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Viola E, Donzello MP, Testani S, Luccisano G, Astolfi ML, Rizzoli C, Cong L, Mannina L, Ercolani C, Kadish KM. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with Peripherally Appended Pyridine Rings. 19. Pentanuclear Octa(2-pyridyl)tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines Carrying Externally Carboranthiolate Groups: Physicochemical Properties and Potentialities as Anticancer Drugs. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:1120-1133. [PMID: 30596493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New pentanuclear porphyrazine complexes of formula [{Pd(CBT)2}4LM]· xH2O (L = tetrakis-2,3-[5,6-di(2-pyridyl)pyrazino]porphyrazinato anion, CBT = m-carborane-1-thiolate, and M = MgII(H2O), ZnII, PdII) were prepared in good yield as dark green hydrated amorphous solids by reaction of the respective pentanuclear species [(PdCl2)4LM] with m-carboran-1-thiol in CH3CN. Physicochemical characterization of the new species was carried out by elemental and thermogravimetric analysis along with IR and 1H/13C NMR measurements. UV-vis spectral characterization performed in DMSO, DMF, and pyridine solution provided information about the stability of the new homo/heteropentanuclear species and their tendency to undergo detachment of the peripheral Pd(CBT)2 groups. The data from NMR, UV-vis, and electrochemical experiments indicate that external coordination of the Pd(CBT)2 units to the mononuclear [LM] species affects only slightly the π electron distribution within the internal macrocyclic choromophore. The Pd(CBT)2 units are released in pyridine solution and in the case of the ZnII complex [{Pd(CBT)2}4LZn] give rise to a finely crystalline light-yellow solid identified by single-crystal X-ray work as the trans isomer of the bispyridine adduct [py2(CBT)2Pd]. The new pentanuclear macrocyclic complexes behave in DMF solution as active photosensitizers for singlet oxygen production, 1O2, the cytotoxic agent in anticancer photodynamic therapy, and have larger quantum yield values (ΦΔ = 0.6-0.7) than those found on average for the related tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine analogs (ΦΔ = 0.4-0.6). The presence of the CBT groups in the currently investigated complexes opens up the possibility for their use in boron neutron capture therapy, leading potentially to new bimodal anticancer curative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Roma Sapienza , P. le A. Moro 5 , I-00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Roma Sapienza , P. le A. Moro 5 , I-00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Silvia Testani
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Roma Sapienza , P. le A. Moro 5 , I-00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Giulia Luccisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Roma Sapienza , P. le A. Moro 5 , I-00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Roma Sapienza , P. le A. Moro 5 , I-00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Corrado Rizzoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Lei Cong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Università di Roma Sapienza , P. le A. Moro 5 , I-00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Roma Sapienza , P. le A. Moro 5 , I-00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Karl M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-5003 , United States
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Conjugated macrocyclic materials with photoactivated optical absorption for the control of energy transmission delivered by pulsed radiations. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Novakova V, Donzello MP, Ercolani C, Zimcik P, Stuzhin PA. Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines and their metal derivatives. Part II: Electronic structure, electrochemical, spectral, photophysical and other application related properties. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sciscione F, Manoli F, Viola E, Wankar J, Ercolani C, Donzello MP, Manet I. Photoactivity of New Octacationic Magnesium(II) and Zinc(II) Porphyrazines in a Water Solution and G-Quadruplex Binding Ability of Differently Sized Zinc(II) Porphyrazines. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12795-12808. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Sciscione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale
A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Manoli
- Istituto per la Sintesi
Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale
A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Jitendra Wankar
- Istituto per la Sintesi
Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale
A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale
A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ilse Manet
- Istituto per la Sintesi
Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Gonca E, Özpınar C. Esterified porphyrazine complexes: Synthesis, characterization, aggregation behavior, and theoretical study. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1313130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Sciscione F, Cong L, Donzello MP, Viola E, Ercolani C, Kadish KM. Octakis(2-pyridyl)porphyrazine and Its Neutral Metal Derivatives: UV–Visible Spectral, Electrochemical, and Photoactivity Studies. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5813-5826. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Sciscione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Lei Cong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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7
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Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines and their metal derivatives. Part I: Synthesis and basic structural information. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Cidlina A, Novakova V, Miletin M, Zimcik P. Peripheral substitution as a tool for tuning electron-accepting properties of phthalocyanine analogs in intramolecular charge transfer. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:6961-71. [PMID: 25782137 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00400d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), which is a pathway for excited state relaxation, was studied on the newly synthesized zinc(ii) complexes of tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines bearing one fixed donor (i.e., a dialkylamino substituent). The rest of the peripheral substituents on the core was designed with respect to their different electronic effects (OBu, neopentyl, StBu, COOBu). The photophysical (singlet oxygen and fluorescence quantum yields) and electrochemical (reduction potentials) properties were determined and compared within the series and with compounds that did not contain a donor moiety. The ICT efficiency correlated well with both the electron-deficient character of the core and the Hammett substituent constants σp. The most efficient ICT was observed for the core with the most electron-accepting substituent (COOBu), and the lowest ICT efficiency was detected for the least electron-deficient core (substituted by OBu). Titration of DMSO solutions of target compounds with H2SO4 indicated that basicity of the azomethine bridges was largely influenced by the character of the peripheral substituents while the dialkylamino donor center remained nearly unaffected. Furthermore, protonation of the donor nitrogen caused partial restoration of the fluorescence quantum yield (increase up to 90 times) due to blocking of ICT. The results implied that the ICT efficiency was strongly dependent on the electron-accepting properties of the core whose properties can be readily affected by suitable selection of peripheral substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Cidlina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Donzello MP, Vittori D, Viola E, Zeng L, Cui Y, Kadish KM, Mannina L, Ercolani C. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with externally appended pyridine rings. 16. A rare class of uncharged water soluble complexes: UV-vis spectral, redox, and photochemical properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615500777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and physicochemical characterization of a new class of water soluble homo/heteropentanuclear porphyrazine complexes are described. The investigated compounds, prepared from the previously reported mononuclear species [ LM ]⋅x H 2 O (L = tetrakis-2,3-[5,6-di(2-pyridyl) pyrazino]porphyrazinato dianion; M = MgII ( H 2 O ), ZnII , CuII , CoII , PdII , PtII ; x = 3–8) in DMSO under mild experimental conditions, are represented as [{ Pd ( OAc )2}4 LM ]⋅x H 2 O (x = 11–22) and bear four Pd ( OAc )2 units, each externally coordinated at the vicinal pyridine N atoms of a single dipyridinopyrazine fragment of the porphyrazine macrocycle (py–py coordination). The newly synthesized compounds were examined by IR and magnetic susceptibility measurements in the solid state. Solution UV-visible spectral studies on all of the species were conducted in the low-donor organic solvents pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide and in the water medium, whereas electrochemical measurements were performed in these media in the presence of tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (organic solvents) and KCl or NaOAc (water). Data on the photosensitizing activity for the generation of singlet oxygen, 1 O 2, of interest in photodynamic therapy, were also obtained in dimethylformammide solution on the compounds [{ Pd ( OAc )2}4 LM ]( M = MgII ( H 2 O ), ZnII , PdII , PtII ) and the measured ΦΔ values are presented and discussed. NMR spectral data on the complex [{ Pd ( OAc )2}4 LZn ] are also included and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Vittori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lihan Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204-5003, USA
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204-5003, USA
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204-5003, USA
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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Donzello MP, De Mori G, Viola E, Ercolani C, Ricciardi G. Zinc(II) complexes of tetrakis-(6,7-quinoxalino)porphyrazine bearing externally appended 2-pyridyl rings: Synthesis, UV-visible spectral behavior and photoactivity for singlet oxygen generation. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and physicochemical properties of the Zn II complexes, [ Py 8 QxPzZn ]( Py 8 QxPz = tetra -2,3-[6,7-di(2-pyridyl)quinoxalino]porphyrazinato dianion), the corresponding octacation [(2- Mepy )8 QxPzZn ]8+ (neutralized by I - ions), and the heteropentanuclear complex [( PdCl 2)4 Py 8 QxPzZn ] are presented and discussed. According to their UV-visible spectral data in non aqueous solvents ( CHCl 3, pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide), the species exhibit intense absorptions in the Q-band region at 750–770 nm, in line with parallel spectral data observed for the free base [ Py 8 QxPzH 2], also reported, and the previously investigated Mg II complex [ Py 8 QxPzMg ( H 2 O )]. The observed Q-band position for this series of "quinoxalinoporphyrazine" macrocycles is about 100 nm to the red with respect to the position of the same absorption for the series of the already reported "pyrazinoporphyrazine" analogs. The spectral effects induced by the peripherally appended methyl-pyridinium groups in the octacation [(2- Mepy )8 QxPzZn ]8+ or by exocyclic coordination in the complex [( PdCl 2)4 Py 8 QxPzZn ] are also considered. Of the investigated Zn II complexes, [ Py 8 QxPzZn ] and the related octacation [(2- Mepy )8 QxPzZn ]8+ are active in dimethylformamide solution as singlet oxygen photosensitizers, which is of interest for applications in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia De Mori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ricciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
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11
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Donzello MP, De Mori G, Viola E, Ercolani C, Ricciardi G, Rosa A. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with Externally Appended Pyridine Rings. 15. Effects of the Pyridyl Substituents and Fused Exocyclic Rings on the UV–Visible Spectroscopic Properties of Mg(II)–Porphyrazines: A Combined Experimental and DFT/TDDFT Study. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:8009-19. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500880m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgia De Mori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ricciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Viale
dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Angela Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Viale
dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
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Donzello MP, Vittori D, Futur D, Fu Z, Ercolani C, Kadish KM. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with externally appended pyridine rings 14: UV-visible spectral and electrochemical behavior of homo/heterobinuclear neutral and hexacationic macrocycles. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613500867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Detailed UV-visible, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies were carried out in DMSO on two known series of homo/heterobimetallic pyrazinoporphyrazine compounds, i.e.[( M′Cl 2) LM ] and [( PtCl 2)( CH 3)6 LM ]( I )6, where L = tetrakis-2,3-[5,6-di(2-pyridyl)pyrazino]porphyrazinato anion, M = Zn II , Mg II ( H 2 O ) or Pd II and M′ = Pd II or Pt II . The [( M′Cl 2) LM ] compounds, as obtained from the mononuclear species [LM], undergo only subtle UV-visible spectral changes and exhibit practically unchanged half wave potentials for reduction; thus, peripheral coordination to the [LM] macrocycles of a single PdCl 2 or PtCl 2 unit at one of the external dipyridinopyrazine fragments only minimally disturbs the σ/π electronic distribution within the entire porphyrazine unit. In contrast, quaternization by CH 3 I of the six unligated pyridine N atoms of the species [( PtCl 2) LM ] leading to formation of the hexacations [( PtCl 2)( CH 3)6 LM ]6+ results in a significant bathochromic shift (5–15 nm) of the Q-band positions, thus suggesting an enhanced electron-withdrawing effect determined by an incremented displacement of the σ/π electronic system towards the periphery of the macrocycle. Accordingly, there is a facilitated thermodynamic uptake of electrons upon going from [( PtCl 2)( CH 3)6 LM ]6+ to [( PtCl 2)( CH 3)6 LM ] n (n = 5+ → 2+). Noteworthy, the UV-visible spectra of the salt-like species [( PtCl 2)( CH 3)6 LM ]( I )6 in water at c = 5 × 10-5 M ) indicate the presence of a monomer-dimer equilibrium, persistent even at very low concentrations (ca. 5 × 10-7 M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Vittori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - David Futur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Zhen Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
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One-pot synthesis and characterization of new cuprous pyrazinoporphyrazines containing peripherally functionalized units. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Donzello MP, Viola E, Ercolani C, Fu Z, Futur D, Kadish KM. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with externally appended pyridine rings. 12. New heteropentanuclear complexes carrying four exocyclic cis-platin-like functionalities as potential bimodal (PDT/cis-platin) anticancer agents. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:12548-59. [PMID: 23121685 DOI: 10.1021/ic301989a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heteropentanuclear porphyrazines having the formula [(PtCl2)4LM] where L = tetrakis-2,3-[5,6-di(2-pyridyl)pyrazino]porphyrazinato dianion and M = Zn(II), Mg(II)(H2O), Pd(II), Cu(II) or Co(II) were characterized by elemental analyses, IR-UV-visible spectroscopy and electrochemistry and the data compared to new and previously published results for the corresponding homopentanuclear compound [(PtCl2)4LPt]. This latter species has four external N2(py)PtCl2 coordination sites which closely resemble cis-platin, (NH3)2PtCl2, the potent chemotherapeutic anticancer drug, and is able to act as a photosensitizer for the generation of (1)O2, the cytotoxic agent in photodynamic therapy (PDT). UV-visible spectra and half wave potentials for reduction of [(PtCl2)4LM], [(PtCl2)4LPt], the parallel series of mononuclear [LM] compounds and the pentanuclear [(PdCl2)4LM] compounds were examined in the nonaqueous solvents dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, and dimethylformamide. The complete set of available data indicate that external coordination of the PtCl2 and PdCl2 units significantly increases the level of the electron-deficiency of the entire molecular framework despite the fact that these groups are far away from the central porphyrazine π-ring system and have coordination sites nearly orthogonal to the plane of the macrocycle. The pentanuclear species [(M'Cl2)4LM] (M' = Pt(II), Pd(II)) undergo multiple one-electron transfers and exhibit an easier reducibility as compared to related electrode reactions of the parent compounds [LM] having the same central metal. Aggregation phenomena and reducibility of the porphyrazines to their monoanionic form (prevalently in DMF) are observed for some of the examined compounds and were analyzed and accurately taken into account. Quantum yields of (1)O2 (ΦΔ), of interest in PDT, were measured for [(PtCl2)4LM] with M = Zn(II), Mg(II)(H2O), or Pd(II) and the related macrocycles [(PdCl2)4LM] and [LM] in dimethylformamide (DMF) and/or DMF preacidified with HCl (DMF/HCl, [HCl]: 1-2 × 10(-4) M). Excellent ΦΔ values (0.5-0.6) which qualify the compounds as potent photosensitizers in PDT were obtained for the pentanuclear species having Zn(II) or Pd(II) as central metal ions. The [(PtCl2)4LZn] and [(PtCl2)4LPd] complexes are of special interest as potential bimodal anticancer agents because of the incorporated four cis-platin-like functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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Donzello MP, Viola E, Mannina L, Barteri M, Fu Z, Ercolani C. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with externally appended pyridine rings: 11 Photoactivity of a new Pt(II) pentanuclear macrocycle bearing four cisplatin-like functionalities and its related monoplatinated species. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424611004014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The pentanuclear PtII porphyrazine compound [(PtCl2)4LPt] (L = tetrakis-2,3-[5,6-di(2-pyridyl)pyrazino]porphyrazinato dianion), the mononuclear species [LPt] and the octacation [L′Pt]8+ (neutralized by I- ions; L′ = L octaquaternized at the pyridine N atoms) were synthesized and characterized by IR/UV-visible spectral measurements. 1H and 13C NMR spectral data on [(PtCl2)4 LPt] indicate that the four PtCl2 units are coordinated at the pyridine N atoms of the peripheral dipyridinopyrazine fragments ("py–py" coordination) and the largely prevalent conformational arrangement of the entire macrocycle, established to have the external N2(py)PtCl2 coordination sites all oriented on the same side with respect to the plane of the central porphyrazine framework, closely recalls that which was previously defined for the related PdII analog [(PdCl2)4LPd] . The currently investigated triad of PtII macrocycles, like the related PdII species, behave as photosensitizers for the generation of singlet oxygen, the cytotoxic agent active in photodynamic therapy (PDT). A bimodal anticancer potentiality is expressed by the pentaplatinated compound, [(PtCl2)4LPt] , which represents an unprecedented example of a multifunctional drug due to the presence of four contiguous cisplatin-like functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "Sapienza", P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "Sapienza", P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "Sapienza", P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Mario Barteri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "Sapienza", P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Zhen Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "Sapienza", P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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Pia Donzello M, Viola E, Giustini M, Ercolani C, Monacelli F. Tetrakis(thiadiazole)porphyrazines. 8. Singlet oxygen production, fluorescence response and liposomal incorporation of tetrakis(thiadiazole)porphyrazine macrocycles [TTDPzM] (M = MgII(H2O), ZnII, AlIIICl, GaIIICl, CdII, CuII, 2HI). Dalton Trans 2012; 41:6112-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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Kopecky K, Novakova V, Miletin M, Kučera R, Zimcik P. Synthesis of new azaphthalocyanine dark quencher and evaluation of its quenching efficiency with different fluorophores. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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De Mori G, Fu Z, Viola E, Cai X, Ercolani C, Pia Donzello M, Kadish KM. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with Externally Appended Thienyl Rings: Synthesis, UV–Visible Spectra, Electrochemical Behavior, and Photoactivity for the Generation of Singlet Oxygen. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:8225-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2007556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia De Mori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Zhen Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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Manet I, Manoli F, Donzello MP, Ercolani C, Vittori D, Cellai L, Masi A, Monti S. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with Externally Appended Pyridine Rings. 10. A Water-Soluble Bimetallic (ZnII/PtII) Porphyrazine Hexacation as Potential Plurimodal Agent for Cancer Therapy: Exploring the Behavior as Ligand of Telomeric DNA G-Quadruplex Structures. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:7403-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200514z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Manet
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Manoli
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Daniela Vittori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luciano Cellai
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Masi
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Monti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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20
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Donzello MP, Vittori D, Viola E, Manet I, Mannina L, Cellai L, Monti S, Ercolani C. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with Externally Appended Pyridine Rings. 9. Novel Heterobimetallic Macrocycles and Related Hydrosoluble Hexacations as Potentially Active Photo/Chemotherapeutic Anticancer Agents. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:7391-402. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200498s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilse Manet
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Cellai
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Monti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Moro P, Donzello MP, Ercolani C, Monacelli F, Moretti G. Tetrakis-2,3-[5,6-di-(2-pyridyl)-pyrazino]porphyrazine, and its Cu(II) complex as sensitizers in the TiO2-based photo-degradation of 4-nitrophenol. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Donzello MP, Viola E, Cai X, Mannina L, Ercolani C, Kadish KM. Tetra-2,3-pyrazinoporphyrazines with Externally Appended Pyridine Rings. 8. Central (ZnII, CuII, MgII(H2O), CdII) and Exocyclic (PdII) Metal Ion Binding in Heteropentametallic Complexes from Tetrakis-2,3-[5,6-di(2-pyridyl)pyrazino]porphyrazine. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:2447-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ic902317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204-5003
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, and Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, I-00016, Monterotondo Staz., Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204-5003
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23
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Crespy D, Landfester K, Schubert US, Schiller A. Potential photoactivated metallopharmaceuticals: from active molecules to supported drugs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6651-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01887b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Zimcik P, Miletin M, Radilova H, Novakova V, Kopecky K, Svec J, Rudolf E. Synthesis, properties and in vitro photodynamic activity of water-soluble azaphthalocyanines and azanaphthalocyanines. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 86:168-75. [PMID: 19930119 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work zinc azaphthalocyanines (AzaPcs) from the group of tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines and zinc azanaphthalocyanines from the group of tetra[6,7]quinoxalinoporphyrazines (TQP) with eight diethylaminoethylsulfanyl substituents were synthesized. Tertiary amines were later quaternized with ethyl iodide to obtain water-soluble photosensitizers (PSs). Quaternized compounds showed high singlet oxygen quantum yields as determined in DMF by monitoring decomposition of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran. In water medium, quaternized AzaPc derivatives appeared in monomeric form in a wide range of concentrations while quaternized TQP derivatives showed aggregation at higher concentrations (over 1 microM). Photodynamic activity was tested on Hep2 cells using light of lambda > 640 nm. Both quaternized dyes showed high photodynamic activity (IC(50) = 104 and 220 nm for AzaPc and TQP, respectively). Dark toxicity was not detected even at the highest concentration used in in vitro tests (200 microM) which indicates a promising therapeutic index of these new substances. Tested compounds localized inside the cells mainly within the lysosomes thus suggesting an endocytic mechanism of cellular uptake. No localization within mitochondria was detected. A great advantage of TQP derivatives over other PSs is their very strong absorption at 747 nm that allows activation at wavelengths penetrating deeper into human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Zimcik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Viola E, Donzello MP, Ciattini S, Portalone G, Ercolani C. Redox Chemistry of Tetrakis[5,6-di(2-pyridyl)-2,3-pyrazino]porphyrazinatocobalt(II): Isolation and Characterization of Solid Pure CoI, CoII, and CoIIIComplexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Manlove A, Groziak MP. Chapter 6.2: Six-Membered Ring Systems: Diazines and Benzo Derivatives. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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