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Mahawar P, Rajeshkumar T, Spaniol TP, Maron L, Okuda J. Dihydrogen Cleavage by a Zinc-Zinc Bond of a Heteroleptic Dizinc(I) Cation. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8493-8501. [PMID: 38651332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative addition of dihydrogen across a metal-metal bond to form reactive metal hydrides in homogeneous catalysis is known for transition metals but not for zinc(I)-zinc(I) bond as found in Carmona's eponymous dizinconene [Zn2Cp*2] (Cp* = η5-C5Me5). Dihydrogen reacted with the heteroleptic zinc(I)-zinc(I) bonded cation [(L2)Zn-ZnCp*][BAr4F] (L2 = TMEDA, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, TEEDA, N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethylenediamine; ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) under 2 bar at 80 °C to give the zinc(II) hydride cation [(L2)ZnH(thf)][BAr4F] along with zinc metal and Cp*H derived from the intermediate [Cp*ZnH]. DFT calculations show that the cleavage of dihydrogen occurs through a highly unsymmetrical transition state. Mechanistic studies agree with a heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen as a result of the cationic charge and unsymmetrical ligand coordination. To explore the existence of zinc(I) hydride, thermally unstable hydridotriphenylborate complexes of zinc(I) [(L2)Zn(HBPh3)-ZnCp*] (L2 = TMEDA, TEEDA; TMPDA, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,3-propylenediamine) have been prepared by salt metathesis and were shown to undergo fast exchange with both BPh3 and [HBPh3]-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Mahawar
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas P Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laurent Maron
- CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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2
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Morris LJ, Rajeshkumar T, Maron L, Okuda J. Reversible Oxidative Addition of Zinc Hydride at a Gallium(I)-Centre: Labile Mono- and Bis(hydridogallyl)zinc Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201480. [PMID: 35819049 PMCID: PMC9804236 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of TMEDA (N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine), partially deaggregated zinc dihydride as hydrocarbon suspensions react with the gallium(I) compound [(BDI)Ga] (I, BDI={HC(C(CH3 )N(2,6-iPr2 -C6 H3 ))2 }- ) by formal oxidative addition of a Zn-H bond to the gallium(I) centre. Dissociation of the labile TMEDA ligand in the resulting complex [(BDI)Ga(H)-(H)Zn(tmeda)] (1) facilitates insertion of a second equiv. of I into the remaining Zn-H to form a thermally sensitive trinuclear species [{(BDI)Ga(H)}2 Zn] (2). Compound 1 exchanges with polymeric zinc dideuteride [ZnD2 ]n in the presence of TMEDA, and with compounds I and 2 via sequential and reversible ligand dissociation and gallium(I) insertion. Spectroscopic and computational studies demonstrate the reversibility of oxidative addition of each Zn-H bond to the gallium(I) centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Morris
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52062AachenGermany
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TAUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Laurent Maron
- CNRSINSAUPSUMR 5215LPCNOUniversité de Toulouse31077ToulouseFrance
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52062AachenGermany
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Dodonov VA, Sokolov VG, Baranov EV, Skatova AA, Xu W, Zhao Y, Yang XJ, Fedushkin IL. Reactivity of Transition Metal Gallylene Complexes Toward Substrates with Multiple Carbon–Element Bonds. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14962-14972. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Dodonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G. Sokolov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny V. Baranov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra A. Skatova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Wenhua Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Igor L. Fedushkin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
- Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, Ulyanova 1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russian Federation
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Morris LJ, Rajeshkumar T, Okumura A, Maron L, Okuda J. Solvent-Dependent Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination of H 2 Across a Gallium-Zinc Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208855. [PMID: 35833688 PMCID: PMC9544028 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
H2 adds reversibly across the metal-metal bond of [(BDI)Ga(H)-Zn(tmeda)(thf)][BAr4 F ] (BDI=[HC{C(CH3 )N(2,6-iPr2 -C6 H3 )}2 ]- , TMEDA=N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, BAr4 F- =[B(C6 H3 -3,5-(CF3 )2 )4 ]- ). Due to the stabilising effect of solvent coordination, hydrogenation products [(BDI)GaH2 ] and [(tmeda)ZnH(thf)][BAr4 F ] are favoured in THF solution, but THF-free mixtures of [(BDI)GaH2 ] and [(tmeda)ZnH(OEt2 )][BAr4 F ] are predisposed towards entropically driven dehydrogenation to [(BDI)Ga(H)-Zn(tmeda)][BAr4 F ] in fluorobenzene solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Morris
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52062AachenGermany
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- CNRSINSAUPSUMR 5215LPCNOUniversité de Toulouse135 Avenue de Rangueil31077ToulouseFrance
| | - Akira Okumura
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52062AachenGermany
| | - Laurent Maron
- CNRSINSAUPSUMR 5215LPCNOUniversité de Toulouse135 Avenue de Rangueil31077ToulouseFrance
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52062AachenGermany
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Solvent‐Dependent Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination of H2 Across a Gallium─Zinc Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Maley SM, Steagall R, Lief GR, Buck RM, Yang Q, Sydora OL, Bischof SM, Ess DH. Computational Evaluation and Design of Polyethylene Zirconocene Catalysts with Noncovalent Dispersion Interactions. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Maley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Robert Steagall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Graham R. Lief
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Highways 60 & 123, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003, United States
| | - Richard M. Buck
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Highways 60 & 123, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003, United States
| | - Qing Yang
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Highways 60 & 123, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003, United States
| | - Orson L. Sydora
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862, Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Steven M. Bischof
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862, Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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Friedrich A, Eyselein J, Langer J, Färber C, Harder S. Cationic Heterobimetallic Mg(Zn)/Al(Ga) Combinations for Cooperative C-F Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16492-16499. [PMID: 33979476 PMCID: PMC8361950 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Low-valent (Me BDI)Al and (Me BDI)Ga and highly Lewis acidic cations in [(tBu BDI)M+ ⋅C6 H6 ][(B(C6 F5 )4 - ] (M=Mg or Zn, Me BDI=HC[C(Me)N-DIPP]2 , tBu BDI=HC[C(tBu)N-DIPP]2 , DIPP=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) react to heterobimetallic cations [(tBu BDI)Mg-Al(Me BDI)+ ], [(tBu BDI)Mg-Ga(Me BDI)+ ] and [(tBu BDI)Zn-Ga(Me BDI)+ ]. These cations feature long Mg-Al (or Ga) bonds while the Zn-Ga bond is short. The [(tBu BDI)Zn-Al(Me BDI)+ ] cation was not formed. Combined AIM and charge calculations suggest that the metal-metal bonds to Zn are considerably more covalent, whereas those to Mg should be described as weak AlI (or GaI )→Mg2+ donor bonds. Failure to isolate the Zn-Al combination originates from cleavage of the C-F bond in the solvent fluorobenzene to give (tBu BDI)ZnPh and (Me BDI)AlF+ which is extremely Lewis acidic and was not observed, but (Me BDI)Al(F)-(μ-F)-(F)Al(Me BDI)+ was verified by X-ray diffraction. DFT calculations show that the remarkably facile C-F bond cleavage follows a dearomatization/rearomatization route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Friedrich
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Christian Färber
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
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8
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Friedrich A, Eyselein J, Langer J, Färber C, Harder S. Cationic Heterobimetallic Mg(Zn)/Al(Ga) Combinations for Cooperative C–F Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Friedrich
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian Färber
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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9
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Ayala R, Galindo A. A QTAIM and DFT study of the dizinc bond in non-symmetric [CpZn2Ln] complexes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Banh H, Hornung J, Kratz T, Gemel C, Pöthig A, Gam F, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Fischer RA. Embryonic brass: pseudo two electron Cu/Zn clusters. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8906-8913. [PMID: 30647885 PMCID: PMC6301272 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03902j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoelectronic M7 clusters [Cu3Zn4](Cp*)5 and {[Cu2Zn5](Cp*)5}+ were isolated as unique species pushing the boundaries of the Wade–Mingos rules.
The isoelectronic M7 clusters [Cu3Zn4](Cp*)5 (1) and {[Cu2Zn5](Cp*)5}+ (2) are described. While 1 can be isolated only as a minor side product from the reaction of Cu(CH3CO2) with equimolar amounts of [Zn2Cp*2] with the trigonal cluster [CuZn2](Cp*)3 as the major product, 2 is available in acceptable yields from the reaction of [CuZn2](Cp*)3 with the Cp*Zn2-transfer-reagent [Cp*Zn2(Et2O)3][BAr4F]. The trigonal bipyramidal Cu/Zn-clusters exhibit exceptional bonding situations: with formally only one skeleton electron pair they can be regarded as highly electron deficient. However, a detailed DFT analysis reveals that the cluster bonding is supported by 3d orbital contributions of the trigonal metal base unit. The data contribute to the development of an advanced tool-box for synthesis of Hume-Rothery intermetallic (e.g. brass) inspired clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Banh
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany . .,Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1 , 85747 Garching bei München , Germany
| | - Julius Hornung
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany . .,Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1 , 85747 Garching bei München , Germany
| | - Thilo Kratz
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany . .,Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1 , 85747 Garching bei München , Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany . .,Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1 , 85747 Garching bei München , Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany . .,Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1 , 85747 Garching bei München , Germany
| | - Franck Gam
- Univ Rennes , CNRS , ISCR-UMR 6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France .
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes , CNRS , ISCR-UMR 6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France .
| | | | - Roland A Fischer
- Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , 85748 Garching bei München , Germany . .,Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1 , 85747 Garching bei München , Germany
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11
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Ganesamoorthy C, Krüger J, Glöckler E, Helling C, John L, Frank W, Wölper C, Schulz S. Comprehensive Study on Reactions of Group 13 Diyls with Tetraorganodipentelanes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9495-9503. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chelladurai Ganesamoorthy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Krüger
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Eduard Glöckler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Helling
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas John
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Walter Frank
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
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13
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Abstract
This review article provides a survey of contemporary investigations on main group metal cluster formation, addressing homo- and heterometallic clusters (including small numbers of transition metal atoms), with or without an external ligand shell, thereby excluding clusters with non-metal atoms as bridging ligands. Most of the studies reflected herein represent insights into the formation of intermediates from the starting material, or the final cluster formation from established intermediates. In rare cases, the entire process was suggested as a result of comprehensive, multi-method elucidations. The article is to be understood as a state-of-the-art report, as the subject matter is currently a rising field of research, which is still in its infancy, despite some early activities that date back to the 1980s. At the same time, the article intends to point toward both the importance and the feasibility of according studies, in order to encourage researchers to gain even more knowledge in this field. Only deep understanding of cluster formation will allow for design, and ultimately control, of their syntheses, with the long-term goal of their optimization and purposeful application in catalysis or novel material synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Weinert
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Mitzinger
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
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15
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Martínez SH, Pan S, Cabellos JL, Dzib E, Fernández-Herrera MA, Merino G. Importance of Dispersion on the Stability of the Concave-Bound CpM (M = Fe, Ru, Os) Complexes of Sumanene. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saúl H. Martínez
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, México
| | - Sudip Pan
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, México
| | - José Luis Cabellos
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, México
| | - Eugenia Dzib
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, México
| | - María A. Fernández-Herrera
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, México
- Conacyt
Research Fellow: Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310, Mérida, México
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16
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Weßing J, Göbel C, Weber B, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Diverse Reactivity of ECp* (E = Al, Ga) toward Low-Coordinate Transition Metal Amides [TM(N(SiMe3)2)2] (TM = Fe, Co, Zn): Insertion, Cp* Transfer, and Orthometalation. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3517-3525. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Weßing
- Chair of Inorganic
and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Göbel
- Inorganic Chemistry II, University Bayreuth, D- 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Birgit Weber
- Inorganic Chemistry II, University Bayreuth, D- 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Chair of Inorganic
and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic
and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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17
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Mayer K, Jantke LA, Schulz S, Fässler TF. Retention of the Zn−Zn bond in [Ge9
Zn−ZnGe9
]6−
and Formation of [(Ge9
Zn)−(Ge9
)−(ZnGe9
)]8−
and Polymeric 1∞
[−(Ge9
Zn)2−
−]1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Mayer
- Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Laura-Alice Jantke
- Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Fakultät für Chemie und Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); Universität Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstraße 5-7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
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18
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Mayer K, Jantke LA, Schulz S, Fässler TF. Retention of the Zn−Zn bond in [Ge9
Zn−ZnGe9
]6−
and Formation of [(Ge9
Zn)−(Ge9
)−(ZnGe9
)]8−
and Polymeric 1∞
[−(Ge9
Zn)2−
−]1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2350-2355. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Mayer
- Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Laura-Alice Jantke
- Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Fakultät für Chemie und Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); Universität Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstraße 5-7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Thomas F. Fässler
- Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
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Engesser TA, Lichtenthaler MR, Schleep M, Krossing I. Reactive p-block cations stabilized by weakly coordinating anions. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:789-899. [PMID: 26612538 PMCID: PMC4758321 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00672d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of the p-block elements is a huge playground for fundamental and applied work. With their bonding from electron deficient to hypercoordinate and formally hypervalent, the p-block elements represent an area to find terra incognita. Often, the formation of cations that contain p-block elements as central ingredient is desired, for example to make a compound more Lewis acidic for an application or simply to prove an idea. This review has collected the reactive p-block cations (rPBC) with a comprehensive focus on those that have been published since the year 2000, but including the milestones and key citations of earlier work. We include an overview on the weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) used to stabilize the rPBC and give an overview to WCA selection, ionization strategies for rPBC-formation and finally list the rPBC ordered in their respective group from 13 to 18. However, typical, often more organic ion classes that constitute for example ionic liquids (imidazolium, ammonium, etc.) were omitted, as were those that do not fulfill the - naturally subjective -"reactive"-criterion of the rPBC. As a rule, we only included rPBC with crystal structure and only rarely refer to important cations published without crystal structure. This collection is intended for those who are simply interested what has been done or what is possible, as well as those who seek advice on preparative issues, up to people having a certain application in mind, where the knowledge on the existence of a rPBC that might play a role as an intermediate or active center may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Martin R. Lichtenthaler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Mario Schleep
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
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