1
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Uttendorfer MK, Hierlmeier G, Balázs G, Wolf R. Access to 1,2,3-triphospholide ligands by reduction of di- tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10113-10119. [PMID: 38747137 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Di-tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane (tBuCP)2 (A) is a reactive tetrahedral molecule which may serve as a source of new phosphaorganic molecules and ligands. However, the redox chemistry of this compound has not yet been investigated. Here, we show that the reduction of A with alkali metals (AM = Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) affords 1,2,3-triphospholides [AM(crown ether)][1,2,3-P3C2tBu2] (1-5, [AM(crown ether)] = [Li([12]crown-4)2]+, [Na([15]crown-5)2]+, [K([18]crown-6)]+, [Rb([18]crown-6)]+, and Cs+) with 1,3-diphospholides [AM(crown ether)][1,3-P2C3tBu3] (6-10) formed as by-products. The potassium salt 3 was isolated on a preparative scale, allowing for reactivity studies. Transmetalation with iron(II) and ruthenium(II) chlorides yielded the sandwich complexes [Cp*M(η5-1,2,3-P3C2tBu2)] (11, M = Fe; 12, M = Ru, Cp* = C5Me5) featuring η5-coordinated triphospholide ligands. Treatment of 3 with [Cp2Fe][BAr4F] or [H(Et2O)2BAr4F] (BAr4F = B{C6H3(CF3)2}4) afforded the polyphosphorus compound tBu4C4P6 (13), which presumably results from the dimerisation of a 1,2,3-triphospholyl radical intermediate (1,2,3-P3C2tBu2)˙ (3˙). Tetracyclic 13 is closely structurally related to an isomer of the hydrocarbon hypostrophene (C10H10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Uttendorfer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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2
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Jobbins WD, van IJzendoorn B, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Whitehead GFS, Mehta M. Reactivity of tetrel functionalized heptapnictogen clusters towards heteroallenes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2384-2391. [PMID: 36723201 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite being known for decades, the solution-state molecular chemistry of heptapnictogen ([Pn7]3-; Pn = P, As) clusters is not well established. Here we study heavy element derivatives of tetrel functionalized heptapnictogen clusters towards heteroallene capture, specifically isocyanates, an isothiocyanate and CO2 are probed. Clusters (Me3Ge)3P7 (1), (Et3Ge)3P7 (2), (nBu3Sn)3P7 (3), and (Me3Si)3As7 (4) were all found to capture isocyanates between all three of their tetrel-pnictogen bonds. In the case of phenyl isocyanate insertion, tetrel coordination at the isocyanate nitrogen atoms is preferred, while in the case of p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate insertion, tetrel coordination at oxygen is preferred. Furthermore, the reaction of (Me3Si)3P7 with CO2 gave NMR spectra consistent with the capture of the greenhouse gas. Heteroallene insertion at these clusters was also studied using density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Jobbins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Bono van IJzendoorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | | | - George F S Whitehead
- X-ray Diffraction Facility, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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3
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van IJzendoorn B, Albawardi SF, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Whitehead GFS, McGrady JE, Mehta M. A Zintl Cluster for Transition Metal-Free Catalysis: C═O Bond Reductions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21213-21223. [PMID: 36351036 PMCID: PMC9706568 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The first fully characterized boron-functionalized heptaphosphide Zintl cluster, [(BBN)P7]2- ([1]2-), is synthesized by dehydrocoupling [HP7]2-. Dehydrocoupling is a previously unprecedented reaction pathway to functionalize Zintl clusters. [Na(18-c-6)]2[1] was employed as a transition metal-free catalyst for the hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones. Moreover, the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) was efficiently and selectively reduced to methoxyborane. This work represents the first examples of Zintl catalysis where the transformation is transition metal-free and where the cluster is noninnocent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bono van IJzendoorn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Saad F. Albawardi
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K.
| | | | - George F. S. Whitehead
- X-ray
Diffraction Facility, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - John E. McGrady
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K.
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
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4
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van IJzendoorn B, Vitorica‐Yrezabal IJ, Whitehead GFS, Mehta M. Heteroallene Capture and Exchange at Functionalised Heptaphosphane Clusters. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103737. [PMID: 34851528 PMCID: PMC9300033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite being known for decades the chemical reactivity of homoatomic seven-atom phosphorus clusters towards small molecules remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that neutral tris(silyl) functionalised heptaphosphane (P7 (SiR3 )3 ) cages are capable of heteroallene capture between the P-Si bonds of the cluster. A range of isocyanates and an isothiocyanate were investigated. In the case of isocyanates, silyl bonding at oxygen or nitrogen is regioselectively directed by the functional group on the isocyanate and substituents on the silyl moiety. Above all, we find that captured isothiocyanate molecules can be exchanged for isocyanate molecules, indicative of small molecule catch and release. Small molecule catch and release at these Zintl-derived clusters reveals their potential application as chemical storage materials or as reusable probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bono van IJzendoorn
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUnited Kingdom
| | | | - George F. S. Whitehead
- X-ray Diffraction FacilityUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUnited Kingdom
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUnited Kingdom
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5
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Alkali metal polyphosphides as intermediates in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds from elemental phosphorus. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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van IJzendoorn B, Mehta M. Frontiers in the solution-phase chemistry of homoatomic group 15 Zintl clusters. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14758-14765. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02890h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the solution-phase chemistry of polypnictogen Zintl cluster are discussed, including the preparation of new clusters, wet synthetic methods, and their subsequent small molecule activations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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7
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Lichtenberger N, Massa W, Dehnen S. Polybismuthide Anions as Ligands: The Homoleptic Complex [(Bi
7
)Cd(Bi
7
)]
4−
and the Ternary Cluster [(Bi
6
)Zn
3
(TlBi
5
)]
4−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3222-3226. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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8
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Lichtenberger N, Massa W, Dehnen S. Polybismutid‐Anionen als Liganden: der homoleptische Komplex [(Bi
7
)Cd(Bi
7
)]
4−
und der ternäre Cluster [(Bi
6
)Zn
3
(TlBi
5
)]
4−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
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10
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Bezkishko I, Zagidullin A, Petrov A, Miluykov V, Sinyashin O. Interaction of sodium pentaphospholide with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate—A simple route to sodium 2,3,4,5-tetra(methylcarboxy)-monophospholide. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2016.1211650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Bezkishko
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Almaz Zagidullin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrey Petrov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vasili Miluykov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg Sinyashin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
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11
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Bezkishko I, Miluykov V, Sinyashin O, Lönnecke P, Hey-Hawkins E. Binuclear 3,4,5-tris(para-chlorophenyl)-1,2-diphosphacyclopentadienyl nitrosyl nickel complex: Synthesis, molecular structure, and behavior in solution. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1128932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Bezkishko
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vasili Miluykov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg Sinyashin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Ang CY, Kuan SL, Tan GK, Goh LY, Roemmele TL, Yu X, Boeré RT. Coordination complexes of thiazyl rings — Synthesis, structure, and density functional theory (DFT) computational analysis of CpCr(CO)x (x = 2, 3) complexes of fluorinated and nonfluorinated 1λ3-1,2,4,6-thiatriazinyls with differing Cr–S bond orders. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of [3,5-Ph2-C2N3S]2 with [CpCr(CO)3]2 in toluene at room temperature forms an adduct via a Cr–S bond, formulated as CpCr(CO)3SN3C2Ph2, which has fitting NMR, IR, and combustion analysis data. The structure was determined by a single-crystal X-ray structure diffraction study (P21/n, a = 8.4611(17) Å, b = 20.509(4) Å, c = 11.757(2) Å, β = 104.453(7)°). The Cr–S bond length of 2.4908(11) Å corresponds to a bond order of 1.0 from >90 values for CpCr(CO)x or Cp*Cr(CO)x moieties (x = 2, 3) bonded to S, which are used to establish a Pauling-type bond order scale specific to this class of compounds. Similar reactions of fluorinated thiatriazinyls derived from [3-Ph-5-CF3-C2N3S]2 or [4-MeOC6H4-5-CF3-C2N3S]2 are accompanied by the loss of CO to produce CpCr(CO)2SN3C2PhCF3 (P1, a = 8.0929(8) Å, b = 10.3160(10) Å, c = 11.2405(11) Å, α = 70.032(2)°, β = 72.076(2)°, γ = 82.375(2)°) and CpCr(CO)2SN3(CCF3)(C6H4OCH3) (P21/c, a = 8.1311(7) Å, b = 24.284(2) Å, c = 9.1025(8) Å, β = 97.218(2)°), also fully characterized by spectroscopy and crystallography. Their measured Cr–S bond lengths, 2.2987(14) and 2.2965(11) Å, correspond to bond orders of 1.5. (U/R)B3PW91/6-311+G(2df,2p)//B3PW91/6-31G(2d,p) hybrid density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the tricarbonyl complex has an unusual σ bond. However, the dicarbonyl complexes of the fluorinated thiatriazinyls are π bonded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwee Ying Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117543
| | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117543
| | - Geok Kheng Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117543
| | - Lai Yoong Goh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117543
| | - Tracey L. Roemmele
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - René T. Boeré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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13
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Turbervill RSP, Goicoechea JM. From clusters to unorthodox pnictogen sources: solution-phase reactivity of [E7](3-) (E = P-Sb) anions. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10807-28. [PMID: 25333632 DOI: 10.1021/cr500387w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S P Turbervill
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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14
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Bezkishko IA, Zagidullin AA, Milyukov VA, Sinyashin OG. Alkali and transition metal phospholides. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2014v083n06abeh004442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Tondreau AM, Benkő Z, Harmer JR, Grützmacher H. Sodium phosphaethynolate, Na(OCP), as a “P” transfer reagent for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene supported P3and PAsP radicals. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53140f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
From Na(OCP) as a “P” transfer reagent, the radicals (NHC–P–E–P–NHC) (E = P, As) were synthesized and characterized as donor–acceptor adducts by EPR spectroscopy and DFT computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Tondreau
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich, Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou, China
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16
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Turbervill RSP, Goicoechea JM. Hydropnictination Reactions of Carbodiimides and Isocyanates with Protonated Heptaphosphide and Heptaarsenide Zintl Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Jupp AR, Goicoechea JM. The 2-Phosphaethynolate Anion: A Convenient Synthesis and [2+2] Cycloaddition Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10064-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Jupp AR, Goicoechea JM. The 2-Phosphaethynolate Anion: A Convenient Synthesis and [2+2] Cycloaddition Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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