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Borocci S, Grandinetti F, Sanna N, Zazza C. Noble Gas Anions: An Overview of Strategies and Bonding Motifs. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400191. [PMID: 38735841 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
This review article aims to provide an overview of the strategies employed to prepare noble gas anions under different environments and experimental conditions, and of the bonding motifs typically occurring in these species. Observed systems include anions fixed into synthesized salts, detected in the gas phase or in high-pressure devices. The major role of the theoretical calculations is also highlighted, not only in support of the experiments, but also as effective in predicting still unreported species. The chemistry of noble gas anions overall appears as a varied and rich paint, offering fascinating opportunities for both experimentalists and theoreticians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Borocci
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, L.go dell'Università, s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB) del CNR, Sede di Roma -, Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Grandinetti
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, L.go dell'Università, s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB) del CNR, Sede di Roma -, Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Nico Sanna
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, L.go dell'Università, s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi (ISTP) del CNR, Via Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Costantino Zazza
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, L.go dell'Università, s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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Liu J, Zhu J, Yu H, Zhang Z, Wu G, Yao A, Pan L, Bao K, Cui T. Structural Phase Transition and Decomposition of XeF 2 under High Pressure and Its Formation of Xe-Xe Covalent Bonds. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12248-12254. [PMID: 38874621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Noble gases with inert chemical properties have rich bonding modes under high pressure. Interestingly, Xe and Xe form covalent bonds, originating from the theoretical simulation of the pressure-induced decomposition of XeF2, which has yet to be experimentally confirmed. Moreover, the structural phase transition and metallization of XeF2 under high pressure have always been controversial. Therefore, we conducted extensive experiments using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell technique to investigate the above issues of XeF2. We propose that XeF2 undergoes a structural phase transition and decomposition above 84.1 GPa after laser heating, and the decomposed product Xe2F contains Xe-Xe covalent bonds. Neither the pressure nor temperature alone could bring about these changes in XeF2. With our UV-vis absorption experiment, I4/mmm-XeF2 was metalized at 159 GPa. This work confirms the existence of Xe-Xe covalent bonds and provides insights into the controversy surrounding XeF2, enriching the research on noble gas chemistry under high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jinming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Gang Wu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Andong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lingyun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Kuo Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Anion-Anion Interactions in Aerogen-Bonded Complexes. Influence of Solvent Environment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082116. [PMID: 33917030 PMCID: PMC8067769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ab initio calculations are applied to the question as to whether a AeX5- anion (Ae = Kr, Xe) can engage in a stable complex with another anion: F-, Cl-, or CN-. The latter approaches the central Ae atom from above the molecular plane, along its C5 axis. While the electrostatic repulsion between the two anions prevents their association in the gas phase, immersion of the system in a polar medium allows dimerization to proceed. The aerogen bond is a weak one, with binding energies less than 2 kcal/mol, even in highly polar aqueous solvent. The complexes are metastable in the less polar solvents THF and DMF, with dissociation opposed by a small energy barrier.
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Abstract
The NgF6n+1− (Ng = Xe, Rn) anions exhibit much larger vertical detachment energies than the EA of halogen elements, confirming their superhalogen identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Sikorska
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Gdansk
- 80-308 Gdansk
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The Impact of Larger Basis Sets and Explicitly Correlated Coupled Cluster Theory on the Feller–Peterson–Dixon Composite Method. ANNUAL REPORTS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.arcc.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gao K, Sheng L. Theoretical investigation of HNgNH3(+) ions (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe). J Chem Phys 2015; 142:144301. [PMID: 25877572 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The equilibrium geometries, harmonic frequencies, and dissociation energies of HNgNH3(+) ions (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) were investigated using the following method: Becke-3-parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP), Boese-Matrin for Kinetics (BMK), second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), and coupled-cluster with single and double excitations as well as perturbative inclusion of triples (CCSD(T)). The results indicate that HHeNH3(+), HArNH3(+), HKrNH3(+), and HXeNH3(+) ions are metastable species that are protected from decomposition by high energy barriers, whereas the HNeNH3(+) ion is unstable because of its relatively small energy barrier for decomposition. The bonding nature of noble-gas atoms in HNgNH3(+) was also analyzed using the atoms in molecules approach, natural energy decomposition analysis, and natural bond orbital analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunqi Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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Rogachev AY, Miao MS, Merino G, Hoffmann R. Molecular CsF5 and CsF2+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8275-8. [PMID: 26039405 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
D5h star-like CsF5 , formally isoelectronic with known XeF5 (-) ion, is computed to be a local minimum on the potential energy surface of CsF5 , surrounded by reasonably large activation energies for its exothermic decomposition to CsF+2 F2 , or to CsF3 (three isomeric forms)+F2 , or for rearrangement to a significantly more stable isomer, a classical Cs(+) complex of F5 (-) . Similarly the CsF2 (+) ion is computed to be metastable in two isomeric forms. In the more symmetrical structures of these molecules there is definite involvement in bonding of the formally core 5p levels of Cs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Dept. of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology (USA)
| | - Mao-Sheng Miao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge (USA).,Beijing Computational Science Research Center (P.R. China)
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida (México)
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca NY 14853-1301 (USA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Haner
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Nabiev SS, Sokolov VB, Chaivanov BB. Molecular and crystal structures of noble gas compounds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Thanthiriwatte KS, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA, Christe KO. Structural and Energetic Properties of Closed Shell XFn (X = Cl, Br, and I; n = 1–7) and XOnFm (X = Cl, Br, and I; n = 1–3; m = 0–6) Molecules and Ions Leading to Stability Predictions for Yet Unknown Compounds. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:10966-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301438b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Sahan Thanthiriwatte
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336,
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336,
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336,
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Karl O. Christe
- Loker Research
Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661,
United States
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Peterson KA, Dixon DA, Stoll H. The Use of Explicitly Correlated Methods on XeF6 Predicts a C3v Minimum with a Sterically Active, Free Valence Electron Pair on Xe. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9777-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3084259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk A. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630,
United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Hermann Stoll
- Institut
für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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Feller D, Peterson KA, Dixon DA. Further benchmarks of a composite, convergent, statistically calibrated coupled-cluster-based approach for thermochemical and spectroscopic studies. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.684897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Feller
- a Department of Chemistry , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164-4630 , USA
| | - Kirk A. Peterson
- a Department of Chemistry , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164-4630 , USA
| | - David A. Dixon
- b Chemistry Department , The University of Alabama , Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487-0336 , USA
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Vasiliu M, Grant DJ, Feller D, Dixon DA. Heats of Formation of MHxCly (M = Si, P, As, Sb) Compounds and Main Group Fluorides from High Level Electronic Structure Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3717-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2119229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa,
Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Daniel J. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa,
Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - David Feller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630,
United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa,
Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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Theoretical investigation of the noble gas molecular anions XAuNgX− and HAuNgX− (X = F, Cl, Br; Ng = Xe, Kr, Ar). Struct Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-012-9978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dixon DA, Feller D, Peterson KA. A Practical Guide to Reliable First Principles Computational Thermochemistry Predictions Across the Periodic Table. ANNUAL REPORTS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY VOLUME 8 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59440-2.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Haiges R, Rahm M, Dixon DA, Garner EB, Christe KO. Binary Group 15 Polyazides. Structural Characterization of [Bi(N3)4]−, [Bi(N3)5]2–, [bipy·Bi(N3)5]2–, [Bi(N3)6]3–, bipy·As(N3)3, bipy·Sb(N3)3, and [(bipy)2·Bi(N3)3]2 and on the Lone Pair Activation of Valence Electrons. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:1127-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Haiges
- Loker Hydrocarbon
Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
90089, United States
| | - Martin Rahm
- Loker Hydrocarbon
Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
90089, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Edward B. Garner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Karl O. Christe
- Loker Hydrocarbon
Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
90089, United States
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Kurzydłowski D, Zaleski-Ejgierd P, Grochala W, Hoffmann R. Freezing in resonance structures for better packing: XeF2 becomes (XeF+)(F-) at large compression. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:3832-40. [PMID: 21438503 DOI: 10.1021/ic200371a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent high-pressure experiments conducted on xenon difluoride (XeF(2)) suggested that this compound undergoes several phase transitions up to 100 GPa, becoming metallic above 70 GPa. In this theoretical study, in contrast to experiment, we find that the ambient pressure molecular structure of xenon difluoride, of I4/mmm symmetry, remains the most stable one up to 105 GPa. In our computations, the structures suggested from experiment have either much higher enthalpies than the I4/mmm structure or converge to that structure upon geometry optimization. We discuss these discrepancies between experiment and calculation and point to an alternative interpretation of the measured cell vectors of XeF(2) at high pressure. At pressures exceeding those studied experimentally, above 105 GPa, the I4/mmm structure transforms to one of Pnma symmetry. The Pnma phase contains bent FXeF molecules, with unequal Xe-F distances, and begins to bring other fluorines into the coordination sphere of the Xe. Further compression of this structure up to 200 GPa essentially results in self-dissociation of XeF(2) into an ionic solid (i.e., [XeF](+)F(-)), similar to what is observed for nitrous oxide (N(2)O) at high pressure.
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Grant DJ, Wang TH, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA, Christe KO. F+ and F− Affinities of Simple NxFy and OxFy Compounds. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1914-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ic102310v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Tsang-Hsiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Karl O. Christe
- Loker Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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Grandinetti F. Review: gas-phase ion chemistry of the noble gases: recent advances and future perspectives. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2011; 17:423-463. [PMID: 22173538 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review article surveys recent experimental and theoretical advances in the gas-phase ion chemistry of the noble gases. Covered issues include the interaction of the noble gases with metal and non-metal cations, the conceivable existence of covalent noble-gas anions, the occurrence of ion-molecule reactions involving singly-charged xenon cations, and the occurrence of bond-forming reactions involving doubly-charged cations. Research themes are also highlighted, that are expected to attract further interest in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Grandinetti
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell'Università, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Vasdev N, Moran MD, Tuononen HM, Chirakal R, Suontamo RJ, Bain AD, Schrobilgen GJ. NMR Spectroscopic Evidence for the Intermediacy of XeF3− in XeF2/F− Exchange, Attempted Syntheses and Thermochemistry of XeF3− Salts, and Theoretical Studies of the XeF3− Anion. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:8997-9004. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101275m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Vasdev
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, McMaster University Medical Centre and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Matthew D. Moran
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Raman Chirakal
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, McMaster University Medical Centre and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Reijo J. Suontamo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Alex D. Bain
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Gary J. Schrobilgen
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Craciun R, Long RT, Dixon DA, Christe KO. Electron Affinities, Fluoride Affinities, and Heats of Formation of the Second Row Transition Metal Hexafluorides: MF6 (M = Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag). J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:7571-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1022949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Craciun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - Rebecca T. Long
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - Karl O. Christe
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089
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