1
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Mathew R, Mazumder A, Kumar P, Matula J, Mohamed S, Brazda P, Hariharan M, Thomas B. Unveiling the topology of partially disordered micro-crystalline nitro-perylenediimide with X-aggregate stacking: an integrated approach. Chem Sci 2024; 15:490-499. [PMID: 38179523 PMCID: PMC10762722 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05514k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Profound knowledge of the molecular structure and supramolecular organization of organic molecules is essential to understand their structure-property relationships. Herein we demonstrate the packing arrangement of partially disordered nitro-perylenediimide (NO2-PDI), revealing that the perylenediimide units exhibit an X-shaped packing pattern. The packing of NO2-PDI is derived using a complementary approach that utilises solid-state NMR (ssNMR) and 3D electron diffraction (3D ED) techniques. Perylenediimide (PDI) molecules are captivating due to their high luminescence efficiency and optoelectronic properties, which are related to supramolecular self-assembly. Increasing the alkyl chain length on the imide substituent poses a more significant challenge in crystallizing the resulting molecule. In addition to the alkyl tails, other functional groups, like the nitro group attached as a bay substituent, can also cause disorder. Such heterogeneity could lead to diffuse scattering, which then complicates the interpretation of diffraction experiment data, where perfect periodicity is expected. As a result, there is an unmet need to develop a methodology for solving the structures of difficult-to-crystallize materials. A synergistic approach is utilised in this manuscript to understand the packing arrangement of the disordered material NO2-PDI by making use of 3D ED, ssNMR and density functional theory calculations (DFT). The combination of these experimental and theoretical approaches provides great promise in enabling the structural investigation of novel materials with customized properties across various applications, which are, due to the internal disorder, very difficult to study by diffraction techniques. By effectively addressing these challenges, our methodology opens up new avenues for material characterization, thereby driving exciting advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renny Mathew
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Aniruddha Mazumder
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Kerala India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Julie Matula
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharmarke Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Petr Brazda
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2/1999 18200 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Kerala India
| | - Brijith Thomas
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
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2
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Gámez-Valenzuela S, Torres-Moya I, Sánchez A, Donoso B, López Navarrete JT, Ruiz Delgado MC, Prieto P, Ponce Ortiz R. Extended π-Conjugation and Structural Planarity Effects of Symmetrical D-π-A-π-D Naphthalene and Perylene Diimide Semiconductors on n-type Electrical Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301639. [PMID: 37265227 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of donor-π-acceptor-π-donor (D-π-A-π-D) compounds based on naphthalendiimide (NDI) and perylenediimide (PDI) central cores combined with triphenylamine and phenylcarbazole donor groups have been synthesized, characterized and tested in top-contact/bottom gate organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The results showed high electron mobilities, up to 0.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 , in the case of NDI derivatives and moderate values of around 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 for PDI-based semiconductors. Quantum chemical calculations were performed in order to support the experimental data. The results suggest that adequate molecular characteristics and larger crystalline domains in NDI vs. PDI semiconducting films may be the reasons behind the enhanced electrical properties of NDI derivatives. Furthermore, when the lateral donor substituents are triphenylamine groups, the mobilities were slightly higher in comparison to phenylcarbazole donor groups due to an improved electron-donating character. Other characterization techniques, such as AFM, X-ray diffraction or spectroelectrochemistry, among others, have been performed to analyze supramolecular order, charge carriers' nature and stability, parameters closely related to charge transport characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gámez-Valenzuela
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n, Malaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Iván Torres-Moya
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia Campus of Espinardo, Murcia, 30005, Spain
| | - Abelardo Sánchez
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - Beatriz Donoso
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | | | - M Carmen Ruiz Delgado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n, Malaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n, Malaga, 29071, Spain
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3
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Dusold C, Weiss C, Hampel F, Hirsch A. Synthesis and crystal packing of perylene-derivatives with extreme sterically demanding pentaphenylbenzene bay-substituents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:583-586. [PMID: 33475636 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07773a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented library of single and double bay-substituted perylene-pentaphenylbenzenes (PPBs) is presented. An extreme core-distortion as well as successful elimination of aggregation interactions of perylenes was confirmed by X-ray analysis. The isomerically pure perylene-PPB hybrids show remarkable differences in their photophysical properties with respect to their regiochemistry as well as different peri-functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Dusold
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | - Corinna Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
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4
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El-Berjawi R, Rocard L, Goujon A, Cauchy T, Hudhomme P. Visible-Light-Mediated Synthesis of AzaBenzannulated Perylenediimide-Based Light-Harvesting Dyads. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12252-12261. [PMID: 32907332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular imine photocyclization has been explored for grafting on the bay region of perylenediimide (PDI) different electro- and photoactive chromophores to achieve new AzaBenzannulated-PDI (AzaBPDI) dyads. Triphenylamine (TPA), fluorene (Fl), perylenemonoimide (PMI), and perylenediimide (PDI) units have been successfully assembled to AzaBPDI using this straightforward one-pot synthesis starting from the easily accessible 1-aminoPDI. This original procedure was compared to the well-known Pictet-Spengler reaction and appears to be an attractive alternative in terms of versatility and efficiency with higher yields obtained. The optical and electrochemical properties of these molecular systems demonstrated large absorption capabilities in the visible range, good accepting abilities with low LUMO levels, and efficient electronic interactions between chromophoric units such as energy or electron transfers. In addition, with their large dihedral angle estimated by theoretical calculations, those dyads should present interesting applications in various organic optoelectronic devices. In particular, the PMI-AzaBPDI and PDI-AzaBPDI dyads presenting low LUMO levels, a broad absorption in the visible range, and a twisted conformation make them good candidates as non-fullerene acceptors in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane El-Berjawi
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, Université Angers, SFR Matrix, 2 Bd Lavoisier, Angers Cedex, 49045 France
| | - Lou Rocard
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, Université Angers, SFR Matrix, 2 Bd Lavoisier, Angers Cedex, 49045 France
| | - Antoine Goujon
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, Université Angers, SFR Matrix, 2 Bd Lavoisier, Angers Cedex, 49045 France
| | - Thomas Cauchy
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, Université Angers, SFR Matrix, 2 Bd Lavoisier, Angers Cedex, 49045 France
| | - Piétrick Hudhomme
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, Université Angers, SFR Matrix, 2 Bd Lavoisier, Angers Cedex, 49045 France
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5
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Ball ML, Zhang B, Fu T, Schattman AM, Paley DW, Ng F, Venkataraman L, Nuckolls C, Steigerwald ML. The importance of intramolecular conductivity in three dimensional molecular solids. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9339-9344. [PMID: 32110297 PMCID: PMC7006630 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen tremendous progress towards understanding the relation between the molecular structure and function of organic field effect transistors. The metrics for organic field effect transistors, which are characterized by mobility and the on/off ratio, are known to be enhanced when the intermolecular interaction is strong and the intramolecular reorganization energy is low. While these requirements are adequate when describing organic field effect transistors with simple and planar aromatic molecular components, they are insufficient for complex building blocks, which have the potential to localize a carrier on the molecule. Here, we show that intramolecular conductivity can play a role in controlling device characteristics of organic field effect transistors made with macrocycle building blocks. We use two isomeric macrocyclic semiconductors that consist of perylene diimides linked with bithiophenes and find that the trans-linked macrocycle has a higher mobility than the cis-based device. Through a combination of single molecule junction conductance measurements of the components of the macrocycles, control experiments with acyclic counterparts to the macrocycles, and analyses of each of the materials using spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and density functional theory, we attribute the difference in electron mobility of the OFETs created with the two isomers to the difference in intramolecular conductivity of the two macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Ball
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , USA . ; ;
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , USA . ; ;
| | - Tianren Fu
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , USA . ; ;
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Math , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , USA
| | - Ayden M Schattman
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , USA . ; ;
| | - Daniel W Paley
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , USA . ; ;
| | - Fay Ng
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , USA . ; ;
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , USA . ; ;
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Math , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , USA . ; ;
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , USA . ; ;
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6
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Patil Y, Shinde J, Misra R. Near-infrared absorbing metal functionalized diketopyrrolopyrroles. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Schulze M, Philipp M, Waigel W, Schmidt D, Würthner F. Library of Azabenz-Annulated Core-Extended Perylene Derivatives with Diverse Substitution Patterns and Tunable Electronic and Optical Properties. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8394-405. [PMID: 27568658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a collection of different azabenz-annulated perylene derivatives. By developing new synthetic strategies and improving existing protocols, we have expanded the structural diversity of these dye molecules to a multifunctional class of ligating chromophores. The Pictet-Spengler (PS) reaction of 1-amino-perylenes with different aldehydes is used to modify the terminal substitution pattern. PS transformations of 1,6- and/or 1,7-diamino perylenes result in 2-fold annulated nitrogen-containing coronene-type molecules like anti-(ab)2-PBI 15, syn-(ab)2-PBI 16, and syn-(ab)2-PTE 18. In addition, azabenz-annulated perylene bisanhydrides (ab-PBA 6 and syn-(ab)2-PBA 19) were explored as universal starting materials providing access to any desired imide functionality. Furthermore, a newly developed regioselective nitration procedure for perylene monoimide diesters (PMIDE) enables the synthesis of 1-nitro-PMIDE 10 and thus of azabenz-annulated perylene derivatives with unsymmetric peri-substitution patterns (ab-PMIDE 12 and ab-PMIMA 13). According to our spectroscopic and theoretical investigations, the optical and electrochemical properties of these multifunctional chromophores can easily be modified and adjusted to many desirable applications following the synthetic strategies presented in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Schulze
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Philipp
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Waigel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Takai A, Sakamaki D, Seki S, Matsushita Y, Takeuchi M. Ferrocene‐Substituted Naphthalenediimide with Broad Absorption and Electron‐Transport Properties in the Segregated‐Stack Structure. Chemistry 2016; 22:7385-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuro Takai
- International Center for Young Scientists and Molecular Design & Function Group National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Molecular Engineering Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsushita
- Materials Analysis Station National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- International Center for Young Scientists and Molecular Design & Function Group National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
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9
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Ghosh AC, Weisz K, Schulzke C. Selective Capture of Ni2+Ions by Naphthalene- and Coumarin-Substituted Dithiolenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Ball M, Fowler B, Li P, Joyce LA, Li F, Liu T, Paley D, Zhong Y, Li H, Xiao S, Ng F, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C. Chiral Conjugated Corrals. J Am Chem Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ball
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Brandon Fowler
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Panpan Li
- The
Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials
and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China 200234
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Leo A. Joyce
- Process
and Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Fang Li
- The
Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials
and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China 200234
| | - Taifeng Liu
- The
Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials
and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China 200234
| | - Daniel Paley
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hexing Li
- The
Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials
and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China 200234
| | - Shengxiong Xiao
- The
Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials
and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China 200234
| | - Fay Ng
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Colin Nuckolls
- The
Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials
and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China 200234
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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11
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Dicks JP, Zubair M, Davies ES, Garner CD, Schulzke C, Wilson C, McMaster J. Synthesis, Structure and Redox Properties of Asymmetric (Cyclopentadienyl)(ene-1,2-dithiolate)cobalt(III) Complexes Containing Phenyl, Pyridyl and Pyrazinyl Units. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Mondal I, Pal U. Noble metal free naphthylbisimide/TiO2/graphene: an efficient H2evolution photocatalyst. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00726g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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13
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1,7-Bis-( N, N-dialkylamino)perylene Bisimides: Facile Synthesis and Characterization as Near-Infrared Fluorescent Dyes. MATERIALS 2014; 7:7548-7565. [PMID: 28788262 PMCID: PMC5512673 DOI: 10.3390/ma7117548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Three symmetric alkylamino-substituted perylene bisimides with different n-alkyl chain lengths (n = 6, 12, or 18), 1,7-bis-(N,N-dialkylamino)perylene bisimides (1a–1c), were synthesized under mild condition and were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and high resolution mass spectroscopy. Their optical and electrochemical properties were measured using UV-Vis and emission spectroscopic techniques as well as cyclic voltammetry (CV). These compounds show deep green color in both solution and solid state, and are highly soluble in dichloromethane and even in nonpolar solvents such as hexane. The shapes of the absorption spectra of 1a–1c in the solution and solid state were found to be almost the same, indicating that the long alkyl chains could efficiently prevent intermolecular contact and aggregation. They show a unique charge transfer emission in the near-infrared region, of which the peak wavelengths exhibit strong solvatochromism. The dipole moments of the molecules have been estimated using the Lippert–Mataga equation, and upon excitation, they show larger dipole moment changes than that of 1,7-diaminoperylene bisimide (2). Moreover, all the dyes exhibit two irreversible one-electron oxidations and two quasi-reversible one-electron reductions in dichloromethane at modest potentials. Complementary density functional theory calculations performed on these chromophores are reported in order to rationalize their electronic structure and optical properties.
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14
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Bala S, Mondal I, Goswami A, Pal U, Mondal R. Synthesis, crystal structure and optical properties of a naphthylbisimide-Ni complex: a framework on TiO2for visible light H2production. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:15704-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Green Perylene Bisimide Dyes: Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties. MATERIALS 2014; 7:5488-5506. [PMID: 28788140 PMCID: PMC5456190 DOI: 10.3390/ma7085488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three asymmetric amino-substituted perylene bisimide dyes with different n-alkyl chain lengths (n = 6, 12, or 18), 1-(N,N-dialkylamino)perylene bisimides (1a-1c), were synthesized under mild condition in high yields and were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), HRMS (High Resolution Mass Spectrometer), UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra, as well as cyclic voltammetry (CV). These molecules show intense green color in both solution and solid state and are highly soluble in dichloromethane and even in nonpolar solvents, such as hexane. The shapes of the absorption spectra of 1a-1c in solid state and in solution were found to be virtually the same, indicating that the long alkyl chains could efficiently prevent aggregation. They exhibit a unique charge transfer emission in the near-infrared region, of which the peak wavelengths show strong solvatochromism. The dipole moments of the compounds have been estimated using the Lippert-Mataga equation, and upon excitation, they show larger dipole moment changes than that of 1-aminoperylene bisimide (2). Furthermore, all of the compounds exhibit two quasi-reversible one-electron oxidations and two quasi-reversible one-electron reductions in dichloromethane at modest potentials. Complementary density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed on these dyes are reported in order to rationalize their molecular structures and electronic properties.
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16
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Sengupta S, Dubey RK, Hoek RWM, van Eeden SPP, Gunbaş DD, Grozema FC, Sudhölter EJR, Jager WF. Synthesis of Regioisomerically Pure 1,7-Dibromoperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic Acid Derivatives. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6655-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wolter F. Jager
- BioSolar Cells, P.O. Box 98, 6700
AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Llewellyn BA, Slater AG, Goretzki G, Easun TL, Sun XZ, Davies ES, Argent SP, Lewis W, Beeby A, George MW, Champness NR. Photophysics and electrochemistry of a platinum-acetylide disubstituted perylenediimide. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:85-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50874a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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1,6- and 1,7-regioisomers of asymmetric and symmetric perylene bisimides: synthesis, characterization and optical properties. Molecules 2013; 19:327-41. [PMID: 24378971 PMCID: PMC6270995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1,6- and 1,7-regioisomers of dinitro- (1,6-A and 1,7-A) and diamino-substituted perylene bisimides (1,6-B and 1,7-B), and 1-amino-6-nitro- and 1-amino-7-nitroperylene bisimides (1,6-C and 1,7-C) were synthesized. The 1,6-A and 1,7-A regioisomers were successfully separated by high performance liquid chromatography and characterized by 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and subsequently, their reduction which afforded the corresponding diaminoperylene bisimides 1,6-B and 1,7-B, respectively. On the other hand, the monoreduction of 1,6-A and 1,7-A, giving the asymmetric 1-amino-6-nitro (1,6-C) and 1-amino-7-nitroperylene bisimides (1,7-C), respectively, can be performed by shortening the reaction time from 6 h to 1 h. This is the first time the asymmetric 1,6-disubstituted perylene bisimide 1,6-C is obtained in pure form. The photophysical properties of 1,6-A and 1,7-A were found to be almost the same. However, the regioisomers 1,6-C and 1,7-C, as well as 1,6-B and 1,7-B, exhibit significant differences in their optical characteristics. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations performed on these dyes are reported in order to rationalize their electronic structure and absorption spectra.
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Slater AG, Davies ES, Argent SP, Lewis W, Blake AJ, McMaster J, Champness NR. Bis-thioether-substituted perylene diimides: structural, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical properties. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2853-62. [PMID: 23506219 DOI: 10.1021/jo400026r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and separation of the 1,6- and 1,7- isomers of N,N'-bis(alkyl)diadamantylthio-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide are reported. Investigations of the structural, electrochemical, spectroscopic, and spectroelectrochemical properties of the isomers reveal a sequence of electrochemically and chemically reversible reduction processes for both isomers. Three X-ray crystal structures are reported including a pair of 1,6- and 1,7-isomers demonstrating the twist of the perylene core in the solid state. Our studies thoroughly characterize the mono- and direduced states of the two isomers allowing unequivocal characterization of the reduced species by UV-vis and IR spectroscopic measurements. EPR studies also allow direct identification of the monoreduced PTCDI species and spectroscopic measurements confirm the delocalization of electronic density around the carbonyl moieties of the reduced species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G Slater
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Dubey RK, Niemi M, Kaunisto K, Efimov A, Tkachenko NV, Lemmetyinen H. Direct Evidence of Significantly Different Chemical Behavior and Excited-State Dynamics of 1,7- and 1,6-Regioisomers of Pyrrolidinyl-Substituted Perylene Diimide. Chemistry 2013; 19:6791-806. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Taylor AJ, Davies ES, Weinstein JA, Sazanovich IV, Bouganov OV, Tikhomirov SA, Towrie M, McMaster J, Garner CD. Ultrafast Intramolecular Charge Separation in a Donor–Acceptor Assembly Comprising Bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)molybdenum Coordinated to an Ene-1,2-dithiolate-naphthalenetetracarboxylicdiimide Ligand. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:13181-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301436t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Taylor
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2 RD, United
Kingdom
| | - E. Stephen Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2 RD, United
Kingdom
| | - Julia A. Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Science
and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2 RD, United
Kingdom
| | - C. David Garner
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2 RD, United
Kingdom
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Dhokale B, Gautam P, Misra R. Donor–acceptor perylenediimide–ferrocene conjugates: synthesis, photophysical, and electrochemical properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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El-Khouly ME, Gutiérrez AM, Sastre-Santos Á, Fernández-Lázaro F, Fukuzumi S. Light harvesting zinc naphthalocyanine–perylenediimide supramolecular dyads: long-lived charge-separated states in nonpolar media. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3612-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23285e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Slater BJ, Davies ES, Argent SP, Nowell H, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Champness NR. A Perylene Diimide Rotaxane: Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemically Driven De-Threading. Chemistry 2011; 17:14746-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Handa NV, Mendoza KD, Shirtcliff LD. Syntheses and Properties of 1,6 and 1,7 Perylene Diimides and Tetracarboxylic Dianhydrides. Org Lett 2011; 13:4724-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2019407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha V. Handa
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74074, United States
| | - Kayla D. Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74074, United States
| | - Laura D. Shirtcliff
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74074, United States
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Lentijo S, Miguel JA, Espinet P. Cyclopalladated Complexes of Perylene Imine: Formation of Acetato-Bridged Dinuclear Complexes with 6,6- and 5,6-Membered Metallacycles. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om1010929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Lentijo
- IU CINQUIMA Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús A. Miguel
- IU CINQUIMA Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
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Lentijo S, Miguel JA, Espinet P. Highly Fluorescent Platinum(II) Organometallic Complexes of Perylene and Perylene Monoimide, with Pt σ-Bonded Directly to the Perylene Core. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:9169-77. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1003319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Lentijo
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús A. Miguel
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
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