1
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Schober L, Schiefer A, Winkler M, Rudroff F. Harnessing Nature's Catalysts: Advances in Enzymatic Alkene Cleavage. J Biotechnol 2024:S0168-1656(24)00263-3. [PMID: 39362499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Double bonds are prevalent in various substrates and renewable feedstocks, and their cleavage typically necessitates harsh reaction conditions involving high temperatures, organic solvents, and hazardous catalysts such as heavy metals or ozone. This review explores the sustainable enzymatic alternatives developed by nature for alkene cleavage. It provides a comprehensive overview of alkene-cleaving enzymes, detailing their mechanisms, substrate specificities, and applications. The enzymes discussed include those acting on aliphatic, cyclic, and activated aromatic systems. Emphasizing the significance of these biocatalysts in green chemistry and biocatalysis, this review highlights their potential to replace traditional chemical oxidants with safer, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly options. Future research directions include expanding enzyme substrate scopes, enhancing their operational stability and activity, and integrating them into scalable processes for broader application in the pharmaceutical, flavor, and fragrance industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schober
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Schiefer
- TU Wien, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, Graz, Austria; Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz, Austria.
| | - Florian Rudroff
- TU Wien, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 163-OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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2
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He M, Ma Z, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Liu W, Wang R, Fan J, Peng X, Sun W. Sonoinduced Tumor Therapy and Metastasis Inhibition by a Ruthenium Complex with Dual Action: Superoxide Anion Sensitization and Ligand Fracture. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25764-25779. [PMID: 39110478 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Photoresponsive ruthenium(II) complexes have recently emerged as a promising tool for synergistic photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy in oncology, as well as for antimicrobial applications. However, the limited penetration power of photons prevents the treatment of deep-seated lesions. In this study, we introduce a sonoresponsive ruthenium complex capable of generating superoxide anion (O2•-) via type I process and initiating a ligand fracture process upon ultrasound triggering. Attaching hydroxyflavone (HF) as an "electron reservoir" to the octahedral-polypyridyl-ruthenium complex resulted in decreased highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gaps and triplet-state metal to ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) state energy (0.89 eV). This modification enhanced the generation of O2•- under therapeutic ultrasound irradiation at a frequency of 1 MHz. The produced O2•- rapidly induced an intramolecular cascade reaction and HF ligand fracture. As a proof-of-concept, we engineered the Ru complex into a metallopolymer platform (PolyRuHF), which could be activated by low-power ultrasound (1.5 W cm-2, 1.0 MHz, 50% duty cycle) within a centimeter range of tissue. This activation led to O2•- generation and the release of cytotoxic ruthenium complexes. Consequently, PolyRuHF induced cellular apoptosis and ferroptosis by causing mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive toxic lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, PolyRuHF effectively inhibited subcutaneous and orthotopic breast tumors and prevented lung metastasis by downregulating metastasis-related proteins in mice. This study introduces the first sonoresponsive ruthenium complex for sonodynamic therapy/sonoactivated chemotherapy, offering new avenues for deep tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomao He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Linhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenkai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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3
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Rymbai LD, Klausmeyer KK, Farmer PJ. The case for an oxidopyrylium intermediate in the mechanism of quercetin dioxygenases. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112343. [PMID: 37549474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The quercetin dioxygenases (QDOs) are unusual metalloenzymes in that they display ring-opening dioxygenase activity with several different first-row transition metal ions which do not undergo redox changes during turnover. The QDOs are also unique in that the substrate binds as an η1-flavonolate rather than the η2 -bidentate mode seen in all reported model complexes. The flavonol substrates were early examples of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) phenomena, in which photoexcitation causes an H-atom exchange between the adjacent hydroxyl and ketone, generating an oxidopyrylium emissive state. These oxidopyryliums undergo ring-opening dioxygenations analogous to the enzymatic reactions. Our hypothesis is that lability of the divalent metal ion may allow access to a reactive oxidopyrylium intermediate via coordination switching from the oxy to ketone position, which allows reaction with O2. In this report, we use a straight-forward methylation strategy to generate a panel of flavonol and thioflavonol derivatives modeling several η1- and η2-coordination modes. Methylation of 3-hydroxythioflavone generates an air stable η1 hydroxopyrylium salt, which undergoes rapid ring-opening dioxygenation by deprotonation or photoexcitation. By comparison, the η1-methoxyflavonol does not react with O2 under any condition. We find that any of the studied flavonol derivatives, η1 or η2, which demonstrates ESIPT-like oxidopyrylium emissions undergo QDO-like ring-opening reactions with dioxygen. The implications of these results concerning the mechanism of QDOs and related dioxygenases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasien D Rymbai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Kevin K Klausmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Patrick J Farmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America.
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4
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Podder N, Saha A, Barman SK, Mandal S. Flavonol dioxygenation catalysed by cobalt(II) complexes supported with 3N(COO) and 4N donor ligands: a comparative study to assess the carboxylate effects on quercetin 2,4-dioxygenase-like reactivity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11465-11480. [PMID: 37466296 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Two new cobalt(II)-acetato complexes, [CoII(L3NCOO)(OAc)]·0.5H2O (1OAc·0.5H2O) and [CoII(L4N)(OAc)](PF6) (2OAc(PF6)), were synthesised using ligands L3NCOO- (Li+L3NCOO- = lithium 2-(benzyl((6'-methyl-[2,2'-bipyridin]-6-yl)methyl)amino)acetate) and L4N (N-benzyl-1-(6'-methyl-[2,2'-bipyridin]-6-yl)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine), respectively, to mimic the functional activity of cobalt(II)-quercetin-2,4-dioxygenase (CoII-2,4-QD). Additionally, Co(II)-flavonolato ternary complexes, [CoII(L3NCOO)(fla)]·H2O (1fla·H2O) and [CoII(L4N)(fla)](PF6) (2fla(PF6)), were synthesised as enzyme-substrate models. All four complexes were thoroughly characterised by elemental analyses and spectroscopic methods. Structural characterisation was performed for 1OAc·0.5H2O, 2OAc(PF6)·CH2Cl2 and 2fla+ with a perchlorate counter anion, 2fla(ClO4)·1.5H2O. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) and molecular orbital (MO) analysis were performed for the flavonolato adducts 1fla and 2fla+. The catalytic activities of complexes 1OAc·0.5H2O and 2OAc(PF6) in the oxygenative degradation of flavonol (multiple-turnover reactions) were investigated at 70 °C in DMF to determine the effect of the carboxylate substituent over a pyridyl donor residue on reactivity. Complex 1OAc·0.5H2O showed a higher catalytic rate than complex 2OAc(PF6). The same reactivity order was observed for single-turnover dioxygenation reactions with ternary complexes (1fla > 2fla+). The formation constants (Kf) of 1fla and 2fla+ species are comparable, implying that catalyst-substrate adduct formation occurs in similar amounts for both catalytic reactions. Therefore, the Kf values have a similar impact on reactivities. However, the oxidation potential of the bound fla-/fla˙ couple in 1fla is considerably lower than that in 2fla+. DFT calculations predicted that the negatively charged carboxylate group of ligand L3NCOO- determines the higher reactivity of 1fla with dioxygen by decreasing the oxidation potential of the bound fla-/fla˙ couple. During the dioxygenation process, the reactive Co(II)-bound flavonoxy radical was generated via single-electron transfer from the coordinated fla- to dioxygen, simultaneously forming a superoxide ion. The anionic carboxylate group improves the stability of the bound flavonoxy radical by providing substantial electron density to the electron-deficient fla˙ through the Co(II) centre, allowing the reactive fla˙ species to accumulate at an optimal concentration for effective catalysis. EPR spectroscopy successfully detected the cobalt-bound fla˙ species formed through the dioxygenation of 1fla. NBT2+ and EPR spin-trapping experiments confirmed superoxide formation during the dioxygenation process. So, the present work describes CoII-2,4-QD model studies and clarifies the function of carboxylate in quercetinase-like reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Podder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Anannya Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Manauli, 140306, India
| | - Suman K Barman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Manauli, 140306, India
| | - Sukanta Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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5
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Anderson SN, Elsberg JGD, Berreau LM. Light-induced O 2-dependent aliphatic carbon-carbon (C-C) bond cleavage in bipyridine-ligated Co(II) chlorodiketonate complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4152-4160. [PMID: 36891768 PMCID: PMC10426287 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03727k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear bipyridine (bpy)-ligated Co(II) chlorodiketonate complexes [(bpy)2Co(R-PhC(O)C(Cl)C(O)R-Ph)]ClO4 (R = -H (8), -CH3 (9), and -OCH3 (10)), were prepared, characterized and investigated for O2-dependent aliphatic C-C bond cleavage reactivity. Complexes 8-10 have a distorted psuedo-octahedral geometry. 1H NMR spectra of 8-10 in CD3CN show signals for the coordinated diketonate moiety, and signals suggesting ligand exchange reactivity leading to the formation of a small amount of [(bpy)3Co](ClO4)2 (11) in solution. While 8-10 are air stable at room temperature, illumination at 350 nm results in oxidative cleavage reactivity within the diketonate moiety leading to the formation of 1,3-diphenylpropanetrione, benzoic acid, benzoic anhydride, and benzil. Illumination of 8 under 18O2 results in a high level of 18O incorporation (>80%) in the benzoate anion. The product mixture, high level of 18O incorporation, and additional mechanistic studies suggest a reaction sequence wherein light-induced reactivity leads to the formation of a triketone intermediate that undergoes either oxidative C-C bond cleavage or benzoyl migration promoted by a bipyridine-ligated Co(II) or Co(III) fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Anderson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
| | - Josiah G D Elsberg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
| | - Lisa M Berreau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
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6
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Eom H, Cao Y, Kim H, de Visser SP, Song WJ. Underlying Role of Hydrophobic Environments in Tuning Metal Elements for Efficient Enzyme Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5880-5887. [PMID: 36853654 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic functions of metalloenzymes are often strongly correlated with metal elements in the active sites. However, dioxygen-activating nonheme quercetin dioxygenases (QueD) are found with various first-row transition-metal ions when metal swapping inactivates their innate catalytic activity. To unveil the molecular basis of this seemingly promiscuous yet metal-specific enzyme, we transformed manganese-dependent QueD into a nickel-dependent enzyme by sequence- and structure-based directed evolution. Although the net effect of acquired mutations was primarily to rearrange hydrophobic residues in the active site pocket, biochemical, kinetic, X-ray crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational studies suggest that these modifications in the secondary coordination spheres can adjust the electronic structure of the enzyme-substrate complex to counteract the effects induced by the metal substitution. These results explicitly demonstrate that such noncovalent interactions encrypt metal specificity in a finely modulated manner, revealing the underestimated chemical power of the hydrophobic sequence network in enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunuk Eom
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yuanxin Cao
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.,Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sam P de Visser
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.,Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Woon Ju Song
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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7
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Halevas E, Matsia S, Hatzidimitriou A, Geromichalou E, Papadopoulos T, Katsipis G, Pantazaki A, Litsardakis G, Salifoglou A. A unique ternary Ce(III)-quercetin-phenanthroline assembly with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 235:111947. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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8
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Podder N, Dey S, Anoop A, Mandal S. Oxygenolysis of a series of copper(II)-flavonolate adducts varying the electronic factors on supporting ligands as a mimic of quercetin 2,4-dioxygenase-like activity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4338-4353. [PMID: 35191437 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Four copper(II)-flavonolate compounds of type [Cu(LR)(fla)] {where LR = 2-(p-R-benzyl(dipyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)acetate; R = -OMe (1), -H (2), -Cl (3) and -NO2 (4)} have been developed as a structural and functional enzyme-substrate (ES) model of the Cu2+-containing quercetin 2,4-dioxygenase enzyme. The ES model complexes 1-4 are synthesized by reacting 3-hydroxyflavone in the presence of a base with the respective acetate-bound copper(II) complexes, [Cu(LR)(OAc)]. In the presence of dioxygen the ES model complexes undergo enzyme-type oxygenolysis of flavonolate (dioxygenase type bond cleavage reaction) at 80 °C in DMF. The reactivity shows a substituent group dependent order as -OMe (1) > -H (2) > -Cl (3) > -NO2 (4). Experimental and theoretical studies suggest a single-electron transfer (SET) from flavonolate to dioxygen, rather than valence tautomerism {[CuII(fla-)] ↔ [CuI(fla˙)]}, to generate the reactive flavonoxy radical (fla˙) that reacts further with the superoxide radical to bring about the oxygenative ring opening reaction. The SET pathway has been further verified by studying the dioxygenation reaction with a redox-inactive Zn2+ complex, [Zn(LOMe)(fla)] (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Podder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Subhasis Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Sukanta Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
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9
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Podder N, Mandal S. The effects of metal cofactors on the reactivity of quercetin 2,4-dioxygenase: synthetic model studies with M( ii)-complexes (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) and assessment of the regulatory factors in catalytic efficacy. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:17064-17080. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02853k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the metal ion effects on the dioxygenation of flavonol catalysed by M(ii)-complexes (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) as functional models of quercetin 2,4-dioxygenase-like reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Podder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India
| | - Sukanta Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India
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10
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A functional model for quercetin 2,4-dioxygenase: Geometric and electronic structures and reactivity of a nickel(II) flavonolate complex. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 226:111632. [PMID: 34700128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin 2,4-dioyxgenase (QueD) has been known to catalyze the oxygenative degradation of flavonoids and quercetin. Recent crystallographic study revealed a nickel ion occupies the active site as a co-factor to support O2 activation and catalysis. Herein, we report a nickel(II) flavonolate complex bearing a tridentate macrocyclic ligand, [NiII(Me3-TACN)(Fl)(NO3)](H2O) (1, Me3-TACN = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, Fl = 3-hydroxyflavone) as a functional model for QueD. The flavonolatonickel(II) complex was characterized by using spectrometric analysis including UV-vis spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The single crystal X-ray structure of 1 shows two isomers with respect to the direction of a flavonolate ligand. Two isomers commonly are in the octahedral geometry with a bidentate of flavonolate and a monodentate of nitrate as well as a tridentate binding of Me3-TACN ligand. The spin state of 1 is determined to be a triplet state based on the Evans' method. Interestingly, electronic configuration of 1 from density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the two singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs) lie energetically lower than the highest (doubly) occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), that is so-called the SOMO-HOMO level inversion (SHI). The HOMO shows an electron density localized in the flavonolate ligand, indicating that flavonolate ligand is oxidized first rather than the nickel center. Thermal degradation of 1 resulted in the formation of benzoic acid and salicylic acid, which is attributed to the oxygenation of flavonolate of 1.
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11
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Mucha P, Skoczyńska A, Małecka M, Hikisz P, Budzisz E. Overview of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Selected Plant Compounds and Their Metal Ions Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:4886. [PMID: 34443474 PMCID: PMC8398118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous plant compounds and their metal-ion complexes exert antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and other beneficial effects. This review highlights the different bioactivities of flavonoids, chromones, and coumarins and their metal-ions complexes due to different structural characteristics. In addition to insight into the most studied antioxidative properties of these compounds, the first part of the review provides a comprehensive overview of exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, oxidative stress-mediated damages of lipids and proteins, and on protective roles of antioxidant defense systems, including plant-derived antioxidants. Additionally, the review covers the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of flavonoids, chromones, coumarins and their metal-ion complexes which support its application in medicine, pharmacy, and cosmetology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mucha
- Department of the Chemistry of Cosmetic Raw Materials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Skoczyńska
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Małecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Paweł Hikisz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Elzbieta Budzisz
- Department of the Chemistry of Cosmetic Raw Materials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland
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12
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Han X, Sahihi M, Whitfield S, Jimenez I. Tuning excited state of bipyridyl platinum(II) complexes with bio-active flavonolate ligand: Structures, photoreactivity, and DFT calculations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Sagar S, Parween A, Mandal TK, Lewis W, Naskar S. Mn(IV), Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes of the Schiff bases of 2-hydroxy-naphthaldehyde with amino alcohols: synthesis, characterization and electrochemical study; DFT study and Catecholase activity of Mn(IV) complex. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1832657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Arfa Parween
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Tarun K. Mandal
- Faculty Councils for PG studies, Vidyasagar University, Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Subhendu Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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14
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Halevas E, Mavroidi B, Antonoglou O, Hatzidimitriou A, Sagnou M, Pantazaki AA, Litsardakis G, Pelecanou M. Structurally characterized gallium-chrysin complexes with anticancer potential. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2734-2746. [PMID: 32064490 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04540f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic metal-based compounds are effective anticancer agents; however, their cytotoxic profile and significant side effects limit their wide application. Natural products, especially flavonoids, are a prominent alternative source of anticancer agents that can be used as ligands for the generation of new bioactive complexes with metal ions of known biochemical and pharmacological activities. Herein, we present the synthesis and detailed structural and physicochemical characterizations of three novel complex assemblies of Ga(iii) with the flavonoid chrysin and the ancillary aromatic chelators 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyridine and imidazole. The complexes constitute the only crystallographically characterized structures having a metal core from the boron group elements and a flavonoid as the ligand. The in vitro biological evaluation of the three complexes in a series of cancer cell lines of different origin established their cytotoxicity and ROS generating potential. In particular, the Ga(iii)-chrysin-imidazole complex displayed the highest anticancer efficacy against all cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the low micromolar range (<1.18 μM), a result worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Halevas
- Laboratory of Materials for Electrotechnics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece and Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece.
| | - Barbara Mavroidi
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece.
| | - Orestis Antonoglou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Antonios Hatzidimitriou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Marina Sagnou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece.
| | - Anastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - George Litsardakis
- Laboratory of Materials for Electrotechnics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Maria Pelecanou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece.
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15
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Burke KJ, Stephens LJ, Werrett MV, Andrews PC. Bismuth(III) Flavonolates: The Impact of Structural Diversity on Antibacterial Activity, Mammalian Cell Viability and Cellular Uptake. Chemistry 2020; 26:7657-7671. [PMID: 32297355 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of homoleptic and heteroleptic bismuth(III) flavonolate complexes derived from six flavonols of varying substitution have been synthesised and structurally characterised. The complexes were evaluated for antibacterial activity towards several problematic Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The cell viability of COS-7 (monkey kidney) cells treated with the bismuth flavonolates was also studied to determine the effect of the complexes on mammalian cells. The heteroleptic complexes [BiPh(L)2 ] (in which L=flavonolate) showed good antibacterial activity towards all of the bacteria but reduced COS-7 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. The homoleptic complexes [Bi(L)3 ] exhibited activity towards the Gram-positive bacteria and showed low toxicity towards the mammalian cell line. Bismuth uptake studies in VRE and COS-7 cells treated with the bismuth flavonolate complexes indicated that Bi accumulation is influenced by both the substitution of the flavonolate ligands and the degree of substitution at the bismuth centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirralee J Burke
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Liam J Stephens
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Melissa V Werrett
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Philip C Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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16
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Sun Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Li Y. Structure‐Reactivity Relationship in ES Models of Co(II)‐Containing Quercetin 2,4‐Dioxygenase. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Ji Sun
- Department of ChemistryDalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yan‐Fang Liu
- Department of ChemistryDalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jian‐Jun Zhang
- Department of ChemistryDalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yan‐Qin Li
- Department of ChemistryDalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
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17
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Synthesis, characterization and CO-releasing property of palladium(II) bipyridine flavonolate complexes. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-019-00373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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A Copper(II) tris-imidazolylphosphine complex as a functional model of flavonol 2,4-dioxygenase. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Soboleva T, Berreau LM. 3-Hydroxyflavones and 3-Hydroxy-4-oxoquinolines as Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules. Molecules 2019; 24:E1252. [PMID: 30935018 PMCID: PMC6479552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) that enable the delivery of controlled amounts of CO are of strong current interest for applications in biological systems. In this review, we examine the various conditions under which CO is released from 3-hydroxyflavones and 3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinolines to advance the understanding of how these molecules, or derivatives thereof, may be developed as CORMs. Enzymatic pathways from quercetin dioxygenases and 3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline dioxygenases leading to CO release are examined, along with model systems for these enzymes. Base-catalyzed and non-redox-metal promoted CO release, as well as UV and visible light-driven CO release from 3-hydroxyflavones and 3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinolines, are summarized. The visible light-induced CO release reactivity of recently developed extended 3-hydroxyflavones and a 3-hydroxybenzo[g]quinolone, and their uses as intracellular CORMs, are discussed. Overall, this review provides insight into the chemical factors that affect the thermal and photochemical dioxygenase-type CO release reactions of these heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Soboleva
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
| | - Lisa M Berreau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
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20
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Kankanamalage PHA, Ekanayake DM, Singh N, de Morais ACP, Mazumder S, Verani CN, Mukherjee A, Lanznaster M. Effect of ligand substituents on nickel and copper [N4] complexes: electronic and redox behavior, and reactivity towards protons. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01283d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ligand substituents have a major effect on the redox potentials, catalytic efficiency and robustness of the complexes in HER.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nirupama Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alabama
- Huntsville
- USA
| | | | - Shivnath Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Jammu
- Jammu (J&K)
- India
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21
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Han X, Kumar MR, Hoogerbrugge A, Klausmeyer KK, Ghimire MM, Harris LM, Omary MA, Farmer PJ. Mechanistic Investigations of Photoinduced Oxygenation of Ru(II) Bis-bipyridyl Flavonolate Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2416-2424. [PMID: 29461051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that a Ru-bound flavonolate model of flavonol dioxygenases, [RuII(bpy)2(3-hydroxyfla)][PF6], photochemically reacts with dioxygen in two different manners. Broad-band excitation generates mixtures of products characteristic of 1,3-addition of dioxygen across the central pyrone ring, as is observed in enzymatic reactions. However, low temperature excitation at wavelengths longer than 400 nm generates a unique Ru-bound 2-benzoatophenylglyoxylate product resulting from a 1,2-dioxetane intermediate. Herein, we investigate this reactivity in a series of Ru(II)bis-bipyridyl flavonolate complexes [RuII(bpy)2(3-hydroxyflaR)][PF6] (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; fla = flavonolate; R = p-OMe (1), p-Me (2), p-H (3), p-Cl (4)), and [RuII(bpy)2(5-hydroxyfla)][PF6] (5). The complexes' structures, photophysical and electrochemical properties, and photochemical reactivity with oxygen were investigated in detail. Two different reaction product mixtures, from 1,2- and 1,3-additions of dioxygen, are observed by illumination into distinct excitation/emission manifolds. By analogy to previous reports of excited state intramolecular proton transfer, the two manifolds are attributed to tautomeric diradicals that predict the observed reactivity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Stephen F. Austin State University , Nacogdoches , Texas 75962 , United States
| | - Murugaeson R Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - Amanda Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - Kevin K Klausmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - Mukunda M Ghimire
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Lebanon Valley College , Annville , Pennsylvania 17003 , United States
| | - Lauren M Harris
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Mohammad A Omary
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Patrick J Farmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
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22
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Asahi M, Yamazaki SI, Morimoto Y, Itoh S, Ioroi T. Crystal structure and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of copper(II) complexes of pyridylmethylamine ligands containing a carboxy group. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Anderson SN, Larson MT, Berreau LM. Solution or solid - it doesn't matter: visible light-induced CO release reactivity of zinc flavonolato complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:14570-14580. [PMID: 27711794 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01709f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two types of zinc flavonolato complexes ([(6-Ph2TPA)Zn(flavonolato)]ClO4 and Zn(flavonolato)2) of four extended flavonols have been prepared, characterized, and evaluated for visible light-induced CO release reactivity. Zinc coordination of each flavonolato anion results in a red-shift of the lowest energy absorption feature and in some cases enhanced molar absorptivity relative to the free flavonol. The zinc-coordinated flavonolato ligands undergo visible light-induced CO release with enhanced reaction quantum yields relative to the neutral flavonols. Most notable is the discovery that both types of zinc flavonolato derivatives undergo similar visible light-induced CO release reactivity in solution and in the solid state. A solid film of a Zn(flavonolato)2 derivative was evaluated as an in situ CO release agent for aerobic oxidative palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation to produce esters in ethanol. The CO release product was found to undergo ester alcolysis under the conditions of the carbonylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey N Anderson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
| | - Michael T Larson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
| | - Lisa M Berreau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
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24
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Park H, Kim S, Jung B, Park MH, Kim Y, Kim M. Defect Engineering into Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Rapid and Sequential Installation of Functionalities. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1040-1047. [PMID: 29303561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Postsynthetic treatments are well-known and important functionalization tools of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Herein, we have developed a practical and rapid postsynthetic ligand exchange (PSE) strategy using a defect-controlled MOF. An increase in the number of defects amounts to MOFs with enhanced rates of ligand exchange in a shorter time frame. An almost quantitative exchange was achieved by using the most defective MOFs. This PSE strategy is a straightforward method to introduce a functionality into MOFs including bulky or catalytically relevant moieties. Furthermore, some mechanistic insights into PSE were revealed, allowing for a sequential ligand exchange and the development of multifunctional MOFs with controlled ligand ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Park
- Department of Chemistry and BK21Plus Research Team, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and BK21Plus Research Team, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghyuck Jung
- School of Basic Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hwan Park
- Department of Chemistry Education, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and BK21Plus Research Team, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry and BK21Plus Research Team, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
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25
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Su Y, Yang W, Yang X, Zhang R, Zhao J. Visible Light-Induced CO-Release Reactivity of a Series of ZnII–Flavonolate Complexes. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of zinc–flavonolate complexes of the general formula [(L)Zn(R)]ClO4 (L = TPA (tris-2-(pyridylmethyl)amine)), 6-MeTPA (N,N-(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)methyl)bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine)), 6-Me2TPA (N,N-bis(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)methyl)(2-pyridylmethyl) amine), BPQA (bis(2-pyridylmethyl)(2-quinolinemethyl)amine), and BQPA (bis(2-quinolinemethyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amine), R = FLH (flavonol), 4-MeOFLH (4-methoxyflavonol), and 4-MeOFLTH (4-methoxyflavothione)) have been prepared and characterised by X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, FT-IR, ESI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. All the complexes can be induced to release CO by visible light (λmax ranges from 414 to 503 nm). The maximum absorption wavelength of the complexes followed the order 4-MeOFLTH > 4-MeOFLH > FLH. Exposure of the complexes to visible light under aerobic conditions results in oxidative C–C bond cleavage and almost quantitative CO release. Cytotoxicity tests showed that the complexes had a low toxicity to HeLa cells in the concentration range of 1 to 50 μM. These advantages indicate that the series of complexes are likely to be applied to biological systems.
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26
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Zahirović A, Kahrović E, Cindrić M, Kraljević Pavelić S, Hukić M, Harej A, Turkušić E. Heteroleptic ruthenium bioflavonoid complexes: from synthesis to in vitro biological activity. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1409893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Zahirović
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Emira Kahrović
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marina Cindrić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-Throughput Technologies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mirsada Hukić
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Diagnostics NALAZ, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anja Harej
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-Throughput Technologies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Emir Turkušić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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27
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Huang QQ, Sun YJ, Wu HW, Wang YL. RETRACTED: A structural and functional model of copper(II)-flavonolate ES complex of flavonol 2,4-dioxygenase. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Sun YJ, Huang QQ, Zhang JJ. Set of Fe(II)-3-Hydroxyflavonolate Enzyme-Substrate Model Complexes of Atypically Coordinated Mononuclear Non-Heme Fe(II)-Dependent Quercetin 2,4-Dioxygenase. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5850-5860. [PMID: 31457842 PMCID: PMC6644611 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of revealing the catalytic role of atypically coordinated (3His-1Glu) active site mononuclear non-heme Fe(II)-dependent quercetin 2,4-dioxygenase (Fe-2,4-QD) and the electronic effects of the model ligands on the reactivity toward dioxygen, a set of p/m-R-substituted carboxylate-containing ligand-supported Fe(II)-3-hydroxyflavonolate complexes, [FeIILR(fla)] (LRH: 2-{[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl}-p/m-R-benzoic acid; R: p-OMe (1), p-Me (2), m-Br (4), and m-NO2 (5); fla: 3-hydroxyflavonolate), were synthesized and characterized as structural and functional models for the ES (enzyme-substrate) complexes of Fe-2,4-QD. [FeIILR(fla)] show relatively high enzyme-type reactivity (dioxygenative ring opening of the coordinated substrate fla, single-turnover reaction) at low temperatures (30-65 °C). The reaction shows a linear Hammett plot (ρ = -1.21), and electron donating groups enhance the reaction rates. The notable difference on the reactivity can be rationalized from the electronic nature of the substituent in the ligands, which could tune the reactivity via tuning Lewis acidity of the Fe(II) ion, electron density, and the redox potential of fla. The properties and the reactivity show approximately linear correlations between λmax or E 1/2 of fla and the reaction rate constant k. This work sheds light not only on understanding of electronic effects of the ligands and the property-reactivity relationship but also on the role of the catalytic reaction by Fe-2,4-QD.
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29
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Sorenson S, Popova M, Arif AM, Berreau LM. A bipyridine-ligated zinc(II) complex with bridging flavonolate ligation: synthesis, characterization, and visible-light-induced CO release reactivity. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 73:703-709. [PMID: 28872068 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229617011366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metal-flavonolate compounds are of significant current interest as synthetic models for quercetinase enzymes and as bioactive compounds of importance to human health. Zinc-3-hydroxyflavonolate compounds, including those of quercetin, kampferol, and morin, generally exhibit bidentate coordination to a single ZnII center. The bipyridine-ligated zinc-flavonolate compound reported herein, namely bis(μ-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-3-olato)-κ3O3:O3,O4;κ3O3,O4:O3-bis[(2,2'-bipyridine-κ2N,N')zinc(II)] bis(perchlorate), {[Zn2(C15H9O3)2(C10H8N2)2](ClO4)2}n, (1), provides an unusual example of bridging 3-hydroxyflavonolate ligation in a dinuclear metal complex. The symmetry-related ZnII centers of (1) exhibit a distorted octahedral geometry, with weak coordination of a perchlorate anion trans to the bridging deprotonated O atom of the flavonolate ligand. Variable-concentration conductivity measurements provide evidence that, when (1) is dissolved in CH3CN, the complex dissociates into monomers. 1H NMR resonances for (1) dissolved in d6-DMSO were assigned via HMQC to the H atoms of the flavonolate and bipyridine ligands. In CH3CN, (1) undergoes quantitative visible-light-induced CO release with a quantum yield [0.004 (1)] similar to that exhibited by other mononuclear zinc-3-hydroxyflavonolate complexes. Mass spectroscopic identification of the [(bpy)2Zn(O-benzoylsalicylate)]+ ion provides evidence of CO release from the flavonol and of ligand exchange at the ZnII center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayne Sorenson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
| | - Marina Popova
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
| | - Atta M Arif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Rm 1170, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0850, USA
| | - Lisa M Berreau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
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30
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Oxygen activation by mononuclear Mn, Co, and Ni centers in biology and synthetic complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 22:407-424. [PMID: 27853875 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The active sites of metalloenzymes that catalyze O2-dependent reactions generally contain iron or copper ions. However, several enzymes are capable of activating O2 at manganese or nickel centers instead, and a handful of dioxygenases exhibit activity when substituted with cobalt. This minireview summarizes the catalytic properties of oxygenases and oxidases with mononuclear Mn, Co, or Ni active sites, including oxalate-degrading oxidases, catechol dioxygenases, and quercetin dioxygenase. In addition, recent developments in the O2 reactivity of synthetic Mn, Co, or Ni complexes are described, with an emphasis on the nature of reactive intermediates featuring superoxo-, peroxo-, or oxo-ligands. Collectively, the biochemical and synthetic studies discussed herein reveal the possibilities and limitations of O2 activation at these three "overlooked" metals.
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31
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Characterization of the Initial Intermediate Formed during Photoinduced Oxygenation of the Ruthenium(II) Bis(bipyridyl)flavonolate Complex. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7320-2. [PMID: 27437831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A ruthenium(II) flavonolate complex, [Ru(II)(bpy)2fla][BF4], was synthesized to model the reactivity of the flavonol dioxygenases. The treatment of dry CH3CN solutions of [Ru(II)(bpy)2fla][BF4] with dioxygen under light leads to the oxidative O-heterocyclic ring opening of the coordinated substrate flavonolate, resulting in the formation of [Ru(II)(bpy)2(carboxylate)][BF4] (carboxylate = O-benzoylsalicylate or benzoate) species, as determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Moderation of the excitation and temperature allowed isolation and characterization of an intermediate, [Ru(II)(bpy)2bpg][BF4] (bpg = 2-benzoyloxyphenylglyoxylate), generated by the 1,2-addition of dioxygen to the central flavonolate ring.
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32
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Sun YJ, Huang QQ, Li P, Zhang JJ. Catalytic dioxygenation of flavonol by M(II)-complexes (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) - mimicking the M(II)-substituted quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:13926-38. [PMID: 26153684 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01760b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to get insights into the metal ion effects and the carboxylate effects on enzymatic activity, a series of the carboxylate ligand supported transition metal complexes [M(II)L(OAc)] (M = Mn (), Fe (), Co (), Ni (), Cu () and Zn (); LH = 2-{[bis-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl}-4-methoxy benzoic acid) were synthesized and characterized as structural and functional models for the active sites of various M(II)-substituted resting quercetin 2,3-dioxygenases (2,3-QD). Their structures, spectroscopic features, redox properties, as well as the catalytic reactivity toward the substrate flavonol and O2 have been investigated in detail. The model complexes show higher enzymatic reactivities in the catalytic dioxygenation (oxidative ring opening) of the substrate flavonol at lower temperatures (55-100 °C), presumably caused by the carboxylate group in the supporting model ligand, which could lower the redox potential of the bound substrate flavonolate by electron donation. The catalytic reactivity of [M(II)L(OAc)] exhibits notable differences and it is in a metal ion dependent order of Co () > Ni () > Zn () > Fe () > Mn () > Cu (). The differences in the reactivities among them could be ascribed to the redox potential of the bound substrate flavonolate, which was drastically influenced by the metal ions via tuning the electron density of flavonolate, providing important insights into the metal ion effects and the carboxylate effects on the enzymatic activity of various M(II)-substituted 2,3-QD. Our model complexes [M(II)L(OAc)] are the first examples of a series of structural and functional models of various M(II)-substituted resting 2,3-QD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ji Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, 116024, Dalian, China.
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33
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Rahaman R, Paria S, Paine TK. Aliphatic C–C Bond Cleavage of α-Hydroxy Ketones by Non-Heme Iron(II) Complexes: Mechanistic Insight into the Reaction Catalyzed by 2,4′-Dihydroxyacetophenone Dioxygenase. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10576-86. [PMID: 26536067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Rahaman
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sayantan Paria
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapan Kanti Paine
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Kasprzak MM, Erxleben A, Ochocki J. Properties and applications of flavonoid metal complexes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoid metal complexes have a wide spectrum of activities as well as potential and actual applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Kasprzak
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Medical University of Lodz
- Lodz
- Poland
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Justyn Ochocki
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Medical University of Lodz
- Lodz
- Poland
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Sun YJ, Huang QQ, Zhang JJ. A series of NiII-flavonolate complexes as structural and functional ES (enzyme-substrate) models of the NiII-containing quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:6480-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53349b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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