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Bubas AR, Tatosian IJ, Iacovino A, Corcovilos TA, van Stipdonk MJ. Reactions of gas-phase uranyl formate/acetate anions: reduction of carboxylate ligands to aldehydes by intra-complex hydride attack. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12753-12763. [PMID: 38619367 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00823e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In a previous study, electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation (CID), and gas-phase ion-molecule reactions were used to create and characterize ions derived from homogeneous precursors composed of a uranyl cation (UVIO22+) coordinated by either formate or acetate ligands [E. Perez, C. Hanley, S. Koehler, J. Pestok, N. Polonsky and M. Van Stipdonk, Gas phase reactions of ions derived from anionic uranyl formate and uranyl acetate complexes, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 2016, 27, 1989-1998]. Here, we describe a follow-up study of anionic complexes that contain a mix of formate and acetate ligands, namely [UO2(O2C-CH3)2(O2C-H)]- and [UO2(O2C-CH3)(O2C-H)2]-. Initial CID of either anion causes decarboxylation of a formate ligand to create carboxylate-coordinated U-hydride product ions. Subsequent CID of the hydride species causes elimination of acetaldehyde or formaldehyde, consistent with reactions that include intra-complex hydride attack upon bound acetate or formate ligands, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reproduce the experimental observations, including the favored elimination of formaldehyde over acetaldehyde by hydride attack during CID of [UO2(H)(O2C-CH3)(O2C-H)]-. We also discovered that MSn CID of the acetate-formate complexes leads to generation of the oxyl-methide species, [UO2(O)(CH3)]-, which reacts with H2O to generate [UO2(O)(OH)]-. DFT calculations support the observation that formation of [UO2(O)(OH)]- by elimination of CH4 is favored over H2O addition and rearrangement to create [UO2(OH)2(CH3)]-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Bubas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
| | - Irena J Tatosian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
| | - Anna Iacovino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
| | - Theodore A Corcovilos
- Department of Physics, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Michael J van Stipdonk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
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2
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Eisele NF, Rahrt R, Giachanou L, Shikho F, Koszinowski K. Gas-Phase Alkali-Metal Cation Affinities of Stabilized Enolates. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302540. [PMID: 37752885 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of alkali-metal enolates is dominated by ion pairing. To improve our understanding of the intrinsic interactions between the alkali-metal cations and the enolate anions, we have applied Cooks' kinetic method to determine relative M+ (M=Li, Na, K) affinities of the stabilized enolates derived from acetylacetone, ethyl acetoacetate, diethyl malonate, ethyl cyanoacetate, 2-cyanoacetamide, and methyl malonate monoamide in the gas phase. Quantum chemical calculations support the experimental results and moreover afford insight into the structures of the alkali-metal enolate complexes. The affinities decrease with increasing size of the alkali-metal cations, reflecting weaker electrostatic interactions and lower charge densities of the free M+ ions. For the different enolates, a comparison of their coordinating abilities is complicated by the fact that some of the free anions undergo conformational changes resulting in stabilizing intramolecular interactions. If these complicating effects are disregarded, the M+ affinities correlate with the electron density of the chelating functionalities, that is, the carbonyl and/or the nitrile groups of the enolates. A comparison with the known association constants of the corresponding alkali-metal enolates in solution points to the importance of solvation effects for these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas F Eisele
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rene Rahrt
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lamprini Giachanou
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fadi Shikho
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Kreyenschmidt F, Eisele NF, Hevelke V, Rahrt R, Kreyenschmidt A, Koszinowski K. In-Situ Analysis of Anionic Coordination Polymerizations by Electrospray-Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210211. [PMID: 35977914 PMCID: PMC9828445 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Anionic coordination polymerizations proceed via highly reactive intermediates, whose in situ analysis has remained difficult. Here, we show that electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry is a promising method to obtain detailed information on the polymerization process. Focusing on polymerization reactions of 1,3-dienes initiated by CoCl2 /RLi (R=Me, nBu, tBu, Ph), we directly observe the growing polymer chains and characterize the active anionic cobalt centers by gas-phase fragmentation experiments. On the basis of these results, we suggest a plausible mechanism for the polymerization reaction. Moreover, the ESI mass spectra permit the determination of molecular weight distributions, which are in good agreement with those derived from NMR-spectroscopic as well as MALDI mass-spectrometric measurements, and afford a wealth of kinetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Kreyenschmidt
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Niklas F. Eisele
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Valentin Hevelke
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Rene Rahrt
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | | | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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4
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Kreyenschmidt F, Eisele NF, Hevelke V, Rahrt R, Kreyenschmidt AK, Koszinowski K. In‐Situ Analysis of Anionic Coordination Polymerizations by Electrospray‐Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Kreyenschmidt
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie GERMANY
| | - Niklas F. Eisele
- Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie GERMANY
| | - Valentin Hevelke
- Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie GERMANY
| | - Rene Rahrt
- Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie GERMANY
| | | | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen GERMANY
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5
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Niedner‐Schatteburg G, Kappes MM. Advancing Inorganic Coordination Chemistry by Spectroscopy of Isolated Molecules: Methods and Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:15027-15042. [PMID: 34636096 PMCID: PMC8596414 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A unique feature of the work carried out in the Collaborative Research Center 3MET continues to be its emphasis on innovative, advanced experimental methods which hyphenate mass-selection with further analytical tools such as laser spectroscopy for the study of isolated molecular ions. This allows to probe the intrinsic properties of the species of interest free of perturbing solvent or matrix effects. This review explains these methods and uses examples from past and ongoing 3MET studies of specific classes of multicenter metal complexes to illustrate how coordination chemistry can be advanced by applying them. As a corollary, we will show how the challenges involved in providing well-defined, for example monoisomeric, samples of the molecular ions have helped to further improve the methods themselves thus also making them applicable to many other areas of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)76128KarlsruheGermany
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6
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Deuker M, Yang Y, O’Hair RAJ, Koszinowski K. Tetraorganylargentate(III) Complexes: Key Intermediates in Silver-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Deuker
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Richard A. J. O’Hair
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Eisele NF, Koszinowski K. Direct Detection of Free and Counterion-Bound Carbanions by Electrospray-Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3750-3757. [PMID: 33599503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose electrospray-ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry as a robust and powerful method for the in situ analysis of carbanions. ESI mass spectrometry selectively probes the charged components of the sampled solution and, thus, is ideally suited for the detection of free carbanions. We demonstrate the potential of this method by analyzing acetonitrile solutions of 15 different carbon acids AH, whose acidities cover a range of 11.1 ≤ pKa(DMSO) ≤ 29.5. After treatment with KOtBu as a strong base, all but the two least acidic compounds were successfully detected as free carbanions A- and/or as potassium-bound aggregates [Kn-1An]-. The association equilibria can be shifted toward smaller aggregates and free carbanions by the addition of the crown ether 18-crown-6, which facilitates the evaluation of the mass spectra. When KOtBu was replaced by other bases (LiOH, LiNiPr2, NaH, NaOH, KOH, NBu4OH) or when tetrahydrofuran or methanol was used as a solvent, carbanions were also successfully observed. For further demonstrating the utility of the proposed method, we applied it to the analysis of the Michael addition of deprotonated dimedone to butenone. ESI mass spectrometry allowed us to follow the decrease of the reactant carbanion and the buildup of the product carbanion in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas F Eisele
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Mannion DR, Mannion JM, Kuhne WW, Wellons MS. Matrix-Assisted Ionization of Molecular Uranium Species. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:8-13. [PMID: 33253565 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted ionization (MAI) demonstrates high sensitivity for a variety of organic compounds; however, few studies have reported the application of MAI for the detection and characterization of inorganic analytes. Trace-level uranium analysis is important in the realms of nuclear forensics, nuclear safeguards, and environmental monitoring. Traditional mass spectrometry methods employed in these fields require combinations of extensive laboratory chemistry sample preparation and destructive ionization methods. There has been recent interest in exploring ambient mass spectrometry methods that enable timely sample analysis and higher sensitivity than what is attainable by field-portable radiation detectors. Rapid characterization of uranium at nanogram levels is demonstrated in this study using MAI techniques. Mass spectra were collected on an atmospheric pressure mass spectrometer for solutions of uranyl nitrate, uranyl chloride, uranyl acetate, and uranyl oxalate utilizing 3-nibrobenzonitrile as the ionization matrix. The uranyl complexes investigated were detectable, and the chemical speciation was preserved. Sample analysis was accomplished in a matter of seconds, and limits of detection of 5 ng of uranyl nitrate, 10 ng of uranyl oxalate, 100 ng of uranyl chloride, and 200 ng of uranyl acetate were achieved. The observed gas-phase speciation was similar to negative-ion electrospray ionization of uranyl compounds with notable differences. Six matrix-derived ions were detected in all negative-ion mass spectra, and some of these ions formed adducts with the uranyl analyte. Subsequent analysis of the matrix suggests that these molecules are not matrix contaminants and are instead created during the ionization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Mannion
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29803, United States
| | - Joseph M Mannion
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29803, United States
| | - Wendy W Kuhne
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29803, United States
| | - Matthew S Wellons
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29803, United States
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9
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Tatosian IJ, Iacovino AC, Van Stipdonk MJ. Collision-induced dissociation of [U VI O 2 (ClO 4 )] + revisited: Production of [U VI O 2 (Cl)] + and subsequent hydrolysis to create [U VI O 2 (OH)] . RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1085-1091. [PMID: 29645301 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In a previous study [Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2004;18:3028-3034], collision-induced dissociation (CID) of [UVI O2 (ClO4 )]+ appeared to be influenced by the high levels of background H2 O in a quadrupole ion trap. The CID of the same species was re-examined here with the goal of determining whether additional, previously obscured dissociation pathways would be revealed under conditions in which the level of background H2 O was lower. METHODS Water- and methanol-coordinated [UVI O2 (ClO4 )]+ precursor ions were generated by electrospray ionization. Multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (MSn ) for CID and ion-molecule reaction (IMR) studies was performed using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. RESULTS Under conditions of low background H2 O, CID of [UVI O2 (ClO4 )]+ generates [UVI O2 (Cl)]+ , presumably by elimination of two O2 molecules. Using low isolation/reaction times, we found that [UVI O2 (Cl)]+ will undergo an IMR with H2 O to generate [UVI O2 (OH)]+ . CONCLUSIONS With lower levels of background H2 O, CID experiments reveal that the intrinsic dissociation pathway for [UVI O2 (ClO4 )]+ leads to [UVI O2 (Cl)]+ , apparently by loss of two O2 molecules. We propose that the results reported in the earlier CID study reflected a two-step process: initial formation of [UVI O2 (Cl)]+ by CID, followed by a very rapid hydrolysis reaction to leave [UVI O2 (OH)]+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena J Tatosian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Anna C Iacovino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Michael J Van Stipdonk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
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10
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Van Stipdonk MJ, Iacovino A, Tatosian I. Influence of Background H 2O on the Collision-Induced Dissociation Products Generated from [UO 2NO 3]<sup/>. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1416-1424. [PMID: 29654536 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Developing a comprehensive understanding of the reactivity of uranium-containing species remains an important goal in areas ranging from the development of nuclear fuel processing methods to studies of the migration and fate of the element in the environment. Electrospray ionization (ESI) is an effective way to generate gas-phase complexes containing uranium for subsequent studies of intrinsic structure and reactivity. Recent experiments by our group have demonstrated that the relatively low levels of residual H2O in a 2-D, linear ion trap (LIT) make it possible to examine fragmentation pathways and reactions not observed in earlier studies conducted with 3-D ion traps (Van Stipdonk et al. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 14, 1205-1214, 2003). In the present study, we revisited the dissociation of complexes composed of uranyl nitrate cation [UVIO2(NO3)]+ coordinated by alcohol ligands (methanol and ethanol) using the 2-D LIT. With relatively low levels of background H2O, collision-induced dissociation (CID) of [UVIO2(NO3)]+ primarily creates [UO2(O2)]+ by the ejection of NO. However, CID (using He as collision gas) of [UVIO2(NO3)]+ creates [UO2(H2O)]+ and UO2+ when the 2-D LIT is used with higher levels of background H2O. Based on the results presented here, we propose that product ion spectrum in the previous experiments was the result of a two-step process: initial formation of [UVIO2(O2)]+ followed by rapid exchange of O2 for H2O by ion-molecule reaction. Our experiments illustrate the impact of residual H2O in ion trap instruments on the product ions generated by CID and provide a more accurate description of the intrinsic dissociation pathway for [UVIO2(NO3)]+. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Van Stipdonk
- Department of Chemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA.
| | - Anna Iacovino
- Department of Chemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Irena Tatosian
- Department of Chemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
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11
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Weske S, Hardin RA, Auth T, O'Hair RAJ, Koszinowski K, Ogle CA. Argentate(i) and (iii) complexes as intermediates in silver-mediated cross-coupling reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5086-5089. [PMID: 29708564 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01707g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potential of silver to mediate synthetically valuable cross-coupling reactions, the operating mechanisms have remained unknown. Here, we use a combination of rapid-injection NMR spectroscopy, electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry, and quantum chemical calculations to demonstrate that these transformations involve argentate(i) and (iii) complexes as key intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Weske
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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12
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Davis AL, Clowers BH. Stabilization of gas-phase uranyl complexes enables rapid speciation using electrospray ionization and ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 176:140-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Elnegaard RLB, Møllegaard NE, Zhang Q, Kjeldsen F, Jørgensen TJD. Uranyl Photocleavage of Phosphopeptides Yields Truncated C-Terminally Amidated Peptide Products. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1117-1122. [PMID: 28425166 PMCID: PMC5488209 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The uranyl ion (UO22+) binds phosphopeptides with high affinity, and when irradiated with UV‐light, it can cleave the peptide backbone. In this study, high‐accuracy tandem mass spectrometry and enzymatic assays were used to characterise the photocleavage products resulting from the uranyl photocleavage reaction of a tetraphosphorylated β‐casein model peptide. We show that the primary photocleavage products of the uranyl‐catalysed reaction are C‐terminally amidated. This could be of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry, as efficient peptide amidation reactions are one of the top challenges in green pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus L B Elnegaard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Niels Erik Møllegaard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Frank Kjeldsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Thomas J D Jørgensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
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14
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Koszinowski K, Lissy F. ESI activity of Br⁻, BF₄⁻ , ClO₄⁻ and BPh₄⁻ anions in the presence of Li⁺ and NBu⁴⁺ counter-ions. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:144-151. [PMID: 28098404 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To improve our understanding of the electrospray ionization (ESI) process, we have subjected equimolar mixtures of salts A+ X- (A+ = Li+ , NBu4+ ; X- = Br- , ClO4- , BF4- , BPh4- ) in different solvents (CH3 CN, tetrahydrofuran, CH3 OH, H2 O) to negative-ion mode ESI and analyzed the relative ESI activity of the different anionic model analytes. The ESI activity of the large and hydrophobic BPh4- ion greatly exceeds that of the smaller and more hydrophilic anions Br- , ClO4- and BF4- , which we ascribe to its higher surface activity. Moreover, the ESI activity of the anions is modulated by the action of the counter-ions and their different tendency toward ion pairing. The tendency toward ion pairing can be reduced by the addition of the chelating ligands 12-crown-4 and 2.2.1 cryptand and is, although to a smaller degree, further influenced by the variation of the solvent. Complementary electrical conductivity measurements afford additional information on the interactions of the ionic constituents of the sample solutions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Lissy
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Perez E, Hanley C, Koehler S, Pestok J, Polonsky N, Van Stipdonk M. Gas Phase Reactions of Ions Derived from Anionic Uranyl Formate and Uranyl Acetate Complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1989-1998. [PMID: 27604237 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The speciation and reactivity of uranium are topics of sustained interest because of their importance to the development of nuclear fuel processing methods, and a more complete understanding of the factors that govern the mobility and fate of the element in the environment. Tandem mass spectrometry can be used to examine the intrinsic reactivity (i.e., free from influence of solvent and other condensed phase effects) of a wide range of metal ion complexes in a species-specific fashion. Here, electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation, and gas-phase ion-molecule reactions were used to create and characterize ions derived from precursors composed of uranyl cation (UVIO22+) coordinated by formate or acetate ligands. Anionic complexes containing UVIO22+ and formate ligands fragment by decarboxylation and elimination of CH2=O, ultimately to produce an oxo-hydride species [UVIO2(O)(H)]-. Cationic species ultimately dissociate to make [UVIO2(OH)]+. Anionic complexes containing acetate ligands exhibit an initial loss of acetyloxyl radical, CH3CO2•, with associated reduction of uranyl to UVO2+. Subsequent CID steps cause elimination of CO2 and CH4, ultimately to produce [UVO2(O)]-. Loss of CH4 occurs by an intra-complex H+ transfer process that leaves UVO2+ coordinated by acetate and acetate enolate ligands. A subsequent dissociation step causes elimination of CH2=C=O to leave [UVO2(O)]-. Elimination of CH4 is also observed as a result of hydrolysis caused by ion-molecule reaction with H2O. The reactions of other anionic species with gas-phase H2O create hydroxyl products, presumably through the elimination of H2. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Cassandra Hanley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Stephen Koehler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Jordan Pestok
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
- Sto-Rox High School, McKees Rocks, PA, 15136, USA
| | - Nevo Polonsky
- Chemistry Department, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine, 04240, USA
| | - Michael Van Stipdonk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA.
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16
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Van Stipdonk MJ, Hanley C, Perez E, Pestok J, Mihm P, Corcovilos TA. Collision-induced dissociation of uranyl-methoxide and uranyl-ethoxide cations: Formation of UO2 H(+) and uranyl-alkyl product ions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1879-1890. [PMID: 27392274 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The lower levels of adventitious H2 O in a linear ion trap allow the fragmentation reactions of [UO2 OCH3 ](+) and [UO2 OCH2 CH3 ](+) to be examined in detail. METHODS Methanol- and ethanol-coordinated UO2 (2+) -alkoxide precursors were generated by electrospray ionization (ESI). Multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n) ) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) were performed using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. RESULTS CID of [UO2 OCH3 (CH3 OH)n ](+) and [UO2 OCH2 CH3 (CH3 CH2 OH)n ](+) , n = 3 and 2, causes loss of neutral alcohol ligands, leading ultimately to bare uranyl-alkoxide species. Comparison of 'native' to deuterium-labeled precursors reveals dissociation pathways not previously observed in 3-D ion trap experiments. CONCLUSIONS UO2 H(+) is generated from [UO2 OCH3 ](+) by transfer of H from the methyl group. Variable-energy and variable-time CID experiments suggest that the apparent threshold for production of UO2 H(+) is lower than for UO2 (+) , but the pathway is kinetically less favored for the former than for the latter. CID experiments reveal that [UO2 OCH2 CH3 ](+) dissociates to generate [UO2 CH3 ](+) , a relatively rare species with a U-C bond, and [UO2 (O = CH2 )](+) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Van Stipdonk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Cassandra Hanley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Evan Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Jordan Pestok
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Patricia Mihm
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
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17
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Schulz J, Jašík J, Gray A, Roithová J. Formation of Oxazoles from Elusive Gold(I) α-Oxocarbenes: A Mechanistic Study. Chemistry 2016; 22:9827-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Schulz
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 2030/8 128 43 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Jašík
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 2030/8 128 43 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Andrew Gray
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 2030/8 128 43 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 2030/8 128 43 Prague Czech Republic
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18
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Schnegelsberg C, Bachmann S, Kolter M, Auth T, John M, Stalke D, Koszinowski K. Association and Dissociation of Grignard Reagents RMgCl and Their Turbo Variant RMgCl⋅LiCl. Chemistry 2016; 22:7752-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnegelsberg
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Marlene Kolter
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas Auth
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Michael John
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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19
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Drobot B, Bauer A, Steudtner R, Tsushima S, Bok F, Patzschke M, Raff J, Brendler V. Speciation Studies of Metals in Trace Concentrations: The Mononuclear Uranyl(VI) Hydroxo Complexes. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3548-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Drobot
- Institute of Resource Ecology, and ‡Helmholtz Institute
Freiberg for Resource
Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328 Saxony, Germany
| | - Anne Bauer
- Institute of Resource Ecology, and ‡Helmholtz Institute
Freiberg for Resource
Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328 Saxony, Germany
| | - Robin Steudtner
- Institute of Resource Ecology, and ‡Helmholtz Institute
Freiberg for Resource
Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328 Saxony, Germany
| | - Satoru Tsushima
- Institute of Resource Ecology, and ‡Helmholtz Institute
Freiberg for Resource
Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328 Saxony, Germany
| | - Frank Bok
- Institute of Resource Ecology, and ‡Helmholtz Institute
Freiberg for Resource
Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328 Saxony, Germany
| | - Michael Patzschke
- Institute of Resource Ecology, and ‡Helmholtz Institute
Freiberg for Resource
Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328 Saxony, Germany
| | - Johannes Raff
- Institute of Resource Ecology, and ‡Helmholtz Institute
Freiberg for Resource
Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328 Saxony, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Brendler
- Institute of Resource Ecology, and ‡Helmholtz Institute
Freiberg for Resource
Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328 Saxony, Germany
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20
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Brouillet EV, Kennedy AR, Koszinowski K, McLellan R, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Exposing elusive cationic magnesium–chloro aggregates in aluminate complexes through donor control. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5590-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00531d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Judicious choice of Lewis donor provides control over the aggregation state of the [MgxCl2x−1]+ cation in a series of Mg battery relevant magnesium aluminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne V. Brouillet
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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21
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Kellner ID, Hahn U, Dürr M, Torres T, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Drewello T. Aggregation of a Crown Ether Decorated Zinc–Phthalocyanine by Collision-Induced Desolvation of Electrospray Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11454-60. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ina D. Kellner
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Hahn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maximilian Dürr
- Bioinorganic Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia, c/Faraday, 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović
- Bioinorganic Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Van Stipdonk MJ, Michelini MDC, Plaviak A, Martin D, Gibson JK. Formation of Bare UO22+ and NUO+ by Fragmentation of Gas-Phase Uranyl–Acetonitrile Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7838-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5066067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Van Stipdonk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | | | - Alexandra Plaviak
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Dean Martin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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23
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Schulz J, Jašíková L, Škríba A, Roithová J. Role of Gold(I) α-Oxo Carbenes in the Oxidation Reactions of Alkynes Catalyzed by Gold(I) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11513-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505945d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Schulz
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Jašíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Anton Škríba
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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24
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Rodrigues F, Ferru G, Berthon L, Boubals N, Guilbaud P, Sorel C, Diat O, Bauduin P, Simonin J, Morel J, Morel-Desrosiers N, Charbonnel M. New insights into the extraction of uranium(VI) by an N,N-dialkylamide. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.902139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Tsybizova A, Ryland BL, Tsierkezos N, Stahl SS, Roithová J, Schröder D. Speciation Behavior of Copper(II) Acetate in Simple Organic Solvents – Revealing the Effect of Trace Water. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201400036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsybizova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic, http://www.orgchem.cz/roithova
| | - Bradford L. Ryland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706‐1322, USA
| | - Nikos Tsierkezos
- Institut für Chemie, Elektrochemie und Galvanotechnik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Weimarer Straße 25, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706‐1322, USA
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic, http://www.orgchem.cz/roithova
| | - Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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26
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McDonald LW, Campbell JA, Clark SB. Failure of ESI Spectra to Represent Metal-Complex Solution Composition: A Study of Lanthanide–Carboxylate Complexes. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1023-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401751r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luther W. McDonald
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Chemical
and Biological Signature Sciences Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - James A. Campbell
- Chemical
and Biological Signature Sciences Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sue B. Clark
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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27
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Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry of Rare Earths and Actinides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63256-2.00263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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28
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Jaison PG, Kumar P, Telmore VM, Aggarwal SK. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric studies on uranyl complex with α-hydroxyisobutyric acid in water-methanol medium. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1105-1118. [PMID: 23592115 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hydroxycarboxylic acids are extensively used as chelating agents in the liquid chromatographic separation of actinides and lanthanides. They are also used as model compounds to understand the binding characteristics of humic substances. A systematic study of the speciation of uranyl-α-hyydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) in water-methanol is essential, as it is important to understand the various mechanisms responsible for the separation of these species in liquid chromatography. METHODS ESI-MS studies were carried out using a tandem quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer in positive and negative ion mode. The effects of solution composition, solute concentration and supporting electrolyte concentration on the ESI-MS behavior of the uranyl species were studied. Transmission parameters such as the quadrupole ion energy and collision cell energy were optimized for acquiring the spectra of uranyl-HIBA species, ensuring that the spectra reflect the solution equilibrium conditions. RESULTS The solution composition and concentration of the uranyl salt were found to influence the major uncomplexed uranyl species. Although the ESI parameters did not influence the species distribution of uranyl-HIBA, the transmission parameters did have a significant effect. The overall trend in the complexation reaction between uranyl and HIBA was studied as a function of ligand-to-metal ratio. The species distribution obtained in positive ion mode was similar to that obtained in negative ion mode. CONCLUSIONS The study presents the optimization of the mobile phase conditions and the ESI-MS parameters for the speciation of the uranyl-HIBA system. The methodology was applied to obtaining the distribution of complexed and uncomplexed uranyl species for monitoring the trend in the complexation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Jaison
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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29
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Abstract
Abstract
In the present work the first direct measurement of hydrolysis products of Pu(VI) was achieved by means of nano-electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry. The results indicate that monomeric PuO2(OH)
+
and dimeric (PuO2)2(OH)
2
2+
species are present in solution. A trimeric species does not appear within the detection limit of the experiment, in contrast to U(VI) hydrolysis. The relative abundances of the Pu(VI) hydrolysis species in the ESI mass spectra are in good agreement with the published formation constants.
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30
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Šekutor M, Glasovac Z, Mlinarić-Majerski K. Neighboring effect in fragmentation pathways of cage guanylhydrazones in the gas phase. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2242-52. [PMID: 23413989 DOI: 10.1021/jp311049f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ESI-MS/MS investigation of the mono- and bis(guanylhydrazone) derivatives 1-5 based on adamantane and pentacycloundecane (PCU) skeleton was described. Elimination of neutral guanidine is the most abundant reaction channel in the case of 2,4-adamantyl and PCU derivatives 4 and 5, while the elimination of CH2N2 fragment is preferred for other compounds. This was attributed to the cage opening of adamantane or PCU skeletons in the former case leading to the formation of the cyclohexyl- or cyclopropylcarbinyl carbocation stabilized by the conjugation with the guanylhydrazone subunit. The main fragmentation pathways observed experimentally were analyzed by using DFT calculations. All investigated bis(guanylhydrazone)s formed dications and their abundances were found to be proportional to the interguanidine distance in the considered ions. Calculation of the first and the second proton affinities supported qualitative interpretation of the dication abundance. Close contact of two guanidine subunits is thus confirmed to be crucial in determining preferential fragmentation pathway and to suppress formation of the dication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Šekutor
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, P.O. Box 180, 10 002 Zagreb, Croatia
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31
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Walther C, Denecke MA. Actinide Colloids and Particles of Environmental Concern. Chem Rev 2013; 113:995-1015. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Walther
- Institute for Radioecology and
Radiation Protection, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melissa A. Denecke
- Institute for Nuclear Waste
Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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32
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Pomogaev V, Tiwari SP, Rai N, Goff GS, Runde W, Schneider WF, Maginn EJ. Development and application of effective pairwise potentials for UO2n+, NpO2n+, PuO2n+, and AmO2n+ (n = 1, 2) ions with water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:15954-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52444b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Schröder D. Applications of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in mechanistic studies and catalysis research. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:1521-32. [PMID: 22702223 DOI: 10.1021/ar3000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies form the basis for a better understanding of chemical processes, helping researchers develop more sustainable reactions by increasing the yields of the desired products, reducing waste production, and lowering the consumption of resources and energy overall. Conventional methods for the investigation of reaction mechanisms in solution include kinetic studies, isotope labeling, trapping of reactive intermediates, and advanced spectroscopic techniques. Within the past decade, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has provided an additional tool for mechanistic studies because researchers can directly probe liquid samples by mass spectrometry under gentle conditions. Specifically, ESI-MS allows researchers to identify the molecular entities present in solution over the course of a chemical transformation. ESI-MS is particularly useful for investigations of organic reactions or metal catalysis that involve ionic intermediates. Accordingly, researchers are increasingly using ESI-MS in mechanistic studies and catalyst development. However, a further understanding of the ESI process and how it can facilitate mechanistic studies has not accompanied this increased use of the technique. Therefore, at least in part the ESI-MS method not only has offered great promise for the elucidation of reaction mechanisms but also became a black box with the occasional risk of misinterpretation. In this Account, we summarize applications of ESI-MS for synthetic and mechanistic research. Recently researchers have established direct linkages between gas-phase data obtained via ESI-MS and processes occurring in solution, and these results reveal qualitative and quantitative correlations between ESI-MS measurements and solution properties. In this context, time dependences, concentration series, and counterion effects can serve as criteria that allow researchers assess if the gas-phase measurements correlate with the situation in the solution. Furthermore, we report developments that bridge the gap between gas-phase and solution-phase studies. We also describe predictions derived from ESI-MS that have been verified with solution-phase chemistry experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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34
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Schröder D, Buděšínský M, Roithová J. Deprotonation of p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid: Does Electrospray Ionization Sample Solution or Gas-Phase Structures? J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15897-905. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3060589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nám. 2,
16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nám. 2,
16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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35
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Tsybizova A, Rulíšek L, Schröder D, Rokob TA. Coordination and Bond Activation in Complexes of Regioisomeric Phenylpyridines with the Nickel(II) Chloride Cation in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:1171-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3052455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsybizova
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Tibor András Rokob
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
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36
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Rios D, Michelini MC, Lucena AF, Marçalo J, Bray TH, Gibson JK. Gas-Phase Uranyl, Neptunyl, and Plutonyl: Hydration and Oxidation Studied by Experiment and Theory. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:6603-14. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3001625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rios
- Chemical Sciences Division,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
| | - Maria C. Michelini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università
della Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Ana F. Lucena
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas
e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear,
Instituto Superior Técnico, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Marçalo
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas
e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear,
Instituto Superior Técnico, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Travis H. Bray
- Chemical Sciences Division,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
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Jaklová Dytrtová J, Jakl M, Schröder D. Complexation of malic acid with cadmium(II) probed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 90:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schröder D. Ion clustering in electrospray mass spectrometry of brine and other electrolyte solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6382-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40586e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Putau A, Brand H, Koszinowski K. Tetraalkylcuprates(III): formation, association, and intrinsic reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:613-22. [PMID: 22129347 DOI: 10.1021/ja209433j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetraalkylcuprates are prototypical examples of organocopper(III) species, which remained elusive until their recent detection by NMR spectroscopy. In agreement with the NMR studies, the present electrospray ionization mass spectrometric experiments, as well as supporting electrical conductivity measurements, indicate that LiCuMe(2)·LiCN reacts with a series of alkyl halides RX. The resulting Li(+)Me(2)CuR(CN)(-) intermediates then afford the observable Me(3)CuR(-) tetraalkylcuprate anions upon Me/CN exchanges with added MeLi. In contrast, the reactions of LiCuMe(2)·LiCN with neopentyl iodide and various aryl halides give rise to halogen-copper exchanges. Concentration- and solvent-dependent studies suggest that lithium tetraalkylcuprates are not fully dissociated in ethereal solvents, but partly form Li(+)Me(3)CuR(-) contact ion pairs and presumably also triple ions LiMe(6)Cu(2)R(2)(-). According to theoretical calculations, these triple ions consist of two square-planar Me(3)CuR(-) subunits binding to a central Li(+) ion. Upon fragmentation in the gas phase, the mass-selected Me(3)CuR(-) anions undergo reductive elimination, yielding both the cross-coupling products MeR and the homocoupling product Me(2). The branching between these two fragmentation channels markedly depends on the nature of the alkyl substituent R. The triple ions LiMe(6)Cu(2)R(2)(-) (as well as their mixed analogues LiMe(6)Cu(2)R(R')(-)) also afford both cross-coupling and homocoupling products upon fragmentation, but strongly favor the former. On the basis of theoretical calculations, we rationalize this prevalence of cross-coupling by the preferential interaction of the central Li(+) ion of the triple ions with two Me groups of each Me(3)CuR(-) subunit, which thereby effectively blocks the homocoupling channel. Our results thus show how a Li(+) counterion can alter the reactivity of an organocopper species at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksei Putau
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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Groenewold GS, Gaumet JJ. Characterization of Ce(3+) -tributyl phosphate coordination complexes produced by fused droplet electrospray ionization with a target capillary. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:1273-1280. [PMID: 22223419 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Coordination complexes containing Ce(III) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in the 1+, 2+ and 3+ charge states were generated using both direct infusion electrospray ionization (ESI) and fused droplet (FD) ESI using a target capillary, in which the analyte solutions are impinged by the ESI droplets. The same coordination complexes were produced in each experiment, and their relative abundances were also very close, suggesting that similar processes are occurring in both experiments. The ion species formed in both experiments have the general formula [Ce(NO(3) )(m=0-2) (TBP)(n=3-7) ]((3-m)+) . The appearance of abundant 1+ and 2+ ion pair complexes indicated that the ESI process was modifying the ion populations in the original solutions, which contain predominantly 3+ and 2+ species. The FD ESI experiments were less sensitive for coordination complexes compared to direct infusion ESI; however, mid-picomolar quantities of coordination complexes were measured using the target capillary, indicating that sensitivity would be sufficient for measuring species in many industrial separations processes.
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Révész Á, Schröder D, Svec J, Wimmerová M, Sindelar V. Anion Binding by Bambus[6]uril Probed in the Gas Phase and in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11378-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205218k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Révész
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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42
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Putau A, Koszinowski K. Association and Dissociation of Lithium Cyanocuprates in Ethereal Solvents. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200625z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksei Putau
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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Quirino JP, Haddad PR. Separation and sweeping of metal ions with EDTA in CZE-ESI-MS. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2872-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
In the last decade, we have experienced massive progress in spectroscopic methods for mass-selected ions. The aim of this tutorial review is to present action spectroscopy as a powerful tool for the investigation of ionic reaction intermediates. Examples span from ultraviolet and infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of model reaction intermediates to applications of infrared multiphoton dissociation spectroscopy (IRMPD) to intermediates directly sampled from reaction mixtures. The first example of double resonance IR-UV spectroscopy of model intermediates in an organometallic reaction is also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Roithová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic and Nuclear Chemistry, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Agrawal D, Schröder D, Frech CM. Observation of Binuclear Palladium Clusters upon ESI-MS Monitoring of the Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Catalyzed by a Dichloro-bis(aminophosphine) Complex of Palladium. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200274z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Agrawal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Christian M. Frech
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Dytrtová JJ, Jakl M, Šestáková I, Zins EL, Schröder D, Navrátil T. A new approach to study cadmium complexes with oxalic acid in soil solution. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 693:100-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Grasso G. The use of mass spectrometry to study amyloid-β peptides. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:347-365. [PMID: 21500241 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) varies in size from 39 to 43 amino acids and arises from sequential β- and γ-secretase processing of the amyloid precursor protein. Whereas the non-pathological role for Aβ is yet to be established, there is no disputing that Aβ is now widely regarded as central to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The so named "amyloid cascade hypothesis" states that disease progression is the result of an increased Aβ burden in affected areas of the brain. To elucidate the Aβ role in AD, many analytical approaches have been proposed as suitable tools to investigate not only the total Aβ load but also many other issues that are considered crucial for AD, such as: (i) the aggregation state in which Aβ is present; (ii) its interaction with other species or metals; (iii) its ability to induce oxidative stress; and (iv) its degradative pathways. This review provides an insight into the use of mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of Aβ investigation aimed to assess its role in AD. In particular, the different MS-based approaches applied in vitro and in vivo that can provide detailed information on the above-mentioned issues are reviewed. Moreover, the advantages offered by the MS methods over all the other techniques are highlighted, together with the recent developments and uses of combined analytical approaches to detect and characterize Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grasso
- Chemistry Department, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
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Dytrtová JJ, Jakl M, Schröder D, Čadková E, Komárek M. Complexation between the fungicide tebuconazole and copper(II) probed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1037-1042. [PMID: 21452380 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is used to probe the complex formation between tebuconazole (1) and copper(II) salts, which both are commonly used fungicides in agriculture. Experiments with model solutions containing 1 and CuCl(2) reveal the initial formation of the copper(II) species [(1)CuCl](+) and [(1)(2)CuCl](+) which undergo reduction to the corresponding copper(I) ions [(1)Cu](+) and [(1)(2)Cu](+) under more drastic ionization conditions in the ESI source. In additional experiments, copper/tebuconazole complexes were also detected in samples made from soil solutions of various origin and different amount of mineralization. The direct sampling of such solutions via ESI-MS is thus potentially useful for understanding of the interactions between copper(II) salts and tebuconazole in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jaklová Dytrtová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Paterová J, Heyda J, Jungwirth P, Shaffer CJ, Révész Á, Zins EL, Schröder D. Microhydration of the Magnesium(II) Acetate Cation in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:6813-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110463b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Paterová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Heyda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher J. Shaffer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ágnes Révész
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Emilie L. Zins
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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50
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Schröder D. Ion-mobility mass spectrometry of complexes of nickel and acetonitrile. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2011020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mono- and dications of microsolvated nickel complexes of acetonitrile are probed by means of ion-mobility mass spectrometry. Specifically, the complexes [(CH3CN)nNi]+, [(CH3CN)nNi]2+, [(CH3CN)nNiOH]+, and [(CH3CN)nNiCl]+ (n = 0–6) are compared to each other and their reactions with background water are probed. In general, the arrival times of the ions in the ion-mobility experiment linearly increase with the mass-to-charge ratio, but for the smaller, more reactive complexes, the arrival times are notably larger than expected from their mass. This effect is attributed to the markedly larger reactivity of these particular ions, as reflected in both charge-separation processes as well as adduct formation upon interaction with background water.
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