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Gordon BM, Lease N, Emge TJ, Hasanayn F, Goldman AS. Reactivity of Iridium Complexes of a Triphosphorus-Pincer Ligand Based on a Secondary Phosphine. Catalytic Alkane Dehydrogenation and the Origin of Extremely High Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4133-4146. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Nicholas Lease
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Thomas J. Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Faraj Hasanayn
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Alan S. Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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2
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Role of a Redox-Active Ligand Close to a Dinuclear Activating Framework. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2022_77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Wu T, Musgrove J, Siegler MA, Garcia-Bosch I. Mononuclear and Dinuclear Copper Complexes of Tridentate Redox-active Ligands with Tunable H-bonding Donors: Structure, Spectroscopy and H + /e - Reactivity. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1608-1618. [PMID: 33929787 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this research article, we describe the synthesis and characterization of mononuclear and dinuclear Cu complexes bound by a family of tridentate redox-active ligands with tunable H-bonding donors. The mononuclear Cu-anion complexes were oxidized to the corresponding "high-valent" intermediates by oxidation of the redox-active ligand. These species were capable of oxidizing phenols with weak O-H bonds via H-atom abstraction. Thermodynamic analysis of the H-atom abstractions, which included reduction potential measurements, pKa determination and kinetic studies, revealed that modification of the anion coordinated to the Cu and changes in the H-bonding donor did not lead to major differences in the reactivity of the "high-valent" CuY complexes (Y: hydroxide, phenolate and acetate), which indicated that the tridentate ligand scaffold acts as the H+ and e- acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, 75275, United States
| | - Justin Musgrove
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, 75275, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, United States
| | - Isaac Garcia-Bosch
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, 75275, United States
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4
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Poitras AM, Bezpalko MW, Moore CE, Dickie DA, Foxman BM, Thomas CM. A Series of Dimeric Cobalt Complexes Bridged by N-Heterocyclic Phosphido Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:4729-4740. [PMID: 32186372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A tridentate [PPP] ligand has been used to construct a series of dimeric cobalt complexes and explore cooperative multielectron redox processes that are both metal- and ligand-centered. Reduction of (PPClP)CoCl2 (1) with excess magnesium affords the CoICoI N-heterocyclic phosphido (NHP-)-bridged symmetric dimer [(μ-PPP)Co]2 (2). Two-electron oxidation of 2 with FcPF6 generates an asymmetrically bridged dication [(μ-PPP)Co]2[PF6]2 (3) in which the oxidation has occurred in a delocalized fashion throughout the Co2P2 core. In contrast, [(μ-PPP)Co]2+ (5), which can be generated either by one-electron oxidation of 2 with FcPF6 or comportionation of 2 and 3, features an asymmetric geometry and localized mixed valence. Treatment of 1 with the milder reductants CoCp2 and KBEt3H does not lead to formation of 2, 3, or 5 but instead generates dimeric species [(PPP)CoCl]2 (6) and [(PPP)CoH]2 (7). Unlike 2-5, where the phosphine side arms of the tridentate [PPP] ligand span the two Co centers, complex 6 and 7 are connected solely by NHP- ligands that bridge the two (PPP)Co fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Poitras
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mark W Bezpalko
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Bruce M Foxman
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Christine M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Carsch KM, Lukens JT, DiMucci IM, Iovan DA, Zheng SL, Lancaster KM, Betley TA. Electronic Structures and Reactivity Profiles of Aryl Nitrenoid-Bridged Dicopper Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2264-2276. [PMID: 31917556 PMCID: PMC7262786 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dicopper complexes templated by dinucleating, pacman dipyrrin ligand scaffolds (Mesdmx, tBudmx: dimethylxanthine-bridged, cofacial bis-dipyrrin) were synthesized by deprotonation/metalation with mesitylcopper (CuMes; Mes: mesityl) or by transmetalation with cuprous precursors from the corresponding deprotonated ligand. Neutral imide complexes (Rdmx)Cu2(μ2-NAr) (R: Mes, tBu; Ar: 4-MeOC6H4, 3,5-(F3C)2C6H3) were synthesized by treatment of the corresponding dicuprous complexes with aryl azides. While one-electron reduction of (Mesdmx)Cu2(μ2-N(C6H4OMe)) with potassium graphite initiates an intramolecular, benzylic C-H amination at room temperature, chemical reduction of (tBudmx)Cu2(μ2-NAr) leads to isolable [(tBudmx)Cu2(μ2-NAr)]- product salts. The electronic structures of the thermally robust [(tBudmx)Cu2(μ2-NAr)]0/- complexes were assessed by variable-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (Cu L2,3/K-edge, N K-edge), optical spectroscopy, and DFT/CASSCF calculations. These data indicate that the formally Class IIIA mixed valence complexes of the type [(Rdmx)Cu2(μ2-NAr)]- feature significant NAr-localized spin following reduction from electronic population of the [Cu2(μ2-NAr)] π* manifold, contrasting previous methods for engendering iminyl character through chemical oxidation. The reactivity of the isolable imido and iminyl complexes are examined for prototypical radical-promoted reactivity (e.g., nitrene transfer and H-atom abstraction), where the divergent reactivity is rationalized by the relative degree of N-radical character afforded from different aryl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis M. Carsch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - James T. Lukens
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ida M. DiMucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Diana A. Iovan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kyle M. Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Theodore A. Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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6
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Metal-Ligand Cooperativity of Phosphorus-Containing Pincer Systems. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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van der Vlugt JI. Redox-Active Pincer Ligands. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Yuan J, Zhu L, Zhang J, Li J, Cui C. Sequential Addition of Phosphine to Alkynes for the Selective Synthesis of 1,2-Diphosphinoethanes under Catalysis. Well-Defined NHC-Copper Phosphides vs in Situ CuCl2/NHC Catalyst. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhao Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Evers-McGregor DA, Bezpalko MW, Foxman BM, Thomas CM. N-heterocyclic phosphenium and phosphido nickel complexes supported by a pincer ligand framework. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:1918-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03549j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A tridentate ligand framework containing a central N-heterocyclic phosphenium cation (NHP+) has been coordinated to nickel. Among the compounds reported is a series of [(PPP)Ni]20/+/2+ dimers in three different redox states.
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Wang D, Lindeman SV, Fiedler AT. Bimetallic Complexes Supported by a Redox-Active Ligand with Fused Pincer-Type Coordination Sites. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8744-54. [PMID: 26280846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable chemistry of mononuclear complexes featuring tridentate, meridionally chelating "pincer" ligands has stimulated the development of ligand frameworks containing multiple pincer sites. Here, the coordination chemistry of a novel pentadentate ligand (L(N3O2)) that provides two closely spaced NNO pincer-type compartments fused together at a central diarylamido unit is described. The trianionic L(N3O2) chelate supports homobimetallic structures in which each M(II) ion (M = Co, Cu, Zn) is bound in a meridional fashion by the bridging diarylamido N atom and O,N-donors of the salicyaldimine arms. The metal centers are also coordinated by a mono- or bidentate auxiliary ligand (L(aux)), resulting in complexes with the general form [M2(L(N3O2))(L(aux))2](+) (where L(aux) = 1-methyl-benzimidazole (1MeBI), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 4,4'-dibromo-2,2'-bipyridine (bpy(Br2)), or (S)-2-(4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydrooxazolyl)pyridine (S-(iPr)OxPy)). The fused nature of the NNO pincer sites results in short metal-metal distances ranging from 2.70 Å for [Co2(L(N3O2)) (bpy)2](+) to 3.28 Å for [Zn2(L(N3O2)) (bpy)2](+), as revealed by X-ray crystallography. The complexes possess C2 symmetry due to the twisting of the aryl rings of the μ-NAr2 core; spectroscopic studies indicate that chiral L(aux) ligands, such as S-(iPr)OxPy, are capable of controlling the helical sense of the L(N3O2) scaffold. Since the four- or five-coordinate M(II) centers are linked solely by the amido moiety, each features an open coordination site in the intermetallic region, allowing for the possibility of metal-metal cooperativity in small-molecule activation. Indeed, the dicobalt(II) complex [Co2(L(N3O2)) (bpy(Br2))2](+) reacts with O2 to yield a dicobalt(III) species with a μ-1,2-peroxo ligand. The bpy-containing complexes exhibit rich electrochemical properties due to multiple metal- and ligand-based redox events across a wide (3.0 V) potential window. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT), it was determined that one-electron oxidation of [Co2(L(N3O2)) (bpy)2](+) results in formation of a S = 1/2 species with a L(N3O2)-based radical coupled to low-spin Co(II) centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Sergey V Lindeman
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Adam T Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
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Liang LC, Hung YT, Huang YL, Chien PS, Lee PY, Chen WC. Divergent Carbonylation Reactivity Preferences of Nickel Complexes Containing Amido Pincer Ligands: Migratory Insertion versus Reductive Elimination. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om201041z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Chang Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hung
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Shu Chien
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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12
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Deaton JC, Switalski SC, Kondakov DY, Young RH, Pawlik TD, Giesen DJ, Harkins SB, Miller AJM, Mickenberg SF, Peters JC. E-type delayed fluorescence of a phosphine-supported Cu2(mu-NAr2)2 diamond core: harvesting singlet and triplet excitons in OLEDs. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:9499-508. [PMID: 20557045 DOI: 10.1021/ja1004575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A highly emissive bis(phosphine)diarylamido dinuclear copper(I) complex (quantum yield = 57%) was shown to exhibit E-type delayed fluorescence by variable temperature emission spectroscopy and photoluminescence decay measurement of doped vapor-deposited films. The lowest energy singlet and triplet excited states were assigned as charge transfer states on the basis of theoretical calculations and the small observed S(1)-T(1) energy gap. Vapor-deposited OLEDs doped with the complex in the emissive layer gave a maximum external quantum efficiency of 16.1%, demonstrating that triplet excitons can be harvested very efficiently through the delayed fluorescence channel. The function of the emissive dopant in OLEDs was further probed by several physical methods, including electrically detected EPR, cyclic voltammetry, and photoluminescence in the presence of applied current.
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