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Sorge L, Link J, Heinze K. 14-Membered Macrocyclic β-Diiminato Gold(II) - A New Member for the Gold(II) Complex Family? Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400924. [PMID: 38625050 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The chemistry of molecular gold compounds is dominated by the oxidation states +I and +III. For the intermediate oxidation state +II with 5d9 electron configuration, dimerization or disproportionation of the gold(II) radicals is favored, so that only a few mononuclear gold(II) complexes have been isolated to date. The present study addresses the one-electron reduction of the macrocyclic gold(III) complex [AuIIIL]+ of the innocent β-diiminato ligand L2- with a 14-membered macrocycle (L2-=5,7,12,14-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-5,7,12,14-tetraenato). Electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry and chemical reduction of [AuIIIL]+ monitored by UV/Vis, NMR and EPR spectroscopy together with density functional theory calculations reveal disproportionation of the initially generated but elusive gold(II) complex AuIIL and provide guidelines for prospective stable mononuclear tetraazamacrocyclic gold(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Sorge
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian Link
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Gangemi CMA, Castriciano MA, D'Agostino E, Romeo A, Bonaccorsi PM, Barattucci A, Monsù Scolaro L. Rod-like nanostructures through amphiphilic OPE-porphyrin self-organization. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8079-8083. [PMID: 37753842 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01385e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A new amphiphilic monosubstituted porphyrin functionalized by a β-D-glucoside terminated oligophenylenethylene (OPE) able to self-arrange into nano-aggregates in polar solvents has been synthesized and fully characterized in its monomeric and aggregated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara M A Gangemi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria A Castriciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Ester D'Agostino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Andrea Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Paola M Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Anna Barattucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Luigi Monsù Scolaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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3
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Abstract
In this contribution, we provide an overview of the main avenues that have emerged in gold coordination chemistry during the last years. The unique properties of gold have motivated research in gold chemistry, and especially regarding the properties and applications of gold compounds in catalysis, medicine, and materials chemistry. The advances in the synthesis and knowledge of gold coordination compounds have been possible with the design of novel ligands becoming relevant motifs that have allowed the preparation of elusive complexes in this area of research. Strong donor ligands with easily modulable electronic and steric properties, such as stable singlet carbenes or cyclometalated ligands, have been decisive in the stabilization of gold(0) species, gold fluoride complexes, gold hydrides, unprecedented π complexes, or cluster derivatives. These new ligands have been important not only from the fundamental structure and bonding studies but also for the synthesis of sophisticated catalysts to improve activity and selectivity of organic transformations. Moreover, they have enabled the facile oxidative addition from gold(I) to gold(III) and the design of a plethora of complexes with specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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4
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Bichan N, Ovchenkova E, Ksenofontov A, Kudryakova N, Semeikin A, Lomova T. Self-organizing donor-acceptor assemblies of cobalt(II) porphyrin ligated with gold(III) porphyrin or fullero[60]pyrrolidine in liquid medium. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Luo Y, Maloul S, Schönweiz S, Wächtler M, Streb C, Dietzek B. Yield-not only Lifetime-of the Photoinduced Charge-Separated State in Iridium Complex-Polyoxometalate Dyads Impact Their Hydrogen Evolution Reactivity. Chemistry 2020; 26:8045-8052. [PMID: 32237163 PMCID: PMC7383969 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Covalently linked photosensitizer-polyoxometalate (PS-POM) dyads are promising molecular systems for light-induced energy conversion processes, such as "solar" hydrogen generation. To date, very little is known of their fundamental photophysical properties which affect the catalytic reactivity and stability of the systems. PS-POM dyads often feature short-lived photoinduced charge-separated states, and the lifetimes of these states are considered crucial for the function of PS-POM dyads in molecular photocatalysis. Hence, strategies have been developed to extend the lifetimes of the photoinduced charge-separated states, either by tuning the PS photophysics or by tuning the POM redox properties. Recently, some of us reported PS-POM dyads based on cyclometalated IrIII complexes covalently linked to Anderson-type polyoxometalate. Distinct hydrogen evolution reactivity (HER) of the dyads was observed, which was tuned by varying the central metal ion M of the POMM (M=Mn3+ , Co3+ , Fe3+ ). In this manuscript, the photoinduced electron-transfer processes in the three Ir-POMM dyads are investigated to rationalize the underlying reasons for the differences in HER activity observed. We report that upon excitation of the IrIII complex, ultrafast (sub-ps) charge separation occurs, leading to different amounts of the charge-separated states (Ir.+ -POMM .- ) generated in the different dyads. However, in all dyads studied, the resulting Ir.+ -POMM .- species are short-lived (sub-ns) when compared to reference electron acceptors (e.g. porphyrins or fullerenes) reported in the literature. The reductive quenching of Ir.+ -POMM .- by a sacrificial donor, triethyl amine (1 m), to generate the intermediate Ir-POMM .- is estimated to be very efficient (70-80 %) for all dyads studied. Based on this analyses, we conclude that the yield instead of the lifetime of the Ir.+ -POMM .- charge-separated state determines the catalytic capacity of the dyads investigated. This new feature in the PS-POM photophysics could lead to new design criteria for the development of novel PS-POM dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Luo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Salam Maloul
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schönweiz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
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6
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Kaur R, Possanza F, Limosani F, Bauroth S, Zanoni R, Clark T, Arrigoni G, Tagliatesta P, Guldi DM. Understanding and Controlling Short- and Long-Range Electron/Charge-Transfer Processes in Electron Donor–Acceptor Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7898-7911. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabio Possanza
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Limosani
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefan Bauroth
- Computer-Chemistry-Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robertino Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemistry-Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, via G. Orus 2/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Filatova EA, Pozharskii AF, Gulevskaya AV, Ozeryanskii VA, Tsybulin SV, Filarowski A. Arylene-Ethynylene Oligomers Based on the Proton Sponge. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Filatova
- Department of Chemistry; Southern Federal University; Zorge str., 7 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
| | - Alexander F. Pozharskii
- Department of Chemistry; Southern Federal University; Zorge str., 7 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
| | - Anna V. Gulevskaya
- Department of Chemistry; Southern Federal University; Zorge str., 7 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
| | - Valery A. Ozeryanskii
- Department of Chemistry; Southern Federal University; Zorge str., 7 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
| | - Semyon V. Tsybulin
- Department of Chemistry; Southern Federal University; Zorge str., 7 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
| | - Aleksander Filarowski
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wroclaw; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
- Industrial University of Tyumen; Volodarskogo 38 625000 Tyumen Russian Federation
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8
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Krug M, Stangel C, Zieleniewska A, Clark T, Torres T, Coutsolelos AG, Guldi DM. Combining Zinc Phthalocyanines, Oligo(p-Phenylenevinylenes), and Fullerenes to Impact Reorganization Energies and Attenuation Factors. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2806-2815. [PMID: 31471925 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A study on electron transfer in three electron donor-acceptor complexes is reported. These architectures consist of a zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) as the excited-state electron donor and a fullerene (C60 ) as the ground-state electron acceptor. These complexes are brought together by axial coordination at ZnPc. The key variable in our design is the length of the molecular spacer, namely, oligo-p-phenylenevinylenes. The lack of appreciable ground-state interactions is in accordance with strong excited-state interactions, as inferred from the quenching of ZnPc centered fluorescence and the presence of a short-lived fluorescence component. Full-fledged femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy assays corroborated that the ZnPc ⋅ + -C60 ⋅ - charge-separated state formation comes at the expense of excited-state interactions following ZnPc photoexcitation. At a first glance, the ZnPc ⋅ + -C60 ⋅ - charge-separated state lifetime increased from 0.4 to 86.6 ns as the electron donor-acceptor separation increased from 8.8 to 29.1 Å. A closer look at the kinetics revealed that the changes in charge-separated state lifetime are tied to a decrease in the electronic coupling element from 132 to 1.2 cm-1 , an increase in the reorganization energy of charge transfer from 0.43 to 0.63 eV, and a large attenuation factor of 0.27 Å-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Krug
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Stangel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Anna Zieleniewska
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomás Torres
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 -, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Athanassios G Coutsolelos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Porphyrinoid–Fullerene Hybrids as Candidates in Artificial Photosynthetic Schemes. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/c5030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Natural photosynthesis inspired the scientific community to design and synthesize molecular assemblies that possess advanced light-harvesting and electron-transfer features. In this review, we present the preparation and the photophysical investigation of novel porphyrin–fullerene hybrids acting as artificial photosynthetic systems. Porphyrinoids stand as chlorophyll analogues and have emerged as suitable photosensitizers in supramolecular electron donor–acceptor hybrids. Fullerenes (C60) are versatile electron acceptors with small reorganization energy and low reduction potentials. The novel derivatives presented herein mimic the fundamental features of the photosynthetic reaction center, namely, light harvesting, charge separation, and charge transport. To this end, a comprehensive analysis on these key processes that occur in various porphyrin–fullerene entities is illustrated in this work.
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10
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Wu ZY, Yang SY. Synthesis, spectral and redox properties of closely spaced pyrrole-β-position-linked porphyrin-fullerene dyads. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Complexation of free-base and 3d transition metal(II) phthalocyanines with endohedral fullerene Sc3N@C80. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Preiß S, Päpcke A, Burkhardt L, Großmann L, Lochbrunner S, Bauer M, Opatz T, Heinze K. Gold(II) Porphyrins in Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:5940-5949. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Preiß
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ayla Päpcke
- Institute of Physics and Department of Life, Light, and MatterUniversity of Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Lukas Burkhardt
- Department Chemie and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Paderborn University Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Luca Großmann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute of Physics and Department of Life, Light, and MatterUniversity of Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department Chemie and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Paderborn University Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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13
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Spies JA, Perets EA, Fisher KJ, Rudshteyn B, Batista VS, Brudvig GW, Schmuttenmaer CA. Collaboration between experiment and theory in solar fuels research. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1865-1873. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As the challenges in science increase in scope and interdisciplinarity, collaboration becomes increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Spies
- Department of Chemistry
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University
| | | | - Katherine J. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University
| | - Benjamin Rudshteyn
- Department of Chemistry
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University
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14
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Luo Y, Wächtler M, Barthelmes K, Winter A, Schubert US, Dietzek B. Coexistence of distinct intramolecular electron transfer pathways in polyoxometalate based molecular triads. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11740-11748. [PMID: 29651486 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyoxometalate (POM)-associated charge-separated states, formed by the photoinduced oxidation of a covalently attached photosensitizer and reduction of the POM, have attracted much attention due to the remarkable catalytic properties of the reduced POMs. However, short lifetimes of the POM-associated charge-separated state, which in some cases lead to the backward electron transfer being more rapid than the formation of the charge-separated state itself, are generally observed. Recently, we reported on the first example of a relative long-lived (τ = 470 ns) charge-separated state in a Ru(ii) bis(terpyridine)-POM molecular dyad. In this manuscript, further studies on extended molecular structures - two molecular triads - which contain an additional electron donor, phenothiazine (PTZ) or π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF), are discussed. We show that the excitation of the photosensitizer leads to the population of two distinct MLCT states, which differ in the distribution of excess electron density on the two distinct tpy ligands. These two MLCT states decay separately and, thus, constitute the starting points for distinct intramolecular electron-transfer pathways leading to the simultaneous population of two partially charge-separated states, i.e. PTZ˙+-Ru(tpy)2˙--POM and PTZ-RuIII(tpy)2-POM˙-. These independent decay pathways are unaffected by the choice of the electron donor. Thus, the initial charge distribution within the coordination environment of the photocenter determines the nature of the subsequent (partially) charge separated state that is formed in the triads. These results might open new avenues to design molecular interfaces, in which the directionality of electron transfer can be tuned by the choice of initial excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Luo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
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15
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Stangel C, Plass F, Charisiadis A, Giannoudis E, Chararalambidis G, Karikis K, Rotas G, Zervaki GE, Lathiotakis NN, Tagmatarchis N, Kahnt A, Coutsolelos AG. Interfacing tetrapyridyl-C60 with porphyrin dimers via π-conjugated bridges: artificial photosynthetic systems with ultrafast charge separation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:21269-21279. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel D–π–A supramolecular hybrid system is reported, consisting of a fullerene derivative as electron acceptor and zinc porphyrin dimers as electron donors.
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16
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Heinze K. Die Suche nach einkernigem Gold(II) und seine mögliche Rolle in Photokatalyse und Medizinalchemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Heinze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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17
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Heinze K. The Quest for Mononuclear Gold(II) and Its Potential Role in Photocatalysis and Drug Action. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16126-16134. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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18
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Lauck M, Förster C, Gehrig D, Heinze K. Cobaltocenium substituents as electron acceptors in photosynthetic model dyads. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Fredin LA, Persson P. Computational characterization of competing energy and electron transfer states in bimetallic donor-acceptor systems for photocatalytic conversion. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:104310. [PMID: 27634263 PMCID: PMC5181788 DOI: 10.1063/1.4962254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapidly growing interest in photocatalytic systems for direct solar fuel production such as hydrogen generation from water splitting is grounded in the unique opportunity to achieve charge separation in molecular systems provided by electron transfer processes. In general, both photoinduced and catalytic processes involve complicated dynamics that depend on both structural and electronic effects. Here the excited state landscape of metal centered light harvester-catalyst pairs is explored using density functional theory calculations. In weakly bound systems, the interplay between structural and electronic factors involved can be constructed from the various mononuclear relaxed excited states. For this study, supramolecular states of electron transfer and excitation energy transfer character have been constructed from constituent full optimizations of multiple charge/spin states for a set of three Ru-based light harvesters and nine transition metal catalysts (based on Ru, Rh, Re, Pd, and Co) in terms of energy, structure, and electronic properties. The complete set of combined charge-spin states for each donor-acceptor system provides information about the competition of excited state energy transfer states with the catalytically active electron transfer states, enabling the identification of the most promising candidates for photocatalytic applications from this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Fredin
- Chemical Informatics Research Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mailstop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Petter Persson
- Chemistry Department, Theoretical Chemistry Division, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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20
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Majewski MB, Smith JG, Wolf MO, Patrick BO. Long‐Lived, Emissive Excited States in Direct and Amide‐Linked Thienyl‐Substituted Ru
II
Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek B. Majewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada, http://https://groups.chem.ubc.ca/wolf/
| | - Jeremy G. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada, http://https://groups.chem.ubc.ca/wolf/
| | - Michael O. Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada, http://https://groups.chem.ubc.ca/wolf/
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada, http://https://groups.chem.ubc.ca/wolf/
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21
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Preiß S, Melomedov J, Wünsche von Leupoldt A, Heinze K. Gold(iii) tetraarylporphyrin amino acid derivatives: ligand or metal centred redox chemistry? Chem Sci 2016; 7:596-610. [PMID: 29896349 PMCID: PMC5952892 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03429a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations show that the site of reduction of porphyrinato gold(iii) complexes depends on the counterions X, the meso substituents R and the solvent.
Meso tetraarylporphyrinato gold(iii) cations bearing different substituents at the aryl substituents (COOMe, COOH, NO2, NH2, NHAc, H, OnBu, CF3) were prepared and characterised. Their reversible one-electron reductions were studied by (spectro)electrochemical means as well as by selective chemical one-electron reduction using cobaltocene. The preferred location of the spin density, namely gold centred or porphyrin centred, was probed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (g values, 197Au hyperfine coupling) as well as by density functional theory calculations (spin densities). In all cases studied experimentally and theoretically, the gold(ii) valence isomer (5d9 electron configuration) is preferred over the porphyrin π radical anion. In the hexafluorophosphate salt of the nitro derivative a further nitro π radical anion valence isomeric species is significantly populated. In the presence of chloride ions this nitro π radical anion/AuII valence isomeric equilibrium evolves towards the porphyrin π radical anion. The electronic structures of the nitro π radical and the AuII σ radical valence isomers (5dx2–y2 orbital) could be calculated by DFT methods. The electron transfer pathway between the nitro π radical anion and the AuII valence isomer is well described by the location of the hexfluorophosphate counterion, the Au–N distances (corresponding to the totally symmetric stretching vibration), the symmetric stretching mode of the NO2 substituent and a meso-nitrophenyl rotation. The specific geometric and electronic properties of the favoured gold(ii) σ radical valence isomer, namely counterion dislocation and σ symmetry of the redox orbital, might stabilise charge-shifted states [(gold(ii) porphyrin)-donor˙+] by retarding the back electron transfer to give the ground state (gold(iii) porphyrin)-donor. This will guide the design of (photo-induced) electron transfer pathways with tetraarylporphyrinato gold(iii) complexes as electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Preiß
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-6131-39-25886
| | - Jascha Melomedov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-6131-39-25886
| | - Anica Wünsche von Leupoldt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-6131-39-25886
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-6131-39-25886
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22
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Krasnov PO, Kuzubov AA, Kholtobina AS, Varganov SA, Kuzubova MV. Static polarization of the supramolecular dyads of fullerene C60 with porphyrin derivatives. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461550056x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The nonlinear optical properties of four supramolecular dyads consisting of fullerene C 60 non-covalently bonded to porphyrin, porphyrazine, tetrabenzoporphyrin and phthalocyanine were investigated by calculating their electronic polarizability and first- and second-order hyperpolarizabilities using the finite field method and the density functional theory with the Grimme dispersion correction. Large first- and second-order hyperpolarizabilities result in nonlinear dependence of the polarization of dyads on the strength of external electric field. The increase in the size of the π-conjugated electron system of the porphyrin analogs leads to the increase of the polarizability and first- and second-order hyperpolarizabilities of the dyads. The absence of the covalent bonds between the components of the dyads prevents the field-induced electron transfer from porphyrin analogs to fullerene. The main reason for the nonlinear behavior of the polarization of dyads is the mutual polarization of fullerene and porphyrin analogs amplified by the external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel O. Krasnov
- Siberian State Technological University, 82 Mira Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
| | - Alexandr A. Kuzubov
- Siberian State Technological University, 82 Mira Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
| | | | - Sergey A. Varganov
- University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557-0216, USA
| | - Maria V. Kuzubova
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
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23
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Gilbert Gatty M, Kahnt A, Esdaile LJ, Hutin M, Anderson HL, Albinsson B. Hopping versus Tunneling Mechanism for Long-Range Electron Transfer in Porphyrin Oligomer Bridged Donor–Acceptor Systems. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7598-611. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5115064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Gilbert Gatty
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Louisa J. Esdaile
- Department
of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12
Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Hutin
- Department
of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12
Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12
Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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24
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Tagg T, Kjaergaard HG, Lane JR, McAdam CJ, Robinson BH, Simpson J. Unusual Low-Energy Near-Infrared Bands for Ferrocenyl–Naphthalimide Donor–Acceptor Dyads with Aromatic Spacer Groups: Prediction by Time-Dependent DFT and Observation by OTTLE Spectroscopy. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tei Tagg
- School
of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Henrik G. Kjaergaard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph R. Lane
- School
of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - C. John McAdam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Brian H. Robinson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jim Simpson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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25
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Kuhar K, Fredin LA, Persson P. Exploring Photoinduced Excited State Evolution in Heterobimetallic Ru(II)–Co(III) Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7378-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510950u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Korina Kuhar
- Chemistry
Department, Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa A. Fredin
- Chemistry
Department, Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Chemistry
Department, Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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26
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Linton KE, Fox MA, Pålsson LO, Bryce MR. Oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene) (OPE) Molecular Wires: Synthesis and Length Dependence of Photoinduced Charge Transfer in OPEs with Triarylamine and Diaryloxadiazole End Groups. Chemistry 2015; 21:3997-4007. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Liu D, Liu X, Liu Y, Yu Y, Chen F, Wang C. Host–guest interaction dictated selective adsorption and fluorescence quenching of a luminescent lightweight metal–organic framework toward liquid explosives. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:15237-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01883d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Günsel A, Güney S, Kandaz M. Gemini-type 1(4),8(11)-15(18),22(25)-fluoroprobe attached as macrocyclically electrovalent mononuclear and bunk-type dinuclear phthalocyanines. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Jiménez ÁJ, Sekita M, Caballero E, Marcos ML, Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Guldi DM, Torres T. Assembling a Phthalocyanine and Perylenediimide Donor-Acceptor Hybrid through a Platinum(II) Diacetylide Linker. Chemistry 2013; 19:14506-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Sforazzini G, Orentas E, Bolag A, Sakai N, Matile S. Toward Oriented Surface Architectures with Three Coaxial Charge-Transporting Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12082-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ja405776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edvinas Orentas
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Altan Bolag
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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31
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Asano MS, Okamura K, Jin-mon A, Takahashi S, Kaizu Y. Enhanced intersystem crossing due to long-range exchange interaction in copper(II) porphyrin-free base porphyrin dimers: HOMO and spacer dependence. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Sforazzini G, Turdean R, Sakai N, Matile S. Double-channel photosystems with antiparallel redox gradients: templated stack exchange with porphyrins and phthalocyanines. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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