Synthesis, Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ternary Complexes of (Me4P+)·{[Fe(I)Pc(−2)]−}·Triptycene and (Me4P+)·{[Fe(I)Pc(−2)]−}·(N,N,N′,N′-Tetrabenzyl-p-phenylenediamine)0.5 with Iron(I) Phthalocyanine Anions

Cobalt and Iron Phthalocyanine Derivatives: Effect of Substituents on the Structure of Thin Films and Their Sensor Response to Nitric Oxide

In this work, we study the effect of substituents in cobalt(II) and iron(II) phthalocyanines (CoPcR₄ and FePcR₄ with R = H, F, Cl, tBu) on the structural features of their films, and their chemi-resistive sensor response to a low concentration of nitric oxide. For the correct interpretation of diffractograms of phthalocyanine films, structures of CoPcCl₄ and FePcCl₄ single crystals were determined for the first time. Films were tested as active layers for the determination of low concentrations of NO (10-1000 ppb). It was found that the best sensor response to NO was observed for the films of chlorinated derivatives MPcCl₄ (M = Co, Fe), while the lowest response was in the case of MPc(tBu)₄ films. FePcCl₄ films exhibited the maximal response to NO, with a calculated limit of detection (LOD) of 3 ppb; the response and recovery times determined at 30 ppb of NO were 30 s and 80 s, respectively. The LOD of a CoPcCl₄ film was 7 ppb. However, iron phthalocyanine films had low stability and their sensitivity to NO decreased rapidly over time, while the response of cobalt phthalocyanine films remained stable for at least several months. In order to explain the obtained regularities, quantum chemical calculations of the binding parameters between NO and phthalocyanine molecules were carried out. It was shown that the binding of NO to the side atoms of phthalocyanines occurred through van der Waals forces, and the values of the binding energies were in direct correlation with the values of the sensor response to NO.

Trinuclear coordination assemblies of low-spin dicyano manganese(II) (S = 1/2) and iron(II) (S = 0) phthalocyanines with manganese(II) acetylacetonate, tris(cyclopentadienyl)gadolinium(III) and neodymium(III)

The reaction of Mn^IIPc, Fe^IIPc or Fe^IIPcCl₁₆ with KCN in the presence of cryptand[2.2.2] yielded dicyano-complexes {cryptand(K⁺)}₂{M^II(CN)₂(macrocycle^2-)}^2-·XC₆H₄Cl₂ (M = Mn and Fe, X = 1 and 2) that were used for the preparation of trinuclear assemblies of the general formula {cryptand(K⁺)}₂{M^II(CN)₂Pc·(ML)₂}^2-·nC₆H₄Cl₂ (M^II = Mn^II and Fe^II; n = 1, 4 and 5). These assemblies were formed via coordination of two manganese(II) acetylacetonate (ML = Mn^II(acac)₂, S = 5/2), tris(cyclopentadienyl)gadolinium (ML = Cp₃Gd^III, S = 7/2) or tris(cyclopentadienyl)neodymium (ML = Cp₃Nd^III, S = 3/2) units to the nitrogen atoms of bidentate cyano ligands. The N(CN)-Mn{Mn^II(acac)₂} bond is 2.129(3) Å long but the bonds are elongated to 2.43-2.49 Å for tris(cyclopentadienyl)lanthanides. {Cryptand(K⁺)}₂{Mn^II(CN)₂Pc·(Mn^II(acac)₂)₂}^2-·5C₆H₄Cl₂ (2) contains three Mn(II) ions in different spin states (S = 5/2 and 1/2). Strong antiferromagnetic coupling of spins observed between them with the exchange interaction (J) of -17.6 cm^-1 enables the formation of a high S = 9/2 spin state for {Mn^II(CN)₂Pc·(Mn^II(acac)₂)₂}^2- dianions at 2 K. The estimated exchange interaction between Mn^II (S = 1/2) and Gd^III (S = 7/2) spins in {Mn^II(CN)₂Pc·(Cp₃Gd^III)₂}^2- is only -1.1 cm^-1, and in contrast to 2, nearly independent Gd^III and Mn^II centers are formed. As a result, no transition to the high-spin state is observed in {Mn^II(CN)₂Pc·(Cp₃Gd^III)₂}^2-. The {Mn^II(CN)₂Pc·(Cp₃Nd^III)₂}^2- and{Fe^II(CN)₂Pc·(Cp₃Nd^III)₂}^2- dianions with Cp₃Nd^III show a decrease of χ_MT values in the whole studied temperature range (300-1.9 K). A similar behaviour was found previously for pristine Cp₃Nd^III and Cp₃Nd^III·L complexes (L = alkylisocyanide ligand).

Weak Antiferromagnetic Exchange and Ferromagnetic Alignment of FeII (S=2) Spins in Differently Charged {HAT ⋅ (FeII Cl2 )3 }n (n=2- and 3-) Assemblies of Hexaazatriphenylenes (HAT)

Hexaazatrianthracene (HATA) and hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile {HAT(CN)₆ } are reduced by metallic iron in the presence of crystal violet (CV⁺ )(Cl^- ). Anionic ligands are produced, which simultaneously coordinate three Fe^II Cl₂ to form (CV⁺ )₂ {HATA ⋅ (Fe^II Cl₂ )₃ }^2-  ⋅ 3 C₆ H₄ Cl₂ (1) and (CV⁺ )₃ {HAT(CN)_6. (Fe^II Cl₂ )₃ }^3-  ⋅ 0.5CVCl ⋅ 2.5 C₆ H₄ Cl₂ (2). High-spin (S=2) Fe^II atoms in both structures are arranged in equilateral triangles at a distance of 7 Å. An antiferromagnetic exchange is observed between Fe^II in {HATA ⋅ (Fe^II Cl₂ )₃ }^2- (1) with a Weiss temperature (Θ) of -80 K, the PHI estimated exchange interaction (J) is -4.7 cm^-1 . The {HAT(CN)₆  ⋅ (Fe^II Cl₂ )₃ }^3- assembly is obtained in 2. The formation of HAT(CN)₆ ^.3- is supported by the appearance of an intense EPR signal with g=2.0037. The magnetic behavior of 2 is described by a strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the Fe^II and HAT(CN)₆ ^.3- spins with J₁ =-164 cm^-1 (-2 J formalism) and by a weaker antiferromagnetic coupling between the Fe^II spins with J₂ =-15.4 cm^-1 . The stronger coupling results in the spins of the three Fe^II Cl₂ units to be aligned parallel to each other in the assembly. As a result, an increase of the χ_M T values is observed with the decrease of temperature from 9.82 at 300 K up to 15.06 emu ⋅ K/mol at 6 K, and the Weiss temperature is also positive being at +23 K. Thus, a change in the charge and spin state of the HAT-type ligand to ⋅3^- results in ferromagnetic alignment of the Fe^II spins, yielding a high-spin (S=11/2) system. DFT calculations showed that, due to the high symmetry and nearly degenerated LUMO of both HATA and HAT(CN)₆ , their complexes with Fe^II Cl₂ have a variety of closely lying excited high-spin states with multiplicity up to S=15/2.

Complexes of transition metal carbonyl clusters with tin(II) phthalocyanine in neutral and radical anion states: methods of synthesis, structures and properties

Coordination of tin(II) phthalocyanine to transition metal carbonyl clusters in neutral {Sn^II(Pc^2-)}⁰ or radical anion {Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^- states is reported. Direct interaction of Co₄(CO)₁₂ with {Sn^II(Pc^2-)}⁰ yields a crystalline complex {Co₄(CO)₁₁·Sn^II(Pc^2-)} (1). There is no charge transfer from the cluster to phthalocyanine in 1, which preserves the diamagnetic Pc^2- macrocycle. The Ru₃(CO)₁₂ cluster forms complexes with one or two equivalents of {Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^- to yield crystalline {Cryptand[2.2.2](Na⁺)}{Ru₃(CO)₁₁·Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^- (2) or {Cryptand[2.2.2](M⁺)}₂{Ru₃(CO)₁₀·[Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)]₂}^2-·4C₆H₄Cl₂ (3) (M⁺ is K or Cs). Paramagnetic {Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^- species in 2 are packed in π-stacking [{Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^-]₂ dimers, providing strong antiferromagnetic coupling of spins with exchange interaction J/k_B = -19 K. Reduction of Ru₃(CO)₁₂, Os₃(CO)₁₂ and Ir₄(CO)₁₂ clusters by decamethylchromocene (Cp*₂Cr) and subsequent oxidation of the reduced species by {Sn^IVCl₂(Pc^2-)}⁰ yield a series of complexes with high-spin Cp*₂Cr⁺ counter cations (S = 3/2): (Cp*₂Cr⁺){Ru₃(CO)₁₁·Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^-·C₆H₄Cl₂ (4), (Cp*₂Cr⁺){Os₃(CO)₁₀Cl·Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^-·C₆H₄Cl₂ (5) and (Cp*₂Cr⁺){Ir₄(CO)₁₁·Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}₂^- (6). It is seen that reduced clusters are oxidized by Sn^IV, which is transferred to Sn^II, whereas the Pc^2- macrocycle is reduced to Pc˙^3-. In the case of Os₃(CO)₁₂, oxidation of the metal atom in the cluster is observed to be accompanied by the formation of Os₃(CO)₁₀Cl with one Os^I center. Rather weak magnetic coupling is observed between paramagnetic Cp*₂Cr⁺ and {Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^- species in 4, but this exchange interaction is enhanced in 5 owing to Os₃(CO)₁₀Cl clusters with paramagnetic Os^I (S = 1/2) also being involved in antiferromagnetic coupling of spins. The formation of {Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^- with radical trianion Pc˙^3- macrocycles in 2-5 is supported by the appearance of new absorption bands in the NIR spectra and essential N_meso-C bond alternation in Pc (for 3-5). On the whole, this work shows that both diamagnetic {Sn^II(Pc^2-)}⁰ and paramagnetic {Sn^II(Pc˙^3-)}^- ligands substitute carbonyl ligands in the transition metal carbonyl clusters, forming well-soluble paramagnetic solids absorbing light in the visible and NIR ranges.

Insightful understanding of charge transfer processes in metalated phthalocyanines

Marcus electron transfer theory coupling with quantum-mechanics (QM) calculations was applied to study the hole mobilities of a series of metalated phthalocyanine molecular crystals. The effect of metal on the...

Macrocycle- and metal-centered reduction of metal tetraphenylporphyrins where the metal is copper(II), nickel(II) and iron(II)

The reduction of metal(II) tetraphenylporphyrins, where metal(II) is copper, nickel or iron, has been performed in toluene solution in the presence of a cryptand. Cesium anthracenide was used as a reductant. Crystalline salts {cryptand(Cs⁺)}₂{Cu^II(TPP^4-)}^2- (1) and {cryptand(Cs⁺)}{Ni^I(TPP^2-)}^-·C₆H₅CH₃ (2) have been obtained. The two-electron reduction of {Cu^II(TPP^2-)}⁰ is centered on the macrocycle allowing one to study for the first time the structure and properties of the TPP^4- tetraanions in the solid state. Tetraanions have a diamagnetic state and show essential C-C_meso bond alternation. New bands attributed to TPP^4- appear at 670, 770 and 870 nm. Unpaired S = 1/2 spin is localized on Cu^II. The one-electron reduction of {Ni^II(TPP^2-)}⁰ centered on nickel provides the formation of {Ni^I(TPP^2-)}^- with unpaired S = 1/2 spin localized on Ni^I at 100(2) K. The effective magnetic moment of 2 is 1.68μ_B at 120 K and a broad asymmetric EPR signal characteristic of Ni^I is observed for 2 and also for (Bu₃MeP⁺){Ni^I(TPP^2-)}^-·C₆H₅CH₃ (3) in the 4.2-120 K range. Since dianionic TPP^2- macrocycles are present at 100(2) K, no alternation of C-C_meso bonds is observed in 2. The excited quartet S = 3/2 state according to the calculations is positioned close to the ground S = 1/2 state. In the excited state, charge transfer from Ni^I to the macrocycle takes place resulting in the formation of Ni^II with S = 1 and TPP˙^3- with S = 1/2 in the {Ni^II(TPP˙^3-)}^- anions. Therefore, the increase in the magnetic moment of 2 above 150 K is attributed to the population of the excited quartet state with a gap of 750 K. Salt 2 is EPR silent above 150 K and manifests absorption bands characteristic of TPP˙^3- at RT. The reduction of Ni^II(TPP^2-) and Fe^II(TPP^2-) by cesium anthracenide in the presence of Bu₃MeP⁺ yields crystals of 3 and (Bu₃MeP⁺){Fe^I(TPP^2-)}^-·C₆H₅CH₃ (4) whose crystal structures and optical properties are also presented. DFT calculations have been carried out for {M^II(TPP^2-)} (M = Cu, Ni and Fe) and their anions to interpret the experimental results obtained for 1-4.

Interaction of InIIIClPc and TlIIIClPc phthalocyanines with deprotonated porphyrin HTPP− anions. Metal-centred reduction of TlIIIClPc

Reactions of In[Formula: see text]ClPc or Tl[Formula: see text]ClPc phthalocyanines with monodeprotonated tetraphenylporphyrin HTPP[Formula: see text] anions have been studied under reduction or in the presence of [Formula: see text]-methylimidazole ([Formula: see text]-MeIm). Formation of salt {In[Formula: see text]-MeIm)2(TPP[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text]{In[Formula: see text](Pc[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text] ⋅ 4C6H4Cl2 (1) justifies partial abstraction of indium(III) atoms from In[Formula: see text]ClPc to form cationic {In[Formula: see text](TPP[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text] porphyrins[Formula: see text]solvated by [Formula: see text]-MeIm and double-decker {In[Formula: see text](Pc[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text] anions. Crystals of Tl[Formula: see text](HTPP[Formula: see text] (2) have been only obtained at the interaction of HTPP[Formula: see text] with Tl[Formula: see text]ClPc under reduction indicating that Tl[Formula: see text] is reduced to Tl[Formula: see text] and is abstracted by HTPP[Formula: see text]. To confirm the possibility of Tl[Formula: see text] formation under reduction we have studied reduction of Tl[Formula: see text]ClPc by sodium fluorenone in the presence of cryptand[2.2.2]. Crystals of {Cryptand(Na[Formula: see text]}(Tl[Formula: see text](Pc[Formula: see text]}[Formula: see text] ⋅ C6H4Cl2(3) have been isolated indicating metal-centered reduction of Tl[Formula: see text]ClPc to form Tl[Formula: see text] and preserving dianionic Pc[Formula: see text] macrocycles. Optical spectra and structures of the obtained compounds are discussed and compared with those of pristine M[Formula: see text]ClPc. It is shown that 1–3 are EPR silent due to the formation of diamagnetic components.

Dianionic States of Trithiadodecaazahexaphyrin Complexes with Homotrinuclear MII3O Clusters (M = Ni and Cu): Crystal Structures, Metal- Or Macrocycle-Centered Reduction, and Doublet-Quartet Transitions in the Dianions

Metal complexes of trithiadodecaazahexaphyrin (Hhp) that contain M^II₃O clusters inside a π-extended trianionic (Hhp^3-) macrocycle have been prepared. Studies of the magnetic properties of Ni^II₃O(Hhp) and Cu^II₃O(Hhp) reveal a diamagnetic and EPR-silent trianionic (Hhp^3-) macrocycle and diamagnetic Ni^II₃(O^2-) or paramagnetic Cu^II₃(O^2-) tetracations. The positive charge of M^II₃O(Hhp) is compensated by one acetate anion {M^II₃O(Hhp)}⁺(CH₃CO₂^-). The three-electron reduction of {M^II₃O(Hhp)}⁺ yields {cryptand(Cs⁺)}₂{Ni^II₂Ni^IO(Hhp^5-)}^2-·2C₇H₈ (1) and {cryptand(Cs⁺)}₂{Cu^II₃O(Hhp^•6-)}^2-·C₇H₈ (2) crystalline salts. The magnetic properties of 1 reveal the formation of Hhp^5- and the reduction of nickel(II) to the paramagnetic Ni^I ion (S = 1/2), which is accompanied by the formation of the {Ni^II₂Ni^IO(Hhp^5-)}^2- dianion. As a result, the magnetic moment of 1 is 1.68 μ_B in the 20-220 K range, and a broad EPR signal of Ni^I was observed. The Hhp^5- macrocycle has a singlet ground state, but the increase in the magnitude of the magnetic moment of 1 above 220 K is attributed to the population of the triplet excited state in Hhp^5-. The {Ni^II₂Ni^IO(Hhp^5-)}^2- dianion is transferred from the doublet excited state to the quartet excited state with an energy gap of 1420 ± 50 K. Salt 1 also shows an unusually strong low-energy NIR absorption, which was observed at 1000-2200 nm. In 2, a highly reduced Hhp^•6- radical hexaanion (S = 1/2) coexists with a Cu^II₃(O^2-) cluster (S = 1/2) in the {Cu^II₃O(Hhp^•6-)}^2- dianions. The dianions have a triplet ground state with antiferromagnetic exchange between two S = 1/2 spins with J = -6.4 cm^-1. The reduction of Hhp in both salts equalizes the initially alternated C-N bonds, supporting the increase in the Hhp macrocycle electron delocalization.

Molecular structures, and optical and magnetic properties of free-base tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine in various reduction states

The synthesis, and spectral and structural characterization of the novel radical anion and dianion salts of free-base tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine (H₂TPyzPz) as well as studies of their magnetic properties have been described.

Ring-Oxidized Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine Cations: Structure, Spectroscopy, and Decomposition Behavior

A bromonium oxidizing agent was used to produce a ring-oxidized zinc phthalocyanine (PcZn), [PcZn(solvent)]^•₂[BAr^F₄]₂ (1·solvent), in good yield. This material is dimeric in the solid state with one axially coordinated solvent [tetrahydrofuran (THF) or 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME)] and close intradimer ring-ring distances of 3.18 and 3.136 Å (THF and DME respectively); this proximity facilitates strong antiferromagnetic coupling to yield diamagnetic dimers. 1·THF is present in solution as a monomer and a dimer. In CH₂Cl₂, the dimer is favored above 0.1 mM, and it is almost exclusively present in solvents with a high dielectric constant such as acetonitrile. The material 1·THF/DME decomposes in DME to a meso-nitrogen-protonated species, [HPcZn(DME)₂][BAr^F₄] (2), which was isolated and represents the first example of such a structurally characterized, protonated, unsubstituted PcM complex. A partially oxidized dimer or "pimer" [(PcZn(DME))₂]^•[BAr^F₄] (3) was also structurally characterized and has a intradimer ring-ring distance of 3.192 Å, similar to 1·THF/DME. Dimer 3 also represents the first isolated PcM-based pimer. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis of a 1.0 mM solution of 1·DME in DME showed the production of 3 over hours by the combination of 1·DME and 2 in solution.

Hole Mobility Modulation in Single-Crystal Metal Phthalocyanines by Changing the Metal-π/π-π Interactions

Weak intermolecular interactions in organic semiconducting molecular crystals play an important role in determining molecular packing and electronic properties. Single crystals of metal-free and metal phthalocyanines were synthesized to investigate how the coordination of the central metal atom affects their molecular packing and resultant electronic properties. Single-crystal field-effect transistors were made and showed a hole mobility order of ZnPc>MnPc>FePc>CoPc>CuPc>H₂ Pc>NiPc. Density functional theory (DFT) and 1D polaron transport theory reach a good agreement in reproducing the experimentally measured trend for hole mobility. Additional detail analysis at the DFT level suggests the metal atom coordination into H₂ Pc planes can tune the hole mobility via adjusting the intermolecular distances along the shortest axis with closest parallel π stackings.

Salts with titanyl and vanadyl phthalocyanine radical anions. Molecular design and effect of cations on the structure and magnetic and optical properties

Our recent data on radical anion salts of titanyl (Ti^IVOPc) and vanadyl (V^IVOPc) phthalocyanines as well as additional new data are summarized.

Tetrabutylammonium Salts of Aluminum(III) and Gallium(III) Phthalocyanine Radical Anions Bonded with Fluoren-9-olato- Anions and Indium(III) Phthalocyanine Bromide Radical Anions

Reduction of aluminum(III), gallium(III), and indium(III) phthalocyanine chlorides by sodium fluorenone ketyl in the presence of tetrabutylammonium cations yielded crystalline salts of the type (Bu₄ N⁺ )₂ [M^III (HFl-O^- )(Pc^.3- )]^.- (Br^- )⋅1.5 C₆ H₄ Cl₂ [M=Al (1), Ga (2); HFl-O^- =fluoren-9-olato^- anion; Pc=phthalocyanine] and (Bu₄ N⁺ ) [In^III Br(Pc^.3- )]^.- ⋅0.875 C₆ H₄ Cl₂ ⋅0.125 C₆ H₁₄ (3). The salts were found to contain Pc^.3- radical anions with negatively charged phthalocyanine macrocycles, as evidenced by the presence of intense bands of Pc^.3- in the near-IR region and a noticeable blueshift in both the Q and Soret bands of phthalocyanine. The metal(III) atoms coordinate HFl-O^- anions in 1 and 2 with short Al-O and Ga-O bond lengths of 1.749(2) and 1.836(6) Å, respectively. The C-O bonds [1.402(3) and 1.391(11) Å in 1 and 2, respectively] in the HFl-O^- anions are longer than the same bond in the fluorenone ketyl (1.27-1.31 Å). Salts 1-3 show effective magnetic moments of 1.72, 1.66, and 1.79 μ_B at 300 K, respectively, owing to the presence of unpaired S=1/2 spins on Pc^.3- . These spins are coupled antiferromagnetically with Weiss temperatures of -22, -14, and -30 K for 1-3, respectively. Coupling can occur in the corrugated two-dimensional phthalocyanine layers of 1 and 2 with an exchange interaction of J/k_B =-0.9 and -1.1 K, respectively, and in the π-stacking {[In^III Br(Pc^.3- )]^.- }₂ dimers of 3 with an exchange interaction of J/k_B =-10.8 K. The salts show intense electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals attributed to Pc^.3- . It was found that increasing the size of the central metal atom strongly broadened these EPR signals.

Crystalline salts of metal phthalocyanine radical anions [M(Pc˙3−)]˙− (M = CuII, PbII, VIVO, SnIVCl2) with cryptand(Na+) cations: structure, optical and magnetic properties

Radical anion salts of metal phthalocyanines (M = Cu^II, Pb^II, V^IVO and Sn^IVCl₂) with the {cryptand(Na⁺)} cations have been obtained and studied.

Fullerene C60dianion salt, (Me4N+)2(C602−)·(TPC)2·2C6H4Cl2, where TPC is triptycene, obtained by a multicomponent approach

The hexagonal TPC network accommodates small Me₄N⁺cations and becomes a template to build zigzag closely packed chains from the C₆₀²⁻dianions in (Me₄N⁺)₂(C₆₀²⁻)·(TPC)₂·2C₆H₄Cl₂(1) (figure).

Charge transfer complexes of metal-free phthalocyanine radical anions with decamethylmetallocenium cations: (Cp*2Co+)(H2Pc˙−)·solvent and (Cp*2Cr+)(H2Pc˙−)·4C6H4Cl2

Complexes of metal-free phthalocyanine (H₂Pc) and decamethylmetallocenium cations were obtained and studied.

Radical anion and dianion salts of titanyl macrocycles with acceptor substituents or an extended π-system

Crystalline anionic salts of titanyl macrocycles: (PPN⁺)₂{OTi^IV(PcCl₈⁴⁻)}²⁻ (1), (PPN⁺){OTi^IV(Nc˙³⁻)}˙⁻·solv (2) and (PPN⁺)₂{OTi^IV(AceTPrzPz⁴⁻)}²⁻·solv (see figure, 3) have been obtained and their optical and magnetic properties are studied.

Coordination Complexes of Transition Metals (M = Mo, Fe, Rh, and Ru) with Tin(II) Phthalocyanine in Neutral, Monoanionic, and Dianionic States

The ability of tin atoms to form stable Sn-M bonds with transition metals was used to prepare transition metal complexes with tin(II) phthalocyanine in neutral, monoanionic, and dianionic states. These complexes were obtained via the interactions of [Sn(IV)Cl2Pc(3-)](•-) or [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-) radical anions with {Cp*Mo(CO)2}2, {CpFe(CO)2}2, {CpMo(CO)3}2, Fe3(CO)12, {Cp*RhCl2}2, or Ph5CpRu(CO)2Cl. The neutral coordination complexes of Cp*MoBr(CO)2[Sn(II)Pc(2-)]·0.5C6H4Cl2 (1) and CpFe(CO)2[Sn(II)Pc(2-)]·2C6H4Cl2 (2) were obtained from [Sn(IV)Cl2Pc(3-)](•-). On the other hand, the coordination of transition metals to [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-) yielded anionic coordination complexes preserving the spin on [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-). However, in the case of {cryptand[2,2,2](Na(+))}{CpFe(II)(CO)2[Sn(II)Pc(4-)]}(-)·C6H4Cl2 (4), charge transfer from CpFe(I)(CO)2 to [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-) took place to form the diamagnetic [Sn(II)Pc(4-)](2-) dianion and {CpFe(II)(CO)2}(+). The complexes {cryptand[2,2,2](Na(+))}{Fe(CO)4[Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-)} (5), {cryptand[2,2,2](Na(+))}{CpMo(CO)2[Sn(II)Pc(2-)Sn(II)Pc(3-)(•-)]} (6), and {cryptand[2,2,2](Na(+))}{Cp*RhCl2[Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-)} (7) have magnetic moments of 1.75, 2.41, and 1.75 μ(B), respectively, owing to the presence of S = 1/2 spins on [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-) and CpMo(I)(CO)2 (for 6). In addition, the strong antiferromagnetic coupling of spins with Weiss temperatures of -35.5 -28.6 K was realized between the CpMo(I)(CO)2 and the [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-) units in 6 and the π-stacking {Fe(CO)4[Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-)}2 dimers of 5, respectively. The [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-) radical anions substituted the chloride anions in Ph5CpRu(CO)2Cl to form the formally neutral compound {Ph5CpRu(II)(CO)2[Sn(II)Pc(3-)]} (8) in which the negative charge and spin are preserved on [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-). The strong antiferromagnetic coupling of spins with a magnetic exchange interaction J/k(B) = -183 K in 8 is explained by the close packing of [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-) in the π-stacked {Ph5CpRu(II)(CO)2[Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-)}2 dimers.

Molecular structure, optical and magnetic properties of the {SnIVPc(3-)Cl2}•- radical anions containing negatively charged Pc ligands

Radical anion salt ( PPN +){ Sn IV Pc (3-) Cl 2}•- (1) was obtained by the reduction of tin(IV) phthalocyanine dichloride { Sn IV Pc (2-) Cl 2} with ( PPN +)( C 60•-) ( PPN + is bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)-ammonium cation). It was shown that the reduction is centered mainly on the Pc ligand providing the appearance of a new band in the spectrum of 1 in the NIR range at 1006 nm and blue-shift of Soret and Q-bands of Sn IV Pc (2-) Cl 2. The alternation of short and long C – N imine bonds for two oppositely located isoindole units in 1 indicates possible disruption of aromaticity of the Pc ligand under reduction. Salt 1 has effective magnetic moment of 1.69 μB at 300 K corresponding to the contribution of one non-interacting S = 1/2 spin per formula unit and manifests antiferromagnetic coupling of spins with Weiss temperature of -7.3 K in the 400–30 K range. The salt shows a broad EPR signal with g = 1.9957 and linewidth of 19.3 mT at room temperature. The signal splits into two components below 120 K. Strong broadening of the EPR signal and shift of g-factors to smaller values in comparison with the EPR signal from radical anions of metal-free phthalocyanine { H 2 Pc (3-)}•- were attributed to the contribution of the { Sn III Pc (2-) Cl 2}- admixture with paramagnetic Sn III . There are π–π stacking one-dimensional chains composed of { Sn IV Pc (3-) Cl 2}•- in 1 along the a axis with weak overlapping between phenylene groups of phthalocyanine radical anions. The calculated HOMO–HOMO overlap integral is 0.0033 and the SOMO–SOMO overlap integral is only 0.0004. Metallic conductivity is not realized in 1 most probably due to weak SOMO–SOMO overlapping.

Structure and optical properties of fullerene C60 complex with dipyridinated iron(II) phthalocyanine [Fe(II)Pc(C5H5N)2]·C60·4C6H4Cl2: First structure of bisaxially coordinated iron(II) phthalocyanine complex with acetonitrile Fe(II)Pc(CH3CN)2

The complex of fullerene C 60 with dipyridinated iron(II) phthalocyanine [ Fe ( II ) Pc ( C 5 H 5 N )2]· C 60·4 C 6 H 4 Cl 2 (1) has been obtained as single crystals. According to the IR- and UV-visible-NIR spectra, 1 is molecular solid with no charge transfer from Fe ( II ) Pc ( C 5 H 5 N )2 to C 60· C 60 molecules form closely packed linear columns in 1 along the b axis with a uniform interfullerene center-to center distance of 9.99 Å and multiple short van der Waals (vdW) C … C contacts between fullerenes of 3.10–3.18 Å. Totally each Fe ( II ) Pc ( C 5 H 5 N )2 unit is surrounded by four C 60 molecules two of which form short vdW C … C contacts with the phthalocyanine plane locating near two adjacent phenylene substituents of Fe ( II ) Pc . The Fe ( II ) Pc ( C 5 H 5 N )2 geometry remains almost unchanged as compared with that of fullerene free Fe ( II ) Pc ( C 5 H 5 N )2. The iron(II) atoms are located exactly in the Pc plane, the Fe - N ( C 5 H 5 N ) bond length is 2.038(3) Å and the averaged of the Fe - N ( Pc ) bond length is 1.935(3) Å. Bisaxially coordinated iron(II) phthalocyanine complex with acetonitrile Fe ( II ) Pc ( CH 3 CN )2 does not cocrystallize with C 60. Nevertheless, good quality crystals of [ Fe ( II ) Pc ( CH 3 CN )2]·2 C 6 H 4 Cl 2 (2) were isolated in this synthesis. That is the first structure of bisaxially coordinated metal phthalocyanine complex with nitrile containing solvent. Acetonitrile unusually strongly coordinates to Fe ( II ) Pc with the Fe – N ( CH 3 CN ) bond length of 1.938(1) Å. The iron(II) atoms are located in the Pc plane and the averaged length of the Fe - N ( Pc ) bonds is 1.934(1) Å.

Design, crystal structures and magnetic properties of anionic salts containing fullerene C60 and indium(iii) bromide phthalocyanine radical anions

Salts containing fullerene C₆₀ and indium(iii) bromide phthalocyanine (Pc) radical anions, (TBA⁺)₃(C₆₀˙⁻){In^III(Br)(Pc)˙⁻}(Br⁻)·C₆H₄Cl₂ (1) and (TEA⁺)₂(C₆₀˙⁻){In^III(Br)(Pc)˙⁻}·C₆H₄Cl₂·C₆H₁₄ (2), have been obtained and their structures, optical and magnetic properties are discussed.