benzothiophene ligands. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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24
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Shafikov MZ, Daniels R, Pander P, Dias FB, Williams JAG, Kozhevnikov VN. Dinuclear Design of a Pt(II) Complex Affording Highly Efficient Red Emission: Photophysical Properties and Application in Solution-Processible OLEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8182-8193. [PMID: 30753060 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The light-emitting efficiency of luminescent materials is invariably compromised on moving to the red and near-infrared regions of the spectrum due to the transfer of electronic excited-state energy into vibrations. We describe how this undesirable "energy gap law" can be sidestepped for phosphorescent organometallic emitters through the design of a molecular emitter that incorporates two platinum(II) centers. The dinuclear cyclometallated complex of a substituted 4,6-bis(2-thienyl)pyrimidine emits very brightly in the red region of the spectrum (λmax = 610 nm, Φ = 0.85 in deoxygenated CH2Cl2 at 300 K). The lowest-energy absorption band is extraordinarily intense for a cyclometallated metal complex: at λ = 500 nm, ε = 53 800 M-1 cm-1. The very high efficiency of emission achieved can be traced to an unusually high rate constant for the T1 → S0 phosphorescence process, allowing it to compete effectively with nonradiative vibrational decay. The high radiative rate constant correlates with an unusually large zero-field splitting of the triplet state, which is estimated to be 40 cm-1 by means of variable-temperature time-resolved spectroscopy over the range 1.7 < T < 120 K. The compound has been successfully tested as a red phosphor in an organic light-emitting diode prepared by solution processing. The results highlight a potentially attractive way to develop highly efficient red and NIR-emitting devices through the use of multinuclear complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsel Z Shafikov
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , Regensburg D-93053 , Germany
- Ural Federal University , Mira 19 , Ekaterinburg 620002 , Russia
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5DD , U.K
| | - Ruth Daniels
- Department of Applied Sciences , Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST , U.K
| | | | | | | | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences , Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST , U.K
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25
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Synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of cyclometalated N-Heterocyclic carbene Platinum(II) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Shahsavari HR, Lalinde E, Moreno MT, Niazi M, Kazemi SH, Abedanzadeh S, Barazandeh M, Halvagar MR. Half-lantern cyclometalated Pt(ii) and Pt(iii) complexes with bridging heterocyclic thiolate ligands: synthesis, structural characterization, and electrochemical and photophysical properties. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00969h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Half-lantern Pt(ii) and Pt(iii) cyclometalated binuclear complexes, bridged with various heterocyclic thiolate ligands, were synthesized and studied by electrochemical and photophysical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R. Shahsavari
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan 45137-66731
- Iran
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ)
- Universidad de La Rioja
- Logroño
- Spain
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ)
- Universidad de La Rioja
- Logroño
- Spain
| | - Maryam Niazi
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan 45137-66731
- Iran
| | - Sayed Habib Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan 45137-66731
- Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Barazandeh
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan 45137-66731
- Iran
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27
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Zou G, Zhao L, Zeng L, Luo K, Ni H, Wang H, Li Q, Yu W, Li X. Columnar Iridium(III) Metallomesogens Based on Polycatenar Pyridyltetrazolate with Ambipolar Carrier Mobility Behavior. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:861-869. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Zou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 5 Jingan Road, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 5 Jingan Road, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Longwei Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 5 Jingan Road, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Kaijun Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 5 Jingan Road, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Hailiang Ni
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 5 Jingan Road, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 5 Jingan Road, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 5 Jingan Road, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 5 Jingan Road, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 5 Jingan Road, Chengdu 610068, China
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28
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Puttock EV, Walden MT, Williams JG. The luminescence properties of multinuclear platinum complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Yang X, Jiao B, Dang JS, Sun Y, Wu Y, Zhou G, Wong WY. Achieving High-Performance Solution-Processed Orange OLEDs with the Phosphorescent Cyclometalated Trinuclear Pt(II) Complex. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:10227-10235. [PMID: 29504742 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes can show intense phosphorescence at room temperature. Their emission properties are determined by both the organic ligand and the metal center. Whereas most of the related studies focus on tuning the properties by designing different types of organic ligands, only several reports investigate the key role played by the metal center. To address this issue, phosphorescent Pt(II) complexes with one, two, and three Pt(II) centers are designed and synthesized. With more Pt(II) centers, the cyclometalated multinuclear Pt(II) complexes display red-shifted emissions with increased photoluminescence quantum yields. Most importantly, solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with the conventional device structure using the multinuclear Pt(II) complexes as emitters show excellent performance. The controlled device based on the conventional mononuclear Pt(II) complex shows a peak external quantum efficiency, current efficiency, and power efficiency of 6.4%, 14.4 cd A-1, and 12.1 lm W-1, respectively. The efficiencies are dramatically improved to 10.5%, 21.4 cd A-1, and 12.9 lm W-1 for the OLED based on the dinuclear Pt(II) complex and to 17.0%, 35.4 cd A-1, and 27.2 lm W-1 for the OLED based on the trinuclear Pt(II) complex, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these efficiencies are among the highest ever reported for the multinuclear Pt(II) complex-based OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong , P. R. China
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30
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Daniels RE, McKenzie LK, Shewring JR, Weinstein JA, Kozhevnikov VN, Bryant HE. Pyridazine-bridged cationic diiridium complexes as potential dual-mode bioimaging probes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9670-9676. [PMID: 31497293 PMCID: PMC6688561 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00265g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel diiridium complex [(N^C^N)2Ir(bis-N^C)Ir(N^C^N)2Cl]PF6 (N^C^N = 2-[3-tert-butyl-5-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl]pyridine; bis-N^C = 3,6-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyridazine) was designed, synthesised and characterised. The key feature of the complex is the bridging pyridazine ligand which brings two cyclometallated Ir(iii) metal centres close together so that Cl also acts as a bridging ligand leading to a cationic complex. The ionic nature of the complex offers a possibility of improving solubility in water. The complex displays broad emission in the red region (λ em = 520-720 nm, τ = 1.89 μs, Φ em = 62% in degassed acetonitrile). Cellular assays by multiphoton (λ ex = 800 nm) and confocal (λ ex = 405 nm) microscopy demonstrate that the complex enters cells and localises to the mitochondria, demonstrating cell permeability. Further, an appreciable yield of singlet oxygen generation (Φ Δ = 0.45, direct method, by 1O2 NIR emission in air equilibrated acetonitrile) suggests a possible future use in photodynamic therapy. However, the complex has relatively high dark toxicity (LD50 = 4.46 μM), which will likely hinder its clinical application. Despite this toxicity, the broad emission spectrum of the complex and high emission yield observed suggest a possible future use of this class of compound in emission bioimaging. The presence of two heavy atoms also increases the scattering of electrons, supporting potential future applications as a dual fluorescence and electron microscopy probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Daniels
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Tyne and Wear NE1 8ST, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. ; Tel: +44 (0) 191 243 7430
| | - Luke K McKenzie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK. ; ; Tel: +44 (0) 114 2759040
| | - Jonathan R Shewring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Tyne and Wear NE1 8ST, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. ; Tel: +44 (0) 191 243 7430
| | - Helen E Bryant
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK. ; ; Tel: +44 (0) 114 2759040
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31
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Leopold H, Strassner T. 4,5-Substituted C^C* cyclometalated thiazol-2-ylidene platinum(ii) complexes - synthesis and photophysical properties. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:7800-7812. [PMID: 28590491 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00828g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of seven novel backbone functionalized N-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene platinum(ii) complexes and their photophysical properties. Electronically diverse N-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-thiones were prepared by a reaction of aniline with carbon disulfide and different α-haloketone compounds. Oxidative desulfuration and salt metathesis yielded the desired NHC-precursors with hexafluorophosphate counterions. In addition, a new route for the synthesis of N-phenyl-1,3-benzo[d]thiazole tetrafluoroborate via N-arylation using hypervalent iodine species is presented. All complexes were prepared from the corresponding NHC precursor in a one-pot process using silver(i)oxide, transmetalation to platinum and reaction with the β-diketone acetylacetone under basic conditions. These complexes exhibit strong phosphorescence with quantum yields up to 72% in 2 wt% PMMA films with decay lifetimes of 8.8-12.3 μs. The influence of methyl- and phenyl-groups, and an ester-substituent at the 4- and/or 5-position of the 1,3-thiazole moiety, as well as the N-phenyl-1,3-benzo[d]thiazole-derived motif is discussed. The 4,5-unsubstituted-N-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene platinum(ii) acetylacetonato complex served as a reference in this study to evaluate the electronic effects originating from the backbone substitution. All complexes emit in a narrow range of the bluish-green spectrum of the visible light (510 ± 10 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Leopold
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Knuckey KJ, Williams JAG. Photon Funnels for One-Way Energy Transfer: Multimetallic Assemblies Incorporating Cyclometallated Iridium or Rhodium Units Accessed by Sequential Cross-Coupling and Bromination. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Turnbull G, Williams JAG, Kozhevnikov VN. Rigidly linking cyclometallated Ir(iii) and Pt(ii) centres: an efficient approach to strongly absorbing and highly phosphorescent red emitters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2729-2732. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00656j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Appending a cyclometallated platinum unit onto each of the three ligands of the archetypal fac-Ir(ppy)3 complex leads to a highly efficient red emitter with a short luminescence decay time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Turnbull
- Department of Applied Sciences
- Northumbria University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
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34
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Henwood AF, Zysman-Colman E. Lessons learned in tuning the optoelectronic properties of phosphorescent iridium(iii) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:807-826. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06729h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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Leopold H, Heinemeyer U, Wagenblast G, Münster I, Strassner T. Changing the Emission Properties of Phosphorescent C^C*-Cyclometalated Thiazol-2-ylidene Platinum(II) Complexes by Variation of the β-Diketonate Ligands. Chemistry 2016; 23:1118-1128. [PMID: 27859741 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated thiazol-2-ylidene platinum(II) complexes based on the N-phenyl-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand and seven different β-diketonate ligands have been synthesised and investigated for their structural and photophysical properties. The complexes were synthesised in a one-pot procedure starting with the in situ formation of the corresponding silver(I) carbene and transmetalation to platinum, followed by the reaction with the respective β-diketonate under basic conditions. All the compounds were fully characterised by standard techniques, including 195 Pt NMR spectroscopy. Three solid-state structures revealed quite different aggregation behaviour depending on the β-diketonate architecture. The reported complexes showed strong phosphorescence at room temperature in amorphous poly(methyl methacrylate) films. The emission wavelengths (ca. 510 nm) were found to be independent of the β-diketonate ligand, but the electronically diverse β-diketonates strongly influence the observed quantum yields (QY) and decay lifetimes. The results of theoretical studies employing density functional theory (DFT) methods support the conclusion of a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3 MLCT) as the main emission process, in accordance with the reported photophysical properties. Standard organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) prepared with unoptimised matrix materials using one of the complexes showed values of 12.3 % external quantum yield, 24.0 lm W-1 luminous efficacy and 37.8 cd A-1 current efficiency at 300 cd m-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Leopold
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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36
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Daniels RE, Culham S, Hunter M, Durrant MC, Probert MR, Clegg W, Williams JAG, Kozhevnikov VN. When two are better than one: bright phosphorescence from non-stereogenic dinuclear iridium(III) complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:6949-62. [PMID: 26983757 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00881j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of eight dinuclear iridium(iii) complexes has been prepared, featuring 4,6-diarylpyrimidines L(y) as bis-N^C-coordinating bridging ligands. The metal ions are also coordinated by a terminal N^C^N-cyclometallating ligand L(X) based on 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)benzene, and by a monodentate chloride or cyanide. The general formula of the compounds is {IrL(X)Z}2L(y) (Z = Cl or CN). The family comprises examples with three different L(X) ligands and five different diarylpyrimidines L(y), of which four are diphenylpyrimidines and one is a dithienylpyrimidine. The requisite proligands have been synthesised via standard cross-coupling methodology. The synthesis of the complexes involves a two-step procedure, in which L(X)H is reacted with IrCl3·3H2O to form dinuclear complexes of the form [IrL(X)Cl(μ-Cl)]2, followed by treatment with the diarylpyrimidine L(y)H2. Crucially, each complex is formed as a single compound only: the strong trans influence of the metallated rings dictates the relative disposition of the ligands, whilst the use of symmetrically substituted tridentate ligands eliminates the possibility of Λ and Δ enantiomers that are obtained when bis-bidentate units are linked through bridging ligands. The crystal structure of one member of the family has been obtained using a synchrotron X-ray source. All of the complexes are very brightly luminescent, with emission maxima in solution varying over the range 517-572 nm, according to the identity of the ligands. The highest-energy emitter is the cyanide derivative whilst the lowest is the complex with the dithienylpyrimidine. The trends in both the absorption and emission energies as a function of ligand substituent have been rationalised accurately with the aid of TD-DFT calculations. The lowest-excited singlet and triplet levels correlate with the trend in the HOMO-LUMO gap. All the complexes have quantum yields that are close to unity and phosphorescence lifetimes - of the order of 500 ns - that are unusually short for complexes of such brightness. These impressive properties stem from an unusually high rate of radiative decay, possibly due to spin-orbit coupling pathways being facilitated by the second metal ion, and to low non-radiative decay rates that may be related to the rigidity of the dinuclear scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Daniels
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Stacey Culham
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Michael Hunter
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Marcus C Durrant
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Michael R Probert
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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Omae I. Application of the five-membered ring blue light-emitting iridium products of cyclometalation reactions as OLEDs. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Anderson CM, Greenberg MW, Balema TA, Duman LM, Oh N, Hashmi A, Ladner L, Jain K, Yu D, Tanski JM. Regioselective formation of six-membered platinacycles by C–X and C–H oxidative addition. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Tanaka S, Sato K, Ichida K, Abe T, Tsubomura T, Suzuki T, Shinozaki K. Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Chiral Pt(pppb)Cl (pppbH=1-pyridyl-3-(4,5-pinenopyridyl)benzene) Aggregate in the Excited State. Chem Asian J 2015; 11:265-73. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Tanaka
- Department of Materials System Science; Graduate School of Nanobiosystem Sciences; Yokohama City University; 22-2 Seto Yokohama 236-0027 Japan
| | - Kyohei Sato
- Department of Materials System Science; Graduate School of Nanobiosystem Sciences; Yokohama City University; 22-2 Seto Yokohama 236-0027 Japan
| | - Kyoko Ichida
- Department of Materials System Science; Graduate School of Nanobiosystem Sciences; Yokohama City University; 22-2 Seto Yokohama 236-0027 Japan
| | - Taichi Abe
- Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd.; 6 Kitahara Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-3294 Japan
| | - Taro Tsubomura
- Department of Materials and Life Science; Seikei University; Kichijoji-kitamachi, Musashino Tokyo 180-8633 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Okayama University; 3-3-1 Tsushimanaka Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Kazuteru Shinozaki
- Department of Materials System Science; Graduate School of Nanobiosystem Sciences; Yokohama City University; 22-2 Seto Yokohama 236-0027 Japan
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40
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Fernandez-Cestau J, Bertrand B, Blaya M, Jones GA, Penfold TJ, Bochmann M. Synthesis and luminescence modulation of pyrazine-based gold(III) pincer complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16629-32. [PMID: 26425736 PMCID: PMC4672750 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07523h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A second nitrogen for modulation: cyclometallated gold(iii) complexes based on pyrazine provide a new family of photoluminescent compounds which allow facile modulation of the emission wavelengths without the need for modifying the basic ligand framework.
The first examples of pyrazine-based gold(iii) pincer complexes are reported; their intense photoemissions can be modified by protonation, N-alkylation or metal ions, without the need for altering the ligand framework. Emissions shift from red (77 K) to blue (298 K) due to thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).
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41
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Huo S, Carroll J, Vezzu DAK. Design, Synthesis, and Applications of Highly Phosphorescent Cyclometalated Platinum Complexes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shouquan Huo
- Department of Chemistry; East Carolina University; Greenville North Carolina 27858 USA
| | - Jeffrey Carroll
- Department of Chemistry; East Carolina University; Greenville North Carolina 27858 USA
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42
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Krisyuk VV, Baidina IA, Turgambaeva AE, Nadolinny VA, Kozlova SG, Korolkov IV, Duguet T, Vahlas C, Igumenov IK. Volatile Heterobimetallic Complexes from Pd II and Cu II β-Diketonates: Structure, Magnetic Anisotropy, and Thermal Properties Related to the Chemical Vapor Deposition of CuPd Thin Films. Chempluschem 2015; 80:1457-1464. [PMID: 31973353 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for preparing volatile heterometallic complexes for use as precursors for the chemical vapor deposition of various materials is reported. New CuPd complexes based on β-diketonate units were prepared, and their structures and compositions were determined. [PdL2 *CuL2 ] (1) and [PdL2 *Cu(tmhd)2 ] (2) (L=2-methoxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptane-3,5-dionate; tmhd=2,2,6,6- tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate) are 1D coordination polymers with alternating metal complexes, which are connected through weak interactions between the Cu atoms and the OCH3 groups from the ligand of the Pd complexes. The volatility and thermal stability were studied using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses and mass spectrometry. Compound 1 vaporizes without decomposition into monometallic complexes. It exhibits magnetic anisotropy, which was revealed from the angular variations in the EPR spectrum of a single crystal. The vapor thermolysis process for 1 was investigated using mass spectrometry, allowing the process to be framed within the temperature range of 200-350 °C. The experimental data, supported by QTAIM calculations of the allowed intermolecular interactions, suggest that 1 likely exists in the gas phase as bimetallic molecules. Compound 1 proved to be suitable as a single-source precursor for the efficient preparation of CuPd alloy films with tunable Cu/Pd ratio. A possible mechanism for the film growth is proposed based on the reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav V Krisyuk
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 383-3309489
| | - Iraida A Baidina
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 383-3309489
| | - Asiya E Turgambaeva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 383-3309489
| | - Vladimir A Nadolinny
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 383-3309489
| | - Svetlana G Kozlova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 383-3309489
| | - Ilya V Korolkov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 383-3309489
| | - Thomas Duguet
- Institut Carnot-CIRIMAT, ENSIACET, 4, allée Emile Monso, BP-44362, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4 (France)
| | - Constantin Vahlas
- Institut Carnot-CIRIMAT, ENSIACET, 4, allée Emile Monso, BP-44362, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4 (France)
| | - Igor K Igumenov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), Fax: (+7) 383-3309489
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43
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Fernández-Cestau J, Giménez N, Lalinde E, Montaño P, Moreno MT, Sánchez S. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Doubly Alkynyl Bridging Dinuclear Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Fernández-Cestau
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Nora Giménez
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Patricia Montaño
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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44
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Muñoz-Rodríguez R, Buñuel E, Fuentes N, Williams JAG, Cárdenas DJ. A heterotrimetallic Ir(iii), Au(iii) and Pt(ii) complex incorporating cyclometallating bi- and tridentate ligands: simultaneous emission from different luminescent metal centres leads to broad-band light emission. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8394-405. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02761b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Di- and tri-nuclear metal complexes incorporating Au(iii), Ir(iii) and Pt(ii) units linked via a 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Muñoz-Rodríguez
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Elena Buñuel
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Noelia Fuentes
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049-Madrid
- Spain
| | | | - Diego J. Cárdenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049-Madrid
- Spain
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45
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Shankar D, Jaipal K, Sridhar B, Chary RN, Prabhakar S, Giribabu L, Likhar PR. Intramolecular cyclization assisted oxidative addition: synthesis of octahedral cycloplatinated methyl complexes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17066k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycloplatination of XMeC6H4CCC-(Rf) (N-4-OCH3C6H4) [X = S, Se and Rf = perfluoroalkyl groups] with PtCl2 gave a monomeric octahedral Pt(iv) complex. Emission and reactivity studies of the Pt(iv) complexes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Shankar
- Organometallic Gp
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - K. Jaipal
- Solar Cell Gp
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - B. Sridhar
- X-ray Crystallography Centre
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - R. Nagarjuna Chary
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - S. Prabhakar
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - L. Giribabu
- Solar Cell Gp
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Pravin R. Likhar
- Organometallic Gp
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
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46
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Tarran WA, Freeman GR, Murphy L, Benham AM, Kataky R, Williams JAG. Platinum(II) Complexes of N∧C∧N-Coordinating 1,3-Bis(2-pyridyl)benzene Ligands: Thiolate Coligands Lead to Strong Red Luminescence from Charge-Transfer States. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:5738-49. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500555w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Adam M. Benham
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Ritu Kataky
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
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47
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Shen C, Anger E, Srebro M, Vanthuyne N, Deol KK, Jefferson TD, Muller G, Gareth Williams JA, Toupet L, Roussel C, Autschbach J, Réau R, Crassous J. Straightforward access to mono- and bis-cycloplatinated helicenes that display circularly polarized phosphorescence using crystallization resolution methods. Chem Sci 2014; 5:1915-1927. [PMID: 24855556 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantiopure mono-cycloplatinated-[8]helicene and bis-cycloplatinated-[6]helicene derivatives were prepared through column chromatography combined with crystallization of diastereomeric complexes using a chiral ancillary sulfoxide ligand. The UV-visible spectra, circular dichroism, molar rotations, and (circularly polarized) luminescence activity of these new helical complexes have been examined in detail and analysed with the help of first-principles quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshuo Shen
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, Campus de Beaulieu, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Anger
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, Campus de Beaulieu, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Monika Srebro
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Chirosciences, UMR 7313, Stéréochimie Dynamique et Chiralité, Aix-Marseille University, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Kirandeep K Deol
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, CA 95192-0101, USA
| | - Truman D Jefferson
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, CA 95192-0101, USA
| | - Gilles Muller
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, CA 95192-0101, USA
| | | | - Loïc Toupet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, Campus de Beaulieu, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Christian Roussel
- Chirosciences, UMR 7313, Stéréochimie Dynamique et Chiralité, Aix-Marseille University, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Régis Réau
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, Campus de Beaulieu, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, Campus de Beaulieu, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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48
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Lanoë PH, Tong CM, Harrington RW, Probert MR, Clegg W, Williams JAG, Kozhevnikov VN. Ditopic bis-terdentate cyclometallating ligands and their highly luminescent dinuclear iridium(iii) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6831-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01808g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent dinuclear Ir(iii) complexes of a bis-N∧C∧N-coordinating ligand are reported with two metal ions bound to a central pyrimidine. A pair of enantiomers and a meso form have been structurally characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Henri Lanoë
- Department of Applied Sciences
- Northumbria University
- Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Chi Ming Tong
- Department of Applied Sciences
- Northumbria University
- Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - William Clegg
- School of Chemistry
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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49
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Tenne M, Metz S, Münster I, Wagenblast G, Strassner T. Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Complexes Based on C∧C* Cyclometalating Aryltriazol-5-ylidenes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4004576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Tenne
- Physikalische
Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische
Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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50
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Culham S, Lanoë PH, Whittle VL, Durrant MC, Williams JAG, Kozhevnikov VN. Highly Luminescent Dinuclear Platinum(II) Complexes Incorporating Bis-Cyclometallating Pyrazine-Based Ligands: A Versatile Approach to Efficient Red Phosphors. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:10992-1003. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401131x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Culham
- Department of Applied
Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre-Henri Lanoë
- Department of Applied
Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marcus C. Durrant
- Department of Applied
Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | | | - Valery N. Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied
Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
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