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Roy I, David AHG, Das PJ, Pe DJ, Stoddart JF. Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5557-5605. [PMID: 35704949 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the serendipitous discovery of crown ethers by Pedersen more than half a century ago and the subsequent introduction of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry by Cram and Lehn, respectively, followed by the design and synthesis of wholly synthetic cyclophanes-in particular, fluorescent cyclophanes, having rich structural characteristics and functions-have been the focus of considerable research activity during the past few decades. Cyclophanes with remarkable emissive properties have been investigated continuously over the years and employed in numerous applications across the field of science and technology. In this Review, we feature the recent developments in the chemistry of fluorescent cyclophanes, along with their design and synthesis. Their host-guest chemistry and applications related to their structure and properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Partha Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - David J Pe
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou, 311215, China
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2
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Deng W, Yu ZS, Liu XH, Yu SY. Self-Assembly and C−H⋅⋅⋅Anion Hydrogen Bonding of Palladium(II)-based Metallacalixarenes Using Pyridyl- or Phenyl-Bridged Di-Naphthoimidazoles. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3173-3179. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Su Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation; Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry; College of Environmental and Energy Engineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
| | - Xue-Hui Liu
- Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation; Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry; College of Environmental and Energy Engineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
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3
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Yu S, Lu H. From
Metal‐Metal Bonding
to
Supra‐Metal‐Metal Bonding
Directed Self‐Assembly: Supramolecular Architectures of Group 10 and 11 Metals with Ligands from Mono‐ to Poly‐Pyrazoles. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Yan Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Separation, Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Chemical IndustryBeijing University of Technology 100124 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Lin Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Separation, Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Chemical IndustryBeijing University of Technology 100124 Beijing P. R. China
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4
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Zhu T, Wu X, Yang X, Sharma B, Li N, Huang J, Wang W, Xing W, Zhao Z, Huang H. One-Pot Catalytic Cleavage of C═S Double Bonds by Pd Catalysts at Room Temperature. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9266-9273. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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5
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Sun WQ, Tong J, Lu HL, Ma TT, Ma HW, Yu SY. Programmable Self-Assembly of Heterometallic Palladium(II)-Copper(II) 1D Grid-Chain using Dinuclear Palladium(II) Corners with Pyrazole-Carboxylic Acid Ligands. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1108-1113. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation; Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
| | - Jin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation; Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
| | - Hong-Lin Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation; Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
| | - Ting-Ting Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation; Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
| | - Hong-Wei Ma
- School of Chemistry; Beijing Institute of Technology University; Beijing 100876 China
| | - Shu-Yan Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation; Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
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6
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Chen ZM, Cui Y, Jiang XF, Tong J, Yu SY. Programmable self-assembly of water-soluble organo-heterometallic cages [M 12M' 4L 12] using 3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pentane-2,4-dione (H 2L). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:4238-4241. [PMID: 28361135 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00425g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bifunctional ligand H2L featuring primary (pyrazole) and secondary (acetylacetone) coordination sites was preferentially reacted with dimetallic [M2(NO3)2](NO3)2 linkers at the pyrazolyl end of H2L, giving rise to dimetallic corners. Subsequently, the corners serve as the secondary site with M' to form water-soluble organo-heterometallic [M12M'4L12] cages in a stepwise mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Man Chen
- Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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7
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Savastano M, Bazzicalupi C, Giorgi C, García-Gallarín C, López de la Torre MD, Pichierri F, Bianchi A, Melguizo M. Anion Complexes with Tetrazine-Based Ligands: Formation of Strong Anion-π Interactions in Solution and in the Solid State. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8013-24. [PMID: 27454810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ligands L1 and L2, consisting of a tetrazine ring decorated with two morpholine pendants of different lengths, show peculiar anion-binding behaviors. In several cases, even the neutral ligands, in addition to their protonated HL(+) and H2L(2+) (L = L1 and L2) forms, bind anions such as F(-), NO3(-), PF6(-), ClO4(-), and SO4(2-) to form stable complexes in water. The crystal structures of H2L1(PF6)2·2H2O, H2L1(ClO4)2·2H2O, H2L2(NO3)2, H2L2(PF6)2·H2O, and H2L2(ClO4)2·H2O show that anion-π interactions are pivotal for the formation of these complexes, although other weak forces may contribute to their stability. Complex stability constants were determined by means of potentiometric titration in aqueous solution at 298.1 K, while dissection of the free-energy change of association (ΔG°) into its enthalpic (ΔH°) and entropic (TΔS°) components was accomplished by means of isothermal titration calorimetry measurements. Stability constants are poorly regulated by anion-ligand charge-charge attraction. Thermodynamic data show that the formation of complexes with neutral ligands, which are principally stabilized by anion-π interactions, is enthalpically favorable (-ΔG°, 11.1-17.5 kJ/mol; ΔH°, -2.3 to -0.5 kJ/mol; TΔS°, 9.0-17.0 kJ/mol), while for charged ligands, enthalpy changes are mostly unfavorable. Complexation reactions are invariably promoted by large and favorable entropic contributions. The importance of desolvation phenomena manifested by such thermodynamic data was confirmed by the hydrodynamic results obtained by means of diffusion NMR spectroscopy. In the case of L2, complexation equilibria were also studied in a 80:20 (v/v) water/ethanol mixture. In this mixed solvent of lower dielectric constant than water, the stability of anion complexes decreases, relative to water. Solvation effects, mostly involving the ligand, are thought to be responsible for this peculiar behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Pichierri
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , 980-8579 Sendai, Japan
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Manuel Melguizo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaén , 23071 Jaén, Spain
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8
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Bauzá A, Mooibroek TJ, Frontera A. Towards design strategies for anion–π interactions in crystal engineering. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01813g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This highlight article summarizes some of the fundamental aspects of the anion–π interaction leading to several design strategies for generating it in solids. In the main body we highlight some relevant examples that illustrate the viability of these strategies and the importance of anion–π interactions in crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bauzá
- Departament de Quimica
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Quimica
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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9
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A trigonal prismatic copper(I)–bipyrazolato cage: synthesis, crystal structure and luminescence. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-015-0002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Xu L, Wang YX, Yang HB. Recent advances in the construction of fluorescent metallocycles and metallocages via coordination-driven self-assembly. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:867-90. [PMID: 25429665 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02996h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last few years, the construction of fluorescent metallocycles and metallocages has attracted considerable attention because of their wide applications in fluorescence detection of metal ions, anions, or small molecules, mimicking complicated natural photo-processes, and preparing photoelectric devices, etc. This perspective focuses on the recent advances in the construction of a variety of fluorescent metallocycles and metallocages via coordination-driven self-assembly. In addition, the fluorescence properties and the applications of these organometallic architectures have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
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11
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González-Montiel S, Baca-Téllez S, Martínez-Otero D. Construction of 18-membered monometallic macrocycles by a trans-spanning ligand. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Neutral discrete metal–organic cyclic architectures: Opportunities for structural features and properties in confined spaces. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Self-assembly of an organo-palladium molecular basket that encapsulates cobalticarborane anion in water. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Jiang XF, Deng W, Jin R, Yu SY. Tetrapyrazolyl-calix[4]arene-based supramolecular architectures from [Pd16L4] macrocycle to three-dimensional microporous channels. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Yu L, Jiang X, Yu S. Self-Assembly of Chiral Nano-bowl from Chiral Pd-complex Building Corners and 4,7-Phenanthroline Linkers. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Jiang XF, Deng W, Jin R, Qin L, Yu SY. Self-assembly of tri-pyrazolate linked cages with di-palladium coordination motifs. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:16015-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01745e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel tripyrazolate linked metallomacrocycles and cages possessing different shapes were constructed by dimetal-coordination motifs in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Feng Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124, P.R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872, China
| | - Lin Qin
- Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shu-Yan Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124, P.R. China
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17
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Coexistence of molecular Pd6 triangle and Pd8 square self-assembled from naphthyl-dipyrazole with di-palladium motifs. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Frontera A. Encapsulation of anions: Macrocyclic receptors based on metal coordination and anion–π interactions. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Wen Y, Sheng T, Hu S, Wang Y, Tan C, Ma X, Xue Z, Wang Y, Wu X. Effect of anions on the self-assembly of Zn(ii) with a hydrogenated Schiff base ligand: structural diversity and photoluminescent properties. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce26937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Yao LY, Yu ZS, Qin L, Li YZ, Qin Y, Yu SY. Self-assembly of metallomacrocycles with dipyrazole ligands and anion sensing of [Pd4Fe2] macrocycle with ferrocene-based dipyrazole ligand. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:3447-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32576d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Arranz-Mascarós P, Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A, Giorgi C, Godino-Salido ML, Gutiérrez-Valero MD, Lopez-Garzón R, Savastano M. Thermodynamics of Anion−π Interactions in Aqueous Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 135:102-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja311389z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo
Schiff”, University of Florence,
Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo
Schiff”, University of Florence,
Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo
Schiff”, University of Florence,
Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | | | - Rafael Lopez-Garzón
- Department of Inorganic and
Organic Chemistry, University of Jaen,
23071, Jaen, Spain
| | - Matteo Savastano
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo
Schiff”, University of Florence,
Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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22
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Torres-Huerta A, Höpfl H, Tlahuext H, Hernández-Ahuactzi IF, Sánchez M, Reyes-Martínez R, Morales-Morales D. Dinuclear Macrocyclic Palladium Dithiocarbamates Derived from the Homologous Series of Aliphatic 1,x-Diamines (x= 4-10). Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Yao L, Qin L, Yu S. Self‐Assembly of Nano‐Sized Neutral Metal–Organic Macrocycles from Bis(β‐diketone) Ligands. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2555-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liao‐Yuan Yao
- Laboratory for Self‐Assembly Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐6251‐6614
| | - Lin Qin
- Laboratory for Self‐Assembly Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐6251‐6614
| | - Shu‐Yan Yu
- Laboratory for Self‐Assembly Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐6251‐6614
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