1
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Markham TE, Codd R. A Mild and Modular Approach to the Total Synthesis of Desferrioxamine B. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5118-5125. [PMID: 38471001 PMCID: PMC11003418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A mild and modular approach to the total synthesis of the WHO-listed essential medicine desferrioxamine B is described. Hydroxamic acid fragments were installed under mild conditions, a generalized divergent acylation procedure used to access two monomer precursors, and a transfer hydrogenation reaction used to unmask the hydroxamic acid moieties. Desferrioxamine B was generated over ten linear steps as the formate salt in 17% overall yield using standard amide coupling conditions or in 13% overall yield using microwave-assisted amide coupling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd E. Markham
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Rachel Codd
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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2
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Ghosh S, Lee SJ, Hsu JC, Chakraborty S, Chakravarty R, Cai W. Cancer Brachytherapy at the Nanoscale: An Emerging Paradigm. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2024; 2:4-26. [PMID: 38274040 PMCID: PMC10806911 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Brachytherapy is an established treatment modality that has been globally utilized for the therapy of malignant solid tumors. However, classic therapeutic sealed sources used in brachytherapy must be surgically implanted directly into the tumor site and removed after the requisite period of treatment. In order to avoid the trauma involved in the surgical procedures and prevent undesirable radioactive distribution at the cancerous site, well-dispersed radiolabeled nanomaterials are now being explored for brachytherapy applications. This emerging field has been coined "nanoscale brachytherapy". Despite present-day advancements, an ongoing challenge is obtaining an advanced, functional nanomaterial that concurrently incorporates features of high radiolabeling yield, short labeling time, good radiolabeling stability, and long tumor retention time without leakage of radioactivity to the nontargeted organs. Further, attachment of suitable targeting ligands to the nanoplatforms would widen the nanoscale brachytherapy approach to tumors expressing various phenotypes. Molecular imaging using radiolabeled nanoplatforms enables noninvasive visualization of cellular functions and biological processes in vivo. In vivo imaging also aids in visualizing the localization and retention of the radiolabeled nanoplatforms at the tumor site for the requisite time period to render safe and effective therapy. Herein, we review the advancements over the last several years in the synthesis and use of functionalized radiolabeled nanoplatforms as a noninvasive substitute to standard brachytherapy sources. The limitations of present-day brachytherapy sealed sources are analyzed, while highlighting the advantages of using radiolabeled nanoparticles (NPs) for this purpose. The recent progress in the development of different radiolabeling methods, delivery techniques and nanoparticle internalization mechanisms are discussed. The preclinical studies performed to date are summarized with an emphasis on the current challenges toward the future translation of nanoscale brachytherapy in routine clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Ghosh
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sophia J. Lee
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jessica C. Hsu
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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3
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Ramogida C, Price E. Transition and Post-Transition Radiometals for PET Imaging and Radiotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:65-101. [PMID: 38006492 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiometals are an exciting class of radionuclides because of the large number of metallic elements available that have medically useful isotopes. To properly harness radiometals, they must be securely bound by chelators, which must be carefully matched to the radiometal ion to maximize radiolabeling performance and the stability of the resulting complex. This chapter focuses on practical aspects of radiometallation chemistry including chelator selection, radiolabeling procedures and conditions, radiolysis prevention, purification, quality control, requisite equipment and reagents, and useful tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Eric Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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4
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Lucio-Martínez F, Esteban-Gómez D, Valencia L, Horváth D, Szücs D, Fekete A, Szikra D, Tircsó G, Platas-Iglesias C. Rigid H 4OCTAPA derivatives as model chelators for the development of Bi(III)-based radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3443-3446. [PMID: 36857648 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Octadentate ligands containing ethyl (H4OCTAPA), cyclohexyl (H4CHXOCTAPA) or cyclopentyl (H4CpOCTAPA) spacers were assessed as chelators for Bi(III)-based radiopharmaceuticals. The H4CHXOCTAPA chelator displays excellent properties, including 205/206Bi-nuclide radiolabelling under mild conditions, excellent stability in serum and in the presence of competing cations or H5DTPA. The poor performance of H4CpOCTAPA appears to be related to the stereochemical activity of the Bi(III) lone pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Lucio-Martínez
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Laura Valencia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, Pontevedra 36310, Spain
| | - Dávid Horváth
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Dániel Szücs
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Anikó Fekete
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Dezső Szikra
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Gyula Tircsó
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
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5
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Khozeimeh Sarbisheh E, Summers KL, Salih AK, Cotelesage JJH, Zimmerling A, Pickering IJ, George GN, Price EW. Radiochemical, Computational, and Spectroscopic Evaluation of High-Denticity Desferrioxamine Derivatives DFO2 and DFO2p toward an Ideal Zirconium-89 Chelate Platform. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2637-2651. [PMID: 36716427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Desferrioxamine (DFO) has long been considered the gold standard chelator for incorporating [89Zr]Zr4+ in radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. To improve the stability of DFO with zirconium-89 and to expand its coordination sphere to enable binding of large therapeutic radiometals, we have synthesized the highest denticity DFO derivatives to date: dodecadentate DFO2 and DFO2p. In this study, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a novel DFO-based chelator, DFO2p, which is comprised of two DFO strands connected by an p-NO2-phenyl linker and therefore contains double the chelating moieties of DFO (potential coordination number up to 12 vs 6). The chelator DFO2p offers an optimized synthesis comprised of only a single reaction step and improves water solubility relative to DFO2, but the shorter linker reduces molecular flexibility. Both DFO2 and DFO2p, each with 6 potential hydroxamate ligands, are able to reach a more energetically favorable 8-coordinate environment for Zr(IV) than DFO. The zirconium(IV) coordination environment of these complexes were evaluated by a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and synchrotron spectroscopy (extended X-ray absorption fine structure), which suggest the inner-coordination sphere of zirconium(IV) to be comprised of the outermost four hydroxamate ligands. These results also confirm a single Zr(IV) in each chelator, and the hydroxide ligands which complete the coordination sphere of Zr(IV)-DFO are absent from Zr(IV)-DFO2 and Zr(IV)-DFO2p. Radiochemical stability studies with zirconium-89 revealed the order of real-world stability to be DFO2 > DFO2p ≫ DFO. The zirconium-89 complexes of these new high-denticity chelators were found to be far more stable than DFO, and the decreased molecular flexibility of DFO2p, relative to DFO2, could explain its decreased stability, relative to DFO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Khozeimeh Sarbisheh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Kelly L Summers
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Akam K Salih
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Julien J H Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Amanda Zimmerling
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada
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6
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Lucio-Martínez F, Garda Z, Váradi B, Kálmán FK, Esteban-Gómez D, Tóth É, Tircsó G, Platas-Iglesias C. Rigidified Derivative of the Non-macrocyclic Ligand H 4OCTAPA for Stable Lanthanide(III) Complexation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5157-5171. [PMID: 35275621 PMCID: PMC8965877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The stability constants
of lanthanide complexes with the potentially
octadentate ligand CHXOCTAPA4–,
which contains a rigid 1,2-diaminocyclohexane scaffold functionalized
with two acetate and two picolinate pendant arms, reveal the formation
of stable complexes [log KLaL = 17.82(1)
and log KYbL = 19.65(1)]. Luminescence
studies on the Eu3+ and Tb3+ analogues evidenced
rather high emission quantum yields of 3.4 and 11%, respectively.
The emission lifetimes recorded in H2O and D2O solutions indicate the presence of a water molecule coordinated
to the metal ion. 1H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion
profiles and 17O NMR chemical shift and relaxation measurements
point to a rather low water exchange rate of the coordinated water
molecule (kex298 = 1.58 ×
106 s–1) and relatively high relaxivities
of 5.6 and 4.5 mM–1 s–1 at 20
MHz and 25 and 37 °C, respectively. Density functional theory
calculations and analysis of the paramagnetic shifts induced by Yb3+ indicate that the complexes adopt an unprecedented cis geometry
with the two picolinate groups situated on the same side of the coordination
sphere. Dissociation kinetics experiments were conducted by investigating
the exchange reactions of LuL occurring with Cu2+. The
results confirmed the beneficial effect of the rigid cyclohexyl group
on the inertness of the Lu3+ complex. Complex dissociation
occurs following proton- and metal-assisted pathways. The latter is
relatively efficient at neutral pH, thanks to the formation of a heterodinuclear
hydroxo complex. A
non-macrocyclic ligand containing a rigid cyclohexyl spacer
forms thermodynamically stable complexes with the lanthanide(III)
ions in aqueous solution. The complexes also show remarkable kinetic
inertness, though a structural change facilitates dissociation through
the metal-assisted mechanism for the small lanthanides. The Gd(III)
complex displays a relatively high relaxivity due to the presence
of a water molecule coordinated to the metal ion, while the Eu(III)
and Tb(III) analogues display strong metal-centered luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Lucio-Martínez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Zoltán Garda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Váradi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Krisztián Kálmán
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Gyula Tircsó
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
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7
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Southcott L, Whetter JN, Wharton L, Patrick BO, Zarschler K, Kubeil M, Stephan H, de Guadalupe Jaraquemada-Peláez M, Orvig C. Bis(amido)bis(oxinate)diamine Ligands for theranostic radiometals. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 231:111789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Chakravarty R, Chakraborty S. A review of advances in the last decade on targeted cancer therapy using 177Lu: focusing on 177Lu produced by the direct neutron activation route. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2021; 11:443-475. [PMID: 35003885 PMCID: PMC8727880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lutetium-177 [T½ = 6.76 d; Eβ (max) = 0.497 MeV; maximum tissue range ~2.5 mm; 208 keV γ-ray] is one of the most important theranostic radioisotope used for the management of various oncological and non-oncological disorders. The present review chronicles the advancement in the last decade in 177Lu-radiopharmacy with a focus on 177Lu produced via direct 176Lu (n, γ) 177Lu nuclear reaction in medium flux research reactors. The specific nuances of 177Lu production by various routes are described and their pros and cons are discussed. Lutetium, is the last element in the lanthanide series. Its chemistry plays a vital role in the preparation of a wide variety of radiopharmaceuticals which demonstrate appreciable in vivo stability. Traditional bifunctional chelators (BFCs) that are used for 177Lu-labeling are discussed and the upcoming ones are highlighted. Research efforts that resulted in the growth of various 177Lu-based radiopharmaceuticals in preclinical and clinical settings are provided. This review also summarizes the results of clinical studies with potent 177Lu-based radiopharmaceuticals that have been prepared using medium specific activity 177Lu produced by direct neutron activation route in research reactors. Overall, the review amply demonstrates the practicality of the medium specific activity 177Lu towards formulation of various clinically useful radiopharmaceuticals, especially for the benefit of millions of cancer patients in developing countries with limited reactor facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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9
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Kostelnik TI, Scheiber H, Cappai R, Choudhary N, Lindheimer F, Guadalupe Jaraquemada-Peláez MD, Orvig C. Phosphonate Chelators for Medicinal Metal Ions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5343-5361. [PMID: 33719399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A family of phosphonate-bearing chelators was synthesized to study their potential in metal-based (radio)pharmaceuticals. Three ligands (H6phospa, H6dipedpa, H6eppy; structures illustrated in manuscript) were fully characterized, including X-ray crystallographic structures of H6phospa and H6dipedpa. NMR spectroscopy techniques were used to confirm the complexation of each ligand with selected trivalent metal ions. These methods were particularly useful in discerning structural information for Sc3+ and La3+ complexes. Solution studies were conducted to evaluate the complex stability of 15 metal complexes. As a general trend, H6phospa was noted to form the most stable complexes, and H6eppy associated with the least stable complexes. Moreover, In3+ complexes were determined to be the most stable, and complexes with La3+ were the least stable, across all metals. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to calculate structures of H6phospa and H6dipedpa complexes with La3+ and Sc3+. A comparison of experimental 1H NMR spectra with calculated 1H NMR spectra using DFT-optimized structures was used as a method of structure validation. It was noted that theoretical NMR spectra were very sensitive to a number of variables, such as ligand configuration, protonation state, and the number/orientation of explicit water molecules. In general, the inclusion of an explicit second shell of water molecules qualitatively improved the agreement between theoretical and experimental NMR spectra versus a polarizable continuum solvent model alone. Formation constants were also calculated from DFT results using potential-energy optimized structures. Strong dependence of molecular free energies on explicit water molecule number, water molecule configuration, and protonation state was observed, highlighting the need for dynamic data in accurate first-principles calculations of metal-ligand stability constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Kostelnik
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hayden Scheiber
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z1 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rosita Cappai
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Neha Choudhary
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Felix Lindheimer
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - María de Guadalupe Jaraquemada-Peláez
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Wharton L, Kurakina E, Radchenko V, Schaffer P, Orvig C. Chemical Promiscuity of Non-Macrocyclic Multidentate Chelating Ligands for Radiometal Ions: H 4neunpa-NH 2 vs H 4noneunpa. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4076-4092. [PMID: 33635057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A comparative investigation of two structurally related potentially nonadentate chelating ligands, H4neunpa-NH2 and H4noneunpa, has been undertaken to examine the influence of bifunctionalization on their coordination chemistry and metal ion selectivity. Significantly improved synthetic routes for each compound have been developed, employing straightforward high-yielding strategies. Radiolabeling studies with [44Sc]Sc3+, [111In]In3+, [177Lu]Lu3+, and [225Ac]Ac3+ revealed a sharp contrast between the affinity of each chelator for large radiometal ions. H4noneunpa demonstrated highly effective coordination of [177Lu]Lu3+ and [225Ac]Ac3+ achieving quantitative radiochemical yields (>98%) at ligand concentrations of 10-6 M (room temperature (RT), 10 min), with excellent stability when challenged in human serum, while H4neunpa-NH2 was unable to complex either metal ion effectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to explore the coordination chemistry of each chelating ligand with nonradioactive metal ions, spanning a range of ionic radii and coordination numbers. A comprehensive conformational analysis of each metal complex was undertaken using density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explore the coordination geometries and explain the discrepancy in binding characteristics. Theoretical simulations revealed notable differences in the coordination geometry and apparent denticity of each ligand, which together account for the observed selectivity in metal binding and have important implications for the future design of complexes based upon this framework to target large radiometal ion coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Wharton
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Elena Kurakina
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation.,Department of High-Energy Chemistry and Radioecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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11
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Prado VS, Leitao RCF, Silva F, Gano L, Santos IC, Marques FLN, Paulo A, Deflon VM. Gallium and indium complexes with new hexadentate bis(semicarbazone) and bis(thiosemicarbazone) chelators. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1631-1640. [PMID: 33480908 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04028b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two new hexadentate potentially tetra-anionic acyclic chelators, an N2O4-donor bis(semicarbazone) (H4bsc) and an N2O2S2-donor bis(thiosemicarbazone) (H4btsc), is described. Coordination reactions of the ligands with gallium and indium precursors were investigated and yielded the complexes [Ga(Hbsc)] (1) and [In(Hbtsc)] (2), respectively. Ligands and complexes structures were confirmed by several techniques, including FTIR, NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC), ESI(+)-MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The radioactive congeners [67Ga(Hbsc)] (1*) and [111In(Hbtsc)] (2*) were also synthesized and their radiolabeling yield and radiochemical purity were certified by HPLC and ITLC analyses. Biodistribution assays in groups of CD-1 mice showed a high uptake of both radiocomplexes in liver and intestine where 1* presented higher retention. In vitro and in vivo assays revealed higher stability of 1* compared with 2*, namely in the blood. The results suggest that radiocomplex 1* is a candidate for further investigation as it could be prepared in high yields (>95%), at low temperature (20-25 °C) and at fast reaction time (15 min), which are very desirable synthesis conditions for potential new radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana S Prado
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renan C F Leitao
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Gano
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Isabel C Santos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Fabio L N Marques
- Laboratório de Medicina Nuclear (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-911 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Victor M Deflon
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Irie R, Miyahara M, Nakamura S, Honda A, Sakai R, Oikawa M. Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structure for Protoaculeine B, a Polycationic Marine Sponge Metabolite, with a Homogeneous Long-Chain Polyamine. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2769-2775. [PMID: 32869997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By establishing the procedures for sequential deprotections, reaction monitoring, purification, and handling, for the first time, we achieved the total synthesis of the proposed structure for protoaculeine B (2), which is a highly hydrophilic and polycationic amino acid. The NMR and mass spectra and chemical reactivity of the synthetic sample differed from those of natural protoaculeine B, which indicates the necessity for revision of the originally reported structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raku Irie
- Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Miyahara
- Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Akito Honda
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Masato Oikawa
- Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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13
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Nizou G, Favaretto C, Borgna F, Grundler PV, Saffon-Merceron N, Platas-Iglesias C, Fougère O, Rousseaux O, van der Meulen NP, Müller C, Beyler M, Tripier R. Expanding the Scope of Pyclen-Picolinate Lanthanide Chelates to Potential Theranostic Applications. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11736-11748. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwladys Nizou
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Chiara Favaretto
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Borgna
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Pascal V. Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Service commun Rayons X ICT-FR2599, Université Paul Sabatier, Bâtiment 2R1, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Olivier Fougère
- Guerbet group, Centre de Recherche d’Aulnay-sous-Bois, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy CdG, Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Rousseaux
- Guerbet group, Centre de Recherche d’Aulnay-sous-Bois, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy CdG, Cedex, France
| | - Nicholas P. van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maryline Beyler
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29200 Brest, France
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14
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Sarbisheh EK, Salih AK, Raheem SJ, Lewis JS, Price EW. A High-Denticity Chelator Based on Desferrioxamine for Enhanced Coordination of Zirconium-89. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11715-11727. [PMID: 32799484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a new high-denticity chelator based on the iron siderophore desferrioxamine (DFO). Our new chelator-DFO2-is acyclic and was designed and synthesized with the purpose of improving the coordination chemistry and radiolabeling performance with radioactive zirconium-89. The radionuclide zirconium-89 ([89Zr]Zr4+) has found wide use for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging when it is coupled with proteins, antibodies, and nanoparticles. DFO2 has a potential coordination number of 12, which uniquely positions this chelator for binding large, high-valent, and oxophilic metal ions. Following synthesis of the DFO2 chelator and the [natZr]Zr-(DFO2) complex we performed density functional theory calculations to study its coordination sphere, followed by zirconium-89 radiolabeling experiments for comparisons with the "gold standard" chelator DFO. DFO (CN 6) can coordinate with zirconium in a hexadentate fashion, leaving two open coordination sites where water is thought to coordinate (total CN 8). DFO2 (potential CN 12, dodecadentate) can saturate the coordination sphere of zirconium with four hydroxamate groups (CN 8), with no room left for water to directly coordinate, and only binds a single atom of zirconium per chelate. Following quantitative radiolabeling with zirconium-89, the preformed [89Zr]Zr-(DFO) and [89Zr]Zr-(DFO2) radiometal-chelate complexes were subjected to a battery of in vitro stability challenges, including human blood serum, apo-transferrin, serum albumin, iron, hydroxyapatite, and EDTA. One objective of these stability challenges was to determine if the increased denticity of DFO2 over that of DFO imparted improved complex stability, and another was to determine which of these assays is most relevant to perform with future chelators. In all of the assays DFO2 showed superior stability with zirconium-89, except for the iron challenge, where both DFO2 and DFO were identical. Substantial differences in stability were observed for human blood serum using a precipitation method of analysis, apo-transferrin, hydroxyapatite, and EDTA challenges. These results suggest that DFO2 is a promising next-generation scaffold for zirconium-89 chelators and holds promise for radiochemistry with even larger radionuclides, which we anticipate will expand the utility of DFO2 into theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Khozeimeh Sarbisheh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Akam K Salih
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Shvan J Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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15
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Li L, Kuo HT, Wang X, Merkens H, Colpo N, Radchenko V, Schaffer P, Lin KS, Bénard F, Orvig C. tBu 4octapa-alkyl-NHS for metalloradiopeptide preparation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7605-7619. [PMID: 32459231 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The peptide is an important class of biological targeting molecule; herein, a new bifunctional octadentate non-macrocyclic H4octapa, tBu4octapa-alkyl-NHS, which is compatible with solid-phase peptide synthesis and thus useful for radiopeptide preparation, has been synthesized. To preserve denticity, the alkyl-N-hydroxylsuccinimide linker was covalently attached to the methylene-carbon on one of the acetate arms, yielding a chiral carbon center. According to density-functional theory (DFT) calculations using [Lu(octapa-alkyl-benzyl-ester)]- as a simulation model, the chirality has minimal effects on the complex geometry; regardless of the S-/R-stereochemistry, DFT calculations revealed two possible geometric isomers, distorted bicapped trigonal antiprism (DBTA) and distorted square antiprism (DSA), due to the asymmetry in the chelator. To evaluate the biological behavior of the new bifunctionalization, two well-studied PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen)-targeting peptidomimetics of varying hydrophobicity were chosen as proof-of-principle targeting vector molecules. Radiolabeling both bioconjugates with lutetium-177 was highly efficient at room temperature in 15 min at micromolar chelator concentration pH = 7. Both the in vitro serum challenge and the lanthanum(iii) challenge studies revealed complex lability, and notably, progressive bone accumulation was only observed with the more hydrophobic linker (i.e. H4octapa-alkyl-PSMA617). This in vivo result informs potential alterations exerted by the linker on the complex geometry and stability, with an appropriate biological targeting vector adopted for such evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Li
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada. and Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Hsiou-Ting Kuo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nadine Colpo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada and Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6 T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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16
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Hu A, Keresztes I, MacMillan SN, Yang Y, Ding E, Zipfel WR, DiStasio RA, Babich JW, Wilson JJ. Oxyaapa: A Picolinate-Based Ligand with Five Oxygen Donors that Strongly Chelates Lanthanides. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5116-5132. [PMID: 32216281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coordination compounds of the lanthanide ions (Ln3+) have important applications in medicine due to their photophysical, magnetic, and nuclear properties. To effectively use the Ln3+ ions for these applications, chelators that stably bind them in vivo are required to prevent toxic side effects that arise from localization of these ions in off-target tissue. In this study, two new picolinate-containing chelators, a heptadentate ligand OxyMepa and a nonadentate ligand Oxyaapa, were prepared, and their coordination chemistries with Ln3+ ions were thoroughly investigated to evaluate their suitability for use in medicine. Protonation constants of these chelators and stability constants for their Ln3+ complexes were evaluated. Both ligands exhibit a thermodynamic preference for small Ln3+ ions. The log KLuL = 12.21 and 21.49 for OxyMepa and Oxyaapa, respectively, indicating that the nonadentate Oxyaapa forms complexes of significantly higher stability than the heptadentate OxyMepa. X-ray crystal structures of the Lu3+ complexes were obtained, revealing that Oxyaapa saturates the coordination sphere of Lu3+, whereas OxyMepa leaves an additional open coordination site for a bound water ligand. Solution structural studies carried out with NMR spectroscopy revealed the presence of two possible conformations for these ligands upon Ln3+ binding. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied to probe the geometries and energies of these conformations. Energy differences obtained by DFT are small but consistent with experimental data. The photophysical properties of the Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes were characterized, revealing modest photoluminescent quantum yields of <2%. Luminescence lifetime measurements were carried out in H2O and D2O, showing that the Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes of OxyMepa have two inner-sphere water ligands, whereas the Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes of Oxyaapa have zero. Lastly, variable-temperature 17O NMR spectroscopy was performed for the Gd-OxyMepa complex to determine its water exchange rate constant of kex298 = (2.8 ± 0.1) × 106 s-1. Collectively, this comprehensive characterization of these Ln3+ chelators provides valuable insight for their potential use in medicine and garners additional understanding of ligand design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ivan Keresztes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Erdong Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Warren R Zipfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Robert A DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - John W Babich
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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17
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High-throughput radio-TLC analysis. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 82-83:41-48. [PMID: 31891883 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radio thin layer chromatography (radio-TLC) is commonly used to analyze purity of radiopharmaceuticals or to determine the reaction conversion when optimizing radiosynthesis processes. In applications where there are few radioactive species, radio-TLC is preferred over radio-high-performance liquid chromatography due to its simplicity and relatively quick analysis time. However, with current radio-TLC methods, it remains cumbersome to analyze a large number of samples during reaction optimization. In a couple of studies, Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) has been used for reading radio-TLC plates spotted with a variety of isotopes. We show that this approach can be extended to develop a high-throughput approach for radio-TLC analysis of many samples. METHODS The high-throughput radio-TLC analysis was carried out by performing parallel development of multiple radioactive samples spotted on a single TLC plate, followed by simultaneous readout of the separated samples using Cerenkov imaging. Using custom-written MATLAB software, images were processed and regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn to enclose the radioactive regions/spots. For each sample, the proportion of integrated signal in each ROI was computed. Various crude samples of [18F]fallypride, [18F]FET and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 were prepared for demonstration of this new method. RESULTS Benefiting from a parallel developing process and high resolution of CLI-based readout, total analysis time for eight [18F]fallypride samples was 7.5 min (2.5 min for parallel developing, 5 min for parallel readout), which was significantly shorter than the 48 min needed using conventional approaches (24 min for sequential developing, 24 min for sequential readout on a radio-TLC scanner). The greater separation resolution of CLI enabled the discovery of a low-abundance side product from a crude [18F]FET sample that was not discernable using the radio-TLC scanner. Using the CLI-based readout method, we also observed that high labeling efficiency (99%) of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 can be achieved in just 10 min, rather than the typical 30 min timeframe used. CONCLUSIONS Cerenkov imaging in combination with parallel developing of multiple samples on a single TLC plate proved to be a practical method for rapid, high-throughput radio-TLC analysis.
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Buchwalder C, Jaraquemada-Peláez MDG, Rousseau J, Merkens H, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Orvig C, Bénard F, Schaffer P, Saatchi K, Häfeli UO. Evaluation of the Tetrakis(3-Hydroxy-4-Pyridinone) Ligand THPN with Zirconium(IV): Thermodynamic Solution Studies, Bifunctionalization, and in Vivo Assessment of Macromolecular 89Zr-THPN-Conjugates. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:14667-14681. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Buchwalder
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Julie Rousseau
- BC Cancer Agency, Department of Functional Imaging, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- BC Cancer Agency, Department of Functional Imaging, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- BC Cancer Agency, Department of Functional Imaging, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Urs O. Häfeli
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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19
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Egorova BV, Fedorova OA, Kalmykov SN. Cationic radionuclides and ligands for targeted therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the already used and potential α- and β-emitting cationic radionuclides for targeted radionuclide therapy. Recent results of laboratory, preclinical and clinical applications of these radionuclides are discussed. As opposed to β-emitters, which are already used in nuclear medicine, α-emitters involved in targeted radiopharmaceuticals were subjected to clinical trials only recently and were found to be therapeutically effective. The review summarizes recent trends in the development of ligands as components of radiopharmaceuticals addressing specific features of short-lived cationic radionuclides applied in medicine. Despite a steadily growing number of chelating ligands, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) remain the most widely used agents in nuclear medicine. The drawbacks of these compounds restrict the application of radionuclides in medicine. Variations in the macrocycle size, the introduction and modification of substituents can significantly improve the chelating ability of ligands, enhance stability of radionuclide complexes with these ligands and eliminate the influence of ligands on the affinity of biological targeting vectors.
The bibliography includes 189 references.
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21
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Brown CJM, Gotsbacher MP, Holland JP, Codd R. endo-Hydroxamic Acid Monomers for the Assembly of a Suite of Non-native Dimeric Macrocyclic Siderophores Using Metal-Templated Synthesis. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13591-13603. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. M. Brown
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael P. Gotsbacher
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason P. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Codd
- School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology), The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Abstract
Radiometals possess an exceptional breadth of decay properties and have been applied to medicine with great success for several decades. The majority of current clinical use involves diagnostic procedures, which use either positron-emission tomography (PET) or single-photon imaging to detect anatomic abnormalities that are difficult to visualize using conventional imaging techniques (e.g., MRI and X-ray). The potential of therapeutic radiometals has more recently been realized and relies on ionizing radiation to induce irreversible DNA damage, resulting in cell death. In both cases, radiopharmaceutical development has been largely geared toward the field of oncology; thus, selective tumor targeting is often essential for efficacious drug use. To this end, the rational design of four-component radiopharmaceuticals has become popularized. This Review introduces fundamental concepts of drug design and applications, with particular emphasis on bifunctional chelators (BFCs), which ensure secure consolidation of the radiometal and targeting vector and are integral for optimal drug performance. Also presented are detailed accounts of production, chelation chemistry, and biological use of selected main group and rare earth radiometals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Kostelnik
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
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23
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Comba P, Jermilova U, Orvig C, Patrick BO, Ramogida CF, Rück K, Schneider C, Starke M. Octadentate Picolinic Acid-Based Bispidine Ligand for Radiometal Ions. Chemistry 2017; 23:15945-15956. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Comba
- Universität Heidelberg; Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, INF 270, D-; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Una Jermilova
- Life Sciences Division; TRIUMF; 4004 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver V6T 2A3 British Columbia Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group; University of British Columbia; Department of Chemistry; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z1 British Columbia Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group; University of British Columbia; Department of Chemistry; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z1 British Columbia Canada
| | - Caterina F. Ramogida
- Life Sciences Division; TRIUMF; 4004 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver V6T 2A3 British Columbia Canada
| | - Katharina Rück
- Universität Heidelberg; Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, INF 270, D-; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christina Schneider
- Universität Heidelberg; Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, INF 270, D-; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Miriam Starke
- Universität Heidelberg; Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, INF 270, D-; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Spreckelmeyer S, Ramogida CF, Rousseau J, Arane K, Bratanovic I, Colpo N, Jermilova U, Dias GM, Dude I, Jaraquemada-Peláez MDG, Bénard F, Schaffer P, Orvig C. p-NO 2-Bn-H 4neunpa and H 4neunpa-Trastuzumab: Bifunctional Chelator for Radiometalpharmaceuticals and 111In Immuno-Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2145-2159. [PMID: 28683198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Potentially nonadentate (N5O4) bifunctional chelator p-SCN-Bn-H4neunpa and its immunoconjugate H4neunpa-trastuzumab for 111In radiolabeling are synthesized. The ability of p-SCN-Bn-H4neunpa and H4neunpa-trastuzumab to quantitatively radiolabel 111InCl3 at an ambient temperature within 15 or 30 min, respectively, is presented. Thermodynamic stability determination with In3+, Bi3+, and La3+ resulted in high conditional stability constant (pM) values. In vitro human serum stability assays have demonstrated both 111In complexes to have high stability over 5 days. Mouse biodistribution of [111In][In(p-NO2-Bn-neunpa)]-, compared to that of [111In][In(p-NH2-Bn-CHX-A″-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA))]2-, at 1, 4, and 24 h shows fast clearance of both complexes from the mice within 24 h. In a second mouse biodistribution study, the immunoconjugates 111In-neunpa-trastuzumab and 111In-CHX-A″-DTPA-trastuzumab demonstrate a similar distribution profile but with slightly lower tumor uptake of 111In-neunpa-trastuzumab compared to that of 111In-CHX-A″-DTPA-trastuzumab. These results were also confirmed by immuno-single photon emission computed tomography (immuno-SPECT) imaging in vivo. These initial investigations reveal the acyclic bifunctional chelator p-SCN-Bn-H4neunpa to be a promising chelator for 111In (and other radiometals) with high in vitro stability and also show H4neunpa-trastuzumab to be an excellent 111In chelator with promising biodistribution in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Spreckelmeyer
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF , 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Julie Rousseau
- BC Cancer Agency , 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Karen Arane
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ivica Bratanovic
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF , 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Nadine Colpo
- BC Cancer Agency , 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Una Jermilova
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF , 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Gemma M Dias
- BC Cancer Agency , 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Iulia Dude
- BC Cancer Agency , 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Maria de Guadalupe Jaraquemada-Peláez
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- BC Cancer Agency , 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF , 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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25
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26
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Liu M, Wang Y, Hu J. Effect of anions on the reaction of Mn(II) cation with a tetradentate nitrogen ligand: Syntheses, crystal structures and spectroscopic properties. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Jaraquemada-Peláez MDG, Wang X, Clough TJ, Cao Y, Choudhary N, Emler K, Patrick BO, Orvig C. H4octapa: synthesis, solution equilibria and complexes with useful radiopharmaceutical metal ions. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14647-14658. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02343j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
H4octapa is synthesized and complexed to nine metals of medicinal interest. Crystal structures of the ligand and its La complex were obtained. Solution equilibria for the ligand and several lanthanide complexes were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Thomas J. Clough
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Yang Cao
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Neha Choudhary
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Kirsten Emler
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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28
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A comparative evaluation of the chelators H4octapa and CHX-A″-DTPA with the therapeutic radiometal (90)Y. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:566-576. [PMID: 27419360 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the radiolabeling performance, stability, and practical efficacy of the chelators CHX-A″-DTPA and H4octapa with the therapeutic radiometal (90)Y. METHODS The bifunctional chelators p-SCN-Bn-H4octapa and p-SCN-Bn-CHX-A″-DTPA were conjugated to the HER2-targeting antibody trastuzumab. The resulting immunoconjugates were radiolabeled with (90)Y to compare radiolabeling efficiency, in vitro and in vivo stability, and in vivo performance in a murine model of ovarian cancer. RESULTS High radiochemical yields (>95%) were obtained with (90)Y-CHX-A″-DTPA-trastuzumab and (90)Y-octapa-trastuzumab after 15min at room temperature. Both (90)Y-CHX-A″-DTPA-trastuzumab and (90)Y-octapa-trastuzumab exhibited excellent in vitro and in vivo stability. Furthermore, the radioimmunoconjugates displayed high tumoral uptake values (42.3±4.0%ID/g for (90)Y-CHX-A″-DTPA-trastuzumab and 30.1±7.4%ID/g for (90)Y-octapa-trastuzumab at 72h post-injection) in mice bearing HER2-expressing SKOV3 ovarian cancer xenografts. Finally, (90)Y radioimmunotherapy studies performed in tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that (90)Y-CHX-A″-DTPA-trastuzumab and (90)Y-octapa-trastuzumab are equally effective therapeutic agents, as treatment with both radioimmunoconjugates yielded substantially decreased tumor growth compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Ultimately, this work demonstrates that the acyclic chelators CHX-A″-DTPA and H4octapa have comparable radiolabeling, stability, and in vivo performance, making them both suitable choices for applications requiring (90)Y.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Fryzuk
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Tircsó G, Regueiro-Figueroa M, Nagy V, Garda Z, Garai T, Kálmán FK, Esteban-Gómez D, Tóth É, Platas-Iglesias C. Approaching the Kinetic Inertness of Macrocyclic Gadolinium(III)-Based MRI Contrast Agents with Highly Rigid Open-Chain Derivatives. Chemistry 2016; 22:896-901. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Tircsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; 4010 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; CNRS; rue Charles Sadron 45071 Orléans, Cedex 2 France)
- Le Studium; Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies; 1 Rue Dupanloup 45000 Orléans France
| | - Martín Regueiro-Figueroa
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Universidade da Coruña; Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10 15008A Coruña Spain
| | - Viktória Nagy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; 4010 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary
| | - Zoltán Garda
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; 4010 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary
| | - Tamás Garai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; 4010 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary
| | - Ferenc Krisztián Kálmán
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; 4010 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Universidade da Coruña; Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10 15008A Coruña Spain
| | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; CNRS; rue Charles Sadron 45071 Orléans, Cedex 2 France)
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Universidade da Coruña; Campus da Zapateira, Rúa da Fraga 10 15008A Coruña Spain
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31
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Ramogida CF, Boros E, Patrick BO, Zeisler SK, Kumlin J, Adam MJ, Schaffer P, Orvig C. Evaluation of H2CHXdedpa, H2dedpa- and H2CHXdedpa-N,N′-propyl-2-NI ligands for 64Cu(ii) radiopharmaceuticals. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13082-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00932h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hexadentate acyclic chelate H2CHXdedpa and related N,N′-alkylated ligands are radiolabeled with radioactive 64Cu(ii) under mild conditions forming kinetically inert complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina F. Ramogida
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Eszter Boros
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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32
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Kálmán FK, Végh A, Regueiro-Figueroa M, Tóth É, Platas-Iglesias C, Tircsó G. H4octapa: highly stable complexation of lanthanide(III) ions and copper(II). Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2345-56. [PMID: 25692564 DOI: 10.1021/ic502966m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The acyclic ligand octapa(4-) (H4octapa = 6,6'-((ethane-1,2-diylbis((carboxymethyl)azanediyl))bis(methylene))dipicolinic acid) forms stable complexes with the Ln(3+) ions in aqueous solution. The stability constants determined for the complexes with La(3+), Gd(3+), and Lu(3+) using relaxometric methods are log KLaL = 20.13(7), log KGdL = 20.23(4), and log KLuL = 20.49(5) (I = 0.15 M NaCl). High stability constants were also determined for the complexes formed with divalent metal ions such as Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) (log KZnL = 18.91(3) and log KCuL = 22.08(2)). UV-visible and NMR spectroscopic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations point to hexadentate binding of the ligand to Zn(2+) and Cu(2+), the donor atoms of the acetate groups of the ligand remaining uncoordinated. The complexes formed with the Ln(3+) ions are nine-coordinated thanks to the octadentate binding of the ligand and the presence of a coordinated water molecule. The stability constants of the complexes formed with the Ln(3+) ions do not change significantly across the lanthanide series. A DFT investigation shows that this is the result of a subtle balance between the increased binding energies across the 4f period, which contribute to an increasing complex stability, and the parallel increase of the absolute values of the hydration free energies of the Ln(3+) ions. In the case of the [Ln(octapa)(H2O)](-) complexes the interaction between the amine nitrogen atoms of the ligand and the Ln(3+) ions is weakened along the lanthanide series, and therefore the increased electrostatic interaction does not overcome the increasing hydration energies. A detailed kinetic study of the dissociation of the [Gd(octapa)(H2O)](-) complex in the presence of Cu(2+) shows that the metal-assisted pathway is the main responsible for complex dissociation at pH 7.4 and physiological [Cu(2+)] concentration (1 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Krisztián Kálmán
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
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33
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Ramogida CF, Cawthray JF, Boros E, Ferreira CL, Patrick BO, Adam MJ, Orvig C. H2CHXdedpa and H4CHXoctapa—Chiral Acyclic Chelating Ligands for 67/68Ga and 111In Radiopharmaceuticals. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2017-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502942a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina F. Ramogida
- Medicinal Inorganic
Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Jacqueline F. Cawthray
- Medicinal Inorganic
Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Eszter Boros
- Medicinal Inorganic
Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Cara L. Ferreira
- Nordion, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Medicinal Inorganic
Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael J. Adam
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic
Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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