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Bauer N, Yuan Z, Yang X, Wang B. Plight of CORMs: The unreliability of four commercially available CO-releasing molecules, CORM-2, CORM-3, CORM-A1, and CORM-401, in studying CO biology. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 214:115642. [PMID: 37321416 PMCID: PMC10529722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule with demonstrated pharmacological effects. In studying CO biology, three delivery forms have been used: CO gas, CO in solution, and CO donors of various types. Among the CO donors, four carbonyl complexes with either a transition metal ion or borane (BH3) (termed CO-releasing molecules or CORMs) have played the most prominent roles appearing in over 650 publications. These are CORM-2, CORM-3, CORM-A1, and CORM-401. Intriguingly, there have been unique biology findings that were only observed with these CORMs, but not CO gas; yet these properties were often attributed to CO, raising puzzling questions as to why CO source would make such a fundamental difference in terms of CO biology. Recent years have seen a large number of reports of chemical reactivity (e.g., catalase-like activity, reaction with thiol, and reduction of NAD(P)+) and demonstrated CO-independent biological activity for these four CORMs. Further, CORM-A1 releases CO in an idiosyncratic fashion; CO release from CORM-401 is strongly influenced or even dependent on reaction with an oxidant and/or a nucleophile; CORM-2 mostly releases CO2, not CO, after a water-gas shift reaction except in the presence of a strong nucleophile; and CORM-3 does not release CO except in the presence of a strong nucleophile. All these beg the question as to what constitutes an appropriate CO donor for studying CO biology. This review critically summarizes literature findings related to these aspects, with the aim of helping result interpretation when using these CORMs and development of essential criteria for an appropriate donor for studying CO biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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2
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Bio-Inspired Molecular Catalysts for Water Oxidation. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic tetranuclear manganese-calcium-oxo cluster in the photosynthetic reaction center, photosystem II, provides an excellent blueprint for light-driven water oxidation in nature. The water oxidation reaction has attracted intense interest due to its potential as a renewable, clean, and environmentally benign source of energy production. Inspired by the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II, a large of number of highly innovative synthetic bio-inspired molecular catalysts are being developed that incorporate relatively cheap and abundant metals such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, as well as Ru and Ir, in their design. In this review, we briefly discuss the historic milestones that have been achieved in the development of transition metal catalysts and focus on a detailed description of recent progress in the field.
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Zhang XP, Wang HY, Zheng H, Zhang W, Cao R. O–O bond formation mechanisms during the oxygen evolution reaction over synthetic molecular catalysts. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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4
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Sutradhar M, Pombeiro AJ, da Silva JAL. Water oxidation with transition metal catalysts with non-innocent ligands and its mechanisms. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Van Caemelbecke E, Phan T, Osterloh WR, Kadish KM. Electrochemistry of metal-metal bonded diruthenium complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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6
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Kagalwala HN, Deshmukh MS, Ramasamy E, Nair N, Zhou R, Zong R, McCormik L, Chen PA, Thummel RP. Revisiting Dinuclear Ruthenium Water Oxidation Catalysts: Effect of Bridging Ligand Architecture on Catalytic Activity. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1806-1813. [PMID: 33464887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An attractive catalytic pathway for the conversion of water to oxygen would involve two metal oxide centers combining in a constructive sense to make O═O. This prospect makes the study of certain dinuclear transition metal complexes particularly attractive. In this work, we describe the design and synthesis of two symmetrical bis-tridentate polypyridine ligands 6 and 12 that bind two RuII centers at a separation of 3.6 Å in 7 and 5.7 Å in 13. In the presence of CeIV at pH = 1, these systems oxidize water with the system having the more proximal metals being more reactive. In the case of the more proximal metal centers, the bridging ligand is a 3,6-disubstituted pyridazine which, under the influence of CeIV, cleaves into two [Ru(bpc)(pic)2CH3CN]+ fragments (14) which then function as the actual catalyst (bpc = 2,2'-bipyridine-6-carboxylate, pic = 4-methylpyridine). The second dinuclear catalyst contains a central pyrimidine ring which is less sensitive to oxidative decay and hence less reactive. Caution is advised in the use of CeIV as a sacrificial electron acceptor due to unexpected oxidative decay of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husain N Kagalwala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Mahesh S Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Elamparuthi Ramasamy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Neelima Nair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Rongwei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ruifa Zong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Laura McCormik
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Po-An Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Randolph P Thummel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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7
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Kundu A, Dey SK, Dey S, Anoop A, Mandal S. Mononuclear Ruthenium-Based Water Oxidation Catalyst Supported by Anionic, Redox-Non-Innocent Ligand: Heterometallic O-O Bond Formation via Radical Coupling Pathway. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:1461-1470. [PMID: 31877037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerium(IV)-driven water oxidation catalysis mediated by a mononuclear ruthenium(III) complex, [Ru(L)(pic)3] (H3L = 2,2'-iminodibenzoic acid, pic = 4-methylpyridine), has been demonstrated in this work. The mechanistic details of water oxidation have been investigated by the combined use of spectroscopy, electrochemistry, kinetic analysis, and computational studies. It was found that water oxidation proceeds via formal high-valent RuVII species. The capability of accessing such a high-valent state is derived from the non-innocent behavior of the anionic tridentate ligand frame which helps in accumulation of oxidative equivalents in cooperation with metal center. This metal-ligand cooperation facilitates the multi-electron-transfer reaction such as water oxidation. Kinetic analysis suggests water oxidation at a single site of Ru where O-O bond formation occurs via radical-radical coupling pathway between the oxygen atom of ruthenium-oxo species and the oxygen atom of the hydroxocerium(IV) ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Kundu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Suman Kr Dey
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Subhasis Dey
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Sukanta Mandal
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
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8
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Silva JL, Unger I, Matias TA, Franco LR, Damas G, Costa LT, Toledo KCF, Rocha TCR, de Brito AN, Saak CM, Coutinho K, Araki K, Björneholm O, Brena B, Araujo CM. X-ray Photoelectron Fingerprints of High-Valence Ruthenium-Oxo Complexes along the Oxidation Reaction Pathway in an Aqueous Environment. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7636-7643. [PMID: 31747290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in operando-synchrotron-based X-ray techniques are making it possible to address fundamental questions related to complex proton-coupled electron transfer reactions, for instance, the electrocatalytic water splitting process. However, it is still a grand challenge to assess the ability of the different techniques to characterize the relevant intermediates, with minimal interference on the reaction mechanism. To this end, we have developed a novel methodology employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in connection with the liquid-jet approach to probe the electrochemical properties of a model electrocatalyst, [RuII(bpy)2(py)(OH2)]2+, in an aqueous environment. There is a unique fingerprint of the extremely important higher-valence ruthenium-oxo species in the XPS spectra along the oxidation reaction pathway. Furthermore, a sequential method combining quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics is used to illuminate the underlying physical chemistry of such systems. This study provides the basis for the future development of in-operando XPS techniques for water oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Silva
- Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy , Uppsala University , Box 516, 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Isaak Unger
- Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy , Uppsala University , Box 516, 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Tiago Araujo Matias
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry , University of São Paulo , Av. Lineu Prestes 748, Cidade Universitária, Butanta , Sao Paulo , SP 05508-000 , Brazil
| | - Leandro Rezende Franco
- Instituto de Física , Universidade de São Paulo , Cidade Universitária , 05508-090 São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Giane Damas
- Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy , Uppsala University , Box 516, 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Luciano T Costa
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Físico-química , Universidade Federal Fluminense , Outeiro de São João Batista s/n , CEP, 24020-150 Niterói , RJ , Brazil
| | - Kalil C F Toledo
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry , University of São Paulo , Av. Lineu Prestes 748, Cidade Universitária, Butanta , Sao Paulo , SP 05508-000 , Brazil
| | - Tulio C R Rocha
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) , Brazilian Center for Research on Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , P.O. Box 6192, 13083-970 Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Naves de Brito
- Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin" , University of Campinas , 13083-859 Campinas , SP , Brazil
| | - Clara-Magdalena Saak
- Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy , Uppsala University , Box 516, 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Kaline Coutinho
- Instituto de Física , Universidade de São Paulo , Cidade Universitária , 05508-090 São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Koiti Araki
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry , University of São Paulo , Av. Lineu Prestes 748, Cidade Universitária, Butanta , Sao Paulo , SP 05508-000 , Brazil
| | - Olle Björneholm
- Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy , Uppsala University , Box 516, 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Barbara Brena
- Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy , Uppsala University , Box 516, 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - C Moyses Araujo
- Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy , Uppsala University , Box 516, 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
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9
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Zahran ZN, Tsubonouchi Y, Mohamed EA, Yagi M. Recent Advances in the Development of Molecular Catalyst-Based Anodes for Water Oxidation toward Artificial Photosynthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1775-1793. [PMID: 30793506 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic water oxidation represents a bottleneck for developing artificial photosynthetic systems that store solar energy as renewable fuels. A variety of molecular water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) have been reported over the last two decades. In view of their applications in artificial photosynthesis devices, it is essential to immobilize molecular catalysts onto the surfaces of conducting/semiconducting supports for fabricating efficient and stable water oxidation anodes/photoanodes. Molecular WOC-based anodes are essential for developing photovoltaic artificial photosynthesis devices and, moreover, the performance of molecular WOC on anodes will provide important insight into designing extended molecular WOC-based photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. This Review concerns recent progress in the development of molecular WOC-based anodes over the last two decades and looks at the prospects for using such anodes in artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki N Zahran
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata, 9050-2181, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Yuta Tsubonouchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata, 9050-2181, Japan
| | - Eman A Mohamed
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata, 9050-2181, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata, 9050-2181, Japan
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10
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Zhang B, Sun L. Artificial photosynthesis: opportunities and challenges of molecular catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2216-2264. [PMID: 30895997 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00897c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular catalysis plays an essential role in both natural and artificial photosynthesis (AP). However, the field of molecular catalysis for AP has gradually declined in recent years because of doubt about the long-term stability of molecular-catalyst-based devices. This review summarizes the development history of molecular-catalyst-based AP, including the fundamentals of AP, molecular catalysts for water oxidation, proton reduction and CO2 reduction, and molecular-catalyst-based AP devices, and it provides an analysis of the advantages, challenges, and stability of molecular catalysts. With this review, we aim to highlight the following points: (i) an investigation on molecular catalysis is one of the most promising ways to obtain atom-efficient catalysts with outstanding intrinsic activities; (ii) effective heterogenization of molecular catalysts is currently the primary challenge for the application of molecular catalysis in AP devices; (iii) development of molecular catalysts is a promising way to solve the problems of catalysis involved in practical solar fuel production. In molecular-catalysis-based AP, much has been attained, but more challenges remain with regard to long-term stability and heterogenization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaobiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Recent advances in photoinduced catalysis for water splitting and environmental applications. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Zhang B, Sun L. Ru-bda: Unique Molecular Water-Oxidation Catalysts with Distortion Induced Open Site and Negatively Charged Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5565-5580. [PMID: 30889353 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A water-oxidation catalyst with high intrinsic activity is the foundation for developing any type of water-splitting device. To celebrate its 10 years anniversary, in this Perspective we focus on the state-of-the-art molecular water-oxidation catalysts (MWOCs), the Ru-bda series (bda = 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate), to offer strategies for the design and synthesis of more advanced MWOCs. The O-O bond formation mechanisms, derivatives, applications, and reasons behind the outstanding catalytic activities of Ru-bda catalysts are summarized and discussed. The excellent performance of the Ru-bda catalyst is owing to its unique structural features: the distortion induced 7-coordination and the carboxylate ligands with coordination flexibility, proton-transfer function as well as small steric hindrance. Inspired by the Ru-bda catalysts, we emphasize that the introduction of negatively charged groups, such as the carboxylate group, into ligands is an effective strategy to lower the onset potential of MWOCs. Moreover, distortion of the regular configuration of a transition metal complex by ligand design to generate a wide open site as the catalytic site for binding the substrate as an extra-coordination is proposed as a new concept for the design of efficient molecular catalysts. These inspirations can be expected to play a great role in not only water-oxidation catalysis but also other small molecule activation and conversion reactions involving artificial photosynthesis, such as CO2 reduction and N2 fixation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaobiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 10044 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 10044 Stockholm , Sweden.,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT) , 116024 Dalian , China
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13
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Kamdar JM, Grotjahn DB. An Overview of Significant Achievements in Ruthenium-Based Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030494. [PMID: 30704078 PMCID: PMC6385003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) are becoming increasingly disfavored as long-term energy options due to concerns of scarcity and environmental consequences (e.g., release of anthropogenic CO2). Hydrogen gas, on the other hand, has gained popularity as a clean-burning fuel because the only byproduct from its reaction with O2 is H2O. In recent decades, hydrogen derived from water splitting has been a topic of extensive research. The bottleneck of the water splitting reaction is the difficult water oxidation step (2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e−), which requires an effective and robust catalyst to overcome its high kinetic barrier. Research in water oxidation by molecular ruthenium catalysts enjoys a rich history spanning nearly 40 years. As the diversity of novel ligands continues to widen, the relationship between ligand geometry or electronics, and catalyst activity is undoubtedly becoming clearer. The present review highlights, in the authors’ opinion, some of the most impactful discoveries in the field and explores the evolution of ligand design that has led to the current state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayneil M Kamdar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University; San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA.
| | - Douglas B Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University; San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA.
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14
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Hirahara M, Goto H, Yamamoto R, Yagi M, Umemura Y. Photoisomerization and thermal isomerization of ruthenium aqua complexes with chloro-substituted asymmetric bidentate ligands. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2002-2010. [PMID: 35516112 PMCID: PMC9059708 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08943d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of ruthenium complexes with chloro-substituted bidentate ligands, proximal-[Ru(tpy)(Cl-pyqu)L] n+ [n = 1 for L = Cl, and n = 2 for L = OH2, tpy = 2,2';6',2''-terpyridine, pyqu = 2-(2'-pyridyl)quinoline] were synthesized and their reversible photoisomerizations and thermal isomerizations were investigated experimentally. The crystal structures of the complexes indicated that introduction of a chloro substituent at the 4- or 4'-position of the pyqu ligand did not change the structure around the metal center from that of the non-substituted complex, proximal-[Ru(tpy)(pyqu)L] n+. In contrast, the 6'-substituted complexes had sterically hindered environments around the metal center. The ruthenium aqua complexes showed reversible photoisomerization between the proximal and distal isomers. The quantum yield for photoisomerization of the 6'-substituted ruthenium aqua complex was almost twice as large as those of the other derivatives. This is explained by weakening of the ligand field on the ruthenium center by introduction of a chloro substituent at the 6'-position. Thermal back isomerization from the distal isomer to the proximal one was observed for the 6'-substituted complex, but such reactions were not observed for the other derivatives. The steric hindrance in the 6'-substituted aqua complex enhanced both thermal isomerization and photoisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Hirahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science, National Defense Academy of Japan Hashirimizu 1-10-20 Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Hiroki Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science, National Defense Academy of Japan Hashirimizu 1-10-20 Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Rei Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science, National Defense Academy of Japan Hashirimizu 1-10-20 Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University 8050 Ikarashi-2 Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Yasushi Umemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science, National Defense Academy of Japan Hashirimizu 1-10-20 Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
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15
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Thammavongsy Z, Mercer IP, Yang JY. Promoting proton coupled electron transfer in redox catalysts through molecular design. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10342-10358. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05139b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mini-review on using the secondary coordination sphere to facilitate multi-electron, multi-proton catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian P. Mercer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
| | - Jenny Y. Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
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16
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Dhiman R, Nagaraja CM. Photochemical oxidation of water catalysed by cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes bearing Schiff-base ligands. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02281c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, characterization and photochemical oxidation of water catalysed by cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes bearing Schiff-base ligands in the presence of Na2S2O8 and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as a PS has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Rupnagar 140001
- India
| | - C. M. Nagaraja
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Rupnagar 140001
- India
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17
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Daniel Q, Duan L, Timmer BJJ, Chen H, Luo X, Ambre R, Wang Y, Zhang B, Zhang P, Wang L, Li F, Sun J, Ahlquist M, Sun L. Water Oxidation Initiated by In Situ Dimerization of the Molecular Ru(pdc) Catalyst. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Daniel
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lele Duan
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian J. J. Timmer
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaodan Luo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ram Ambre
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Biaobiao Zhang
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peili Zhang
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fusheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116012 Dalian, China
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mårten Ahlquist
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Licheng Sun
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116012 Dalian, China
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18
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Li J, Wei Y, Chen XY, Zhu ZL, Gao Y. Development of a ruthenium multi-pyridine complex as photosensitizer for highly efficient light driven water oxidation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Lang P, Schwalbe M. Pacman Compounds: From Energy Transfer to Cooperative Catalysis. Chemistry 2017; 23:17398-17412. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lang
- Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-St. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Schwalbe
- Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-St. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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20
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Mechanistic Analysis of Water Oxidation Catalyst cis-[Ru(bpy)2(H2O)2]2+: Effect of Dimerization. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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21
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Dhiman R, Singh N, Ugale B, Nagaraja CM. Synthesis, crystal structure and water oxidation activity of [Ru(terpy)(bipy)Cl]+ complexes: influence of ancillary ligands on O2 generation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07186h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of four new complexes [RuII(MeMPTP)(bpy)Cl]PF6 (1), [RuII(MeMPTP)(dmbpy)Cl]PF6 (2), [RuII(MeMPTP)(dmdcbpy)Cl]PF6 (3) and [RuII(MeMPTP)(Pic)2Cl]PF6 (4) and their catalytic activity for chemical oxidation of water into O2 generation has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Rupnagar 140001
- India
| | - Namita Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Rupnagar 140001
- India
| | - Bharat Ugale
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Rupnagar 140001
- India
| | - C. M. Nagaraja
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Rupnagar 140001
- India
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22
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Patel J, Majee K, Ahmad E, Das B, Padhi SK. Effect of Pyridyl Substitution on Chemical and Photochemical Water Oxidation by [Ru(terpyridine)(bipyridine)(OH
2
)]
2+
Scaffolds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jully Patel
- Artificial Photosynthesis Lab Department of Applied Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) 826004 Dhanbad India
| | - Karunamay Majee
- Artificial Photosynthesis Lab Department of Applied Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) 826004 Dhanbad India
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Artificial Photosynthesis Lab Department of Applied Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) 826004 Dhanbad India
| | - Babulal Das
- Department of Chemistry IIT Guwahati 781039 Assam India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Padhi
- Artificial Photosynthesis Lab Department of Applied Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) 826004 Dhanbad India
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23
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Moonshiram D, Pineda-Galvan Y, Erdman D, Palenik M, Zong R, Thummel R, Pushkar Y. Uncovering the Role of Oxygen Atom Transfer in Ru-Based Catalytic Water Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15605-15616. [PMID: 27802032 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The realization of artificial photosynthesis carries the promise of cheap and abundant energy, however, significant advances in the rational design of water oxidation catalysts are required. Detailed information on the structure of the catalyst under reaction conditions and mechanisms of O-O bond formation should be obtained. Here, we used a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), stopped flow freeze quench on a millisecond-second time scale, X-ray absorption (XAS), resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) to follow the dynamics of the Ru-based single site catalyst, [RuII(NPM)(4-pic)2(H2O)]2+ (NPM = 4-t-butyl-2,6-di(1',8'-naphthyrid-2'-yl)pyridine, pic = 4-picoline), under the water oxidation conditions. We report a unique EPR signal with g-tensor, gx = 2.30, gy = 2.18, and gz = 1.83 which allowed us to observe fast dynamics of oxygen atom transfer from the RuIV═O oxo species to the uncoordinated nitrogen of the NPM ligand. In few seconds, the NPM ligand modification results in [RuIII(NPM-NO)(4-pic)2(H2O)]3+ and [RuIII(NPM-NO,NO)(4-pic)2]3+ complexes. A proposed [RuV(NPM)(4-pic)2═O]3+ intermediate was not detected under the tested conditions. We demonstrate that while the proximal base might be beneficial in O-O bond formation via nucleophilic water attack on an oxo species as shown by DFT, the noncoordinating nitrogen is impractical as a base in water oxidation catalysts due to its facile conversion to the N-O group. This study opens new horizons for understanding the real structure of Ru catalysts under water oxidation conditions and points toward the need to further investigate the role of the N-O ligand in promoting water oxidation catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yuliana Pineda-Galvan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Darren Erdman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mark Palenik
- Code 6189, Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Ruifa Zong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Randolph Thummel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Yulia Pushkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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24
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Kamdar JM, Marelius DC, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Smith DK, Grotjahn DB. Ruthenium Complexes of 2,2′-Bipyridine-6,6′-diphosphonate Ligands for Water Oxidation. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayneil M. Kamdar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; San Diego State University; 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182 USA
| | - David C. Marelius
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; San Diego State University; 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182 USA
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California San Diego; 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California San Diego; 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Diane K. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; San Diego State University; 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182 USA
| | - Douglas B. Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; San Diego State University; 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182 USA
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25
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Tong L, Thummel RP. Mononuclear ruthenium polypyridine complexes that catalyze water oxidation. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6591-6603. [PMID: 28567250 PMCID: PMC5450527 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02766k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in the development of molecular water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) in the context of developing a system that would accomplish artificial photosynthesis. Mononuclear ruthenium complexes with polypyridine ligands have drawn considerable attention in this regard, due to their high catalytic activity and relatively simple structure. In this perspective review, we will discuss mononuclear Ru polypyridine WOCs by organizing them into four groups according to their ligand environments. Each group will be discussed with regard to three fundamental questions: first, how does the catalyst initiate O-O bond formation? Second, which step in the catalytic cycle is rate-determining? Third, how efficient is the catalyst according to the specific descriptors such as turnover frequency? All discussion is based on the high-valent ruthenium intermediates that are proposed in the catalytic cycle according to experimental observation and theoretical simulation. Two fundamental mechanisms are set forth. An acid-base mechanism that involves the attack of a water molecule on the oxo of a high valent Ru 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 1111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 1111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 O species to form the O-O bond. Subsequent steps lead to dissociation of O2 and rehydration of the metal center. A second mechanism involves the formation of a Ru-O˙ radical species, two of which then couple to form a Ru-O-O-Ru species that can release O2 afterwards. The acid-base mechanism appears to be more common and mechanistic differences could result from variation directly related to polypyridine ligand structures. Understanding how electronic, steric, and conformational properties can effect catalyst performance will lead to the rational design of more effective WOCs with not only ruthenium but also other transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianpeng Tong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 112 Fleming Building , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , USA . ;
| | - Randolph P Thummel
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 112 Fleming Building , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , USA . ;
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26
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Davenport TC, Tilley TD. Dinuclear first-row transition metal complexes with a naphthyridine-based dinucleating ligand. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:12244-55. [PMID: 25420206 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of dinuclear and tetranuclear first-row transition metal complexes were synthesized with the dinucleating ligand 2,7-bis(di(2-pyridyl)fluoromethyl)-1,8-naphthyridine (DPFN). The coordination pocket and rigidity of the DPFN ligand enforces pseudo-octahedral geometries about the metal centers that contain chloro, hydroxo, and aqua bridging ligands forming a "diamond" shaped configuration with metal-metal distances varying from 2.7826(5) to 3.2410(11) Å. Each metal center in the dinuclear complexes has an additional open coordination site that accommodates terminal ligands in a syn geometry of particular interest in catalyst design. The complexes are characterized by electronic spectroscopy, electrochemistry and potentiometric titration methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Davenport
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
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27
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Kärkäs MD, Åkermark B. Catalytic Water Oxidation by Ruthenium Complexes Containing Negatively Charged Ligand Frameworks. CHEM REC 2016; 16:940-63. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
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28
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Rudd JA, Brennaman MK, Michaux KE, Ashford DL, Murray RW, Meyer TJ. Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Excited-State Properties of Three Ru(II) Quaterpyridine Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1845-52. [PMID: 26891090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The complexes [Ru(qpy)LL'](2+) (qpy = 2,2':6',2″:6″,2‴-quaterpyridine), with 1: L = acetonitrile, L'= chloride; 2: L = L'= acetonitrile; and 3: L = L'= vinylpyridine, have been prepared from [Ru(qpy) (Cl)2]. Their absorption spectra in CH3CN exhibit broad metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorptions arising from overlapping (1)A1 → (1)MLCT transitions. Photoluminescence is not observed at room temperature, but all three are weakly emissive in 4:1 ethanol/methanol glasses at 77 K with broad, featureless emissions observed between 600 and 1000 nm consistent with MLCT phosphorescence. Cyclic voltammograms in CH3CN reveal the expected Ru(III/II) redox couples. In 0.1 M trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 1 and 2 undergo aquation to give [Ru(II)(qpy)(OH2)2](2+), as evidenced by the appearance of waves for the couples [Ru(III)(qpy)(OH2)2](3+)/[Ru(II)(qpy)(OH2)2](2+), [Ru(IV)(qpy)(O)(OH2)](2+)/[Ru(III)(qpy)(OH2)2](3+), and [Ru(VI)(qpy)(O)2](2+)/[Ru(IV)(qpy)(O)(OH2)](2+) in cyclic voltammograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Rudd
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - M Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Katherine E Michaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Dennis L Ashford
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Royce W Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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29
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Neudeck S, Maji S, López I, Dechert S, Benet-Buchholz J, Llobet A, Meyer F. Establishing the Family of Diruthenium Water Oxidation Catalysts Based on the Bis(bipyridyl)pyrazolate Ligand System. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:2508-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Neudeck
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Somnath Maji
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països
Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Isidoro López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països
Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països
Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països
Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08460 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies
of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), Georg-August-University, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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30
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Gonawala S, Baydoun H, Wickramasinghe L, Verani CN. Efficient water oxidation with electromodified Langmuir–Blodgett films of procatalytic [CoIII(N2O3)] metallosurfactants on electrodes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8440-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03263j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Electromodified Langmuir–Blodgett films of a cobalt-based metallosurfactant support water oxidation at turnover numbers of up to 54 000 h−1.
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31
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Roeser S, Bozoglian F, Richmond CJ, League AB, Ertem MZ, Francàs L, Miró P, Benet-Buchholz J, Cramer CJ, Llobet A. Water oxidation catalysis with ligand substituted Ru–bpp type complexes. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of electronic effects over Ru–bpp water oxidation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Roeser
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- E-43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Fernando Bozoglian
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- E-43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Craig J. Richmond
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- E-43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Aaron B. League
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Mehmed Z. Ertem
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Laia Francàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- E-43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Pere Miró
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- E-43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- E-43007 Tarragona
- Spain
- Departament de Química
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32
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Patel J, Majee K, Padhi SK. [RuV(NCN-Me)(bpy)(O)]3+ mediated efficient photo-driven water oxidation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex [Ru(NCN-Me)(bpy)H2O](PF6)2 acts as an active catalyst for the photo-driven oxidation of water, when employed with [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as photosensitizer and Na2S2O8 as sacrificial electron acceptor at pH 6.5 phosphate buffer, with a TON of 130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jully Patel
- Artificial Photosynthesis Laboratory
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad
- India
| | - Karunamay Majee
- Artificial Photosynthesis Laboratory
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad
- India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Padhi
- Artificial Photosynthesis Laboratory
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad
- India
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33
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Kärkäs MD, Liao RZ, Laine TM, Åkermark T, Ghanem S, Siegbahn PEM, Åkermark B. Molecular ruthenium water oxidation catalysts carrying non-innocent ligands: mechanistic insight through structure–activity relationships and quantum chemical calculations. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01704a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein is highlighted how structure–activity relationships can be used to provide mechanistic insight into H2O oxidation catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- SE-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
| | - Tanja M. Laine
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- SE-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- SE-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Shams Ghanem
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- SE-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Per E. M. Siegbahn
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- SE-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- SE-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
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34
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Richmond CJ, Llobet A. Incorporation of a ruthenium–bis(pyridine)pyrazolate (Ru–bpp) water oxidation catalyst in a hexametallic macrocycle. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01077f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New terpyridine-functionalised analogues of the in,in-[{RuII(trpy)}2(μ-bpp)(H2O)2]3+ water oxidation catalyst (bpp = bis-(2-pyridyl)pyrazolate) have been synthesised and used to create a hexametallic {Fe2Ru4} macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J. Richmond
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- E-43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- E-43007 Tarragona
- Spain
- Departament de Química
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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35
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Wu H, Wu QY, Wang CZ, Lan JH, Liu ZR, Chai ZF, Shi WQ. New insights into the selectivity of four 1,10-phenanthroline-derived ligands toward the separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides: a DFT based comparison study. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:8107-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand the correlation between the chemical structures of N-ligands and Ln/An separation capability, we selected four phenanthroline-derived ligands as examples to probe why some ligands work whereas others fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- School of Nuclear Engineering and Geophysics
- East China Institute of Technology
- Nanchang 330013
- China
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
| | - Qun-Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Cong-Zhi Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Jian-Hui Lan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Zhi-Rong Liu
- School of Nuclear Engineering and Geophysics
- East China Institute of Technology
- Nanchang 330013
- China
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
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36
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Rafi UM, Mahendiran D, Haleel AK, Nankar RP, Doble M, Rahiman AK. New pyridazine-based binuclear nickel(ii), copper(ii) and zinc(ii) complexes as prospective anticancer agents. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexes containing diethylamino substituents exhibit promising cytotoxicity against the estrogen receptor (ER) negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummer Muhammed Rafi
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- The New College (Autonomous)
- Chennai-600 014
- India
| | - Dharmasivam Mahendiran
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- The New College (Autonomous)
- Chennai-600 014
- India
| | - Azees Khan Haleel
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- The New College (Autonomous)
- Chennai-600 014
- India
| | - Rakesh Pandeet Nankar
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600 036
- India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600 036
- India
| | - Aziz Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- The New College (Autonomous)
- Chennai-600 014
- India
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37
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Chemical, electrochemical and photochemical molecular water oxidation catalysts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 152:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Bis(iminopyridyl)phthalazine as a sterically hindered compartmental ligand for an M2 (M=Co, Ni, Fe, Zn) centre; Applications in ethylene oligomerisation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Hirahara M, Hakamata T, League AB, Ertem MZ, Takahashi K, Nagai S, Inaba K, Yamazaki H, Saito K, Yui T, Cramer CJ, Yagi M. Mechanisms and Factors Controlling Photoisomerization Equilibria, Ligand Exchange, and Water Oxidation Catalysis Capabilities of Mononuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Hirahara
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi‐2, Niigata 950‐2181, Japan, https://www.niigata‐u.ac.jp/index_e.html
| | - Tomoya Hakamata
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi‐2, Niigata 950‐2181, Japan, https://www.niigata‐u.ac.jp/index_e.html
| | - Aaron B. League
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455‐0431, USA
| | - Mehmed Z. Ertem
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455‐0431, USA
| | - Kosuke Takahashi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi‐2, Niigata 950‐2181, Japan, https://www.niigata‐u.ac.jp/index_e.html
| | - Sho Nagai
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi‐2, Niigata 950‐2181, Japan, https://www.niigata‐u.ac.jp/index_e.html
| | - Keisuke Inaba
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi‐2, Niigata 950‐2181, Japan, https://www.niigata‐u.ac.jp/index_e.html
| | - Hirosato Yamazaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi‐2, Niigata 950‐2181, Japan, https://www.niigata‐u.ac.jp/index_e.html
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi‐2, Niigata 950‐2181, Japan, https://www.niigata‐u.ac.jp/index_e.html
| | - Tatsuto Yui
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi‐2, Niigata 950‐2181, Japan, https://www.niigata‐u.ac.jp/index_e.html
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455‐0431, USA
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi‐2, Niigata 950‐2181, Japan, https://www.niigata‐u.ac.jp/index_e.html
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4‐1‐8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332‐0012, Japan
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry and
Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry and
Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry and
Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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41
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Wang Y, Ahlquist MSG. A computational study of the mechanism for water oxidation by (bpc)(bpy)Ru(II)OH2. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:13776-82. [PMID: 25103115 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic study on the catalytic cycle water oxidation with 1 [(bpc)(bpy)RuIIOH2]+ (Hbpc = 2,2′-bipyridine-6-carboxylic acid, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) is described in this paper. Stepwise oxidation via proton-coupled electron transfer gives 3 [(bpc)(bpy)RuIVO]+. An active 4 [(bpc)(bpy)RuVO]2+, which is involved in the OO bond formation is generated from further 1e− oxidation of 3. Another different possible reaction at 4 was investigated and new destructive paths involving overoxidation of the metal were identified. The most viable path for OO bond formation via a water nucleophilic attack at the oxo of 4 is found to be the rate-determining step in this water oxidation catalytic cycle, and the hydro-peroxo 6 [(bpc)(bpy)RuIIIOOH]+ is generated accompanied with a proton transfer. The super-oxo 7side-on [(bpc)(bpy)RuIVOO]+ and 8side-on [(bpc)(bpy)RuVOO]2+, both low spin species, are generated by further oxidations of 6. Through an intersystem crossing they can transform to their high spin states, 9end-on [(bpc)(bpy)RuIVOO]+ and 12end-on [(bpc)(bpy)RuVOO]2+, respectively. Following a dissociative pathway O2 is readily generated from both 9end-on and 12end-on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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42
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Ruminski RR, Kahrilas GA, Schauer BM. Synthesis and characterization of a series of ruthenium(II) complexes with a tetraazapolyaromatic tridentate ligand dipyrido (2,3- a :3′,2′- j )phenazine. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Arafa WAA, Kärkäs MD, Lee BL, Åkermark T, Liao RZ, Berends HM, Messinger J, Siegbahn PEM, Åkermark B. Dinuclear manganese complexes for water oxidation: evaluation of electronic effects and catalytic activity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:11950-64. [PMID: 24554036 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54800g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During recent years significant progress has been made towards the realization of a sustainable and carbon-neutral energy economy. One promising approach is photochemical splitting of H2O into O2 and solar fuels, such as H2. However, the bottleneck in such artificial photosynthetic schemes is the H2O oxidation half reaction where more efficient catalysts are required that lower the kinetic barrier for this process. In particular catalysts based on earth-abundant metals are highly attractive compared to catalysts comprised of noble metals. We have now synthesized a library of dinuclear Mn2(II,III) catalysts for H2O oxidation and studied how the incorporation of different substituents affected the electronics and catalytic efficiency. It was found that the incorporation of a distal carboxyl group into the ligand scaffold resulted in a catalyst with increased catalytic activity, most likely because of the fact that the distal group is able to promote proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) from the high-valent Mn species, thus facilitating O-O bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A A Arafa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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44
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Verho O, Åkermark T, Johnston EV, Gustafson KPJ, Tai CW, Svengren H, Kärkäs MD, Bäckvall JE, Åkermark B. Well-defined palladium nanoparticles supported on siliceous mesocellular foam as heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of water. Chemistry 2015; 21:5909-15. [PMID: 25777800 PMCID: PMC4464534 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the use of Pd nanoparticles immobilized on an amino-functionalized siliceous mesocellular foam for the catalytic oxidation of H2O. The Pd nanocatalyst proved to be capable of mediating the four-electron oxidation of H2O to O2, both chemically and photochemically. The Pd nanocatalyst is easy to prepare and shows high chemical stability, low leaching, and recyclability. Together with its promising catalytic activity, these features make the Pd nanocatalyst of potential interest for future sustainable solar-fuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Verho
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm (Sweden)
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45
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Younus HA, Su W, Ahmad N, Chen S, Verpoort F. Ruthenium Pincer Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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46
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Tong L, Zong R, Zhou R, Kaveevivitchai N, Zhang G, Thummel RP. Ruthenium catalysts for water oxidation involving tetradentate polypyridine-type ligands. Faraday Discuss 2015; 185:87-104. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of RuII complexes that behave as water oxidation catalysts were prepared involving a tetradentate equatorial ligand and two 4-substituted pyridines as the axial ligands. Two of these complexes were derived from 2,9-di-(pyrid-2′-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline (dpp) and examine the effect of incorporating electron-donating amino and bulky t-butyl groups on catalytic activity. A third complex replaced the two distal pyridines with N-methylimidazoles that are more electron-donating than the pyridines of dpp and potentially stabilize higher oxidation states of the metal. The tetradentate ligand 2-(pyrid-2′-yl)-6-(1′′,10′′-phenanthrol-2′′-yl)pyridine (bpy–phen), possessing a bonding cavity similar to dpp, was also prepared. The RuII complex of this ligand does not have two rotatable pyridines in the equatorial plane and thus shows different flexibility from the [Ru(dpp)] complexes. All the complexes showed activity towards water oxidation. Investigation of their catalytic behavior and electrochemical properties suggests that they may follow the same catalytic pathway as the prototype [Ru(dpp)pic2]2+ involving a seven-coordinated [RuIV(O)] intermediate. The influence of coordination geometry on catalytic performance is analyzed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianpeng Tong
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Ruifa Zong
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Rongwei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | | | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
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47
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López I, Maji S, Benet-Buchholz J, Llobet A. Oxo-bridge scenario behind single-site water-oxidation catalysts. Inorg Chem 2014; 54:658-66. [PMID: 25545406 DOI: 10.1021/ic502603e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-oxidation-state decay of mononuclear complexes [RuTB(H2O)](2+) (X(2+), where B = 2,2'-bpy or bpy for X = 1; B = 5,5'-F2-bpy for X = 2; B = 6,6'-F2-bpy for X = 3; T = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine) oxidized with a large excess of Ce(IV) generates a manifold of polynuclear oxo-bridged complexes. These include the following complexes: (a) dinuclear [TB-Ru(IV)-O-Ru(IV)-(T)(O)OH2](2+) (1-dn(4+)), [TB-Ru(III)-O-Ru(III)-T(MeCN)2](4+) (1-dn-N(4+)), and {[Ru(III)(trpy)(bpy)]2(μ-O)}(4+) (1-dm(4+)); (b) trinuclear {[Ru(III)(trpy)(bpy)(μ-O)]2Ru(IV)(trpy)(H2O)}(ClO4)5(6+) (1-tr(6+)) and {[Ru(III)(trpy)(bpy)(μ-O)]2Ru(IV)(pic)2}(ClO4)4 (1-tr-P(4+), where P is the 2-pyridinecarboxylate anion); and (c) tetranuclear [TB-Ru(III)-O-TRu(IV)(H2O)-O-TRu(IV)(H2O)-O-Ru(III)-TB](8+) (1-tn(8+)), [TB-Ru(III)-O-TRu(IV)(AcO)-O-TRu(IV)(AcO)-O-Ru(III)-TB](6+) (1-tn-Ac(6+)), and [TB-Ru(II)-O-TRu(IV)(MeCN)-O-TRu(IV)(MeCN)-O-Ru(II)-TB](6+) (1-tn-N(6+)). These complexes have been characterized structurally by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and their structural properties were correlated with their electronic structures. Dinuclear complex 1-dm(4+) has been further characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Addition of excess Ce(IV) to 1-dm(4+) generates dioxygen in a catalytic manner. However, resonance Raman spectroscopy points to the in situ formation of 1-dn(4+) as the active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidoro López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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48
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Kärkäs MD, Verho O, Johnston EV, Åkermark B. Artificial Photosynthesis: Molecular Systems for Catalytic Water Oxidation. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11863-2001. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400572f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1024] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Verho
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric V. Johnston
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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49
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Pushkar Y, Moonshiram D, Purohit V, Yan L, Alperovich I. Spectroscopic analysis of catalytic water oxidation by [Ru(II)(bpy)(tpy)H2O]2+ suggests that Ru(V)═O is not a rate-limiting intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11938-45. [PMID: 25130482 DOI: 10.1021/ja506586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Modern chemistry's grand challenge is to significantly improve catalysts for water splitting. Further progress requires detailed spectroscopic and computational characterization of catalytic mechanisms. We analyzed one of the most studied homogeneous single-site Ru catalysts, [Ru(II)(bpy)(tpy)H2O](2+) (where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, tpy = 2,2';6',2″-terpyridine). Our results reveal that the [Ru(V)(bpy)(tpy)═O](3+) intermediate, reportedly detected in catalytic mixtures as a rate-limiting intermediate in water activation, is not present as such. Using a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrate that 95% of the Ru complex in the catalytic steady state is of the form [Ru(IV)(bpy)(tpy)═O](2+). [Ru(V)(bpy)(tpy)═O](3+) was not observed, and according to density functional theory (DFT) analysis, it might be thermodynamically inaccessible at our experimental conditions. A reaction product with unique EPR spectrum was detected in reaction mixtures at about 5% and assigned to Ru(III)-peroxo species with (-OOH or -OO- ligands). We also analyzed the [Ru(II)(bpy)(tpy)Cl](+) catalyst precursor and confirmed that this molecule is not a catalyst and its oxidation past Ru(III) state is impeded by a lack of proton-coupled electron transfer. Ru-Cl exchange with water is required to form active catalysts with the Ru-H2O fragment. [Ru(II)(bpy)(tpy)H2O](2+) is the simplest representative of a larger class of water oxidation catalysts with neutral, nitrogen containing heterocycles. We expect this class of catalysts to work mechanistically in a similar fashion via [Ru(IV)(bpy)(tpy)═O](2+) intermediate unless more electronegative (oxygen containing) ligands are introduced in the Ru coordination sphere, allowing the formation of more oxidized Ru(V) intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Pushkar
- Department of Physics, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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50
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Anwar N, Sartorel A, Yaqub M, Wearen K, Laffir F, Armstrong G, Dickinson C, Bonchio M, McCormac T. Surface immobilization of a tetra-ruthenium substituted polyoxometalate water oxidation catalyst through the employment of conducting polypyrrole and the layer-by-layer (LBL) technique. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:8022-8031. [PMID: 24758586 DOI: 10.1021/am405295c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A tetra Ru-substituted polyoxometalate Na10[{Ru4O4(OH)2(H2O)4}(γ-SiW10O36)2] (Ru4POM) has been successfully immobilised onto glassy carbon electrodes and indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass slides through the employment of a conducting polypyrrole matrix and the layer-by-layer (LBL) technique. The resulting Ru4POM doped polypyrrole films showed stable redox behavior associated with the Ru centres within the Ru4POM, whereas, the POM's tungsten-oxo redox centres were not accessible. The films showed pH dependent redox behavior within the pH range 2-5 whilst exhibiting excellent stability towards redox cycling. The layer-by-layer assembly was constructed onto poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) modified carbon electrodes by alternate depositions of Ru4POM and a Ru(II) metallodendrimer. The resulting Ru4POM assemblies showed stable redox behavior for the redox processes associated with Ru4POM in the pH range 2-5. The charge transfer resistance of the LBL films was calculated through AC-Impedance. Surface characterization of both the polymer and LBL Ru4POM films was carried out using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Initial investigations into the ability of the Ru4POM LBL films to electrocatalytically oxidise water at pH 7 have also been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Anwar
- Electrochemistry Research Group, Department of Applied Science, Dundalk Institute of Technology , Dublin Road, Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland
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