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Pospieszna-Markiewicz I, Fik-Jaskółka MA, Hnatejko Z, Patroniak V, Kubicki M. Synthesis and Characterization of Lanthanide Metal Ion Complexes of New Polydentate Hydrazone Schiff Base Ligand. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238390. [PMID: 36500479 PMCID: PMC9736465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The new homodinuclear complexes of the general formula [Ln2L3(NO3)3] (where HL is newly synthesized 2-((2-(benzoxazol-2-yl)-2-methylhydrazono)methyl)phenol and Ln = Sm3+ (1), Eu3+ (2), Tb3+ (3a, 3b), Dy3+ (4), Ho3+ (5), Er3+ (6), Tm3+ (7), Yb3+ (8)), have been synthesized from the lanthanide(III) nitrates with the polydentate hydrazone Schiff base ligand. The flexibility of this unsymmetrical Schiff base ligand containing N2O binding moiety, attractive for lanthanide metal ions, allowed for a self-assembly of these complexes. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic data (ESI-MS, IR, UV/Vis, luminescence) and by the X-ray structure determination of the single crystals, all of which appeared to be different solvents. The analytical data suggested 2:3 metal:ligand stoichiometry in these complexes, and this was further confirmed by the structural results. The metal cations are nine-coordinated, by nitrogen and oxygen donor atoms. The complexes are two-centered, with three oxygen atoms in bridging positions. There are two types of structures, differing by the sources of terminal (non-bridging) coordination centers (group A: two ligands, one nitro anion/one ligand, two nitro anions, group B: three ligands, three anions).
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2
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Chi S, Xu Y, Xie B, Gao T. Luminescence of Zn-Yb dinuclear Schiff base complex: Enhanced NIR emission by modification with larger conjugated light-harvesting moieties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Lanthanide (LnIII) ions were successfully chelated and sensitized with a tripodal ligand. The absolute LnIII-centered emission efficiencies were ~3% for both the europium(III) (EuIII) and terbium (TbIII) complexes and up to 54% for the cerium(III) (CeIII) complex. The differences in emission quantum yields for the early lanthanides (CeIII) and the mid lanthanides (EuIII and TbIII) were attributed to their d–f and f–f nature, respectively. Despite the low quantum yield of the EuIII complex, the combination of the residual ligand fluorescence and the red EuIII emission resulted in a bluish-white material with the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates (0.258, 0.242). Thus, metal complexes of the ligand could be used in the generation of single-component white-light-emitting materials.
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Lei Z, Zhang F. Molecular Engineering of NIR‐II Fluorophores for Improved Biomedical Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16294-16308. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhai Lei
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and iChEM Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and iChEM Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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5
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Lei Z, Zhang F. Molecular Engineering of NIR‐II Fluorophores for Improved Biomedical Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhai Lei
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and iChEM Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and iChEM Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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Fiorini V, Marchini E, Averardi M, Giorgini L, Muzzioli S, Dellai A, Argazzi R, Sanson A, Sangiorgi N, Caramori S, Stagni S. New examples of Ru(II)-tetrazolato complexes as thiocyanate-free sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14543-14555. [PMID: 33048103 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02621b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A set of three new Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes decorated with 5-aryl tetrazolato ligands (R-CN4)-, (D series, namely D1, D3 and D4), is presented herein. Whereas complex D1 represents the pyrazinyl tetrazolato analogue of a previously reported Ru(ii) complex (D2) with the general formula cis-[(dcbpy)2Ru(N^N)]+, in which dcbpy is 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid and N^N is the chelating 2-pyridyl tetrazolato anion, the design of the unprecedented Ru(ii) species D3 and D4 relied upon a completely different architecture. More specifically, the molecular structure of thiocyanate-based species cis-[(dcbpy)2Ru(NCS)2], that is typically found in benchmark Ru(ii) dyes for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSCs), was modified with the replacement of two of the -NCS ligands in favour of the introduction of 5-aryl tetrazolato anions, such as the deprotonated form of 5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-tetrazole, for complex D3 and 5-(4-cyanophenyl)-1H-tetrazole in the case of complex D4. To streamline the behavior of the D series of Ru(ii) complexes as photosensitizers for DSSCs, an in-depth analysis of the excited state properties of D1, D3 and D4 was performed through TDDFT calculations and TDAS (nanosecond transient difference absorption spectroscopy). The obtained results highlight a trend that was confirmed once D1, D3 and D4 were tested as photosensitizers for DSSC under different conditions. Along the series of the Ru(ii) complexes, the neutrally charged species D3 and D4 displayed the best photovoltaic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fiorini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Mattia Averardi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Loris Giorgini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sara Muzzioli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Angela Dellai
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Roberto Argazzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Sanson
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Council of Research, ISTEC-CNR, Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy.
| | - Nicola Sangiorgi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Council of Research, ISTEC-CNR, Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy.
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
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Wei C, Sun B, Zhao Z, Cai Z, Liu J, Tan Y, Wei H, Liu Z, Bian Z, Huang C. A Family of Highly Emissive Lanthanide Complexes Constructed with 6-(Diphenylphosphoryl)picolinate. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8800-8808. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Boxun Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zelun Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Tan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huibo Wei
- Jiangsu JITRI Molecular Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., 88 Xianshi Road, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zuqiang Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chunhui Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Qi Y, Sun O, Zhou Y, Yao Y, Cheng Z, Gao T, Li H. Enhanced near-infrared luminescence in Ln2Cd2 (Ln = Nd, Yb) heterotetranuclear complexes. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00341g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to the effect of the combination of the rigid structure and synergistic interactions of two ligands on energy transfer, the Cd–Ln complexes show excellent NIR luminescence properties with the QYs reaching 0.34% for Nd3+ and 2.13% for Yb3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Ou Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
| | - Hongfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
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Krishnaraj C, Kaczmarek AM, Jena HS, Leus K, Chaoui N, Schmidt J, Van Deun R, Van Der Voort P. Triggering White-Light Emission in a 2D Imine Covalent Organic Framework Through Lanthanide Augmentation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:27343-27352. [PMID: 31276372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as an interesting class of porous materials, featuring tunable porosity and fluorescence properties based on reticular construction principles. Some COFs display highly emissive monocolored luminescence, but attaining white-light emission from COFs is difficult as it must account for a wide wavelength range. White-light emission is highly desired for solid-state lighting applications, and obtaining it usually demands the combination of red-, green-, and blue-light components. Hence, to achieve the targeted white-light emission, we report for the first time grafting of lanthanides (Eu3+/Tb3+) on a two-dimensional imine COF (TTA-DFP-COF). We studied the luminescence properties of the hybrid materials prepared by anchoring Eu3+ (red light) and Tb3+ (green light) β-diketonate complexes onto the TTA-DFP-COF. Reticular construction is exploited to design strong coordination of Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions into nitrogen-rich pockets of the imine COF. Mixed Eu3+/Tb3+ materials are then prepared to incorporate red and green components along with the inherent blue light from the organic moieties of the COF to produce white-light emission. We show that COFs have the potential for hosting Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes, which can be tuned to obtain desired excitations for applications in the field of optoelectronics, microscopy, optical sensing, and bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Chaoui
- Institut für Chemie-Funktionsmaterialien , Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie-Funktionsmaterialien , Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
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10
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Comparative Study of Complexes of Rare Earths and Actinides with 2,6-Bis(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)pyridine. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexes of group III metals (rare earth and actinides) with 2,6-bis(5,6-dipropyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)pyridine (BTP) have been investigated by computational (DFT) and, in limited cases, by experimental (FT-IR, X-ray) techniques with the goal of determining the characteristics of metal–ligand interactions. The DFT calculations using the M062X exchange-correlation functional revealed that metal–ligand distances correlate with the ionic radii of the metals, in agreement with available X-ray diffraction results on the Sc, Y, La, U, and Pu complexes. A related blue-shift trend could be observed in seven characteristic bands in the IR spectra associated with metal–ligand vibrations. The computations uncovered considerable charge transfer interactions, particularly in the actinide complexes, as important covalent contributions to the metal–ligand bonding. The covalent character of the metal–ligand bonds decreases in the actinides, from U to Cm.
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11
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Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Li H, Gao T, Yan P. Visible light sensitized near-infrared luminescence of ytterbium via ILCT states in quadruple-stranded helicates. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4026-4034. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Quadruple-stranded helicates show visible light sensitized near-infrared luminescence of ytterbium via ILCT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
| | - Hongfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
| | - Pengfei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
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12
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McPherson JN, Abad Galan L, Iranmanesh H, Massi M, Colbran SB. Synthesis and structural, redox and photophysical properties of tris-(2,5-di(2-pyridyl)pyrrolide) lanthanide complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9365-9375. [PMID: 31172152 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A first series of lanthanide complexes of tris(dipyridyl)pyrrolide ligands has been prepared. The [Ln(dppR1,R2)3] complexes (Ln = La(iii), Sm(iii), Eu(iii), Gd(iii) and Yb(iii); and dppR1,R2 = 2,5-di(2-pyridyl-3-(R1)-4-(R2)) pyrrolide) have been isolated and their structures and photophysical and redox properties characterised, both in the solid-state and in solution. In the complexes, the three dpp- ligands form a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination geometry about the lanthanide ions, with the antiparallel isomer observed in the solid state for non-symmetric (dppCO2Me,Me)-. However, 1H NMR spectroscopy of the diamagnetic and paramagnetic [Ln(dppR1,R2)3] complexes in d6-benzene solution reveal evidence for a statistical distribution of all possible isomers. Time-resolved luminescence studies suggest that the dpp- ligand (with triplet excited state T1 energy at 18 622 cm-1) sensitises red emission from [Eu(dppCO2Me,Me)3] and near-infrared emission from [Yb(dppCO2Me,Me)3] through the antenna effect. Cyclic voltammetry reveals three consecutive, reversible, one-electron oxidation processes for each [Ln(dppR1,R2)3] complex, corresponding to oxidations of each dpp- ligand between 0.3-0.8 V vs. E1/2 (Fc+/0), and for [Eu(dppCO2Me,Me)3] the EuIII/II couple was -2.099 V vs. E1/2 (Fc+/0).
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Affiliation(s)
- James N McPherson
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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13
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14
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Brunet G, Sebastiao E, Witkowski TG, Korobkov I, Gabidullin B, Murugesu M. A nitrogen-rich ligand as a scaffold for slow magnetic relaxation in dysprosium-based 0D and 1D architectures. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11782-11787. [PMID: 29457822 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00146d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A recently designed nitrogen-rich ligand is successfully applied as a scaffold for lanthanide ions to show that the intricate chemistry of energetic materials can be combined with other fields of research, including that of molecular magnetism. Herein, we report the synthesis of two different types of molecular architectures using a single ligand template, in which the discrete monomer exhibits single-molecule magnet-like behaviour along with two well-isolated modes of magnetic relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Brunet
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5.
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15
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Olea-Román D, Solano-Peralta A, Pistolis G, Petrou AL, Kaloudi-Chantzea A, Esturau-Escofet N, Durán-Hernández J, Sosa-Torres ME, Castillo-Blum SE. Lanthanide coordination compounds with benzimidazole-based ligands. luminescence and EPR. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Wei C, Sun B, Cai Z, Zhao Z, Tan Y, Yan W, Wei H, Liu Z, Bian Z, Huang C. Quantum Yields over 80% Achieved in Luminescent Europium Complexes by Employing Diphenylphosphoryl Tridentate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:7512-7515. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Boxun Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zelun Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Weibo Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huibo Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zuqiang Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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17
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Abad Galán L, Reid BL, Stagni S, Sobolev AN, Skelton BW, Moore EG, Hanan GS, Zysman-Colman E, Ogden MI, Massi M. Probing the effect of β-triketonates in visible and NIR emitting lanthanoid complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:7956-7964. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00945g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the effect of the third ketone arm on the photophysics of visible and NIR emitting lanthanoid β-triketonate complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Abad Galán
- School of Molecular and Life Science, and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces
- Curtin University
- Bentley
- Australia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” – University of Bologna
| | - Brodie L. Reid
- School of Molecular and Life Science, and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces
- Curtin University
- Bentley
- Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” – University of Bologna
- Bologna 40136
- Italy
| | | | - Brian W. Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences
- M310
- University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Evan G. Moore
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- University of Queensland
- St Lucia 4072 QLD
- Australia
| | - Garry S. Hanan
- Department of Chemistry
- 2900 Edouard-Montpetit Montréal
- Canada
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St. Andrews
- St. Andrews
- UK
| | - Mark I. Ogden
- School of Molecular and Life Science, and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces
- Curtin University
- Bentley
- Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Molecular and Life Science, and Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces
- Curtin University
- Bentley
- Australia
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18
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Chen Y, Chen XL, Chen Y, Jia L, Zeng MH. Design, structure and magnetic properties of a novel one-dimensional Mn(II) coordination polymer constructed from 4-pyridyl-NH-1,2,3-triazole. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Karimi Behzad S, Amini MM, Ghanbari M, Janghouri M, Anzenbacher P, Ng SW. Synthesis, Structure, Photoluminescence, and Electroluminescence of Four Europium Complexes: Fabrication of Pure Red Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes from Europium Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Karimi Behzad
- Department of Chemistry Shahid Beheshti University, G.C. 1983963113 Tehran Iran
| | - Mostafa M. Amini
- Department of Chemistry Shahid Beheshti University, G.C. 1983963113 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghanbari
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Kashan Kashan Iran
| | - Mohammad Janghouri
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering Urmia University of Technology Band Road Urmia Iran
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences Bowling Green State University 43403 Bowling Green OH USA
| | - Seik Weng Ng
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus 43500 Semenyih Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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D'Alessio D, Skelton BW, Sobolev AN, Krause‐Heuer AM, Fraser BH, Massi M, Ogden MI. Lanthanoid Complexation by a Tris‐Tetrazole‐Functionalised Calix[4]arene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D'Alessio
- Department of Chemistry Nanochemistry Research Institute Curtin University GPO Box U 19876845PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis The University of Western Australia 6009PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Alexandre N. Sobolev
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis The University of Western Australia 6009PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, M310 The University of Western Australia 6009PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Anwen M. Krause‐Heuer
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Locked Bag 20012232Kirrawee DCNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Benjamin H. Fraser
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Locked Bag 20012232Kirrawee DCNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry Nanochemistry Research Institute Curtin University GPO Box U 19876845PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Mark I. Ogden
- Department of Chemistry Nanochemistry Research Institute Curtin University GPO Box U 19876845PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, M310 The University of Western Australia 6009PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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21
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Chen JL, Gao GP, Di BS, Luo YS, Zeng XH, Qiu L, He LH, Liu SJ, Wen HR. Emissive mononuclear Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes bearing deprotonated 2,2′-bipyridyl-1,2,4-triazole terdentate ligands. J COORD CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1226501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lin Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, PR China
| | - Guo-Ping Gao
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, PR China
| | - Bao-Sheng Di
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, PR China
| | - Yan-Sheng Luo
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, PR China
| | - Xue-Hua Zeng
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, PR China
| | - Lu Qiu
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Hua He
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, PR China
| | - Sui-Jun Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, PR China
| | - He-Rui Wen
- School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, PR China
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22
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Zhou CL, Wang SM, Liu SN, Yu TT, Li RY, Xu H, Liu ZY, Sun H, Cheng JJ, Li JP, Hou HW, Chang JB. Four 1-D metal-organic polymers self-assembled from semi-flexible benzimidazole-based ligand: Syntheses, structures and fluorescent properties. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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23
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Jiménez JR, Díaz-Ortega IF, Ruiz E, Aravena D, Pope SJA, Colacio E, Herrera JM. Lanthanide Tetrazolate Complexes Combining Single-Molecule Magnet and Luminescence Properties: The Effect of the Replacement of Tetrazolate N3by β-Diketonate Ligands on the Anisotropy Energy Barrier. Chemistry 2016; 22:14548-59. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Ramón Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Ismael F. Díaz-Ortega
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Recerca de Química Teòrica i Computacional; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 645 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Aravena
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales; Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH); Casilla 40, Correo 33 Santiago Chile
| | - Simon J. A. Pope
- Cardiff School of Chemistry; Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Enrique Colacio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Herrera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain
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24
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Di Pietro S, Gautier N, Imbert D, Pécaut J, Mazzanti M. Versatile pyridine-2,6-bis-tetrazolate scaffolds for the formation of highly luminescent lanthanide complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:3429-42. [PMID: 26791092 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04811g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the straightforward synthesis of the ligands L(tz), L(tzC8), L(tzPEG), L(tzAnis) and L(≡Anis) presenting the same pyridine-bistetrazolate (pytz, L) chelating scaffold but different substituents on the para position of the pyridine ring. Its substitution allows the tuning of the solubility of the LnIII complexes [Ln(Li)3]3(-). These new ligands form homoleptic nona-coordinated LnIII complexes of analogous structure and comparable stability in water and methanol. The derivatization of the para position with triazole and substituted triazole groups does not lead to a significant shift of the absorption window, but a shift of 40 nm is observed in ligand L(≡Anis) due to the presence of the p-ethynyl anisole fragment. The L(tzX) series sensitize well, both the Eu and the Tb ions with quantum yields up to 98% for Tb and 43% for Eu, while the ligand L(≡Anis) sensitizes well Eu (QY of 48%) but cannot sensitize Tb due to the position of its triplet state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Gautier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, RICC, CEA F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Daniel Imbert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, RICC, CEA F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Jacques Pécaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, RICC, CEA F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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25
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Browne KP, Maerzke KA, Travia NE, Morris DE, Scott BL, Henson NJ, Yang P, Kiplinger JL, Veauthier JM. Synthesis, Characterization, and Density Functional Theory Analysis of Uranium and Thorium Complexes Containing Nitrogen-Rich 5-Methyltetrazolate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:4941-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Browne
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Katie A. Maerzke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Travia
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - David E. Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Brian L. Scott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Neil J. Henson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ping Yang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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26
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Hyper-stable organo-Eu(III) luminophore under high temperature for photo-industrial application. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24458. [PMID: 27074731 PMCID: PMC4830997 DOI: 10.1038/srep24458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel organo-Eu(III) luminophores, Eu(hfa)x(CPO)y and Eu(hfa)x(TCPO)y (hfa: hexafluoroacetylacetonate, CPO: 4-carboxyphenyl diphenyl phosphine oxide, TCPO: 4,4',4″-tricarboxyphenyl phosphine oxide), were synthesized by the complexation of Eu(III) ions with hfa moieties and CPO or TCPO ligands. The thermal and luminescent stabilities of the luminophores are extremely high. The decomposition temperature of Eu(hfa)x(CPO)y and Eu(hfa)x(TCPO)y were determined as 200 and 450 °C, respectively. The luminescence of Eu(hfa)x(TCPO)y under UV light irradiation was observed even at a high temperature, 400 °C. The luminescent properties of Eu(hfa)x(CPO)y and Eu(hfa)x(TCPO)y were estimated from emission spectra, quantum yields and lifetime measurements. The energy transfer efficiency from hfa moieties to Eu(III) ions in Eu(hfa)x(TCPO)y was 59%. The photosensitized luminescence of hyper-stable Eu(hfa)x(TCPO)y at 400 °C is demonstrated for future photonic applications.
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27
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Xiao Y, Wang SH, Zheng FK, Wu MF, Xu J, Liu ZF, Chen J, Li R, Guo GC. Excitation wavelength-induced color-tunable and white-light emissions in lanthanide(iii) coordination polymers constructed using an environment-dependent luminescent tetrazolate–dicarboxylate ligand. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02140e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Color-tunable and white-light emitting lanthanide(iii) polymers with a selective light-emitting ligand have been constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shuai-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Fa-Kun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Mei-Feng Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang, PR China
| | - Ju Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Fa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Guo-Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, PR China
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28
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Irfanullah M, Bhardwaj N, Chowdhury A. Sensitized luminescence from water-soluble LaF3:Eu nanocrystals via partially-capped 1,10-phenanthroline: time-gated emission and multiple lifetimes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:12483-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01917j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel LaF3:Eu(5%) nanocrystals containing partially-capped 1,10-phenanthroline ligands have been obtained, which display intense phen-sensitized europium emission in water and multiple lifetimes from Eu3+-dopant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Irfanullah
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Navneet Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Arindam Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
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29
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Reid BL, Stagni S, Malicka JM, Cocchi M, Sobolev AN, Skelton BW, Moore EG, Hanan GS, Ogden MI, Massi M. Lanthanoid/Alkali Metal β-Triketonate Assemblies: A Robust Platform for Efficient NIR Emitters. Chemistry 2015; 21:18354-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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31
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Shavaleev NM, Eliseeva SV. Synthesis and spectroscopy of anionic tridentate benzimidazole-pyridine carboxylate and tetrazolate chromophore ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Reid BL, Moore EG, Skelton BW, Ogden MI, Massi M. Investigation of the Photophysical Properties of a Eu3+ Coordination Polymer Bearing an α-Nitrile Substituted β-Diketonate Ligand via Emission and Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of the β-diketone ligand, 2-cyano-1,3-phenyl-1,3-propandione (LH), with hydrated EuCl3 in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen), results in the crystallisation of a one-dimensional Eu3+ coordination polymer of formulation [Eu(Phen)(L)3]∞, formed by coordination of the nitrile group of an O,O′-bound ligand to a neighbouring metal centre. An investigation of the metal-centred emission of the polymer, both in the solid state and solution, revealed red emission characterised by relatively long-lived excited state lifetimes and high intrinsic quantum yields. However, analysis of the overall quantum yield and sensitisation efficiency reveals that ultrafast processes in the ligand potentially inhibit Eu3+ sensitisation. Further investigations into these processes using transient absorption spectroscopy suggest that substitution at the α-C position may significantly decrease sensitisation via the antenna effect.
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33
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Senthil Kumar K, Schäfer B, Lebedkin S, Karmazin L, Kappes MM, Ruben M. Highly luminescent charge-neutral europium(iii) and terbium(iii) complexes with tridentate nitrogen ligands. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:15611-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02186c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and efficient photoluminescence of charge-neutral lanthanide (Ln = Eu3+ and Tb3+) complexes based on pyrazole–pyridine–tetrazole and pyrazole–pyridine–triazole ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Senthil Kumar
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS)
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Bernhard Schäfer
- Institute of Nanotechnology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of Nanotechnology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Lydia Karmazin
- Service de Radiocristallographie
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg
- 67008 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS)
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
- Institute of Nanotechnology
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