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Zhong K, Li Y, Hu X, Li Y, Tang L, Sun X, Li X, Zhang J, Meng Y, Ma R, Wang S, Li J. A colorimetric and NIR fluorescent probe for ultrafast detecting bisulfite and organic amines and its applications in food, imaging, and monitoring fish freshness. Food Chem 2024; 438:137987. [PMID: 37995584 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, for the first time, we have successfully constructed a novel near-infrared (NIR) emission fluorescent probe Dpyt for ultrafast detecting (within 5 s) bisulfate and organic amines based on a 1,2-dihydrocyclopenta[b]chromene-barbiturate conjugation system. Upon addition of bisulfate or organic amines, Dpyt displayed a distinct color change from blue to colorless or from purple to blue, respectively, suggesting that the Dpyt can be used to detect two analytes by the naked eye. Based on quantum chemistry calculations, the fluorescence quenching of Dpyt after the addition of HSO3- is caused by the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process of the adduct Dpyt-HSO3-. The fluorescence enhancement of Dpyt caused by most organic amines is due to the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process of deprotonated Dpyt. Notably, Dpyt can be applied for detecting HSO3- in actual food samples such as red wine and sugar, as well as for imaging of HSO3- and representative propylamine in living cells. And more importantly, indicator labels constructed by filter paper loaded with Dpyt can visually monitor the freshness of salmon in real-time by daylight and fluorescence dual-mode. The comparison with national standard method of China manifests that indicator labels are a valid tool to assess the freshness of seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Jinzhou 121013, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Jinzhou 121013, China; Institute of Ocean, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Jinzhou 121013, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Jinzhou 121013, China; Institute of Ocean, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Jinzhou 121013, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Jinzhou 121013, China; Institute of Ocean, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Jinzhou 121013, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Jinzhou 121013, China; Institute of Ocean, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Lijun Tang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Jinzhou 121013, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Jinzhou 121013, China; Institute of Ocean, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China.
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Jinzhou 121013, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Jinzhou 121013, China; Institute of Ocean, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Xuepeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Jinzhou 121013, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Jinzhou 121013, China; Institute of Ocean, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuqiong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Shulin Wang
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Jinzhou 121013, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Jinzhou 121013, China; Institute of Ocean, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
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Kleiman K, Yalniz C, Woodard S. Ultrafast MR imaging findings of 2 different subtypes in a male patient with bilateral breast cancer. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:1366-1370. [PMID: 38288048 PMCID: PMC10823031 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Bilateral breast cancer in males is an exceedingly rare diagnosis. In this case report, we will discuss the ultrafast sequence findings of a bilateral male breast cancer with different subtypes on his staging dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI with ultrafast technique. A 94-year-old male presented with bilateral palpable complaints in his breasts. Diagnostic mammography and ultrasound images demonstrated bilateral irregular masses with nipple retraction. Biopsies were performed and the histopathologic examination revealed invasive breast carcinoma of no special type in 1 breast and invasive micropapillary carcinoma in the other breast. Staging MRI with ultrafast sequence showed significant enhancement differences between 2 different subtypes, correlating with the different levels of tumor aggressiveness. Different ultrafast metrics, such as time-to-enhancement and maximum slope, may help to differentiate between several subtypes of breast cancer and serve as prognostic indicators. This case report discusses the application of ultrafast sequence in predicting breast cancer subtypes in a male patient with bilateral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Kleiman
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Carolinas Campus, 350 Howard St, Spartanburg, SC 29303, USA
| | - Ceren Yalniz
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Stefanie Woodard
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
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Amitai Y, Freitas VAR, Golan O, Kessner R, Shalmon T, Neeman R, Mauda-Havakuk M, Mercer D, Sklair-Levy M, Menes TS. The diagnostic performance of ultrafast MRI to differentiate benign from malignant breast lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10690-y. [PMID: 38512492 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the diagnostic performance of ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (UF-DCE MRI) in differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted until September 1, 2023, in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Clinical studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of UF-DCE MRI in breast lesion stratification were screened and included in the meta-analysis. Pooled summary estimates for sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and hierarchic summary operating characteristics (SROC) curves were pooled under the random-effects model. Publication bias and heterogeneity between studies were calculated. RESULTS A final set of 16 studies analyzing 2090 lesions met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into the meta-analysis. Using UF-DCE MRI kinetic parameters, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR, and area under the curve (AUC) for differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions were 83% (95% CI 79-88%), 77% (95% CI 72-83%), 18.9 (95% CI 13.7-26.2), and 0.876 (95% CI 0.83-0.887), respectively. We found no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between the two main UF-DCE MRI kinetic parameters, maximum slope (MS) and time to enhancement (TTE). DOR and SROC exhibited low heterogeneity across the included studies. No evidence of publication bias was identified (p = 0.585). CONCLUSIONS UF-DCE MRI as a stand-alone technique has high accuracy in discriminating benign from malignant breast lesions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT UF-DCE MRI has the potential to obtain kinetic information and stratify breast lesions accurately while decreasing scan times, which may offer significant benefit to patients. KEY POINTS • Ultrafast breast MRI is a novel technique which captures kinetic information with very high temporal resolution. • The kinetic parameters of ultrafast breast MRI demonstrate a high level of accuracy in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions. • There is no significant difference in accuracy between maximum slope and time to enhancement kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Amitai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, 6423906, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
| | - Vivianne A R Freitas
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging - University Health Network, Sinai Health System, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue - M5G 2M9, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Orit Golan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, 6423906, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Rivka Kessner
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, 6423906, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Tamar Shalmon
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, 6423906, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Rina Neeman
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, 6423906, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Michal Mauda-Havakuk
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, 6423906, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Diego Mercer
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, 6423906, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Miri Sklair-Levy
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sackler School of Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Derech Shiba 2, 52621, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Tehillah S Menes
- Department of Surgery, Sackler School of Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Derech Shiba 2, 52621, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Zhou X, Fu Y, Dong S, Li L, Xue S, Chen R, Huang G, Liu J, Shi K. Intelligent ultrafast total-body PET for sedation-free pediatric [ 18F]FDG imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06649-2. [PMID: 38383744 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to develop deep learning techniques on total-body PET to bolster the feasibility of sedation-free pediatric PET imaging. METHODS A deformable 3D U-Net was developed based on 245 adult subjects with standard total-body PET imaging for the quality enhancement of simulated rapid imaging. The developed method was first tested on 16 children receiving total-body [18F]FDG PET scans with standard 300-s acquisition time with sedation. Sixteen rapid scans (acquisition time about 3 s, 6 s, 15 s, 30 s, and 75 s) were retrospectively simulated by selecting the reconstruction time window. In the end, the developed methodology was prospectively tested on five children without sedation to prove the routine feasibility. RESULTS The approach significantly improved the subjective image quality and lesion conspicuity in abdominal and pelvic regions of the generated 6-s data. In the first test set, the proposed method enhanced the objective image quality metrics of 6-s data, such as PSNR (from 29.13 to 37.09, p < 0.01) and SSIM (from 0.906 to 0.921, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the errors of mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) for lesions between 300-s data and 6-s data were reduced from 12.9 to 4.1% (p < 0.01), and the errors of max SUV (SUVmax) were reduced from 17.4 to 6.2% (p < 0.01). In the prospective test, radiologists reached a high degree of consistency on the clinical feasibility of the enhanced PET images. CONCLUSION The proposed method can effectively enhance the image quality of total-body PET scanning with ultrafast acquisition time, leading to meeting clinical diagnostic requirements of lesion detectability and quantification in abdominal and pelvic regions. It has much potential to solve the dilemma of the use of sedation and long acquisition time that influence the health of pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shunjie Dong
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lianghua Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruohua Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kuangyu Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Tachizaki T, Baumberg JJ, Matsuda O, Tomoda M, Ogi H, Wright OB. Spectral analysis of amplitude and phase echoes in picosecond ultrasonics for strain pulse shape determination. Photoacoustics 2023; 34:100566. [PMID: 38027527 PMCID: PMC10651667 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a spectral analysis method in picosecond ultrasonics to derive strain pulse shapes in a opaque sample with known optical properties. The method makes use of both the amplitude and phase of optical transient relative reflectance changes obtained, for example, by interferometry. We demonstrate this method through numerical simulation and by analysis of experimental results for a chromium film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Tachizaki
- School of Information Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Osamu Matsuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Motonobu Tomoda
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ogi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Oliver B. Wright
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
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Li X, Yan M, Xiao J, Lian H. Ultrafast fabrication of deep eutectic solvent flexible ionic gel with high-transmittance, freeze-resistant and conductivity by frontal polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1382-1392. [PMID: 37480653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
As a common flexible sensing device, gels are widely used in electronic skin, personalized health monitoring, and smart manufacturing. However, gel suffers from temperature sensitivity, long polymerization times or thickness limitations. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have abundant hydrogen bond networks and low saturated vapor pressure, which can accelerate the frontal polymerization of ionic gels, and overcome the temperature sensitivity problem. Here, we showed how choline chloride (ChCl)-glycerol (Gly) DES can be used to create ionic gels with different properties and functions by combining them with different monomers (acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) and itaconic acid (IA)). Subsequently, we revealed the rapid gelation mechanism of PAM-ChCl-Gly ionic gel from multiple perspectives by density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation, which was then applied to flexible sensing. The experimental results showed that the PAM-ChCl-Gly ionic gel had excellent tensile properties, high transparency, self-adhesion and stability. In addition, its gelation time was only 90 s without heating. ChCl-Gly DES offered a plentiful and stable hydrogen bonding network. PAM-ChCl-Gly ionic gels can detect tiny pressure and strain changes, making them suitable for flexible sensing. This greatly enriched the theoretical research foundation of DES-based ionic gels and broadened their application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Mingkai Yan
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Hailan Lian
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
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Özçobanoğlu S, Gündüz E, Tekerek NÜ. Comparison of ultrafast and fast track extubation after secundum atrial septal defect surgery in pediatric age group. Acta Chir Belg 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37937527 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2023.2281097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACGROUND Patients who underwent ultrafast track on the operating table and fast track extubation in the pediatric intensive care unit for 2 to 6 h after secundum atrial septal defect surgery in the pediatric age group were compared. METHODS Between January 2013 and February 2017, 60 pediatric patients (24 boys, 36 girls; Mean age 7.5 ± 4.6 years) whose secundum atrial defect was closed were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were separated as those who were extubated on the operating table (Group1,n = 28) and those extubated in the pediatric intensive care unit within 2-6 h postoperatively (Group2,n = 32). RESULTS No difference was found in demographic data and preoperative catheter information between the groups. Cardiopulmonary bypass time was 20(18-25)/27.5(20-30)minutes (p:0.001), the cross-clamp time was 10(10-15)/15(11-20)minutes(p:0.004), the postoperative drainage amount was 50(25-50)/60(32.5-100)ml(p:0.013), the length of stay in the intensive care unit was 1(1--1)/1(1-2)day(p:0.025), the length of stay after intensive care was 3(2-3)/3(3-4)days(p:0.001) and the total hospital stay was 4(3-4)/5(4-5.5) days (p < 0.001), which were respectively shorter for the group 1 compared to 2. Postoperative blood product replacement, positive inotrope support, pericardial effusion, mortality, and morbidity were not detected in either groups. CONCLUSION In this study, it was observed that the UFT extubation was safe for the patients who were operated for secundum ASD, in the pediatric age group, and had a cross-clamp time not exceeding 15 min. It was found that the amount of drainage, length of stay in the intensive care unit, post-intensive care unit, and the total hospital stay of patients extubated on the operating table were shorter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Özçobanoğlu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Emel Gündüz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Nissan N, Anaby D, Mahameed G, Bauer E, Moss Massasa EE, Menes T, Agassi R, Brodsky A, Grimm R, Nickel MD, Roccia E, Sklair-Levy M. Ultrafast DCE-MRI for discriminating pregnancy-associated breast cancer lesions from lactation related background parenchymal enhancement. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:8122-8131. [PMID: 37278853 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the utility of ultrafast dynamic-contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI in visualization and quantitative characterization of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) and its differentiation from background-parenchymal-enhancement (BPE) among lactating patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine lactating participants, including 10 PABC patients and 19 healthy controls, were scanned on 3-T MRI using a conventional DCE protocol interleaved with a golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) ultrafast sequence for the initial phase. The timing of the visualization of PABC lesions was compared to lactational BPE. Contrast-noise ratio (CNR) was compared between the ultrafast and conventional DCE sequences. The differences in each group's ultrafast-derived kinetic parameters including maximal slope (MS), time to enhancement (TTE), and area under the curve (AUC) were statistically examined using the Mann-Whitney test and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS On ultrafast MRI, breast cancer lesions enhanced earlier than BPE (p < 0.0001), enabling breast cancer visualization freed from lactation BPE. A higher CNR was found for ultrafast acquisitions vs. conventional DCE (p < 0.05). Significant differences in AUC, MS, and TTE values were found between the tumor and BPE (p < 0.05), with ROC-derived AUC of 0.86 ± 0.06, 0.82 ± 0.07, and 0.68 ± 0.08, respectively. The BPE grades of the lactating PABC patients were reduced as compared with the healthy lactating controls (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION Ultrafast DCE MRI allows BPE-free visualization of lesions, improved tumor conspicuity, and kinetic quantification of breast cancer during lactation. Implementation of this method may assist in the utilization of breast MRI for lactating patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The ultrafast sequence appears to be superior to conventional DCE MRI in the challenging evaluation of the lactating breast. Thus, supporting its possible utilization in the setting of high-risk screening during lactation and the diagnostic workup of PABC. KEY POINTS • Differences in the enhancement slope of cancer relative to BPE allowed the optimal visualization of PABC lesions on mid-acquisitions of ultrafast DCE, in which the tumor enhanced prior to the background parenchyma. • The conspicuity of PABC lesions on top of the lactation-related BPE was increased using an ultrafast sequence as compared with conventional DCE MRI. • Ultrafast-derived maps provided further characterization and parametric contrast between PABC lesions and lactation-related BPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Nissan
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Emek Ha-Ella 1 St. Tel Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Debbie Anaby
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Emek Ha-Ella 1 St. Tel Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gazal Mahameed
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Emek Ha-Ella 1 St. Tel Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ethan Bauer
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efi Efraim Moss Massasa
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Emek Ha-Ella 1 St. Tel Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tehillah Menes
- Department of General Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ravit Agassi
- Department of General Surgery, Soroka Medical Center, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Asia Brodsky
- Department of General Surgery, Bnei Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Robert Grimm
- MR Application Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Elisa Roccia
- MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miri Sklair-Levy
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Emek Ha-Ella 1 St. Tel Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Flannigan DJ, VandenBussche EJ. Pulsed-beam transmission electron microscopy and radiation damage. Micron 2023; 172:103501. [PMID: 37390662 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
We review the use of pulsed electron-beams in transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) for the purpose of mitigating specimen damage. We begin by placing the importance of TEMs with respect to materials characterization into proper context, and we provide a brief overview of established methods for reducing or eliminating the deleterious effects of beam-induced damage. We then introduce the concept of pulsed-beam TEM, and we briefly describe the basic methods and instrument configurations used to create so-called temporally structured electron beams. Following a brief overview of the use of high-dose-rate pulsed-electron beams in cancer radiation therapy, we review historical speculations and more recent compelling but mostly anecdotal findings of a pulsed-beam TEM damage effect. This is followed by an in-depth technical review of recent works seeking to establish cause-and-effect relationships, to conclusively uncover the presence of an effect, and to explore the practicality of the approach. These studies, in particular, provide the most compelling evidence to date that using a pulsed electron beam in the TEM is indeed a viable way to mitigate damage. Throughout, we point out current gaps in understanding, and we conclude with a brief perspective of current needs and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Flannigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Minnesota Institute for Ultrafast Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Elisah J VandenBussche
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Minnesota Institute for Ultrafast Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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10
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Sun FX, Fang Y, He Q, Liu Y. Generating optical cat states via quantum interference of multi-path free-electron-photons interactions. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023:S2095-9273(23)00376-6. [PMID: 37353435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The novel quantum effects induced by the free-electron-photons interaction have attracted increasing interest due to their potential applications in ultrafast quantum information processing. Here, we propose a scheme to generate optical cat states based on the quantum interference of multi-path free-electron-photons interactions that take place simultaneously with strong coupling strength. By performing a projection measurement on the electron, the state of light changes significantly from a coherent state into a non-Gaussian state with either Wigner negativity or squeezing property, both possess metrological power to achieve quantum advantage. More importantly, we show that the Wigner negativity oscillates with the coupling strength, and the optical cat states are successfully generated with high fidelity at all the oscillation peaks. This oscillation reveals the quantum interference effect of the multiple quantum pathways in the interaction of the electron with photons, by that various nonclassical states of light are promising to be fast prepared and manipulated. These findings inspire further exploration of emergent quantum phenomena and advanced quantum technologies with free electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yiqi Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiongyi He
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, China; Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Yunquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, China; Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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van den Hooven TJ, Planken PC. Surface-plasmon-enhanced strain-wave-induced optical diffraction changes from a segmented grating. Photoacoustics 2023; 31:100497. [PMID: 37214428 PMCID: PMC10196710 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on surface-plasmon-polariton-enhanced (SPP-enhanced), strain-wave-induced reflection and diffraction changes on a Au-covered, segmented grating. The segmented grating has a 6020 nm period, and its lines are segmented into 7 periods of a 430 nm period grating, which allows the excitation of SPPs. This grating has three SPP resonances at different optical wavelengths, for the same incident angle. Pump-pulse-induced strain waves are probed by measuring reflection and diffraction of a tunable probe pulse in a wavelength range that includes all three SPP resonances. Surface Acoustic Waves (SAWs) and Longitudinal Waves (LWs) are identified. When probing close to SPP resonances, the reflection changes from SAWs and LWs are strongly enhanced by factors of 23 and 36, respectively, compared with reflection changes observed when probing at off-resonance wavelengths. The relative SAW- and LW-induced diffraction changes are larger by additional factors of up to 3.3 and 2.6, respectively, compared to the reflection changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. van den Hooven
- Corresponding author at: Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Tomoda M, Kubota A, Matsuda O, Sugawara Y, Wright OB. Time-domain Brillouin imaging of sound velocity and refractive index using automated angle scanning. Photoacoustics 2023; 31:100486. [PMID: 37113270 PMCID: PMC10126909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a picosecond optoacoustic technique for mapping both the longitudinal sound velocity v and the refractive index n in solids by automated measurement at multiple probe incidence angles in time-domain Brillouin scattering. Using a fused silica sample with a deposited titanium film as an optoacoustic transducer, we map v and n in the depth direction. Applications include the imaging of sound velocity and refractive index distributions in three dimensions in inhomogeneous samples such as biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonobu Tomoda
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kubota
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sugawara
- Analysis Technology Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kanagawa 250-0193, Japan
| | - Oliver B. Wright
- Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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13
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Patek SN. Latch-mediated spring actuation (LaMSA): the power of integrated biomechanical systems. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:306259. [PMID: 37021687 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Across the tree of life - from fungi to frogs - organisms wield small amounts of energy to generate fast and potent movements. These movements are propelled with elastic structures, and their loading and release are mediated by latch-like opposing forces. They comprise a class of elastic mechanisms termed latch-mediated spring actuation (LaMSA). Energy flow through LaMSA begins when an energy source loads elastic element(s) in the form of elastic potential energy. Opposing forces, often termed latches, prevent movement during loading of elastic potential energy. As the opposing forces are shifted, reduced or removed, elastic potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy of the spring and propelled mass. Removal of the opposing forces can occur instantaneously or throughout the movement, resulting in dramatically different outcomes for consistency and control of the movement. Structures used for storing elastic potential energy are often distinct from mechanisms that propel the mass: elastic potential energy is often distributed across surfaces and then transformed into localized mechanisms for propulsion. Organisms have evolved cascading springs and opposing forces not only to serially reduce the duration of energy release, but often to localize the most energy-dense events outside of the body to sustain use without self-destruction. Principles of energy flow and control in LaMSA biomechanical systems are emerging at a rapid pace. New discoveries are catalyzing remarkable growth of the historic field of elastic mechanisms through experimental biomechanics, synthesis of novel materials and structures, and high-performance robotics systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Patek
- Biology Department, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27514, USA
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14
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Yamaguchi K, Nakazono T, Egashira R, Fukui S, Baba K, Hamamoto T, Aishima S, Maruyama K, Nickel D, Irie H. Time to enhancement of breast lesions and normal breast parenchyma in light of menopausal status and menstrual cycle for ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI using compressed sensing. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 96:102-107. [PMID: 36375761 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the dependency of the Time to enhancement (TTE) of breast lesions and normal breast parenchyma from menopausal status and menstrual cycle using ultrafast compressed sensing (CS) -accelerated dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. METHODS This institutional review board approved retrospective study included 89 breast cancers, 22 benign lesions and 131 normal breast parenchymal foci. A prototypical ultrafast DCE sequence obtained 30 phases with 2.9 s temporal resolution. Mean and median TTE of all breast cancers, benign lesions and normal breast parenchymal foci were assessed. we also assessed whether there were any differences in TTE regarding the menopausal status and menstrual cycle. RESULTS The TTE of breast cancer was significantly shorter than that of benign lesions and normal breast parenchymal foci in both the premenopausal status (5.8 vs. 8.7 and 8.7 s, respectively) (p = 0.0028 and < 0.0001, respectively) and postmenopausal status (5.8 vs. 11.6 and 11.6 s, respectively) (p < 0.0001 in both). The TTE of parenchymal foci in the premenopausal status was significantly shorter than that in the postmenopausal status (p = 0.0025). Although the TTE interval between cancer and parenchymal foci in premenopausal status is shorter than that in postmenopausal status, the AUCs in the pre- and postmenopausal status for differentiating breast cancer and parenchymal foci were comparable with using different cutoff TTE values. There were no differences in TTE regarding the menstrual cycle. CONCLUSIONS The TTE derived from ultrafast CS-accelerated DCE MRI was useful to differentiate breast cancer from benign lesions and normal breast parenchymal foci in both pre- and postmenopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Nakazono
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Egashira
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Fukui
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Baba
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | | | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Maruyama
- MR Research & Collaboration department, Siemens Healthcare K.K., Gate City Osaki West Tower, 1-11-1 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-8644, Japan.
| | - Dominik Nickel
- MR Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Allee am Roethelheimpark 2, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hiroyuki Irie
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
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15
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Lhoste C, Lorandel B, Praud C, Marchand A, Mishra R, Dey A, Bernard A, Dumez JN, Giraudeau P. Ultrafast 2D NMR for the analysis of complex mixtures. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc 2022; 130-131:1-46. [PMID: 36113916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2D NMR is extensively used in many different fields, and its potential for the study of complex biochemical or chemical mixtures has been widely demonstrated. 2D NMR gives the ability to resolve peaks that overlap in 1D spectra, while providing both structural and quantitative information. However, complex mixtures are often analysed in situations where the data acquisition time is a crucial limitation, due to an ongoing chemical reaction or a moving sample from a hyphenated technique, or to the high-throughput requirement associated with large sample collections. Among the great diversity of available fast 2D methods, ultrafast (or single-scan) 2D NMR is probably the most general and versatile approach for complex mixture analysis. Indeed, ultrafast NMR has undergone an impressive number of methodological developments that have helped turn it into an efficient analytical tool, and numerous applications to the analysis of mixtures have been reported. This review first summarizes the main concepts, features and practical limitations of ultrafast 2D NMR, as well as the methodological developments that improved its analytical potential. Then, a detailed description of the main applications of ultrafast 2D NMR to mixture analysis is given. The two major application fields of ultrafast 2D NMR are first covered, i.e., reaction/process monitoring and metabolomics. Then, the potential of ultrafast 2D NMR for the analysis of hyperpolarized mixtures is described, as well as recent developments in oriented media. This review focuses on high-resolution liquid-state 2D experiments (including benchtop NMR) that include at least one spectroscopic dimension (i.e., 2D spectroscopy and DOSY) but does not cover in depth applications without spectral resolution and/or in inhomogeneous fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lhoste
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France
| | | | - Clément Praud
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Achille Marchand
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Rituraj Mishra
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Arnab Dey
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Aurélie Bernard
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France
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16
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Zhang Y, Hu P, He Y, Yu H, Tan H, Liu G, Gu J, Shi H. Ultrafast 30-s total-body PET/CT scan: a preliminary study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2504-2513. [PMID: 35578037 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to explore the diagnostic value of the images obtained in ultrafast 30-s acquisition time by the total-body PET/CT (18F-FDG injection dose of about 3.7 MBq/kg), and to evaluate whether they can meet the requirements of clinical diagnosis or not. METHODS This retrospective study explored the clinical value of ultrafast 30-s 18F-FDG total-body PET/CT in 88 oncology patients, using the post-surgical pathological diagnosis as the reference standard. The data were acquired over 300 s and reconstructed using all 300-s data (G300) and only the initial 30 s (G30). Two readers independently assessed all images qualitatively and quantitatively. The diagnostic performance was compared between G300 and G30. RESULTS The G300 average qualitative score was higher than G30 (P < 0.001). G300 and G30 also differed quantitatively in the liver and mediastinum SUVmax, SD, and SNR (all P < 0.001), but had similar sensitivities (89.09% vs. 86.36%, P = 0.250). The G300 group had higher accuracy (79.73%) and a larger area under the curve (0.709) than G30 (77.70% and 0.695, respectively; all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The 30-s total-body PET/CT could meet clinical diagnostic requirements for malignant tumors in patients intolerant to prolonged horizontal positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibo He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojun Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Guobing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Gu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Zha Y, Chong H, Qiu H, Kang K, Dun Y, Chen Z, Cui X, Ning K. Ontology-aware deep learning enables ultrafast and interpretable source tracking among sub-million microbial community samples from hundreds of niches. Genome Med 2022; 14:43. [PMID: 35473941 PMCID: PMC9040266 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic structure of microbial community sample is highly habitat-specific, making source tracking possible, allowing identification of the niches where samples originate. However, current methods face challenges when source tracking is scaled up. Here, we introduce a deep learning method based on the Ontology-aware Neural Network approach, ONN4MST, for large-scale source tracking. ONN4MST outperformed other methods with near-optimal accuracy when source tracking among 125,823 samples from 114 niches. ONN4MST also has a broad spectrum of applications. Overall, this study represents the first model-based method for source tracking among sub-million microbial community samples from hundreds of niches, with superior speed, accuracy, and interpretability. ONN4MST is available at https://github.com/HUST-NingKang-Lab/ONN4MST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Zha
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center of AI Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Chong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center of AI Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center of AI Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center of AI Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yuzheng Dun
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Zhixue Chen
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuefeng Cui
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
| | - Kang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center of AI Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
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18
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Tayvah UT, Neu J, Spies JA, Schmuttenmaer CA, Brudvig GW. Ultrafast terahertz spectroscopy provides insight into charge transfer efficiency and dynamics in artificial photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 2022; 151:145-153. [PMID: 33219918 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy provides a noncontact method to measure the ultrafast dynamics and photoconductivity of mobile carriers in semiconducting materials. This has proven useful in studying artificial photosynthesis devices which use semiconductor photoelectrodes. We present a brief introduction to optical-pump THz-probe (OPTP) spectroscopy, a technique that provides unique and useful insight into interfacial electron transfer (from the surface-attached dye to the conduction band of the semiconductor) in dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells. Compared with more familiar methods like visible transient absorption spectroscopy, OPTP spectroscopy stands out in offering both sub-picosecond time resolution as well as sensitivity to mobile carriers (electrons and holes) in the semiconductor portion of artificial photosynthesis devices. The mobile carriers are crucial to device performance as only they pass to the other half cell to complete the reaction. In order to highlight these advantages and illustrate the types of questions OPTP spectroscopy can address, we discuss three case studies. In the first, OPTP spectroscopy is used to measure the injection rates from a set of six different dyes, revealing the effect of the energetics and lifetimes of the dye excited states on interfacial electron transfer. The subsequent case studies investigate the influence of varying the moieties which bind to the surface (anchors), as well as the moieties that connect the chromophore with these anchors (linkers). OPTP spectroscopy was used to measure the interfacial electron transfer rate as these moieties were varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel T Tayvah
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Jens Neu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Jacob A Spies
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Charles A Schmuttenmaer
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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Chen R, Ding S, Wei Y, Yu J, Xu R, Luo X, Fan G, Yin H, Bian J. Ultrafast identification of Pinelliae Rhizoma using colorimetric direct-VPCR. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:493. [PMID: 34881156 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing growth of the herbal market, a rapid and easy-to-use system is highly desirable in the high-throughput identification of massive herbal medicine samples. Here, an ultrafast and colorimetric detection system was devised based on simplifying template preparation and a newly developed amplification technique, named colorimetric direct-VPCR. The system was successfully applied to the identification of Pinelliae Rhizoma. Compared to the traditional method, the whole test can be finished within 30 min from the sample treatment to the testing results. The method was evaluated by correctly identifying 72 samples obtained from 9 different habitats, demonstrating its high reliability. In summary, we present an ultrafast (less than 30 min) and colorimetric detection platform (under ultraviolet lamp) based on direct-VPCR for the identification of Pinelliae Rhizoma. The high practicability (100% accuracy) of this pipeline enables it to be a promising method in the routine detection of other herbal materials. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03035-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Ding
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Wei
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Taiji Group Chongqing Fuling Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Chongqing, 408000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruichao Xu
- Taiji Group Chongqing Fuling Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Chongqing, 408000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Chengdu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu, 610000 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Fan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Yin
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Bian
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 People's Republic of China
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Lacombat F, Espagne A, Dozova N, Plaza P, Müller P, Emmerich HJ, Saft M, Essen LO. Ultrafast photoreduction dynamics of a new class of CPD photolyases. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:733-746. [PMID: 33977513 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
NewPHL is a recently discovered subgroup of ancestral DNA photolyases. Its domain architecture displays pronounced differences from that of canonical photolyases, in particular at the level of the characteristic electron transfer chain, which is limited to merely two tryptophans, instead of the "classical" three or four. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we show that the dynamics of photoreduction of the oxidized FAD cofactor in the NewPHL begins similarly as that in canonical photolyases, i.e., with a sub-ps primary reduction of the excited FAD cofactor by an adjacent tryptophan, followed by migration of the electron hole towards the second tryptophan in the tens of ps regime. However, the resulting tryptophanyl radical then undergoes an unprecedentedly fast deprotonation in less than 100 ps in the NewPHL. In spite of the stabilization effect of this deprotonation, almost complete charge recombination follows in two phases of ~ 950 ps and ~ 50 ns. Such a rapid recombination of the radical pair implies that the first FAD photoreduction step, i.e., conversion of the fully oxidized to the semi-quinone state, should be rather difficult in vivo. We hence suggest that the flavin chromophore likely switches only between its semi-reduced and fully reduced form in NewPHL under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lacombat
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Espagne
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Dozova
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Plaza
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Pavel Müller
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Hans-Joachim Emmerich
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps University, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Saft
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps University, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars-Oliver Essen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps University, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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21
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Mukherjee P, Chandra Singh P. Experimental insight into enzyme catalysis and dynamics: A review on applications of state of art spectroscopic methods. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol 2021; 122:33-62. [PMID: 32951815 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are dynamic in nature and understanding their activity depends on exploring their overall structural fluctuation as well as transformation at the active site in free state as well as turnover conditions. In this chapter, the application of several different spectroscopy techniques viz. single molecule spectroscopy, ultrafast spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy in the context of enzyme dynamics and catalysis are discussed. The importance of such studies are significant in the understanding of new discoveries of drugs, cure for some lethal diseases, gene modification as well as in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspal Mukherjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Prashant Chandra Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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22
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Abstract
The interaction between ultrafast lasers and magnetic materials is an appealing topic. It not only involves interesting fundamental questions that remain inconclusive and hence need further investigation, but also has the potential to revolutionize data storage technologies because such an opto-magnetic interaction provides an ultrafast and energy-efficient means to control magnetization. Fruitful progress has been made in this area over the past quarter century. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical studies on magnetization dynamics and switching in ferromagnetic materials that are induced by ultrafast lasers. We start by describing the physical mechanisms of ultrafast demagnetization based on different experimental observations and theoretical methods. Both the spin-flip scattering theory and the superdiffusive spin transport model will be discussed in detail. Then, we will discuss laser-induced torques and resultant magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic materials. Recent developments of all-optical switching (AOS) of ferromagnetic materials towards ultrafast magnetic storage and memory will also be reviewed, followed by the perspectives on the challenges and future directions in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangtang Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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23
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Vos HJ, Voorneveld JD, Groot Jebbink E, Leow CH, Nie L, van den Bosch AE, Tang MX, Freear S, Bosch JG. Contrast-Enhanced High-Frame-Rate Ultrasound Imaging of Flow Patterns in Cardiac Chambers and Deep Vessels. Ultrasound Med Biol 2020; 46:2875-2890. [PMID: 32843233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac function and vascular function are closely related to the flow of blood within. The flow velocities in these larger cavities easily reach 1 m/s, and generally complex spatiotemporal flow patterns are involved, especially in a non-physiologic state. Visualization of such flow patterns using ultrasound can be greatly enhanced by administration of contrast agents. Tracking the high-velocity complex flows is challenging with current clinical echographic tools, mostly because of limitations in signal-to-noise ratio; estimation of lateral velocities; and/or frame rate of the contrast-enhanced imaging mode. This review addresses the state of the art in 2-D high-frame-rate contrast-enhanced echography of ventricular and deep-vessel flow, from both technological and clinical perspectives. It concludes that current advanced ultrasound equipment is technologically ready for use in human contrast-enhanced studies, thus potentially leading to identification of the most clinically relevant flow parameters for quantifying cardiac and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik J Vos
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging Physics, Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Jason D Voorneveld
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Groot Jebbink
- M3i: Multi-modality Medical Imaging Group, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Vascular Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Chee Hau Leow
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luzhen Nie
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Meng-Xing Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Freear
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Johan G Bosch
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Karl N, Vabishchevich PP, Shcherbakov MR, Liu S, Sinclair MB, Shvets G, Brener I. Frequency Conversion in a Time-Variant Dielectric Metasurface. Nano Lett 2020; 20:7052-7058. [PMID: 32940476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The color of light is a fundamental property of electromagnetic radiation; as such, control of the frequency is a cornerstone of modern optics. Nonlinear materials are typically used to generate new frequencies, however the use of time-variant systems provides an alternative approach. Utilizing a metasurface that supports a high-quality factor resonance, we demonstrate that a rapidly shifting refractive index will induce frequency conversion of light that is confined in the nanoresonator meta-atoms. We experimentally observe this frequency conversion and develop a time-dependent coupled mode theory model that well describes the system. The intersection of high quality-factor resonances, active materials, and ultrafast transient spectroscopy leads to the demonstration of metasurfaces operating in a time-variant regime that enables enhanced control over light-matter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Karl
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Polina P Vabishchevich
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Maxim R Shcherbakov
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sheng Liu
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Michael B Sinclair
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Igal Brener
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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25
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Gouilleux B, Farjon J, Giraudeau P. Gradient-based pulse sequences for benchtop NMR spectroscopy. J Magn Reson 2020; 319:106810. [PMID: 33036709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benchtop NMR spectroscopy has been on the rise for the last decade, by bringing high-resolution NMR in environments that are not easily compatible with high-field NMR. Benchtop spectrometers are accessible, low cost and show an impressive performance in terms of sensitivity with respect to the relatively low associated magnetic field (40-100 MHz). However, their application is limited by the strong and ubiquitous peak overlaps arising from the complex mixtures which are often targeted, often characterized by a great diversity of concentrations and by strong signals from non-deuterated solvents. Such limitations can be addressed by pulse sequences making clever use of magnetic field gradient pulses, capable of performing efficient coherence selection or encoding chemical shift or diffusion information. Gradients pulses are well-known ingredients of high-field pulse sequence recipes, but were only recently made available on benchtop spectrometers, thanks to the introduction of gradient coils in 2015. This article reviews the recent methodological advances making use of gradient pulses on benchtop spectrometers and the applications stemming from these developments. Particular focus is made on solvent suppression schemes, diffusion-encoded, and spatially-encoded experiments, while discussing both methodological advances and subsequent applications. We eventually discuss the exciting development and application perspectives that result from such advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Gouilleux
- Université Paris-Saclay, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, RMN en Milieu Orienté, France
| | - Jonathan Farjon
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
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26
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Zhou Y, Ma Y, Sun Y, Qi C, Guo G, Xiong Z, Liu Y. Facile preparation of robust superhydrophobic cotton fabric for ultrafast removal of oil from contaminated waters. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:21202-21212. [PMID: 32266628 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new class of robust superhydrophobic cotton fabric was prepared by chemically grafting method for removing oil from contaminated waters. Furthermore, the mechanical, chemical, and thermal durability of superhydrophobic cotton fabric was evaluated in detail. The superhydrophobic cotton fabric did not only showed excellent separation efficiency (ca.100%) and ultrafast separation rate (ca. 13,600 L/h m2) but also exhibited excellent durability. Especially, the oil/water separation rate was almost 10 times than that reported in previous works. The work provides a new method to design and large-scale prepare oil/water separation materials with high performance for industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Zhou
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Ma
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyi Sun
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunhong Qi
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizheng Guo
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Xiong
- Department of Chemical and Bio-molecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Fang Q, Yue X, Han S, Wang B, Song X. A rapid and sensitive fluorescent probe for detecting hydrogen polysulfides in living cells and zebra fish. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 224:117410. [PMID: 31352139 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn, n>1) plays crucial roles in many biological processes, while it remains a challenge for rapid and selective detection of H2Sn. We designed and synthesized a turn-on fluorescent probe (JCCF) for detecting H2Sn based on a new julolidine-coumarinocoumarin scaffold. H2Sn could trigger a dramatic fluorescence enhancement (52-fold) with a fast response time and a low detection limit of 98.3 nM (S/N = 3). Moreover, JCCF was successfully applied to image H2Sn in living cells and zebra fish with low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Fang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiuxiu Yue
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shaohui Han
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, China
| | - Benhua Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Xiangzhi Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, China.
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28
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Cai Y, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Yao J, Yan G, Lu H. A thiazolidine formation-based approach for ultrafast and highly efficient solid-phase extraction of N-Glycoproteome. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1100:174-181. [PMID: 31987138 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
For mass spectrometry (MS)-based N-glycoproteomics, selective enrichment of N-glycopeptides prior to MS analysis is a crucial step to reduce sample complexity. Enrichment based on covalent coupling is as an increasingly attractive strategy due to the unbiased and highly specific features. However, most of current covalent coupling reactions for N-glycopeptides enrichment are still limited by long coupling time and harsh coupling conditions. Herein, we developed a thiazolidine formation-based approach for ultrafast and highly efficient solid-phase extraction of N-Glycoproteome. With the use of facile synthesis of Cys-terminated magnetic nanoparticles, the oxidized glycan moieties on glycopeptides could be selectively captured by the β-amino thiols groups on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles through thiazolidine formation. The coupling could be achieved within 30 min under mild condition, eliminating the addition of toxic catalyst or sample-destroying reducing agent. Also, the great enrichment performance for N-glycopeptides were obtained in terms of sensitivity (low fmol levels), selectivity (extracting N-glycopeptides from the mixture of glycopeptides and non-glycopeptides at a 1:100 molar ratio) and reproducibility (CVs<26%). Finally, this proposed method was successfully demonstrated by analyzing the N-glycoproteome from 2 μL human serum, which offers an alternative purification method for analysis of N-glycoproteome from complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cai
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Chemistry and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Yuan
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jun Yao
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Guoquan Yan
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Chemistry and NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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29
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Zhu C, Zheng D, Wang H, Zhang M, Li Z, Sun S, Xu P, Tian H, Li Z, Yang H, Li J. Development of analytical ultrafast transmission electron microscopy based on laser-driven Schottky field emission. Ultramicroscopy 2019; 209:112887. [PMID: 31739190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new design scheme for ultrafast transmission electron microscopy (UTEM) has been developed based on a Schottky-type field emission gun (FEG) at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOP CAS). In this UTEM setup, electron pulse emission is achieved by integrating a laser port between the electron gun and the column and the resulting microscope can operate in either continuous or pulsed mode. In pulsed mode, the optimized electron beam properties are an energy width of ~0.65 eV, micrometer-scale coherence lengths and sub-picosecond pulse durations. The potential applications of this UTEM, which include electron diffraction, high-resolution imaging, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and photon-induced near-field electron microscopy, are demonstrated using ultrafast electron pulses. Furthermore, we use a nanosecond laser (~10 ns) to show that the laser-driven FEG can support high-quality TEM imaging and electron holography when using a stroboscopic configuration. Our results also indicate that FEG-based ultrafast electron sources may enable high-performance analytical UTEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Dingguo Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhongwen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shuaishuai Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huanfang Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huaixin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center Co., Ltd., Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
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30
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Green ME, Bas DA, Yao HY, Gengler JJ, Headrick RJ, Back TC, Urbas AM, Pasquali M, Kono J, Her TH. Bright and Ultrafast Photoelectron Emission from Aligned Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes through Multiphoton Exciton Resonance. Nano Lett 2019; 19:158-164. [PMID: 30484322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort bunches of electrons, emitted from solid surfaces through excitation by ultrashort laser pulses, are an essential ingredient in advanced X-ray sources, and ultrafast electron diffraction and spectroscopy. Multiphoton photoemission using a noble metal as the photocathode material is typically used but more brightness is desired. Artificially structured metal photocathodes have been shown to enhance optical absorption via surface plasmon resonance but such an approach severely reduces the damage threshold in addition to requiring state-of-the-art facilities for photocathode fabrication. Here, we report ultrafast photoelectron emission from sidewalls of aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes. We utilized strong exciton resonances inherent in this prototypical one-dimensional material, and its excellent thermal conductivity and mechanical rigidity leading to a high damage threshold. We obtained unambiguous evidence for resonance-enhanced multiphoton photoemission processes with definite power-law behaviors. In addition, we observed strong polarization dependence and ultrashort photoelectron response time, both of which can be quantitatively explained by our model. These results firmly establish aligned single-wall carbon nanotube films as novel and promising ultrafast photocathode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Green
- Department of Physics and Optical Science , UNC Charlotte , Charlotte , North Carolina 28223 , United States
| | - Derek A Bas
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Hsin-Yu Yao
- Department of Physics , National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road , Hsinchu , Taiwan
| | - Jamie J Gengler
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | | | - Tyson C Back
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Augustine M Urbas
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | | | | | - Tsing-Hua Her
- Department of Physics and Optical Science , UNC Charlotte , Charlotte , North Carolina 28223 , United States
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31
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Xu X, Zhang Z, Dong J, Yi D, Niu J, Wu M, Lin L, Yin R, Li M, Zhou J, Wang S, Sun J, Duan X, Gao P, Jiang Y, Wu X, Peng H, Ruoff RS, Liu Z, Yu D, Wang E, Ding F, Liu K. Ultrafast epitaxial growth of metre-sized single-crystal graphene on industrial Cu foil. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:1074-80. [PMID: 36659334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A foundation of the modern technology that uses single-crystal silicon has been the growth of high-quality single-crystal Si ingots with diameters up to 12 inches or larger. For many applications of graphene, large-area high-quality (ideally of single-crystal) material will be enabling. Since the first growth on copper foil a decade ago, inch-sized single-crystal graphene has been achieved. We present here the growth, in 20min, of a graphene film of (5×50)cm2 dimension with >99% ultra-highly oriented grains. This growth was achieved by: (1) synthesis of metre-sized single-crystal Cu(111) foil as substrate; (2) epitaxial growth of graphene islands on the Cu(111) surface; (3) seamless merging of such graphene islands into a graphene film with high single crystallinity and (4) the ultrafast growth of graphene film. These achievements were realized by a temperature-gradient-driven annealing technique to produce single-crystal Cu(111) from industrial polycrystalline Cu foil and the marvellous effects of a continuous oxygen supply from an adjacent oxide. The as-synthesized graphene film, with very few misoriented grains (if any), has a mobility up to ∼23,000cm2V-1s-1 at 4K and room temperature sheet resistance of ∼230Ω/□. It is very likely that this approach can be scaled up to achieve exceptionally large and high-quality graphene films with single crystallinity, and thus realize various industrial-level applications at a low cost.
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32
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Giovanni D, Chong WK, Dewi HA, Thirumal K, Neogi I, Ramesh R, Mhaisalkar S, Mathews N, Sum TC. Tunable room-temperature spin-selective optical Stark effect in solution-processed layered halide perovskites. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1600477. [PMID: 27386583 PMCID: PMC4928968 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast spin manipulation for opto-spin logic applications requires material systems that have strong spin-selective light-matter interaction. Conventional inorganic semiconductor nanostructures [for example, epitaxial II to VI quantum dots and III to V multiple quantum wells (MQWs)] are considered forerunners but encounter challenges such as lattice matching and cryogenic cooling requirements. Two-dimensional halide perovskite semiconductors, combining intrinsic tunable MQW structures and large oscillator strengths with facile solution processability, can offer breakthroughs in this area. We demonstrate novel room-temperature, strong ultrafast spin-selective optical Stark effect in solution-processed (C6H4FC2H4NH3)2PbI4 perovskite thin films. Exciton spin states are selectively tuned by ~6.3 meV using circularly polarized optical pulses without any external photonic cavity (that is, corresponding to a Rabi energy of ~55 meV and equivalent to applying a 70 T magnetic field), which is much larger than any conventional system. The facile halide and organic replacement in these perovskites affords control of the dielectric confinement and thus presents a straightforward strategy for tuning light-matter coupling strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Giovanni
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, S2-B3a-01, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wee Kiang Chong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, S2-B3a-01, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Herlina Arianita Dewi
- ERI@N, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Krishnamoorthy Thirumal
- ERI@N, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Ishita Neogi
- ERI@N, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Subodh Mhaisalkar
- ERI@N, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nripan Mathews
- ERI@N, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (T.C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (T.C.S.); (N.M.)
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33
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Greetham GM, Donaldson PM, Nation C, Sazanovich IV, Clark IP, Shaw DJ, Parker AW, Towrie M. A 100 kHz Time-Resolved Multiple-Probe Femtosecond to Second Infrared Absorption Spectrometer. Appl Spectrosc 2016; 70:645-653. [PMID: 26887988 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816631302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a dual-amplifier laser system for time-resolved multiple-probe infrared (IR) spectroscopy based on the ytterbium potassium gadolinium tungstate (Yb:KGW) laser medium. Comparisons are made between the ytterbium-based technology and titanium sapphire laser systems for time-resolved IR spectroscopy measurements. The 100 kHz probing system provides new capability in time-resolved multiple-probe experiments, as more information is obtained from samples in a single experiment through multiple-probing. This method uses the high repetition-rate probe pulses to repeatedly measure spectra at 10 µs intervals following excitation allowing extended timescales to be measured routinely along with ultrafast data. Results are presented showing the measurement of molecular dynamics over >10 orders of magnitude in timescale, out to 20 ms, with an experimental time response of <200 fs. The power of multiple-probing is explored through principal component analysis of repeating probe measurements as a novel method for removing noise and measurement artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Paul M Donaldson
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Charlie Nation
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Ian P Clark
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Daniel J Shaw
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anthony W Parker
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
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34
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Qiu J, Ha G, Jing C, Baryshev SV, Reed BW, Lau JW, Zhu Y. GHz laser-free time-resolved transmission electron microscopy: A stroboscopic high-duty-cycle method. Ultramicroscopy 2016; 161:130-136. [PMID: 26683815 PMCID: PMC10901212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A device and a method for producing ultrashort electron pulses with GHz repetition rates via pulsing an input direct current (dc) electron beam are provided. The device and the method are based on an electromagnetic-mechanical pulser (EMMP) that consists of a series of transverse deflecting cavities and magnetic quadrupoles. The EMMP modulates and chops the incoming dc electron beam and converts it into pico- and sub-pico-second electron pulse sequences (pulse trains) at >1GHz repetition rates, as well as controllably manipulates the resulting pulses. Ultimately, it leads to negligible electron pulse phase-space degradation compared to the incoming dc beam parameters. The temporal pulse length and repetition rate for the EMMP can be continuously tunable over wide ranges. Applying the EMMP to a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with any dc electron source (e.g. thermionic, Schottky, or field-emission source), a GHz stroboscopic high-duty-cycle TEM can be realized. Unlike in many recent developments in time-resolved TEM that rely on a sample pumping laser paired with a laser launching electrons from a photocathode to probe the sample, there is no laser in the presented experimental set-up. This is expected to be a significant relief for electron microscopists who are not familiar with laser systems. The EMMP and the sample are externally driven by a radiofrequency (RF) source synchronized through a delay line. With no laser pumping the sample, the problem of the pump laser induced residual heating/damaging the sample is eliminated. As many RF-driven processes can be cycled indefinitely, sampling rates of 1-50GHz become accessible. Such a GHz stroboscopic TEM would open up a new paradigm for in situ and in operando experiments to study samples externally driven electromagnetically. Complementary to the lower (MHz) repetition rates experiments enabled by laser photocathode TEM, new experiments in the multi-GHz regime will be enabled by the proposed RF design. Because TEM is also a platform for various analytical methods, there are infinite application opportunities in energy and electronics to resolve charge (electronic and ionic) transport, and magnetic, plasmonic and excitonic dynamics in advanced functional materials. In addition, because the beam duty-cycle can be as high as ~10(-1) (or 10%), detection can be accomplished by commercially available detectors. In this article, we report an optimal design of the EMMP. The optimal design was found using an analytical generalized matrix approach in the thin lens approximation along with detailed beam dynamics taking actual realistic dc beam parameters in a TEM operating at 200keV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Qiu
- Euclid TechLabs, 365 Remington Blvd., Bolingbrook, IL 60440, USA
| | - Gwanghui Ha
- Euclid TechLabs, 365 Remington Blvd., Bolingbrook, IL 60440, USA
| | - Chunguang Jing
- Euclid TechLabs, 365 Remington Blvd., Bolingbrook, IL 60440, USA
| | | | - Bryan W Reed
- Integrated Dynamic Electron Solutions, 5653 Stoneridge Dr., Suite 117, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - June W Lau
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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Liu Y, Gerber T, Radi P, Knopp G. Ultrafast imaging of electronic relaxation in n-propylbenzene: Direct observation of intermediate state. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 149:54-58. [PMID: 25942085 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast dynamics of the second singlet electronically excited state (S2) in n-propylbenzene has been investigated by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging coupled with photofragmentation spectroscopy. The intermediate state for the deactivation of the S2 state is observed by transient photoelectron kinetic energy distributions and photoelectron angular distributions. An ultrafast electronic relaxation process on timescale of the fitted ∼50 fs was observed in the S2 state by time-resolved photoelectron imaging and it is attributed to the S1←S2 internal conversion (IC). The time constant of 1.23 (±0.2) ps is determined for the further deactivation of the intermediate S1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044 Nanjing, China.
| | | | - Peter Radi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Knopp
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Leon Swisher C, Koelsch B, Sukumar S, Sriram R, Santos RD, Wang ZJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron D, Larson P. Dynamic UltraFast 2D EXchange SpectroscopY (UF-EXSY) of hyperpolarized substrates. J Magn Reson 2015; 257:102-9. [PMID: 26117655 PMCID: PMC4515769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a new ultrafast method for acquiring dynamic 2D EXchange SpectroscopY (EXSY) within a single acquisition. This technique reconstructs two-dimensional EXSY spectra from one-dimensional spectra based on the phase accrual during echo times. The Ultrafast-EXSY acquisition overcomes long acquisition times typically needed to acquire 2D NMR data by utilizing sparsity and phase dependence to dramatically undersample in the indirect time dimension. This allows for the acquisition of the 2D spectrum within a single shot. We have validated this method in simulations and hyperpolarized enzyme assay experiments separating the dehydration of pyruvate and lactate-to-pyruvate conversion. In a renal cell carcinoma cell (RCC) line, bidirectional exchange was observed. This new technique revealed decreased conversion of lactate-to-pyruvate with high expression of monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), known to correlate with aggressive cancer phenotypes. We also showed feasibility of this technique in vivo in a RCC model where bidirectional exchange was observed for pyruvate-lactate, pyruvate-alanine, and pyruvate-hydrate and were resolved in time. Broadly, the technique is well suited to investigate the dynamics of multiple exchange pathways and applicable to hyperpolarized substrates where chemical exchange has shown great promise across a range of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Leon Swisher
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Bertram Koelsch
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Subramianam Sukumar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Romelyn Delos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Zhen Jane Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Daniel Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, United States.
| | - Peder Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, United States; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, United States.
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Abstract
Optical modulators (OMs) are a key device in modern optical systems. Due to its unique optical properties, graphene has been recently utilized in the fabrication of optical modulators, which promise high performance such as broadband response, high modulation speed, and high modulation depth. In this paper, the latest experimental and theoretical demonstrations of graphene optical modulators (GOMs) with different structures and functions are reviewed. Particularly, the principles of electro-optical and all-optical modulators are illustrated. Additionally, the limitation of GOMs and possible methods to improve performance and practicability are discussed. At last, graphene terahertz modulators (GTMs) are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Luo
- />Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
- />State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- />Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Tong
- />Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- />Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
- />State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
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38
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Fu H, Liu H, Shen W. A composite CdS thin film/TiO2 nanotube structure by ultrafast successive electrochemical deposition toward photovoltaic application. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:631. [PMID: 25520588 PMCID: PMC4266500 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating functional compounds on substrates with complicated morphology has been an important topic in material science and technology, which remains a challenging issue to simultaneously achieve a high growth rate for a complex nanostructure with simple controlling factors. Here, we present a novel simple and successive method based on chemical reactions in an open reaction system manipulated by an electric field. A uniform CdS/TiO2 composite tubular structure has been fabricated in highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays in a very short time period (~90 s) under room temperature (RT). The content of CdS in the resultant and its crystalline structure was tuned by the form and magnitude of external voltage. The as-formed structure has shown a quite broad and bulk-like light absorption spectrum with the absorption of photon energy even below that of the bulk CdS. The as-fabricated-sensitized solar cell based on this composite structure has achieved an efficiency of 1.43% without any chemical doping or co-sensitizing, 210% higher than quantum dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) under a similar condition. Hopefully, this method can also easily grow nanostructures based on a wide range of compound materials for energy science and electronic technologies, especially for fast-deploying devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fu
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenzhong Shen
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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Hung I, Gan Z. Fast REDOR with CPMG multiple-echo acquisition. J Magn Reson 2014; 238:82-86. [PMID: 24316818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rotational-Echo Double Resonance (REDOR) is a widely used experiment for distance measurements in solids. The conventional REDOR experiment measures the signal dephasing from hetero-nuclear recoupling under magic-angle spinning (MAS) in a point by point manner. A modified Carr-Purcell Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) multiple-echo scheme is introduced for fast REDOR measurement. REDOR curves are measured from the CPMG echo amplitude modulation under dipolar recoupling. The real time CPMG-REDOR experiment can speed up the measurement by an order of magnitude. The effects from hetero-nuclear recoupling, the Bloch-Siegert shift and echo truncation to the signal acquisition are discussed and demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
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40
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Lioudakis E, Alexandrou I, Othonos A. Ultrafast Dynamics of Localized and Delocalized Polaron Transitions in P3HT/PCBM Blend Materials: The Effects of PCBM Concentration. Nanoscale Res Lett 2009; 4:1475-1480. [PMID: 20652147 PMCID: PMC2894146 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, organic solar cells have the interest of engineers for manufacturing flexible and low cost devices. The considerable progress of this nanotechnology area presents the possibility of investigating new effects from a fundamental science point of view. In this letter we highlight the influence of the concentration of fullerene molecules on the ultrafast transport properties of charged electrons and polarons in P3HT/PCBM blended materials which are crucial for the development of organic solar cells. Especially, we report on the femtosecond dynamics of localized (P2at 1.45 eV) and delocalized (DP2at 1.76 eV) polaron states of P3HT matrix with the addition of fullerene molecules as well as the free-electron relaxation dynamics of PCBM-related states. Our study shows that as PCBM concentration increases, the amplified exciton dissociation at bulk heterojunctions leads to increased polaron lifetimes. However, the increase in PCBM concentration can be directly related to the localization of polarons, creating thus two competing trends within the material. Our methodology shows that the effect of changes in structure and/or composition can be monitored at the fundamental level toward optimization of device efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Lioudakis
- Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, P.O. Box 27456, 1645, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Alexandrou
- Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
| | - Andreas Othonos
- Research Center of Ultrafast Science, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
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