1
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Choroba K, Maroń A, Switlicka A, Szłapa-Kula A, Siwy M, Grzelak J, Maćkowski S, Pedzinski T, Schab-Balcerzak E, Machura B. Carbazole effect on ground- and excited-state properties of rhenium(i) carbonyl complexes with extended terpy-like ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3943-3958. [PMID: 33645614 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04340k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ground- and excited-state properties of three novel complexes [ReCl(CO)3(Ln-κ2N)] bearing 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, 2,6-di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine and 2,6-di(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridine functionalized with 9-carbazole attached to the central pyridine ring of the triimine core via phenylene linkage were investigated by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods and were simulated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT. To get a deeper and broader understanding of structure-property relationships, the designed Re(i) carbonyl complexes were compared with previously reported analogous systems - without any groups attached to the phenyl ring and bearing pyrrolidine instead of 9-carbazole. The results indicated that attachment of the N-carbazolyl substituent to the triimine core has less influence on the nature of the triplet excited state of [ReCl(CO)3(Ln-κ2N)] than the pyrrolidine group. Additionally, the impact of the ligand structural modifications on the light emission of the Re(i) complexes under external voltage was preliminarily examined with electroluminescence spectra of diodes containing the synthesized new molecules in an active layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Choroba
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna St., 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
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2
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McLay JRW, Sutton JJ, Shillito GE, Larsen CB, Huff GS, Lucas NT, Gordon KC. Transitioning from Intraligand π,π* to Charge-Transfer Excited States Using Thiophene-Based Donor-Acceptor Systems. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:130-139. [PMID: 33347759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of electron donor-acceptor compounds are reported in which both the donor and acceptor strengths are systematically altered using mono-, bi-, and terthiophene as donors and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (btd), dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz), and the corresponding rhenium(I) complex, [ReCl(CO)3(dppz)], as acceptors. The electronic properties of the compounds are characterized using electrochemistry, electronic absorbance and emission spectroscopies, and transient absorption spectroscopy. The effect of donor and acceptor strengths on frontier molecular orbital localization and on the charge-transfer (CT) character of optical transitions is modeled using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The electronic absorption spectra of the compounds investigated are dominated by intraligand charge-transfer (ILCT) transitions, where the CT character is shown to increase across the series from mono- to bi- to terthiophene but not significantly across the acceptor series. Emission is shown to originate from the absorbing state. Long-lived nonemissive states have been observed using transient absorption spectroscopy and assigned using triplet-state DFT calculations, which indicate that the lowest energy excited state has more thiophene-localized π,π* character with an increasing number of appended thiophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R W McLay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Joshua J Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Georgina E Shillito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Christopher B Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Gregory S Huff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Nigel T Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
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3
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Maroń AM, Szlapa-Kula A, Matussek M, Kruszynski R, Siwy M, Janeczek H, Grzelak J, Maćkowski S, Schab-Balcerzak E, Machura B. Photoluminescence enhancement of Re(i) carbonyl complexes bearing D-A and D-π-A ligands. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4441-4453. [PMID: 32181459 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04871e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three Re(i) carbonyl complexes [ReCl(CO)3(Ln)] bearing 2,2'-bipyridine, 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, and 1,10-phenanthroline functionalized with diphenylamine/or triphenylamine units (L1-L3) were synthesized to explore the impact of highly electron donating units appended to the imine ligand on the thermal and optoelectronic properties of Re(i) systems. Additionally, for comparison, the ligands L1-3 and parent complexes [ReCl(CO)3(bipy)], [ReCl(CO)3(phen)] and [ReCl(CO)3(terpy-κ2N)] were investigated. The thermal stability was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. The ground- and excited-state electronic properties of the Re(i) complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, absorption and emission spectroscopy, as well as using density-functional theory (DFT). The majority of the compounds form amorphous molecular materials with high glass transition temperatures above 100 °C. Compared to the unsubstituted complexes [ReCl(CO)3(bipy)], [ReCl(CO)3(phen)] and [ReCl(CO)3(terpy-κ2N)], the HOMO-LUMO gap of the corresponding Re(i) systems bearing modified imine ligands is reduced, and the decrease in the value of the ΔEH-L is mainly caused by the increase in HOMO energy level. In relation to the parent complexes, all designed Re(i) carbonyls were found to show enhanced photoluminescence, both in solution and in solid state. The investigated ligands and complexes were also preliminarily tested as luminophores in light emitting diodes with the structures ITO/PEDOT:PSS/compound/Al and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK:PBD:compound/Al. The pronounced effect of the ligand chemical structure on electroluminescence ability was clearly visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40006, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Agata Szlapa-Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40006, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Marek Matussek
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40006, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Rafal Kruszynski
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Justyna Grzelak
- Nanophotonics Group, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Nanophotonics Group, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40006, Katowice, Poland. and Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40006, Katowice, Poland.
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4
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Morawski O, Karpiuk J, Gawryś P, Sobolewski AL. Aggregation controlled photoluminescence of hexaazatri-naphthylene (HATN) – an experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15437-15447. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01289k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photophysics of hexaazatrinaphthylene (HATN) in solution and in the solid state is determined by the nπ* character of its lowest excited singlet state and by the ππ* character of the first triplet state, and changes upon aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Morawski
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Al. Lotników 32/46
- 02-668 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Jerzy Karpiuk
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Al. Lotników 32/46
- 02-668 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Paweł Gawryś
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Al. Lotników 32/46
- 02-668 Warsaw
- Poland
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5
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Klemens T, Świtlicka A, Szlapa-Kula A, Łapok Ł, Obłoza M, Siwy M, Szalkowski M, Maćkowski S, Libera M, Schab-Balcerzak E, Machura B. Tuning Optical Properties of Re(I) Carbonyl Complexes by Modifying Push–Pull Ligands Structure. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Klemens
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Świtlicka
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Szlapa-Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łapok
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Obłoza
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marcin Szalkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Marcin Libera
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
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6
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Klemens T, Świtlicka A, Szlapa-Kula A, Krompiec S, Lodowski P, Chrobok A, Godlewska M, Kotowicz S, Siwy M, Bednarczyk K, Libera M, Maćkowski S, Pędziński T, Schab-Balcerzak E, Machura B. Experimental and computational exploration of photophysical and electroluminescent properties of modified 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, 2,6-di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine and 2,6-di(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridine ligands and their Re(I) complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Klemens
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Anna Świtlicka
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Agata Szlapa-Kula
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Stanisław Krompiec
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Piotr Lodowski
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Anna Chrobok
- Faculty of Chemistry; Silesian University of Technology; 9 Strzody Str. 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Magdalena Godlewska
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52, PO Box 58 01-224 Warszawa Poland
| | - Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials; Polish Academy of Sciences; 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str. 41-819 Zabrze Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bednarczyk
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Marcin Libera
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University; 5 Grudziądzka Str. 87-100 Torun Poland
| | - Tomasz Pędziński
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; 89b Umultowska 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials; Polish Academy of Sciences; 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str. 41-819 Zabrze Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Silesia; 9 Szkolna Str. 40-006 Katowice Poland
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7
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Shillito GE, Hall TBJ, Preston D, Traber P, Wu L, Reynolds KEA, Horvath R, Sun XZ, Lucas NT, Crowley JD, George MW, Kupfer S, Gordon KC. Dramatic Alteration of 3ILCT Lifetimes Using Ancillary Ligands in [Re(L)(CO) 3(phen-TPA)] n+ Complexes: An Integrated Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study. J Am Chem Soc 2018. [PMID: 29537264 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ground and excited state photophysical properties of a series of fac-[Re(L)(CO)3(α-diimine)] n+ complexes, where L = Br-, Cl-, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (dmap) and pyridine (py) have been extensively studied utilizing numerous electronic and vibrational spectroscopic techniques in conjunction with a suite of quantum chemical methods. The α-diimine ligand consists of 1,10-phenanthroline with the highly electron donating triphenylamine (TPA) appended in the 5 position. This gives rise to intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) states lying lower in energy than the conventional metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state, the energies of which are red and blue-shifted, respectively, as the ancillary ligand, L becomes more electron withdrawing. The emitting state is 3ILCT in nature for all complexes studied, characterized through transient absorption and emission, transient resonance Raman (TR2), time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy and TDDFT calculations. Systematic modulation of the ancillary ligand causes unanticipated variation in the 3ILCT lifetime by 2 orders of magnitude, ranging from 6.0 μs for L = Br- to 27 ns for L = py, without altering the nature of the excited state formed or the relative order of the other CT states present. Temperature dependent lifetime measurements and quantum chemical calculations provide no clear indication of close lying deactivating states, MO switching, contributions from a halide-to-ligand charge transfer (XLCT) state or dramatic changes in spin-orbit coupling. It appears that the influence of the ancillary ligand on the excited state lifetime could be explained in terms of energy gap law, in which there is a correlation between ln( knr) and Eem with a slope of -21.4 eV-1 for the 3ILCT emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E Shillito
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Thomas B J Hall
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Philipp Traber
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Lingjun Wu
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | | | - Raphael Horvath
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Xue Z Sun
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Nigel T Lucas
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Michael W George
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Nottingham Ningbo China , 199 Taikang East Road , Ningbo 315100 , China
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
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8
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He M, Ching HYV, Policar C, Bertrand HC. Rhenium tricarbonyl complexes with arenethiolate axial ligands. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01960f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyta and Tapy-based [Re(N^N)(CO)3X] complexes with para-substituted benzenethiolates as axial ligand are reported along with their electrochemical and photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglan He
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- École normale supérieure
- PSL University
| | - H. Y. Vincent Ching
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- École normale supérieure
- PSL University
| | - Clotilde Policar
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- École normale supérieure
- PSL University
| | - Helene C. Bertrand
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- École normale supérieure
- PSL University
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9
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Larsen CB, Barnsley JE, van der Salm H, Fraser MG, Lucas NT, Gordon KC. Synthesis and Optical Properties of Unsymmetrically Substituted Triarylamine Hexaazatrinaphthalenes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Otago; Union Place West 9016 Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Jonathan E. Barnsley
- Department of Chemistry; University of Otago; Union Place West 9016 Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Holly van der Salm
- Department of Chemistry; University of Otago; Union Place West 9016 Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Michael G. Fraser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Otago; Union Place West 9016 Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Nigel T. Lucas
- Department of Chemistry; University of Otago; Union Place West 9016 Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry; University of Otago; Union Place West 9016 Dunedin New Zealand
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10
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Huff GS, Lo WKC, Horvath R, Turner JO, Sun XZ, Weal GR, Davidson HJ, Kennedy ADW, McAdam CJ, Crowley JD, George MW, Gordon KC. Excited States of Triphenylamine-Substituted 2-Pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:12238-12253. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Huff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Warrick K. C. Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Raphael Horvath
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jack O. Turner
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Geoffrey R. Weal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | | | - C. John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael W. George
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Department of Chemical and Environmental
Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East
Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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11
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Shillito GE, Larsen CB, McLay JRW, Lucas NT, Gordon KC. Effect of Bridge Alteration on Ground- and Excited-State Properties of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Electron-Donor-Substituted Dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11170-11184. [PMID: 27723325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of Ru(II) 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) complexes with an electron-accepting dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz) ligand coupled to an electron-donating triarylamine (TAA) group have been investigated. Systematic alteration of a bridging unit between the dppz and TAA allowed exploration into how communication between the donor and acceptor is perturbed by distance, as well as by steric and electronic effects. The effect of the bridging group on the electronic properties of the systems was characterized using a variety of spectroscopic methods, including Fourier transform-Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy, and transient resonance Raman (TR2) spectroscopy. These methods were used in conjunction with ground- and excited-state absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical studies, and DFT calculations. The ground-state electronic absorption spectra show distinct variation with the bridging group, with the wavelength observed for the lowest energy electronic transition ranging from 449 nm to 522 nm, accompanied by large changes in the molar absorptivity. The lowest-energy Franck-Condon state was determined to be intra-ligand charge transfer (ILCT) in nature for most compounds. The presence of higher-energy metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) Ru(II) → bpy and Ru(II) → dppz transitions was also confirmed via resonance Raman spectroscopy. The TR2 spectra showed characteristic dppz• - and TAA• + vibrations, indicating that the THEXI state formed was also ILCT in nature. Excited-state lifetime measurements reveal that the rate of decay is in accordance with the energy gap law and is not otherwise affected by the nature of the bridging unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E Shillito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christopher B Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - James R W McLay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nigel T Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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12
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Horvath R, Huff GS, Gordon KC, George MW. Probing the excited state nature of coordination complexes with blended organic and inorganic chromophores using vibrational spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Larsen CB, van der Salm H, Shillito GE, Lucas NT, Gordon KC. Tuning the Rainbow: Systematic Modulation of Donor–Acceptor Systems through Donor Substituents and Solvent. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8446-58. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Holly van der Salm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Nigel T. Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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14
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Greetham GM, Donaldson PM, Nation C, Sazanovich IV, Clark IP, Shaw DJ, Parker AW, Towrie M. A 100 kHz Time-Resolved Multiple-Probe Femtosecond to Second Infrared Absorption Spectrometer. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:645-653. [PMID: 26887988 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816631302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a dual-amplifier laser system for time-resolved multiple-probe infrared (IR) spectroscopy based on the ytterbium potassium gadolinium tungstate (Yb:KGW) laser medium. Comparisons are made between the ytterbium-based technology and titanium sapphire laser systems for time-resolved IR spectroscopy measurements. The 100 kHz probing system provides new capability in time-resolved multiple-probe experiments, as more information is obtained from samples in a single experiment through multiple-probing. This method uses the high repetition-rate probe pulses to repeatedly measure spectra at 10 µs intervals following excitation allowing extended timescales to be measured routinely along with ultrafast data. Results are presented showing the measurement of molecular dynamics over >10 orders of magnitude in timescale, out to 20 ms, with an experimental time response of <200 fs. The power of multiple-probing is explored through principal component analysis of repeating probe measurements as a novel method for removing noise and measurement artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Paul M Donaldson
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Charlie Nation
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Ian P Clark
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Daniel J Shaw
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anthony W Parker
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
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15
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Elliott ABS, Lewis JEM, van der Salm H, McAdam CJ, Crowley JD, Gordon KC. Luminescent Cages: Pendant Emissive Units on [Pd2L4]4+ “Click” Cages. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3440-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago,
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Holly van der Salm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago,
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - C. John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago,
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago,
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago,
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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16
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Horvath R, Fraser MG, Clark CA, Sun XZ, George MW, Gordon KC. Nature of Excited States of Ruthenium-Based Solar Cell Dyes in Solution: A Comprehensive Spectroscopic Study. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:11697-708. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Horvath
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G. Fraser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte A. Clark
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. George
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Talking East Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
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