1
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Vigarani G, Marchini E, Previati E, Giorgini L, Zacchini S, Argazzi R, Massi M, Fiorini V, Caramori S, Stagni S. Designing Ionic Ir(III) Cyclometalated Complexes as Photocatalysts for Light Assisted ATRP of MMA. A Combined Experimental and Mechanistic Study. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400393. [PMID: 38443315 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
A new family of ionic Ir(III) cyclometalated complexes with general formula [Ir(CN)2(NN)][Br], was designed and prepared to be assessed as photocalysts for the visible light assisted ATRP polymerization of MMA. To this purpose, our design strategy involved both: i) the decoration of the cyclometalating (CN) and the ancillary (NN) ligands with various electron withdrawing and/or electron donor substituents and, ii) the use of Br- as the counter anion for these cationic Ir(III) species. After an extensive screening in which the [Ir(CN)2(NN)][Br]-type compounds were compared to the model neutral complex fac-[Ir(ppy)3], the "fully" amino-substituted ion pairs abbreviated as [10][Br] and [11][Br], exhibited the best photocatalytic performances under irradiation with CFL lamps. It is worth noting that the outcomes of transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) experiments combined with theoretical DFT calculations, enlightened the role played by the Ir(III) complexes in the mechanism of the photoATRP process, and suggested the rationalization of the different performances that were highlighted by our Ir(III) catalyst in the visible light assisted photopolymerization of MMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vigarani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Previati
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Loris Giorgini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Argazzi
- CNR-ISOF c/o Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Valentina Fiorini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Carli S, Marchini E, Catani M, Orlandi M, Bazzanella N, Barboni D, Boaretto R, Cavazzini A, Caramori S. Electrocatalytic Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for Electrochemical Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Langmuir 2024. [PMID: 38703121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the utilization of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as a catalytic material for the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). PEDOT films doped with different counterions were electrodeposited on graphite foil. In particular, the mobile anion perchlorate and the polymeric ionomers polystyrenesulfonate, Nafion, and Aquivion were used. The electrocatalytic properties of PEDOT films were evaluated toward the TEMPO redox mediator in the absence and the presence of HMF as a substrate for oxidation reactions. The electrocatalytic HMF oxidation was confirmed to occur at PEDOT electrodes, and it was also found that the chemical nature of PEDOT counterions controls the electrocatalytic conversion of HMF by modulating the kinetics of the electrochemical generation of the oxoammonium cation TEMPO(+). Potentiostatic electrolysis experiments showed that both the reference graphite electrode and PEDOT substrates were able to convert HMF to FDCA with an 80% faradaic efficiency (FE) and a >90% yield (FDCA), but, compared to graphite, the complete conversion of HMF to FDCA required a ca. 30% shorter time when using PEDOT electrodes doped with perchlorate or Aquivion, thanks to their ability to sustain a higher current density in the initial phase of the electrolysis. In addition, while all PEDOT films were chemically stable under the electrochemical conditions herein described, only PEDOT films doped with Aquivion were also mechanically robust and stable against delamination. Thus, the new PEDOT/Aquivion composite may represent the best choice for the implementation of PEDOT-based electrodes in TEMPO-mediated electrocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Carli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Orlandi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Bazzanella
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Davide Barboni
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rita Boaretto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics─CREA, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Skorupa M, Karoń K, Marchini E, Caramori S, Pluczyk-Małek S, Krukiewicz K, Carli S. PEDOT:Nafion for Highly Efficient Supercapacitors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16. [PMID: 38652052 PMCID: PMC11082849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Supercapacitors offer notable properties as energy storage devices, providing high power density and fast charging and discharging while maintaining a long cycling lifetime. Although poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) has become a gold standard among organic electronics materials, researchers are still investigating ways to further improve its capacitive characteristics. In this work, we introduced Nafion as an alternative polymeric counterion to PSS to form highly capacitive PEDOT/Nafion; its advantageous supercapacitive properties were further improved by treatment with either dimethyl sulfoxide or ethylene glycol. Accordingly, electrochemical characterization of PEDOT/Nafion films revealed their high areal capacitance (22 mF cm-2 at 10 mV/s) and low charge transfer resistance (∼380 Ω), together with excellent volumetric capacitance (74 F cm-3), Coulombic efficiency (99%), and an energy density of 23.1 ± 1.5 mWh cm-3 at a power density of 0.5 W cm-3, resulting from a more effective ion diffusion inside the conductive film, as confirmed by the results of spectroscopic studies. A proof-of-concept symmetric supercapacitor based on PEDOT/Nafion was characterized with a specific capacitance of approximately 15.7 F g-1 and impressive long-term stability (Coulombic efficiency ∼99% and capacitance ∼98.7% after 1000 charging/discharging cycles), overperforming the device based on PEDOT/PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Skorupa
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
- Joint
Doctoral School, Silesian University of
Technology, Akademicka
2A, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Karoń
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Edoardo Marchini
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Sandra Pluczyk-Małek
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Stefano Carli
- Department
of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
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Marchini E, Caramori S, Carli S. Metal Complexes for Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells (DSPECs). Molecules 2024; 29:293. [PMID: 38257206 PMCID: PMC10818894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since Mallouk's earliest contribution, dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have emerged as a promising class of photoelectrochemical devices capable of storing solar light into chemical bonds. This review primarily focuses on metal complexes outlining stabilization strategies and applications. The ubiquity and safety of water have made its splitting an extensively studied reaction; here, we present some examples from the outset to recent advancements. Additionally, alternative oxidative pathways like HX splitting and organic reactions mediated by a redox shuttle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Stefano Carli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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5
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Reddy-Marri A, Marchini E, Cabanes VD, Argazzi R, Pastore M, Caramori S, Gros PC. Panchromatic light harvesting and record power conversion efficiency for carboxylic/cyanoacrylic Fe( ii) NHC co-sensitized FeSSCs. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4288-4301. [PMID: 37123187 PMCID: PMC10132143 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05971a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-sensitization of TiO2 by using a combination of carboxylic and thienylcyanoacrylic (ThCA)–Fe(ii) pyridyl-NHC sensitizers produced a panchromatic absorption and the best photocurrent and efficiency ever reported for an FeSSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Reddy-Marri
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 851 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Argazzi
- CNR-ISOF c/o Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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6
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Marchini E, Orlandi M, Bazzanella N, Boaretto R, Cristino V, Miotello A, Caramori S, Carli S. Electrodeposited PEDOT/Nafion as Catalytic Counter Electrodes for Cobalt and Copper Bipyridyl Redox Mediators in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS Omega 2022; 7:29181-29194. [PMID: 36033653 PMCID: PMC9404163 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PEDOT-based counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are generally prepared by electrodeposition, which produces polymer films endowed with the best electrocatalytic properties. This translates in fast regeneration of the redox mediator, which allows the solar cell to sustain efficient photoconversion. The sustainable fabrication of DSSCs must consider the scaling up of the entire process, and when possible, it should avoid the use of large amounts of hazardous and/or inflammable chemicals, such as organic solvents for instance. This is why electrodeposition of PEDOT-based counter electrodes should preferably be carried out in aqueous media. In this study, PEDOT/Nafion was electrodeposited on FTO and comparatively evaluated as a catalytic material in DSSCs based on either cobalt or copper electrolytes. Our results show that the electrochemical response of PEDOT/Nafion toward Co(II/III-) or Cu(I/II)-based redox shuttles was comparable to that of PEDOT/ClO4 and significantly superior to that of PEDOT/PSS. In addition, when tested for adhesion, PEDOT/Nafion films were more stable for delamination if compared to PEDOT/ClO4, a feature that may prove beneficial in view of the long-term stability of solar devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Marchini
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Orlandi
- Department
of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Bazzanella
- Department
of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Rita Boaretto
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vito Cristino
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Miotello
- Department
of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Carli
- Department
of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Gentili V, Pazzi D, Rizzo S, Schiuma G, Marchini E, Papadia S, Sartorel A, Di Luca D, Caccuri F, Bignozzi CA, Rizzo R. Transparent Polymeric Formulations Effective against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:54648-54655. [PMID: 34752084 PMCID: PMC8592126 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The main route of the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is through airborne small aerosol particles containing viable virus as well as through droplets transmitted between people within close proximity. Transmission via contaminated surfaces has also been recognized as an important route for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Among a variety of antimicrobial agents currently in use, polymers represent a class of biocides that have become increasingly important as an alternative to existing biocidal approaches. Two transparent polymeric compounds, containing silver and benzalkonium ions electrostatically bound to a polystyrene sulfonate backbone, were synthesized, through simple procedures, and evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans (ISO EN 1276) and for their antiviral activity toward 229E and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses (ISO UNI EN 14476:2019). The results showed that the two tested formulations are able to inhibit the growth of (1.5-5.5) × 1011 CFU of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and of the fungal species Candida albicans. Both compounds were able to control the 229E and SARS-CoV-2 infection of a target cell in a time contact of 5 min, with a virucidal effect from 24 to 72 h postinfection, according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines, where a product is considered virucidal upon achieving a reduction of 4 logarithms. This study observed a decrease of more than 5 logarithms, which implies that these formulations are likely ideal candidates for the realization of transparent surface coatings that are capable of maintaining remarkable antibacterial activity and SARS-CoV-2 antiviral properties over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gentili
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100,
Italy
| | - Daniele Pazzi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100,
Italy
| | - Sabrina Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100,
Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiuma
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100,
Italy
| | - Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100,
Italy
| | - Stefania Papadia
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100,
Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences,
University of Padova, Padova 35131,
Italy
| | - Dario Di Luca
- Department of Medical Sciences, University
of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100, Italy
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Department of Microbiology and Virology,
Spedali Civili, Brescia 25125, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Bignozzi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100,
Italy
| | - Roberta Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100,
Italy
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8
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Marri AR, Marchini E, Cabanes VD, Argazzi R, Pastore M, Caramori S, Bignozzi CA, Gros PC. A Series of Iron(II)-NHC Sensitizers with Remarkable Power Conversion Efficiency in Photoelectrochemical Cells*. Chemistry 2021; 27:16260-16269. [PMID: 34528728 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of six new Fe(II)NHC-carboxylic sensitizers with their ancillary ligand decorated with functions of varied electronic properties have been designed with the aim to increase the metal-to- surface charge separation and light harvesting in iron-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). ARM130 scored the highest efficiency ever reported for an iron-sensitized solar cell (1.83 %) using Mg2+ and NBu4 I-based electrolyte and a thick 20 μm TiO2 anode. Computational modelling, transient absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that the electronic properties induced by the dimethoxyphenyl-substituted NHC ligand of ARM130 led to the best combination of electron injection yield and spectral sensitivity breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L.Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Argazzi
- CNR-ISOF c/o Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L.Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L.Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Bignozzi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L.Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Fiorini V, Marchini E, Averardi M, Giorgini L, Muzzioli S, Dellai A, Argazzi R, Sanson A, Sangiorgi N, Caramori S, Stagni S. New examples of Ru(II)-tetrazolato complexes as thiocyanate-free sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14543-14555. [PMID: 33048103 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02621b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A set of three new Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes decorated with 5-aryl tetrazolato ligands (R-CN4)-, (D series, namely D1, D3 and D4), is presented herein. Whereas complex D1 represents the pyrazinyl tetrazolato analogue of a previously reported Ru(ii) complex (D2) with the general formula cis-[(dcbpy)2Ru(N^N)]+, in which dcbpy is 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid and N^N is the chelating 2-pyridyl tetrazolato anion, the design of the unprecedented Ru(ii) species D3 and D4 relied upon a completely different architecture. More specifically, the molecular structure of thiocyanate-based species cis-[(dcbpy)2Ru(NCS)2], that is typically found in benchmark Ru(ii) dyes for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSCs), was modified with the replacement of two of the -NCS ligands in favour of the introduction of 5-aryl tetrazolato anions, such as the deprotonated form of 5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-tetrazole, for complex D3 and 5-(4-cyanophenyl)-1H-tetrazole in the case of complex D4. To streamline the behavior of the D series of Ru(ii) complexes as photosensitizers for DSSCs, an in-depth analysis of the excited state properties of D1, D3 and D4 was performed through TDDFT calculations and TDAS (nanosecond transient difference absorption spectroscopy). The obtained results highlight a trend that was confirmed once D1, D3 and D4 were tested as photosensitizers for DSSC under different conditions. Along the series of the Ru(ii) complexes, the neutrally charged species D3 and D4 displayed the best photovoltaic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fiorini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Mattia Averardi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Loris Giorgini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sara Muzzioli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Angela Dellai
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Roberto Argazzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Sanson
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Council of Research, ISTEC-CNR, Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy.
| | - Nicola Sangiorgi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Council of Research, ISTEC-CNR, Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy.
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
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10
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Marchini E, Darari M, Lazzarin L, Boaretto R, Argazzi R, Bignozzi CA, Gros PC, Caramori S. Recombination and regeneration dynamics in FeNHC(ii)-sensitized solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:543-546. [PMID: 31829327 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07794d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recombination and regeneration dynamics in Fe-NHC-sensitized DSSCs revealed incomplete injection and the detrimental effect of photoinjected electron recapture by the I3-form of the redox electrolyte on performance. Importantly, the use of additives in the electrolyte allowed the best efficiency ever recorded for an iron-based DSSC to be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L.Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Mohamed Darari
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Luca Lazzarin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L.Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Rita Boaretto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L.Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Roberto Argazzi
- CNR-ISOF c/o Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L.Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Bignozzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L.Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L.Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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Abstract
A simple extraction-free or direct quantitative ELISA for progesterone in bovine milk whey was developed. Whey samples are easy to collect, transport, and store. This method also allows for monitoring progesterone levels in cattle, which is important in reproductive management. The assay was designed to cover the concentration range 0.05 to 2 ng/mL, and the sensitivity of the method was 1.5 pg/mL. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 8 and 12%, respectively. A high correlation (r = 0.90) between ELISA and radioimmunoassay measurements of progesterone in the same milk whey samples was obtained. The method can be easily applied in practice because samples can be stored at room temperature (22 to 26 degrees C) for 4 d. Moreover, because analysis requires milk coagulation, that process can be initiated during transport by standard mail services to the laboratory. Upon arrival at the laboratory, whey can be kept refrigerated for 1 wk before analysis. This tool is useful for monitoring luteal activity of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Comin
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università di Udine, Italy
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12
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Volpe A, Artini PG, Coukos G, Uccelli E, Marchini E, Genazzani AR. Sperm retrieval for direct intraperitoneal insemination in a diabetic with retrograde ejaculation. A case report. J Reprod Med 1992; 37:219-20. [PMID: 1564705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Retrograde ejaculation is an uncommon form of male infertility. It may occur in diabetics from neuropathy involving the sympathetic fibers innervating the bladder neck. Treatment of infertility in these cases is with artificial homologous insemination. Several techniques for semen recovery from the bladder have been proposed. This paper describes a case of twin pregnancy following direct intraperitoneal insemination (DIPI) of semen retrieved from a diabetic man with retrograde ejaculation. Retrieval of semen was performed in this case by spontaneous voiding of urine after the introduction of a suitable medium into the bladder and before ejaculation. The quality of the semen was examined after spontaneous urination before DIPI. The poor quality of the spermatozoa induced us to introduce into the bladder a suitable medium before ejaculation and sperm recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Volpe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena Medical School, Italy
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13
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De Ferrari M, Artuso M, Bonassi S, Bonatti S, Cavalieri Z, Pescatore D, Marchini E, Pisano V, Abbondandolo A. Cytogenetic biomonitoring of an Italian population exposed to pesticides: chromosome aberration and sister-chromatid exchange analysis in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutat Res 1991; 260:105-13. [PMID: 2027334 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(91)90086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome aberrations (CA) and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) were measured in lymphocytes of (A) 32 healthy individuals working in the flower industry and exposed to pesticides, (B) 32 individuals exposed as above and hospitalized for bladder cancer, and (C) 31 controls. Compounds to which floriculturists were exposed included 18 nitro-organic herbicides and fungicides, 9 nitro-organic fungicides, 12 organophosphate and organothiophosphate insecticides, 4 hydrocarbon derivative herbicides and 5 inorganic fungicides and insecticides. 150 and 70 metaphases per individual were scored for CA and SCE, respectively. A significant increase in the incidence of CA and SCE was observed in both exposed groups. Cancer patients showed the presence of rare rearrangements (dicentrics, rings and quadriradials) that were not observed in controls and were present at a lower frequency in healthy exposed people. Hyperdiploid and polyploid metaphases were also significantly increased in the 2 exposed groups compared to controls. Stratifying for age or smoking habits, although affecting the significance of individual data, did not change the substance of the results.
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14
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Marchini E, Calvi P, Belgrano G, Cantagallo E, Michelotti P, Pescatore D. Trattamento Farmacologico Dell'Adenoma Prostatico Con Mepartricina: Valutazione Clinica, Ecografica E Urodinamica Dei Risultati. Urologia 1989. [DOI: 10.1177/039156038905600324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - D. Pescatore
- (Ospedale Civile di Sanremo, Imperia, Divisione di Urologia)
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15
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Pescatore D, Marchini E. La Chirurgia Del Surrene: Sindromi Climche Nella Patologia Surrenalica. Urologia 1989. [DOI: 10.1177/039156038905600212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Calvi P, Marchini E, Belgrano G, Cantagallo E, Michelotti P, Pescatore D. Sindrome Renale in Paziente Con Carcinoma Del Cieco. Urologia 1989. [DOI: 10.1177/039156038905600128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Belgrano G, Marchini E, Calvi P, Michelotti P, Cantagallo E, Pescatore D, Moretti N. Carcinoma Papillifero Transizionale Incidentale in Caso Di Adenoma Prostatico. Urologia 1989. [DOI: 10.1177/039156038905600117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Marchini E, Belgrano G, Calvi P, Michelotti P, Cantagallo E, Pescatore D. Un Antibiotico Beta-Lattamico Della Classe Delle Tienamicine Nel Trattamento Delle Uti Complicate. Urologia 1989. [DOI: 10.1177/039156038905600115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Pescatore D, Belgrano G, Calvi P, Marchini E. Assetto Ormonale Nel Varicocele: Valutazioni Comparative Su Prelievi Da Vena Spermatica, Vena Brachiale E Liquido Seminale. Urologia 1985. [DOI: 10.1177/039156038505200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Pescatore D, Calvi P, Marchini E, Belgrano G. La Ripresa Funzionale Del Rene Urograficamente Escluso Nel Trattamento Chirurgico Della Malattia Del Giunto Pielo-Ureterale: Valutazione Urografica E Nefroscintigrafica. Urologia 1985. [DOI: 10.1177/039156038505200120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Pescatore D, Belgrano G, Marchini E, Calvi P. Trattamento Locale Dell'Induratio Penis Plastica Con Orgoteina: Speranze E Fallimenti. Urologia 1985. [DOI: 10.1177/039156038505200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Pescatore D, Calvi P, Marchini E, Belgrano G. La Sinfisiotomia Complementare Nel Trattamento Chirurgico Definitivo Della Calcolosi Secondaria E Recidiva Nel Rene a Ferro Di Cavallo. Urologia 1985. [DOI: 10.1177/039156038505200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Pescatore D, Badini A, Calvi P, Marchini E, Belgrano G. Adenoma Gigante Del Rene: Considerazioni cliniche e anatomo-patologiche. Urologia 1984. [DOI: 10.1177/039156038405100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Pescatore
- Ospedali Riuniti di Sanremo e Bussano, Imperia, Divisione di Urologia
| | - A. Badini
- Professore Incaricato Stabilizzato di Anatomia Patologica nell'Università degli Studi di Genova
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24
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Pescatore D, Belgrano G, Calvi P, Marchini E. Validità Dell'Accesso a Lembo Xifo-Ombelico-Sottocostale Secondo Giuliani Nelle Associazioni Neoplastiche Renali E Vescico-Prostatiche. Urologia 1984. [DOI: 10.1177/039156038405100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Pescatore
- Ospedali Riuniti di Sanremo e Bussano, Imperia, Divisione di Urologia
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25
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Coates TJ, Killen JD, Silverman S, George J, Marchini E, Hamilton S, Thoresen CE. Cognitive activity, sleep disturbance, and stage specific differences between recorded and reported sleep. Psychophysiology 1983; 20:243-50. [PMID: 6867219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb02151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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Coates TJ, Killen JD, George J, Marchini E, Silverman S, Thoresen C. Estimating sleep parameters: a multitrait--multimethod analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol 1982; 50:345-52. [PMID: 7096737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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27
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Coates TJ, Killen JD, George J, Marchini E, Silverman S, Hamilton S, Thoresen CE. Discriminating good sleepers from insomniacs using all-night polysomnograms conducted at home. J Nerv Ment Dis 1982; 170:224-30. [PMID: 7062009 DOI: 10.1097/00005053-198204000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Twelve good sleepers and 12 insomniacs were recorded over three nights in their homes. Subjective assessment of sleep indicated minimal disruption due to sleep recording procedures. A cut point of 88 per cent sleep efficiency resulted in correct classification of nine poor sleepers and 10 good sleepers. Multiple discriminant function analyses, using variables related to rapid eye movement sleep, resulted in the same number of correct classifications. The two indices combined resulted in 100 per cent exclusion of false positives for good sleepers and insomniacs. Insomniacs also showed more night-to night variability in sleep and greater difficulty in returning to sleep once aroused. These results show that good sleepers and insomniacs can be distinquished with a high degree of resolution using variables derived from the home all-night sleep recording.
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28
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Coates TJ, George JM, Killen JD, Marchini E, Hamilton S, Thorensen CE. First night effects in good sleepers and sleep-maintenance insomniacs when recorded at home. Sleep 1981; 4:293-8. [PMID: 7302460 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/4.3.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Home sleep recordings were conducted over four consecutive nights with 12 good sleepers and 12 sleep-maintenance insomniacs. Good sleepers showed decreased sleep efficiency and increased min awake after sleep onset on night 1. Insomniacs showed extended latency to onset of the first REM period and decreased REM in the first third of the initial recording night. Good sleepers and insomniacs reported no significant differences in adequacy of sleep between the first and subsequent sleep nights.
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29
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Marchini E, Grignani F. [Cutaneous leukemic manifestations arising on the site of herpes zoster in a subject with lymphatic leukemia]. Rass Dermatol Sifilogr 1965; 18:61-9. [PMID: 5840183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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