1
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Hartman JD, Capistran D. Predicting 51V nuclear magnetic resonance observables in molecular crystals. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:416-428. [PMID: 38114304 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and quantum chemical density functional theory (DFT) calculations are widely used to characterize vanadium centers in biological and pharmaceutically relevant compounds. Several techniques have been recently developed to improve the accuracy of predicted NMR parameters obtained from DFT. Fragment-based and planewave-corrected methods employing hybrid density functionals are particularly effective tools for solid-state applications. A recent benchmark study involving molecular crystal compounds found that fragment-based NMR calculations using hybrid density functionals improve the accuracy of predicted 51V chemical shieldings by 20% relative to traditional planewave methods. This work extends the previous study, including a careful analysis of 51V chemical shift anisotropy, electric field gradient calculations, and a more extensive test set. The accuracy of planewave-corrected techniques and recently developed fragment-based methods using electrostatic embedding based on the polarized continuum model (PCM) are found to be highly competitive with previous methods. Planewave-corrected methods achieve a 34% improvement in the errors of predicted 51V chemical shieldings relative to planewave. Additionally, planewave-corrected and fragment-based calculations were performed using PCM embedding, improving the accuracy of predicted 51V chemical shielding (CS) tensor principal values by 30% andC q values by 15% relative to traditional planewave methods. The performance of these methods is further examined using a redox-active oxovandium complex and a common 51V NMR reference compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Hartman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Daniel Capistran
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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2
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Protonation of Chelidamic Acid: Thermodynamic Analysis and Crystal Structure. J SOLUTION CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-022-01164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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3
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Mathews A, Hartman JD. Accurate fragment-based 51-V chemical shift predictions in molecular crystals. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2021; 114:101733. [PMID: 34082261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2021.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy plays a crucial role in determining molecular structure for complex biological and pharmaceutical compounds. NMR investigations are increasingly reliant on computation for mapping spectral features to chemical structures. Here we benchmark the accuracy of fragment-based 51V chemical shielding tensor calculations using a training set comprised of 10 biologically and pharmaceutically relevant oxovanadium complexes. Using our self-consistent reproduction of the Madelung potential (SCRMP) electrostatic embedding model, we demonstrate comparable performance between fragment methods and computationally demanding cluster-based techniques. Specifically, fragment methods employing hybrid density functionals are capable of reproducing the experimental 51V isotropic chemical shifts with a training set rms error of ~9 ppm, representing a 20% improvement over traditional plane wave techniques. We provide training set-derived linear regression models for mapping the absolute shieldings obtained from computation to the experimentally determined chemical shifts using four common density functionals; PBE0, B3LYP, PBE, and BLYP. Finally, we establish the utility of fragment methods and the reported regression parameters examining four oxovanadium structures excluded from the training set including the tetracoordinate oxovanadium silicate [Formula: see text] , VO15NGlySalbz which contains redox-active ligands, and the solid-state form of the common 51V NMR reference compound VOCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Mathews
- Department of Chemistry, Mt. San Jacinto College, Menifee, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Hartman
- Department of Chemistry, Mt. San Jacinto College, Menifee, CA, USA.
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4
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Safaei E, Balaghi SE, Chiang L, Clarke RM, Martelino D, Webb MI, Wong EWY, Savard D, Walsby CJ, Storr T. Stabilization of different redox levels of a tridentate benzoxazole amidophenoxide ligand when bound to Co(iii) or V(v). Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13326-13336. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02865j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure of Co and V complexes of a tridentate benzoxazole-containing aminophenol ligand NNOH2 were characterized by both experimental and theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Safaei
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | | | - Linus Chiang
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- 8888 University Drive
- Burnaby
- Canada
| | - Ryan M. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- 8888 University Drive
- Burnaby
- Canada
| | - Diego Martelino
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- 8888 University Drive
- Burnaby
- Canada
| | - Michael I. Webb
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- 8888 University Drive
- Burnaby
- Canada
| | - Edwin W. Y. Wong
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- 8888 University Drive
- Burnaby
- Canada
| | - Didier Savard
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- 8888 University Drive
- Burnaby
- Canada
| | - Charles J. Walsby
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- 8888 University Drive
- Burnaby
- Canada
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- 8888 University Drive
- Burnaby
- Canada
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5
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Sullivan KP, Wieliczko M, Kim M, Yin Q, Collins-Wildman DL, Mehta AK, Bacsa J, Lu X, Geletii YV, Hill CL. Speciation and Dynamics in the [Co4V2W18O68]10–/Co(II)aq/CoOx Catalytic Water Oxidation System. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Marika Wieliczko
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Mooeung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Qiushi Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | | | - Anil K. Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xinlin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yurii V. Geletii
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Craig L. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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6
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Ternary pentagonal-bipyramidal oxovanadium(V) complexes containing five- and six-membered chelate rings: Syntheses, structures and properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Gupta R, Huang W, Francesconi LC, Polenova T. Effect of positional isomerism and vanadium substitution on 51V magic angle spinning NMR Spectra Of Wells-Dawson polyoxotungstates. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2017; 84:28-33. [PMID: 27998683 PMCID: PMC5466850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined the positional isomerism and vanadium substitution on the 51V magic angle spinning NMR spectra of potassium salts of vanadium-substituted polyoxotungstates of the Wells-Dawson series. NMR parameters of this class of catalytically active polyoxotungstates effect of are reported. Multiple species, indicative of differences in the local environment at the substitution sites, are observed in solid-state NMR spectra of the di- and tri- substituted complexes in contrast to solution NMR spectra, where single average chemical shift was observed. The quadrupolar and chemical shift anisotropy parameters depend strongly on the position and the degree of the vanadium substitution into the oxoanion core establishing 51V SATRAS NMR spectroscopy as a sensitive probe of the local electronic environment in these catalytically active solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lynn C Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York 10021, USA; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York 10016, USA.
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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8
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Gupta R, Yehl J, Li M, Polenova T. 51V magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations in vanadium bio-inorganic systems: current perspective. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, 51V magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy has been widely used to characterize vanadium centers in biology, biomimetic complexes, and inorganic compounds of medicinal and industrial relevance. It has been demonstrated that 51V NMR parameters are sensitive probes of the coordination geometry and chemical environment of the metal center, beyond the first coordination sphere. To establish the relationships between NMR parameters and structure of the vanadium centers, over the past decade a large series of coordination complexes have been analyzed by MAS NMR spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated that the interpretation of the NMR parameters requires the use of theoretical methods, such as density functional (DFT) theory, whereby the experimental NMR observables are linked to the electronic and structural properties of a molecule. DFT calculations have been successfully employed to not only predict NMR parameters but to also yield valuable information regarding the structure and function of various vanadium compounds. In this report, we review the current state of the field, and present a survey of bioinorganic vanadium complexes as well as vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases analyzed using 51V MAS NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, to illustrate the rich information content available from such a combined approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jenna Yehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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9
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Sheppard BJH, Shaver MP, Pearson JK. Assessment and Application of Density Functional Theory for the Prediction of Structure and Reactivity of Vanadium Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:8537-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J. H. Sheppard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason K. Pearson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE Canada C1A 4P3
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10
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Gupta R, Hou G, Renirie R, Wever R, Polenova T. 51V NMR Crystallography of Vanadium Chloroperoxidase and Its Directed Evolution P395D/L241V/T343A Mutant: Protonation Environments of the Active Site. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5618-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Gupta
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Guangjin Hou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Rokus Renirie
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam, POSTBUS
94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Wever
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam, POSTBUS
94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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11
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Li M, Yehl J, Hou G, Chatterjee PB, Goldbourt A, Crans DC, Polenova T. NMR Crystallography for Structural Characterization of Oxovanadium(V) Complexes: Deriving Coordination Geometry and Detecting Weakly Coordinated Ligands at Atomic Resolution in the Solid State. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:1363-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5022388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jenna Yehl
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Guangjin Hou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Pabitra B. Chatterjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Amir Goldbourt
- School
of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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12
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Hill DE, Vasdev N, Holland JP. Evaluating the accuracy of density functional theory for calculating 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts in drug molecules. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Vanadium complexes with side chain functionalized N-salicylidene hydrazides: Hydrogen-bonding relays as structural directive for supramolecular interactions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Crans DC, Tarlton ML, McLauchlan CC. Trigonal Bipyramidal or Square Pyramidal Coordination Geometry? Investigating the Most Potent Geometry for Vanadium Phosphatase Inhibitors. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Goncharova-Zapata O, Chatterjee PB, Hou G, Quinn LL, Li M, Yehl J, Crans DC, Polenova T. Effect of Ancillary Ligand on Electronic Structure as Probed by 51V Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy for Vanadium- o-Dioxolene Complexes. CrystEngComm 2013; 15. [PMID: 24353476 DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41322e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of vanadium(V) complexes with o-dioxolene (catecholato) ligands and an ancillary ligand, (N-(salicylideneaminato)ethylenediamine) (hensal), were investigated using 51V solid-state magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy (51V MAS NMR) to assess the local environment of the vanadium(V). The solid-state 51V NMR parameters of vanadium(V) complexes with a related potentially tetradentate ancillary ligand (N-salicylidene-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine) (h2shed) were previously shown to be associated with the size of the HOMO-LUMO gap in the complex, and as such provide insights on the interaction between metal ion and ligand (P. B. Chatterjee, et al., Inorg. Chem 50 (2011) 9794). Our results show that the modification of the ancillary ligand does not impact the observed trend between complexes ranging from catechols with electron rich to electron poor substituents. However, the ancillary ligand does impact the size of the HOMO-LUMO separation in the parent complex and thus the solid-state vanadium NMR chemical shift of the unsubstituted vanadium complex. For these complexes significant changes observed in the isotropic shifts and more modest changes detected in the CQ reflect the electronic changes in the complex as the catechol is varied. However, no obvious trend was observed in the chemical shift anisotropies (δσ and ησ) with the variation in the catechol. The electronic changes in the coordination environment of the vanadium can be described using solid-state 51V NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Goncharova-Zapata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. ; Tel. +1-302-831-1968
| | - Pabitra B Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA. Tel. +1-970-491-7635
| | - Guangjin Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. ; Tel. +1-302-831-1968
| | - Laurence L Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. ; Tel. +1-302-831-1968
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. ; Tel. +1-302-831-1968
| | - Jenna Yehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. ; Tel. +1-302-831-1968
| | - Debbie C Crans
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. ; Tel. +1-302-831-1968
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. ; Tel. +1-302-831-1968
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16
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Stylianou M, Nikolakis VA, Chilas GI, Jakusch T, Vaimakis T, Kiss T, Sigalas MP, Keramidas AD, Kabanos TA. Molybdenum(VI) Coordination Chemistry of the N,N-Disubstituted Bis(hydroxylamido)-1,3,5-triazine Ligand, H2bihyat. Water-Assisted Activation of the MoVI═O Bond and Reversible Dimerization of cis-[MoVIO2(bihyat)] to [MoVI2O4(bihyat)2(H2O)2]. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:13138-47. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301282q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marios Stylianou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678,
Cyprus
| | - Vladimiros A. Nikolakis
- Section of Inorganic
and Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - George I. Chilas
- Section of Inorganic
and Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Tamas Jakusch
- Department of Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tiverios Vaimakis
- Section of Inorganic
and Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Department of Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michael P. Sigalas
- Laboratory of Applied Quantum
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki
54124, Greece
| | | | - Themistoklis A. Kabanos
- Section of Inorganic
and Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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17
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Chatterjee PB, Goncharov-Zapata O, Hou G, Dmitrenko O, Polenova T, Crans DC. Redox Activity in a Vanadium(V)-o-Dioxolene Complex Is Modulated by Protonation State As Indicated by51V Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Sanna D, Buglyó P, Bíró L, Micera G, Garribba E. Coordinating Properties of Pyrone and Pyridinone Derivatives, Tropolone and Catechol toward the VO2+ Ion: An Experimental and Computational Approach. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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How environment affects drug activity: Localization, compartmentalization and reactions of a vanadium insulin-enhancing compound, dipicolinatooxovanadium(V). Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Willsky GR, Chi LH, Godzala M, Kostyniak PJ, Smee JJ, Trujillo AM, Alfano JA, Ding W, Hu Z, Crans DC. Anti-diabetic effects of a series of vanadium dipicolinate complexes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Coord Chem Rev 2011; 255:2258-2269. [PMID: 23049138 PMCID: PMC3461829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of oral treatment of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes with a range of vanadium dipicolinate complexes (Vdipic) and derivatives are reviewed. Structure-reactivity relationships are explored aiming to correlate properties such as stability, to their insulin-enhancing effects. Three types of modifications are investigated; first, substitutions on the aromatic ring, second, coordination of a hydroxylamido group to the vanadium, and third, changes in the oxidation state of the vanadium ion. These studies allowed us to address the importance of coordination chemistry, and redox chemistry, as modes of action. Dipicolinate was originally chosen as a ligand because the dipicolinatooxovanadium(V) complex (V5dipic), is a potent inhibitor of phosphatases. The effect of vanadium oxidation state (3, 4 or 5), on the insulin-enhancing properties was studied in both the Vdipic and VdipicCl series. Effects on blood glucose, body weight, serum lipids, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase were selectively monitored. Statistically distinct differences in activity were found, however, the trends observed were not the same in the Vdipic and VdipicCl series. Interperitoneal administration of the Vdipic series was used to compare the effect of administration mode. Correlations were observed for blood vanadium and plasma glucose levels after V5dipic treatment, but not after treatment with corresponding V4dipic and V3dipic complexes. Modifications of the aromatic ring structure with chloride, amine or hydroxyl groups had limited effects. Global gene expression was measured using Affymetrix oligonucleotide chips. All diabetic animals treated with hydroxyl substituted V5dipic (V5dipicOH) and some diabetic rats treated with vanadyl sulfate had normalized hyperlipidemia yet uncontrolled hyperglycemia and showed abnormal gene expression patterns. In contrast to the normal gene expression profiles previously reported for some diabetic rats treated with vanadyl sulfate, where both hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia were normalized. Modification of the metal, changing the coordination chemistry to form a hydroxylamine ternary complex, had the most influence on the anti-diabetic action. Vanadium absorption into serum was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy for selected vanadium complexes. Only diabetic rats treated with the ternary V5dipicOH hydroxylamine complex showed statistically significant increases in accumulation of vanadium into serum compared to diabetic rats treated with vanadyl sulfate. The chemistry and physical properties of the Vdipic complexes correlated with their anti-diabetic properties. Here, we propose that compound stability and ability to interact with cellular redox reactions are key components for the insulin-enhancing activity of vanadium compounds. Specifically, we found that the most overall effective anti-diabetic Vdipic compounds were obtained when the compound administered had an increased coordination number in the vanadium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail R. Willsky
- University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Lai-Har Chi
- University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Michael Godzala
- University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Paul J. Kostyniak
- University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Jason J. Smee
- Present Address: Dept of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins CO, USA
| | | | - Josephine A. Alfano
- University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Wenjin Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihua Hu
- University at Buffalo, Center for Computational Research, Buffalo NY USA
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins CO, USA
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21
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Fenn A, Wächtler M, Breitzke H, Buchholz A, Lippold I, Plass W, Buntkowsky G. A simple method for analyzing 51V solid-state NMR spectra of complex systems. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2011; 40:60-65. [PMID: 21601435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Five vanadium complexes as models for biological systems were investigated using (51)V-MAS-NMR spectroscopy. All spectra show an uncommon line shape, which can be attributed to a shorter relaxation time of the satellite transition in contrast to the central one. A method for the reliable analysis of such kind of spectra is presented for the first time and the most important NMR parameters of the investigated complexes (quadrupolar coupling constant C(Q), asymmetry of the EFG tensor η(Q), isotropic chemical shift δ(iso), chemical shift anisotropy δ(σ) and asymmetry of the CSA tensor η(σ)) are presented. These results are of particular importance with respect to the analysis of the (51)V-MAS-NMR spectra of vanadium moieties in biological matrices such as vanadium chloroperoxidase, which show hitherto unexplained low intensity of the satellite sideband pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Fenn
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
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22
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Chatterjee PB, Goncharov-Zapata O, Quinn LL, Hou G, Hamaed H, Schurko RW, Polenova T, Crans DC. Characterization of noninnocent metal complexes using solid-state NMR spectroscopy: o-dioxolene vanadium complexes. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:9794-803. [PMID: 21842875 DOI: 10.1021/ic200046k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(51)V solid-state NMR (SSNMR) studies of a series of noninnocent vanadium(V) catechol complexes have been conducted to evaluate the possibility that (51)V NMR observables, quadrupolar and chemical shift anisotropies, and electronic structures of such compounds can be used to characterize these compounds. The vanadium(V) catechol complexes described in these studies have relatively small quadrupolar coupling constants, which cover a surprisingly small range from 3.4 to 4.2 MHz. On the other hand, isotropic (51)V NMR chemical shifts cover a wide range from -200 to 400 ppm in solution and from -219 to 530 ppm in the solid state. A linear correlation of (51)V NMR isotropic solution and solid-state chemical shifts of complexes containing noninnocent ligands is observed. These experimental results provide the information needed for the application of (51)V SSNMR spectroscopy in characterizing the electronic properties of a wide variety of vanadium-containing systems and, in particular, those containing noninnocent ligands and that have chemical shifts outside the populated range of -300 to -700 ppm. The studies presented in this report demonstrate that the small quadrupolar couplings covering a narrow range of values reflect the symmetric electronic charge distribution, which is also similar across these complexes. These quadrupolar interaction parameters alone are not sufficient to capture the rich electronic structure of these complexes. In contrast, the chemical shift anisotropy tensor elements accessible from (51)V SSNMR experiments are a highly sensitive probe of subtle differences in electronic distribution and orbital occupancy in these compounds. Quantum chemical (density functional theory) calculations of NMR parameters for [VO(hshed)(Cat)] yield a (51)V chemical shift anisotropy tensor in reasonable agreement with the experimental results, but surprisingly the calculated quadrupolar coupling constant is significantly greater than the experimental value. The studies demonstrate that substitution of the catechol ligand with electron-donating groups results in an increase in the HOMO-LUMO gap and can be directly followed by an upfield shift for the vanadium catechol complex. In contrast, substitution of the catechol ligand with electron-withdrawing groups results in a decrease in the HOMO-LUMO gap and can directly be followed by a downfield shift for the complex. The vanadium catechol complexes were used in this work because (51)V is a half-integer quadrupolar nucleus whose NMR observables are highly sensitive to the local environment. However, the results are general and could be extended to other redox-active complexes that exhibit coordination chemistry similar to that of the vanadium catechol complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabitra B Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, USA
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23
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Micera G, Garribba E. The Effect of Trigonal Bipyramidal Distortion of Pentacoordinate VIVO2+ Species on their Structural, Electronic and Spectroscopic Parameters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Paramasivam S, Balakrishnan A, Dmitrenko O, Godert A, Begley TP, Jordan F, Polenova T. Solid-state NMR and density functional theory studies of ionization states of thiamin. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:730-6. [PMID: 21175136 PMCID: PMC3227141 DOI: 10.1021/jp109765b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) is a key coenzyme in sugar metabolism. The 4'-aminopyrimidine ring of ThDP cycles through several ionization and tautomeric states during enzyme catalysis, but it is not fully understood which states are adopted during the individual steps of the catalytic cycle. Thiamin has been synthesized with labels selectively inserted into the C2 and C6' positions, as well as into the amino group, creating [C2, C6'-(13)C(2)] thiamin and [N4'-(15)N] thiamin. Magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy has been employed to record the (13)C and (15)N chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensors for C2, C6', and N4' atoms. Our results indicate that the isotropic chemical shifts as well as the principal components of the (13)C and (15)N CSA tensors are very sensitive to the protonation states in these compounds and, therefore, permit differentiating between the two ionization states, 4-aminopyrimidine and 4-aminopyrimidinium. Using density functional theory (DFT), we have calculated the magnetic shielding anisotropy tensors of C2, C6', and N4' and found excellent agreement between the computed and the experimental tensors. Our findings indicate that MAS NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with DFT calculations is a sensitive probe of ionization states in the thiamin cofactor. The results of this study will serve as a guide for characterization of ionization and tautomeric states of thiamin in complexes with thiamin-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Paramasivam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Anand Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Olga Dmitrenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Amy Godert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Tadhg P. Begley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
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25
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Multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional theoretical studies on the structure of bisperoxovanadium complexes with bidentate donors. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Zeng B, Bao J, Cai S, Fu R, Chen Z. The structure, stability, and reactivity of oxalato-monoperoxovanadium(V) in solution. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.510184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birong Zeng
- a College of Materials, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- a College of Materials, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuhui Cai
- b Department of Physics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Riqiang Fu
- c National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- b Department of Physics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
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27
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Zhu J, Huang Y. Solid-state 51V NMR investigation of the intercalation of alkylamines into layered alpha-vanadyl phosphate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:10115-10121. [PMID: 20356027 DOI: 10.1021/la100232s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The intercalation behavior of layered alpha-phase vanadyl phosphate, alpha-VOPO(4).2H(2)O (alpha-VP), with alkylamine was investigated by (51)V solid-state NMR in combination with powder XRD. The XRD results show that the amines form bimolecular layers upon intercalation. For the intercalation with short chain amines (propylamine, pentylamine, and hexylamine), the C-C chain of the amines is tilted with respect to the inorganic basal plane. The amines with a longer alkyl chain (dodecylamine and hexadecylamine) tend to adopt an orientation where the C-C chain direction is perpendicular to the VP layer. For the amine with eight carbon atoms (octylamine), the intercalation results in two coexisting phases with different chain orientations. (51)V solid-state NMR was used to directly probe the effect of intercalation on the metal center environments. Both (51)V magic-angle spinning and static spectra of alpha-VP intercalated with different amines were obtained at different magnetic fields, and they are sensitive to intercalation. The intercalation induces the (51)V isotropic chemical shift to move toward deshielded direction. (51)V chemical shielding parameters such as the span are sensitive to the orientation of the amine chain with respect to the VP basal plane. For the V centers interacting with the amines having a tilted orientation, the (51)V span gradually decreases with increasing alkyl chain length. However, the span of the (51)V atoms interacting with the amines perpendicular to the VP layer is larger and independent of the length of the alkyl chain. The (51)V NMR data indicate that for the alpha-VPs intercalated with long-chain amines, such as dodecylamine and hexadecylamine, the amines can assume both tilted and perpendicular orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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28
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Zeng B, Shen T, Wu A, Cai S, Yu X, Xu X, Chen Z. Spectroscopic and DFT Study on the Interaction System of Vanadium with l-Proline in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:5211-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birong Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tonghao Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Anan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuhui Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xianyong Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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29
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Nikolakis VA, Exarchou V, Jakusch T, Woolins JD, Slawin AMZ, Kiss T, Kabanos TA. Tris-(hydroxyamino)triazines: high-affinity chelating tridentate O,N,O-hydroxylamine ligand for the cis-VVO2+ cation. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:9032-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00574f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Nikolakis VA, Stathopoulos P, Exarchou V, Gallos JK, Kubicki M, Kabanos TA. Unexpected Synthesis of an Unsymmetrical μ-Oxido Divanadium(V) Compound through a Reductive Cleavage of a N−O Bond and Cleavage-Hydrolysis of a C−N Bond of an N,N-Disubstituted Bis-(hydroxylamino) Ligand. Inorg Chem 2009; 49:52-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901809f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimiros A. Nikolakis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Stathopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | | | - John K. Gallos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maciej Kubicki
- Adam Mickiewicz University Grunwaldzka 6,60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Themistoklis A. Kabanos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece
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31
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Zeng B, Zhang J, Fu R, Cai S, Chen Z. Study on structural variation of oxalate-oxodiperoxovanadate(V) from solid state to solution using NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2009.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Fenn A, Wächtler M, Gutmann T, Breitzke H, Buchholz A, Lippold I, Plass W, Buntkowsky G. Correlations between (51)V solid-state NMR parameters and chemical structure of vanadium (V) complexes as models for related metalloproteins and catalysts. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2009; 36:192-201. [PMID: 20045295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The parameters describing the quadrupolar and CSA interactions of 51V solid-state MAS NMR investigations of model complexes mimicking vanadoenzymes as well as vanadium containing catalysts and enzyme complexes are interpreted with respect to the chemical structure. The interpretation is based on the data of 15 vanadium complexes including two new complexes with previously unpublished data and 13 complexes with data previously published by us. Correlations between the chemical structure and the 51V solid-state NMR data of this class of compounds have been established. Especially for the isotropic chemical shift delta(iso) and the chemical shift anisotropy delta(sigma), correlations with specific structural features like the coordination number of the vanadium atom, the number of coordinating nitrogens, the number of oxygen atoms and the chemical surrounding of the complex could be established for these compounds. Moreover, quantitative correlations between the solid-state NMR parameters and specific bond angles and bond lengths have been obtained. Our results can be of particular interest for future investigations concerning the structure and the mode of action of related vanadoenzymes and vanadate protein assemblies, including the use of vanadate adducts as transition state analogs for phosphate metabolizing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Fenn
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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33
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Cramer CJ, Truhlar DG. Density functional theory for transition metals and transition metal chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:10757-816. [PMID: 19924312 DOI: 10.1039/b907148b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1063] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We introduce density functional theory and review recent progress in its application to transition metal chemistry. Topics covered include local, meta, hybrid, hybrid meta, and range-separated functionals, band theory, software, validation tests, and applications to spin states, magnetic exchange coupling, spectra, structure, reactivity, and catalysis, including molecules, clusters, nanoparticles, surfaces, and solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA.
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34
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Gutmann T, Schweitzer A, Wächtler M, Breitzke H, Buchholz A, Plass W, Buntkowsky G. DFT Calculations of 51V Solid-State NMR Parameters of Vanadium(V) Model Complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2008.5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Two cis-dioxovanadium(V) complexes and three monooxovanadium(V) complexes with different coordination numbers and ligand spheres, serving as model complexes for vanadium haloperoxidases, were studied by 51V solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The most important 51V solid-state NMR parameters (quadrupolar coupling constant C
Q
, asymmetry of the EFG tensor η
Q
, isotropic chemical shift δ
iso
, chemical shift anisotropy δ
σ
, asymmetry of the CSA tensor η
σ
and the Euler angles α, β and γ) describing the quadrupolar and chemical shift anisotropy interactions were determined theoretically with DFT methods employing the B3LYP functional and experimentally using genetic fitting algorithms. Calculations of δ
iso
values were treated with different referencing values of VOCl3 computed with different-sized basis sets using the “counterpoise method”. The calculated C
Q
values were discussed in terms of the quadrupolar moment Q. Absolute tensor orientations of CSA and EFG tensors were computed by DFT. These orientations were found to correlate to structural features of the model complexes.
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35
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Nakashima TT, Teymoori R, Wasylishen RE. Using hyperbolic secant pulses to assist characterization of chemical shift tensors for half-integer spin quadrupolar nuclei in MAS powder samples. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2009; 47:465-471. [PMID: 19274677 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the NMR anisotropic magnetic shielding parameters from magic angle spinning, MAS, powder samples containing half-integer spin quadrupolar nuclei is achieved by analysis of the difference spectrum obtained with and without application of a hyperbolic secant pulse. Application of a hyperbolic secant pulse to any spinning sideband associated with the central transition, m(I) = 1/2 to m(I) = - 1/2, results in 'saturation' of the entire central transition manifold. Similarly, if one spinning sideband associated with the m(I) = 3/2 to m(I) = 1/2 and m(I) = - 1/2 to m(I) = - 3/2 satellite transitions is perturbed, the entire satellite manifold associated with these transitions is 'saturated' while the central transition is enhanced by population transfer. Three 'difference spectrum' techniques are employed to selectively yield the spinning sidebands associated predominantly from the central transition. The success of these difference techniques is first demonstrated by examining (51)V NMR spectra of three metavanadate salts and (59)Co NMR spectra of Co(acac)(3). The vanadium and cobalt chemical shift tensors in these compounds have spans between 400 and 1400 ppm. Because the hyperbolic secant techniques proposed here yielded results that are in good agreement with earlier reports, they have been applied to characterize the (51)V chemical shift tensor of the dimer of bis(N, N-dimethylhydroxamido)-hydroxooxovanadate, {V(O)(ONMe(2))(2)}(2)O, whose chemical shift tensor has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T Nakashima
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2, Canada
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36
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Ooms KJ, Bolte SE, Baruah B, Choudhary MA, Crans DC, Polenova T. (51)V solid-state NMR and density functional theory studies of eight-coordinate non-oxo vanadium complexes: oxidized amavadin. Dalton Trans 2009:3262-9. [PMID: 19421628 PMCID: PMC4212903 DOI: 10.1039/b820383k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using (51)V magic angle spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations we have characterized the chemical shift and quadrupolar coupling parameters for two eight-coordinate vanadium complexes, [PPh(4)][V(v)(HIDPA)(2)] and [PPh(4)][V(v)(HIDA)(2)]; HIDPA = 2,2'-(hydroxyimino)dipropionate and HIDA = 2,2'-(hydroxyimino)diacetate. The coordination geometry under examination is the less common non-oxo eight coordinate distorted dodecahedral geometry that has not been previously investigated by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Both complexes were isolated by oxidizing their reduced forms: [V(iv)(HIDPA)(2)](2-) and [V(iv)(HIDA)(2)](2-). V(iv)(HIDPA)(2)(2-) is also known as amavadin, a vanadium-containing natural product present in the Amanita muscaria mushroom and is responsible for vanadium accumulation in nature. The quadrupolar coupling constants, C(Q), are found to be moderate, 5.0-6.4 MHz while the chemical shift anisotropies are relatively small for vanadium complexes, -420 and -360 ppm. The isotropic chemical shifts in the solid state are -220 and -228 ppm for the two compounds, and near the chemical shifts observed in solution. Presumably this is a consequence of the combined effects of the increased coordination number and the absence of oxo groups. Density functional theory calculations of the electric field gradient parameters are in good agreement with the NMR results while the chemical shift parameters show some deviation from the experimental values. Future work on this unusual coordination geometry and a combined analysis by solid-state NMR and density functional theory should provide a better understanding of the correlations between experimental NMR parameters and the local structure of the vanadium centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher J. Ooms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 036 Brown Laboratories, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Stephanie E. Bolte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 036 Brown Laboratories, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Bharat Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Muhammad Aziz Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 036 Brown Laboratories, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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37
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Li M, Ding W, Smee JJ, Baruah B, Willsky GR, Crans DC. Anti-diabetic effects of vanadium(III, IV, V)–chlorodipicolinate complexes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biometals 2009; 22:895-905. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-009-9241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Anti-diabetic effects of sodium 4-amino-2,6-dipicolinatodioxovanadium(V) dihydrate in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 103:585-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 11/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Wächtler M, Schweitzer A, Gutmann T, Breitzke H, Buntkowsky G. Efficient analysis of (51)V solid-state MAS NMR spectra using genetic algorithms. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2009; 35:37-48. [PMID: 19128946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A program for iterative fitting procedures to determine the NMR parameters from (51)V solid-state MAS NMR spectra was developed. It contains options to use genetic algorithms and downhill-simplex optimizing procedures to extract the optimal parameter sets, which describe our spectra. As computational kernel the SIMPSON program is employed. Other kernels like SPINEVOLUTION are easily incorporable. The algorithms are checked for their suitability for the present optimization problem and optimal simulation conditions are determined, with the focus on minimal processing time. The procedure leads to a very good agreement between experimental and simulated spectra in a passable period of time. First results for spectra of model compounds for the active site of vanadium haloperoxidases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wächtler
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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40
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Smee JJ, Epps JA, Ooms K, Bolte SE, Polenova T, Baruah B, Yang L, Ding W, Li M, Willsky GR, la Cour A, Anderson OP, Crans DC. Chloro-substituted dipicolinate vanadium complexes: synthesis, solution, solid-state, and insulin-enhancing properties. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 103:575-84. [PMID: 19201030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2008] [Revised: 12/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Three vanadium complexes of chlorodipicolinic acid (4-chloro-2,6-dipicolinic acid) in oxidation states III, IV, and V were prepared and their properties characterized across the oxidation states. In addition, the series of hydroxylamido, methylhydroxylamido, dimethylhydroxylamido, and diethylhydroxylamido complexes were prepared from the chlorodipicolinato dioxovanadium(V) complex. The vanadium(V) compounds were characterized in solution by (51)V and (1)H NMR and in the solid-state by X-ray diffraction and (51)V NMR. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed to evaluate the experimental parameters and further describes the electronic structure of the complex. The small structural changes that do occur in bond lengths and angles and partial charges on different atoms are minor compared to the charge features that are responsible for the majority of the electric field gradient tensor. The EPR parameters of the vanadium(IV) complex were characterized and compared to the corresponding dipicolinate complex. The chemical properties of the chlorodipicolinate compounds are discussed and correlated with their insulin-enhancing activity in streptozoticin (STZ) induced diabetic Wistar rats. The effect of the chloro-substitution on lowering diabetic hyperglycemia was evaluated and differences were found depending on the compounds oxidation state similar as was observed for the vanadium III, IV and V dipicolinate complexes (P. Buglyo, D.C. Crans, E.M. Nagy, R.L. Lindo, L. Yang, J.J. Smee, W. Jin, L.-H. Chi, M.E. Godzala III, G.R. Willsky, Inorg. Chem. 44 (2005) 5416-5427). However, a linear correlation of oxidation states with efficacy was not observed, which suggests that the differences in mode of action are not simply an issue of redox equivalents. Importantly, our results contrast the previous observation with the vanadium-picolinate complexes, where the halogen substituents increased the insulin-enhancing properties of the complex (T. Takino, H. Yasui, A. Yoshitake, Y. Hamajima, R. Matsushita, J. Takada, H. Sakurai, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 6 (2001) 133-142).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Smee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
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Nikolakis VA, Tsalavoutis JT, Stylianou M, Evgeniou E, Jakusch T, Melman A, Sigalas MP, Kiss T, Keramidas AD, Kabanos TA. Vanadium(V) Compounds with the Bis-(hydroxylamino)-1,3,5-triazine Ligand, H2bihyat: Synthetic, Structural, and Physical Studies of [V2VO3(bihyat)2] and of the Enhanced Hydrolytic Stability Species cis-[VVO2(bihyat)]−. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:11698-710. [DOI: 10.1021/ic801411x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimiros A. Nikolakis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - John T. Tsalavoutis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marios Stylianou
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Evgenios Evgeniou
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamas Jakusch
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Artem Melman
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michael P. Sigalas
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anastasios D. Keramidas
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Themistoklis A. Kabanos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Schweitzer A, Gutmann T, Wächtler M, Breitzke H, Buchholz A, Plass W, Buntkowsky G. (51)V solid-state NMR investigations and DFT studies of model compounds for vanadium haloperoxidases. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2008; 34:52-67. [PMID: 18342494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Three cis-dioxovanadium(V) complexes with similar N-salicylidenehydrazide ligands modeling hydrogen bonding interactions of vanadate relevant for vanadium haloperoxidases are studied by (51)V solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Their parameters describing the quadrupolar and chemical shift anisotropy interactions (quadrupolar coupling constant C(Q), asymmetry of the quadrupolar tensor eta(Q), isotropic chemical shift delta(iso), chemical shift anisotropy delta(sigma), asymmetry of the chemical shift tensor eta(sigma) and the Euler angles alpha, beta and gamma) are determined both experimentally and theoretically using DFT methods. A comparative study of different methods to determine the NMR parameters by numerical simulation of the spectra is presented. Detailed theoretical investigations on the DFT level using various basis sets and structural models show that by useful choice of the methodology, the calculated parameters agree to the experimental ones in a very good manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Schweitzer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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43
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Nica S, Buchholz A, Rudolph M, Schweitzer A, Wächtler M, Breitzke H, Buntkowsky G, Plass W. Mixed-Ligand Oxidovanadium(V) Complexes withN′-Salicylidenehydrazides: Synthesis, Structure, and51V Solid-State MAS NMR Investigation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Bolte SE, Ooms KJ, Polenova T, Baruah B, Crans DC, Smee JJ. 51V solid-state NMR and density functional theory studies of vanadium environments in V(V)O2 dipicolinic acid complexes. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:052317. [PMID: 18266434 DOI: 10.1063/1.2830239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(51)V solid-state NMR and density functional theory (DFT) investigations are reported for a series of pentacoordinate dioxovanadium(V)-dipicolinate [V(V)O(2)-dipicolinate] and heptacoordinate aquahydroxylamidooxovanadium(V)-dipicolinate [V(V)O-dipicolinate] complexes. These compounds are of interest because of their potency as phosphatase inhibitors as well as their insulin enhancing properties and potential for the treatment of diabetes. Experimental solid-state NMR results show that the electric field gradient tensors in the V(V)O(2)-dipicolinate derivatives are affected significantly by substitution on the dipicolinate ring and range from 5.8 to 8.3 MHz. The chemical shift anisotropies show less dramatic variations with respect to the ligand changes and range between -550 and -600 ppm. To gain insights on the origins of the NMR parameters, DFT calculations were conducted for an extensive series of the V(V)O(2)- and V(V)O-dipicolinate complexes. To assess the level of theory required for the accurate calculation of the (51)V NMR parameters, different functionals, basis sets, and structural models were explored in the DFT study. It is shown that the original x-ray crystallographic geometries, including all counterions and solvation water molecules within 5 A of the vanadium, lead to the most accurate results. The choice of the functional and the basis set at a high level of theory has a relatively minor impact on the outcome of the chemical shift anisotropy calculations; however, the use of large basis sets is necessary for accurate calculations of the quadrupole coupling constants for several compounds of the V(V)O(2) series. These studies demonstrate that even though the vanadium compounds under investigations exhibit distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometry, they have a "perfect" trigonal bipyramidal electronic environment. This observation could potentially explain why vanadate and vanadium(V) adducts are often recognized as potent transition state analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Bolte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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45
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Smee JJ, Epps JA, Teissedre G, Maes M, Harding N, Yang L, Baruah B, Miller SM, Anderson OP, Willsky GR, Crans DC. 4-Amino- and 4-Nitrodipicolinatovanadium(V) Complexes and Their Hydroxylamido Derivatives: Synthesis, Aqueous, and Solid-State Properties. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:9827-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ic701233y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason J. Smee
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799, and Department of Biochemistry, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 140 Farber Hall, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Jason A. Epps
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799, and Department of Biochemistry, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 140 Farber Hall, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Guillaume Teissedre
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799, and Department of Biochemistry, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 140 Farber Hall, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Mandy Maes
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799, and Department of Biochemistry, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 140 Farber Hall, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Nichola Harding
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799, and Department of Biochemistry, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 140 Farber Hall, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Luqin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799, and Department of Biochemistry, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 140 Farber Hall, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Bharat Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799, and Department of Biochemistry, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 140 Farber Hall, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Susie M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799, and Department of Biochemistry, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 140 Farber Hall, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Oren P. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799, and Department of Biochemistry, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 140 Farber Hall, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Gail R. Willsky
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799, and Department of Biochemistry, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 140 Farber Hall, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75799, and Department of Biochemistry, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 140 Farber Hall, Buffalo, New York 14214
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