1
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Tuffy BW, Birkner NR, Schorne-Pinto J, Davis RC, Mofrad AM, Dixon CM, Aziziha M, Christian MS, Lynch TJ, Bartlett MT, Besmann TM, Brinkman KS, Chiu WKS. Identification and Decomposition of Uranium Oxychloride Phases in Oxygen-Exposed UCl 3 Salt Compositions. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37399503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c09050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Complementary X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy studies were conducted on several UCl3 concentrations in several chloride salt compositions. The samples were 5% UCl3 in LiCl (S1), 5% UCl3 in KCl (S2), 5% UCl3 in LiCl-KCl eutectic (S3), 5% UCl3 in LiCl-KCl eutectic (S4), 50% UCl3 in KCl (S5), and 20% UCl3 in KCl (S6) molar concentrations. Sample S3 had UCl3 sourced from Idaho National Laboratory (INL), and all other samples were UCl3 sourced from TerraPower. The initial compositions were prepared in an inert and oxygen-free atmosphere. XAFS measurements were performed in the atmosphere at a beamline, and Raman spectroscopy was conducted inside a glovebox. Raman spectra were able to confirm initial UCl3. XAFS and later Raman spectra measured, however, did not correctly match the literature and computational spectra for the prepared UCl3 salt. Rather, the data shows some complex uranium oxychloride phases at room temperature that transition into uranium oxides upon heating. Oxygen pollution due to failure of the sealing mechanism can result in oxidation of the UCl3 salts. The oxychlorides present may be both a function of the unknown O2 exposure concentration, depending on the source of the leak and the salt composition. Evidence of this oxychloride claim and its subsequent decomposition is justified in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Tuffy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06369-3139, United States
| | - Nancy R Birkner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0901, United States
| | - Juliano Schorne-Pinto
- Nuclear Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Ryan C Davis
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Amir M Mofrad
- Nuclear Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Clara M Dixon
- Nuclear Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mina Aziziha
- Nuclear Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Matthew S Christian
- Nuclear Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Timothy J Lynch
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06369-3139, United States
| | - Maxwell T Bartlett
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06369-3139, United States
| | - Theodore M Besmann
- Nuclear Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Kyle S Brinkman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0901, United States
| | - Wilson K S Chiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06369-3139, United States
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2
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Yankey J, Chamberlain J, Monreal M, Jackson M, Simpson M. UCl3 synthesis in molten LiCl–KCl and NaCl–MgCl2 via galvanically coupled uranium oxidation and FeCl2 reduction. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-023-08866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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3
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Crystallographic and/or magnetic properties of neutral and cationic uranium(IV) sandwiched phthalocyanine complexes. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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4
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Samanta N, Kumar S, Maji S, Chandra M, Venkatesh P, Jain A. Electrochemical and spectroscopic analysis of thermochemical conversion of UO2 to UCl3 using AlCl3 and Al in LiCl–KCl eutectic. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Jiang S, Liu Y, Wang L, Chai Z, Shi W. The Coordination Chemistry of f‐Block Elements in Molten Salts. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201145. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Jiang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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6
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Separation of uranium from lanthanides (La, Sm) with sacrificial Li anode in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Jiang S, Zhong Y, Wu Y, Li M, Shi W. Chemical Species Transformation during the Dissolution Process of U 3O 8 and UO 3 in the LiCl–KCl–AlCl 3 Molten Salt. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6519-6529. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shilin Jiang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuke Zhong
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanze Wu
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Weiqun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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McDuffee J, Christensen R, Eichel D, Simpson M, Phongikaroon S, Sun X, Baird J, Burak A, Chapel S, Choi J, Gorton J, Hamilton DE, Killinger D, Miller S, Palmer J, Petrie C, Sweeney D, Schrell A, Vollmer J. Design and Control of a Fueled Molten Salt Cartridge Experiment for the Versatile Test Reactor. NUCL SCI ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00295639.2021.2017663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel McDuffee
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Rich Christensen
- University of Idaho, Idaho Falls, 1776 Science Center Drive, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83402
| | - Daniel Eichel
- TerraPower, LLC, 15800 Northup Way, Bellevue, Washington 98008
| | - Mike Simpson
- University of Utah, 135 South 1460 East William Browning Building, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | | | - Xiaodong Sun
- University of Michigan, 2355 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - John Baird
- University of Idaho, Idaho Falls, 1776 Science Center Drive, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83402
| | - Adam Burak
- University of Michigan, 2355 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Shay Chapel
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Joonhyung Choi
- TerraPower, LLC, 15800 Northup Way, Bellevue, Washington 98008
| | - Jacob Gorton
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - D. Ethan Hamilton
- University of Utah, 135 South 1460 East William Browning Building, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Dimitris Killinger
- Virginia Commonwealth University, 907 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, Virginia 23284
| | - Sam Miller
- TerraPower, LLC, 15800 Northup Way, Bellevue, Washington 98008
| | - Jason Palmer
- University of Idaho, Idaho Falls, 1776 Science Center Drive, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83402
| | - Christian Petrie
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Daniel Sweeney
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Adrian Schrell
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - James Vollmer
- TerraPower, LLC, 15800 Northup Way, Bellevue, Washington 98008
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9
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Lynch TJ, Birkner NR, Christian MS, Wrubel JA, Schorne-Pinto J, Van Veelen A, Bargar JR, Besmann TM, Brinkman KS, Chiu WKS. In Situ Determination of Speciation and Local Structure of NaCl-SrCl 2 and LiF-ZrF 4 Molten Salts. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1539-1550. [PMID: 35138853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the local environment of the metal atoms in salt melts is important for modeling the properties of melts and predicting their behavior and thus helping enable the development of technologies such as molten salt reactors and solar-thermal power systems and new approaches to recycling rare-earth metals. Toward that end, we have developed an in situ approach for measuring the coordination of metals in molten salt coupling X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Raman spectroscopy. Our approach was demonstrated for two salt mixtures (1.9 and 5 mol % SrCl2 in NaCl, 0.8 and 5 mol % ZrF4 in LiF) at up to 1100 °C. Near-edge (X-ray absorption near-edge structure, XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra were measured. The EXAFS response was modeled using ab initio FEFF calculations. Strontium's first shell is observed to be coordinated with chlorine (Sr2+-Cl-) and zirconium's first shell is coordinated by fluorine (Zr4+-F-), both having coordination numbers that decrease with increasing temperature. Multiple zirconium complexes are believed to be present in the melt, which may interfere and distort the EXAFS spectra and result in an anomalously low zirconium first shell coordination number. The use of boron nitride (BN) powder as a salt diluent for XAFS measurements was found to not interfere with measurements and thus can be used for investigations of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Lynch
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06369-3139, United States
| | - Nancy R Birkner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0901, United States
| | - Matthew S Christian
- Nuclear Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jacob A Wrubel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06369-3139, United States
| | - Juliano Schorne-Pinto
- Nuclear Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Arjen Van Veelen
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - John R Bargar
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Theodore M Besmann
- Nuclear Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Kyle S Brinkman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0901, United States
| | - Wilson K S Chiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06369-3139, United States
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10
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Liu YL, Lan JH, Wang L, Jiang SL, Liu YC, Zhong YK, Yang DW, Zhang L, Shi WQ. The influence of F− ion on the electrochemical behavior and coordination properties of uranium in LiCl-KCl molten salt. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Zhong YK, Liu YL, Liu K, Wang L, Mei L, Gibson JK, Chen JZ, Jiang SL, Liu YC, Yuan LY, Chai ZF, Shi WQ. In-situ anodic precipitation process for highly efficient separation of aluminum alloys. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5777. [PMID: 34599195 PMCID: PMC8486879 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrorefining process has been widely used to separate and purify metals, but it is limited by deposition potential of the metal itself. Here we report in-situ anodic precipitation (IAP), a modified electrorefining process, to purify aluminium from contaminants that are more reactive. During IAP, the target metals that are more cathodic than aluminium are oxidized at the anode and forced to precipitate out in a low oxidation state. This strategy is fundamentally based on different solubilities of target metal chlorides in the NaAlCl4 molten salt rather than deposition potential of metals. The results suggest that IAP is able to efficiently and simply separate components of aluminum alloys with fast kinetics and high recovery yields, and it is also a valuable synthetic approach for metal chlorides in low oxidation states. Traditional electrorefining process is limited by deposition potential of the metal itself. Here, the authors explore an in-situ anodic precipitation process based on different solubility of target metal chlorides that can efficiently separate components of aluminum alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ke Zhong
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Lan Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Kui Liu
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Zhuhai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jia-Zhuang Chen
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201, Ningbo, China
| | - Shi-Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Chuan Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yong Yuan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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12
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Jiang S, Li M, Shi W. Recent Progress on Chemical Species of Uranium in Molten Chlorides. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21070341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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D'Alessandro DM, Usov PM. Spectroelectrochemistry: A Powerful Tool for Studying Fundamental Properties and Emerging Applications of Solid-State Materials Including Metal–Organic Frameworks. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) encompasses a broad suite of electroanalytical techniques where electrochemistry is coupled with various spectroscopic methods. This powerful and versatile array of methods is characterised as in situ, where a fundamental property is measured in real time as the redox state is varied through an applied voltage. SEC has a long and rich history and has proved highly valuable for discerning mechanistic aspects of redox reactions that underpin the function of biological, chemical, and physical systems in the solid and solution states, as well as in thin films and even in single molecules. This perspective article highlights the state of the art in solid-state SEC (ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared, infrared, Raman, photoluminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy) relevant to interrogating solid state materials, particularly those in the burgeoning field of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Emphasis is on developments in the field over the past 10 years and prospects for application of SEC techniques to probing fundamental aspects of MOFs and MOF-derived materials, along with their emerging applications in next-generation technologies for energy storage and transformation. Along with informing the already expert practitioner of SEC, this article provides some guidance for researchers interested in entering the field.
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14
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Liu K, Ma Y, Kang M, Wang B. Facile visualization of the initial nucleation and growth of an active metal electrodeposited in a high temperature molten salt using a detachable disk electrode. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Liu YL, Yuan LY, Zheng LR, Wang L, Yao BL, Chai ZF, Shi WQ. Confirmation and elimination of cyclic electrolysis of uranium ions in molten salts. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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16
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Lambert H, Kerry T, Sharrad CA. Preparation of uranium(III) in a molten chloride salt: a redox mechanistic study. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018; 317:925-932. [PMID: 30100650 PMCID: PMC6061103 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The most advanced methodology for the pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel is the electrorefining of uranium metal in LiCl-KCl eutectic, in which uranium is solubilized as U(III). The production of U(III) in LiCl-KCl eutectic by the chlorination of uranium metal using BiCl3 has been performed for research purposes. In this work, this reaction was studied in-situ by visual observation, electronic absorption spectroscopy and electrochemistry at 450 °C. The most likely mechanism has been determined to involve the initial direct oxidation of uranium metal by Bi(III) to U(IV). The dissolved U(IV) then reacts with unreacted uranium metal to form U(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Lambert
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Present Address: Lhoist Recherche et Développement, Business Innovation Cente, 31, rue de l’Industrie, 1400 Nivelles, Belgium
| | - Timothy Kerry
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Present Address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Clint A. Sharrad
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
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17
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Abstract
Intermolecular interactions between the oxo group of an actinyl cation and other metal cations (i.e., cation-cation interactions) are dependent on the strength of the actinyl bond. These cation-cation interactions are prominently observed for the neptunyl cation [Np(V)O2]+ and are sufficiently stable enough to explore using a variety of chemical techniques. Herein, we investigate these intermolecular interactions in the neptunyl 18-crown-6 system, because this macrocyclic ligand provides both stable coordination and the proper sterics to engage the oxo group in bonding with both low-valent metal cations and neighboring neptunyl units. We report the structural and spectroscopic characterization of five neptunyl, [Np(V,VI)O2]+,2+, compounds: Np1a ([NpO2(18-crown-6)]ClO4), Np1b ([NpO2(18-crown-6)]AuCl4), Na-Np ([Np(V)O2(18-crown-6)(Na(H2O)(18-crown-6)][Np(VI)O2Cl4], Np-Np ([NpO2(18-crown-6)](NpO2Cl2NO3)], and Np-Cl (NpO2Cl(H2O)1.75). Each of these compounds were prepared from the ambient reactions of Np(V) in HX (where X = Cl, NO3) with the 18-crown-6 ether molecule. Structural information obtained from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data was paired with solid-state and solution Raman spectroscopy to provide information on the interaction of the neptunyl oxo atom with neighboring cations. Neptunyl (Np═O) bond lengths are not perturbed upon interaction with the Na+ cation (Na-Np), but elongation is observed upon formation of a neptunyl-neptunyl interaction (Np-Np). This is also the first structurally characterized isolated, molecular complex that contains a simple T-shaped neptunyl-neptunyl interaction. Raman spectroscopy indicates little perturbation to the neptunyl bond until the formation of the neptunyl-neptunyl motif, which also results in activation of the ν3 asymmetric stretch. Additional spectroscopic studies indicated that the neptunyl 18-crown-6 inclusion complexes form in solution and persist in the presence of other low-valence cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Basile
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Erica Cole
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Tori Z Forbes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
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18
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Wacker JN, Vasiliu M, Huang K, Baumbach RE, Bertke JA, Dixon DA, Knope KE. Uranium(IV) Chloride Complexes: UCl62– and an Unprecedented U(H2O)4Cl4 Structural Unit. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9772-9780. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Wacker
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Kevin Huang
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Ryan E. Baumbach
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Karah E. Knope
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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19
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Li X, Song J, Shi S, Yan L, Zhang Z, Jiang T, Peng S. Dynamic Fluctuation of U3+ Coordination Structure in the Molten LiCl–KCl Eutectic via First Principles Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:571-578. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tao Jiang
- Institute
of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Shuming Peng
- Institute
of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
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20
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Rappleye D, Teaford K, Simpson MF. Investigation of the effects of uranium(III)-chloride concentration on voltammetry in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic with a glass sealed tungsten electrode. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Schroll CA, Chatterjee S, Levitskaia T, Heineman WR, Bryan SA. Spectroelectrochemistry of EuCl3in Four Molten Salt Eutectics; 3 LiCl−NaCl, 3 LiCl−2 KCl, LiCl−RbCl, and 3 LiCl−2 CsCl; at 873 K. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Schroll
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati OH 45221-0172
| | - Sayandev Chatterjee
- Energy and Environment Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
| | - Tatiana Levitskaia
- Energy and Environment Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
| | | | - Samuel A. Bryan
- Energy and Environment Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352
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Zhang L, Zhou J, Zhang J, Su J, Zhang S, Chen N, Jia Y, Li J, Wang Y, Wang JQ. Extraction of local coordination structure in a low-concentration uranyl system by XANES. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:758-768. [PMID: 27140156 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516001910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining structural information of uranyl species at an atomic/molecular scale is a critical step to control and predict their physical and chemical properties. To obtain such information, experimental and theoretical L3-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of uranium were studied systematically for uranyl complexes. It was demonstrated that the bond lengths (R) in the uranyl species and relative energy positions (ΔE) of the XANES were determined as follows: ΔE1 = 168.3/R(U-Oax)(2) - 38.5 (for the axial plane) and ΔE2 = 428.4/R(U-Oeq)(2) - 37.1 (for the equatorial plane). These formulae could be used to directly extract the distances between the uranium absorber and oxygen ligand atoms in the axial and equatorial planes of uranyl ions based on the U L3-edge XANES experimental data. In addition, the relative weights were estimated for each configuration derived from the water molecule and nitrate ligand based on the obtained average equatorial coordination bond lengths in a series of uranyl nitrate complexes with progressively varied nitrate concentrations. Results obtained from XANES analysis were identical to that from extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) analysis. XANES analysis is applicable to ubiquitous uranyl-ligand complexes, such as the uranyl-carbonate complex. Most importantly, the XANES research method could be extended to low-concentration uranyl systems, as indicated by the results of the uranyl-amidoximate complex (∼40 p.p.m. uranium). Quantitative XANES analysis, a reliable and straightforward method, provides a simplified approach applied to the structural chemistry of actinides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
| | - Yunpeng Jia
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Qiang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
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Cho YH, Bae SE, Kim DH, Park TH, Kim JY, Song K, Yeon JW. On the covalency of U(III)–Cl, U(IV)–Cl bonding in a LiCl–KCl eutectic melt at 450°C: Spectroscopic evidences from their 5f–6d and 5f–5f electronic transitions. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Su J, Dau PD, Liu HT, Huang DL, Wei F, Schwarz WHE, Li J, Wang LS. Photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical studies of gaseous uranium hexachlorides in different oxidation states: UCl6q− (q = 0–2). J Chem Phys 2015; 142:134308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4916399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Phuong D. Dau
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Dao-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Fan Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W. H. E. Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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Shi WQ, Yuan LY, Wang CZ, Wang L, Mei L, Xiao CL, Zhang L, Li ZJ, Zhao YL, Chai ZF. Exploring actinide materials through synchrotron radiation techniques. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7807-7848. [PMID: 25169914 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation (SR) based techniques have been utilized with increasing frequency in the past decade to explore the brilliant and challenging sciences of actinide-based materials. This trend is partially driven by the basic needs for multi-scale actinide speciation and bonding information and also the realistic needs for nuclear energy research. In this review, recent research progresses on actinide related materials by means of various SR techniques were selectively highlighted and summarized, with the emphasis on X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scattering spectroscopy, which are powerful tools to characterize actinide materials. In addition, advanced SR techniques for exploring future advanced nuclear fuel cycles dealing with actinides are illustrated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of High Enegy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Su J, Dau PD, Xu CF, Huang DL, Liu HT, Wei F, Wang LS, Li J. A Joint Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Study on the Electronic Structure of UCl5−and UCl5. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2489-96. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Cho YH, Bae SE, Park YJ, Oh SY, Kim JY, Song K. Electronic Structure of U (III) and U (IV) Ions in a LiCl–KCl eutectic melt at 450°C. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Cho YH, Kim TJ, Bae SE, Park YJ, Ahn HJ, Song K. Electronic absorption spectra of U (III) ion in a LiCl–KCl eutectic melt at 450 °C. Microchem J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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